Structure and mechanism of Candida albicans Int1 involved in septin organization regulation / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of Candida albicans Int1 in regulating septin organization. Methods:A series of full-length and truncated fragments of Int1 were constructed and fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP). The intracellular localization of the fusion proteins was observed under a fluorescence microscope. The region in Int1 that was required for bud neck localization was identified. Full-length and fragments of Int1 were overexpressed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the changes in cell growth, cell morphology and septin organization were investigated to determine the functional region in Int1 that mediated the interaction with septin. Moreover, the co-localization of the region and septin was analyzed. Results:The full-length Int1 consisted of 1 661 amino acid residues. A middle region of 209 amino acid residues, Int1-M4 (739-947 aa), that could be localized at the bud neck during both small and large bud periods was identified. Overexpression of Int1-M4 led to significant growth defects, elongated bud and disorganized septin. In the cells with elongated bud, Int1-M4 and septin with abnormal structures could be co-localized.Conclusions:Int1-M4 (739-947 aa), the middle region of Int1 containing 209 amino acid residues, mediated the bud neck localization and the interaction with septin, playing an important role in regulating septin organization.

Integrator Complex: Versatile Players in Transcriptional Regulation / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

The discovery of integrator complex (INT) expanded our understanding of noncoding U-rich small nuclear RNA (U snRNA) maturation and transcriptional regulation, and has revived the research boom in related fields. This complex consists of at least 14 subunits, weighting over 1. 4 MD. On one hand, it functions by the cleavage of transcripts; on the other hand, it interacts with protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and dephosphorylates the C-terminal repeat sequence of RNA polymerase II (Pol II), thus regulating the transcriptional activity of RNA Pol II, and functions in the production of various RNAs (messenger RNA, small nuclear RNA, enhancer RNA, etc.). INT is recruited to the CTD during transcriptional initiation stage and moves along the U small nuclear RNA (snRNA) gene during transcription. Upon the recognition of 3' maturation sequence element, its cleavage activity is triggered and the matured transcripts are released. Besides, it is also involved in many other processes, including protein-coding gene transcription pause-release, transcriptional elongation, regulation of enhancer RNA transcription, and DNA and RNA metabolism etc. Meanwhile, the significance of INT complex or its components in tumorigenesis, pathogenesis, and ontogeny has being gradually highlighted. Nevertheless, the structural and compositional studies just took a new breakthrough recently. The 14 subunits that make up the complex are characterized by a large number of α-helices, which are further assembled into a huge transcription regulation machine based on the formation of functional modules. This article will mainly discuss about the composition, structural characteristics, functional studies, disease-association, and problem outlook of the integrator complex.

Quinacrine causes apoptosis in human cancer cell lines through caspase-mediated pathway and regulation of small-GTPase

Quinacrine (QC), an FDA-approved anti-malarial drug, has shown to have anticancer activities. Due to its‘shotgun’ nature, QC has become an inevitable candidate for combination chemotherapy. There is lack of studyof the molecular interplay between colorectal cancer (CRC) microenvironment and its metastasis. In this study,we focused on the differential anti-cancerous effect of QC on two different human cancer cell lines, HCT 116and INT 407. Results suggest that cytotoxicity increased in both the cell lines with an increase in QCconcentration. The expression patterns of small-GTPases and caspases were altered significantly in QC-treatedcells compared to non-treated cells. HSP70 and p53 showed comparable differences in the expression pattern.The wound-healing assay showed an increase in the denuded zone, with an increase in the concentration ofQC. The formation of apoptotic nuclei increased with a rise in the concentration of QC in both the cell lines.The decrease and increase in caspase 9 and caspase 3 expression respectively were studied, confirmingapoptosis by the extrinsic pathway

Beta-lactamase and integron-associated antibiotic resistance genes of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from Tilapia fishes (Oreochromis niloticus)

Tilapia fishes (Oreochromis niloticus) are commonly consumed and exported in Thailand. Bacterial isolation anddrug resistance from farmed tilapia fished in Thailand were previously reported. This study was purposed to studyon the distribution of human pathogenic bacteria in tilapia fishes, which were collected from Thai farms (n = 180)and fresh markets (n = 160) by identification, antibiotic susceptibility test; and conduct to identify virulence genesby molecular technique. Pathogen isolations were collected from internal organs of fish samples for identificationand test of antibiotic susceptibility according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) criteria. blaCTX-Mand Int1 genes detection of antibiotic resistance bacteria was performed by molecular based techniques. Klebsiellapneumoniae, Edwardsiella tarda, and coagulase-negative Staphylococci were most frequent bacteria isolated fromfarming tilapia fishes, respectively. However, Escherichia coli, coagulase-negative Staphylococci, and K. pneumoniawere frequently distributed from tilapia fishes in markets of Bangkok area. Klebsiella pneumoniae, E. coli, and Proteusmirabilis were resisted to penicillin and ampicillin. Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most important isolated bacteria dueto the distribution in tilapia fishes and positive for blaCTX-M and Int1 gene detection. However, E. coli and P. mirabiliswere lack of blaCTX-M and Int1 genes, possibly there may reserve other antibiotic resistance genes

Dissemination of insertion sequence common regions 1 and int1 gene and drug resistance of 483 Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia broiler isolates / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To investigate and analyze distribution characteristics of two multidrug resistance related genes in broiler isolates in Shandong province.@*Methods@#The pre slaughter broilers were chosen from Shandong province in this study in June, 2014. A total of 400 fecal samples from five different zones (east, south, west, north and middle) of the hen house were collected. 373(77.2%) Escherichia coli and 110 (22.8%) Klebsiella pneumonia strains were isolated, and ISCR1 and int1 gene were detected by PCR assay and sequencing. The resistance to 10 drugs belonging to 8 classes antimicrobial drugs were obtained by using minimal broth dilution method and data analysis. The difference between isolates and drug resistance profiles was analyzed.@*Results@#Among 483 isolates, 440 isolates (91.1%), 126 isolates (26.1%) and 126 isolates (26.1%) were detected as int1, ISCR1 and both two gene carriers, respectively. The rate of 37 E. coli isolates not carried ISCR1 or int1 gene resistant to 0 to 2, 3 to 5, 6 to 8 classes antimicrobial agents was 13.5% (n=5), 78.4% (n=29), and 8.1% (n=3), respectively; the rate of 288 only int1 gene E. coli carriers resistant to 0 to 2, 3 to 5, 6 to 8 groups antimicrobial agents was 2.4% (n=7), 74.7% (n=215), and 22.9% (n=6), respectively. The data above showed significant difference (P<0.001). The rate of 26 only int1 gene K. pneumonia carriers resistant to 0 to 2, 3 to 5, 6 to 8 classes antimicrobial agents was 11.5% (n=3), 76.9% (n=20), and 11.5% (n=3), respectively; the rate of 78 both two gene K. pneumonia carriers resistant to0 to 2, 3 to 5, 6 to 8 groups antimicrobial agents was 0, 35.9% (n=28), and 64.1% (n=50), respectively. The data above showed significant difference (P<0.001).@*Conclusion@#Gene int1 and ISCR1 showed high prevalence in E. coli and K. pneumonia isolates. High level multi-drug resistance profile could be mediated by int1 and ISCR1 gene co-existence.

Regulatory effects of the bile acid membrane receptor TGR5 on FN and TGF-β1 in rat glomerular mesangial cells cultured under high glucose condition / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the expression of G protein-coupled receptor TGR5 and its effects on FN and TGF-β1 expression cultured under high glucose condition in rat glomerular mesangial cells , and then to explore the role of TGR5 in diabetic nephropathy. Methods INT-777 and TGR5 plasmid were used to activate TGR5 under high glucose(HG,30 mmol·L - 1 glucose ) condition, and anti-TGR5 small interfering RNA(TGR5 siRNA) was used to knock down TGR5. The protein expression of FN and TGF-β1 in rat me-sangial cells was detected by Western blot. Results TGR5 could be detected in rat glomerular mesangial cells. Both FN and TGF-β1 protein levels could be in-creased by high glucose compared with control group(P < 0. 05),and be inhibited by activiation of TGR5(P <0. 05). On the other hand,knockdown of TGR5 could increase FN and TGF-β1 protein to abnormal levels(P< 0. 01,P < 0. 05). Conclusion TGR5 suppresses HG-induced FN and TGF-β1 expression in rat glomer-ular mesangial cells,suggesting a protective role in the process of diabetic nephropathy.

LC-MS/MS characterization of tissue distribution of INT131 and rosiglitazone / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective: To develop a quantitative LC-MS/MS method for characterization of the tissue distribution of rosiglitazone and INT131 in C57BL/6 fat mice. Methods: A LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for quantitative determination of rosiglitazone and INT131 in plasma and tissue samples. The sensitivity, recovery, accuracy and precision of the method were proved to meet the requirement of the study. After a single intragastric dose of the drugs, plasma, muscle, liver and several fat tissues samples were collected separately from C57BL/6 fat mice at prescheduled time points. The drug concentrations in the samples were analyzed and compared. The plasma and tissue concentrations were determined and compared. Results: At 0.5 h after dosing, rosiglitazone reached the peak concentration in plasma and all the tissues. The order of its concentration in the samples was plasma > intra-abdominal white fat > subcutaneous white fat > liver > shoulder blade brown fat > skeletal muscle. INT131 showed a different distribution pattern from rosiglitazone. The peak level of INT131 in plasma and liver appeared at 0.5 h. However, its distribution to the adipose tissues and skeletal muscle was remarkably slower than that of rosiglitazone with the peak levels at 4 h. The order of its 4 h concentration in the samples was intra-abdominal white fat > subcutaneous white fat > shoulder blade brown fat > plasma > liver > skeletal muscle. The elimination of INT131 from the tissues was very slow. At 12 h after dosing, the drug concentrations in fat tissues remained at a relatively high level. In the case of intra-abdominal white fat, the tissue concentration was about 10-fold of that in plasma, respectively. When compared to rosiglitazone, significantly higher concentrations for INT131 were seen in intra-abdominal white fat, subcutaneous white fat, shoulder blade brown fat, skeletal muscle and liver at 4 and 12 h. Conclusion: Comparing to rosiglitazone, INT131 shows high distribution capacity in tissues of fat, skeletal muscle and liver. The result suggests that the pharmacological property of INT131 may be associated with its characteristic distribution pattern.

Intubación nasotraqueal con ‘videolaringoscopio artesanal’ en paciente con vía aérea dificultosa prevista

RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar un caso de vía aérea dificultosa prevista que requirió intubación nasotraqueal (INT) para cirugía maxilofacial, y se resolvió con un laringoscopio convencional modificado mediante el agregado de una mini cámara. Paciente de sexo femenino de 68 años, coordinada para osteosíntesis de maxilar inferior y órbita con INT. Antecedentes: neoplasma de mama operado. Fumadora intensa. Traumatismo encéfalocraneano 3 semanas antes, con fractura de peñasco y sin lesiones parenquimatosas. Parálisis facial periférica secundaria al trauma. Del examen se destaca: desviación de rasgos a izquierda, parálisis de Bell, apertura bucal disminuida (2,5 cm), Mallampati IV, flexo-extensión de cuello limitada, distancias conservadas. Se preparó la narina derecha con solución de adrenalina aplicada con torundas. Premedicación con Fentanil 2 mg/kg, preoxigenación al 100%, inducción con propofol. Se comprobó una buena permeabilidad de la narina derecha digitalmente, por lo que se pasó una sonda endotraqueal (SET) 7.0 hasta atravesar los cornetes; laringoscopía con pala curva número 3 preparada con una cámara de 7 mm (7 mm USB Endoscope, Welsky Technologies Limited) pegada en el extremo distal, conectada a una notebook en la cual se visualizaron las estructuras. No se administró relajante muscular hasta lograr la intubación. Al visualizar las cuerdas vocales en la pantalla, se progresó la SET en la vía aérea sin necesidad de utilizar pinza de Magill. Conclusión: el laringoscopio modificado con el agregado de una cámara y bajo visión en una pantalla fue efectivo para realizar la INT y resolver esta situación de vía aérea dificultosa prevista.

SUMMARY The objective of this work was to analyze a case of expected difficult airway that required nasotracheal intubation (INT) for maxillofacial surgery, which was resolved with a traditional laryngoscope modified by the addition of a mini-camera. Female patient, 68 years of age, scheduled for osteosynthesis of jaw and orbit with INT. History: operation of breast cancer. Heavy smoker. Traumatic brain injury 3 weeks before, with petrous bone fracture and no parenchymal injuries. Peripheral facial paralysis secondary to trauma. Examination shows: features deviation to the left, Bell's palsy, reduced mouth opening (2.5 cm), Mallampati IV, limited flexion and extension of the neck, distances are preserved. Right nostril was prepared with adrenaline solution applied with swabs. Premedication with Fentanyl 2 g/kg, preoxygenation at 100%, induction with propofol. Good permeability of right nostril was confirmed by digital examination, allowing to insert a 7.0 endotracheal tube (ETT) until passing through the turbinate bones; laryngoscopy with #3 curved blade equipped with a 7 mm camera (7 mm USB Endoscope, Welsky Technologies Limited) at the distal tip, connected to a notebook wherein structures were visualized. No muscle relaxant was administered until intubation was completed. ETT was introduced after visualizing the vocal cords on the screen; Magill forceps were not used. Conclusion: the laryngoscope modified by the addition of a camera for visualization on a monitor screen was effective to carry out INT and manage this expected difficult airway situation.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar um caso de previsão de via aérea difícil que requereu intubacão nasotraqueal (INT) para cirurgia maxilofacial, que foi solucionado com um laringoscópio convencional modificado mediante o acoplamento de uma câmera. Paciente do sexo feminino de 68 anos, marcada para realizar osteossintese do maxilar inferior e orbita com INT. Antecedentes. Operada de neoplasia de mama. Tabagista intensa. Traumatismo encefalocrãniano há 3 semanas, com fratura de rochedo e sem lesões parenquimatosas. Paralisia facial periférica secundaria ao trauma. Do exame destaca-se : desvio de simetria facial a esquerda, paralisia de Bell, abertura bucal diminuída (2.5 cm) Mallampatti IV, flexo-extensão do pescoço limitada, distancias conservadas. Preparou-se a narina direita com solução de adrenalina aplicada em torundas. Premedicação com Fentanil 2 µg /kg, pré-oxigenacão a 100%, indução com Propofol. Comprovou-se boa permeabilidade da narina direita digitalmente, pela qual se introduziu uma sonda endotraqueal (SET) 7.0 até atravessar os cornetos , laringoscopia com lamina curva numero 3 preparada com uma câmera de 7 mm (7 mm USB Endoscope , Welsky Technologies Limited) acoplada ao extremo distal, conectada a um notebook no qual se visualizaram as estruturas. Não se administrou relaxante muscular ate que houve-se sucesso na intubação. Ao visualizar as cordas vocais na tela, se progrediu a SET na via aérea sem necessidade de utilização de pinça de Magill. Conclusão: o laringoscópio modificado com uma câmera acoplada e visualização numa tela foi efetivo para realizar a INT e resolver essa situação de previsão de via aérea difícil.

Aplicación de slles de tetrazolio de nueva geneación (xtt) para la estimación de la densidad de microorganismos degradadores de hidrocarburos empleando la técnica del número más poobable / Application of the New Generation Tetrazolium Salt (XTT) for the Enumeration of Hydrocarbon Degrading Microorganisms Using the Most Probable Number Method

El presente estudio evaluó el desempeño de dos sales de tetrazolio, una tradicional: INT y una de nueva generación: XTT, para estimar la densidad de microorganismos degradadores de hidrocarburos (HCs) en suelos empleando la técnica del Número Más Probable (NMP). Se analizaron 96 muestras de suelo provenientes de la Ecorregión Cafetera de Colombia. Los microorganismos fueron recuperados en agar mínimo de sales en atmósfera saturada de HCs y la capacidad degradadora fue confirmada por repiques sucesivos utilizando diesel como fuente de carbono. No se observaron diferencias significativas en los recuentos de microorganismos degradadores obtenidos con las dos sales (t de Student, p < 0,05), pero el XTT permitió mejor visualización de los pozos positivos dada la solubilidad del producto reducido, mientras que el INT produjo precipitación, debido al formazán insoluble generado, dificultando su lectura. Se obtuvo un mayor porcentaje de aislamientos empleando XTT (67%), lo cual podría indicar que el tipo de sal es determinante en la viabilidad de estas bacterias. Adicionalmente, se evaluó el límite de detección celular, las condiciones óptimas de concentración de XTT y el tiempo de incubación necesario para la detección de actividad degradadora utilizando la cepa Acinetobacter sp. El aumento en la concentración de XTT de 0,5 mM a 2 mM y el tiempo de incubación tuvieron un efecto inhibitorio y favorable respectivamente, en la recuperación de células viables, adicionalmente, límite de detección de la técnica fue de 10² UFC/ml.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of two tetrazolium indicators: a traditional one: INT and a new generation one: XTT, for the estimation of hydrocarbon (HC) degrading microorganism s density using the Most Probable Number Technique (MPN). Ninety six composite soil samples were taken and analyzed from Ecorregión Cafetera Colombiana. Degrading microorganisms were recovered in minimum salt medium with saturated HC atmosphere. Degrading HC capacity of the microorganisms was confirmed by successive subcultures in the same medium using diesel as only carbon source. Counts obtained with the two salts were not significantly different (Student t test, p < 0,05) but XTT allowed an easier visualization of positive wells due to product solubility of the reduce product. A greater percentage of isolates was obtained using XTT (67%), which suggests that salt type is relevant for recovering of these microorganisms. Additionally, cell detection limit, optimal conditions of XTT concentration and incubation times for detection of activity were evaluated. This evaluation was performed by means of microplate format for hydrocarbon degrading microorganisms using Acinetobacter sp. An inhibitory effect was observed in the recovering of cultivable cells when XTT concentrations increased from 0,5 mM to 2 mM. Incubation time favored this recovering. Detection limit of this technique was established at 10² UFC/ml. Production of the XTT-formazan was positively related with initial cell concentration and negatively with incubation time.

Aminoglycosides Modifying Enzyme Genes and intⅠ gene in Stenotrophomonas maltoplilia / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To study the aminoglycosides modifying enzyme genes and intⅠ gene in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in Chinese Armed Police Forces General Hospital.METHODS The samples of 27 multi-resistant S.maltophilia were collected from inpatiens from Jan 2006 to Oct 2007 in this Hospital.The sensitivity of the isolates to 14 antibacterial agents was determined using a broth induction method.The aminoglycosides modifying enzyme genes and intⅠ 1 gene were detected by PCR.RESULTS The multi-drug resistance of S.maltophilia was a serious problem.In 27 strains of S.maltophilia,the positive ant(2″)-Ⅰ were in 5 strains(18.5%),aac(3)-Ⅱ in 3 strains(11.1%)and aac(6')-Ⅱ in 1 strain(3.7%).The positive intⅠ gene was found in 11 strains(29.6%).CONCLUSIONS Multi-resistant S.maltophilia resistant to aminoglycosides mainly due to the presence of aminoglycoside modifying enzymes ant(2″)-Ⅰ,aac(3)-Ⅱ and aac(6')-Ⅱ.The aminoglycoside modifying enzymes ant(3″)-Ⅰ and aac(6)-ⅠZ were not detected carrying IntⅠ would be the reason of S.maltophilia resistant to aminoglycosides.

Relationship Between qacE△1-sul1 Gene and IntⅠ1 Gene and Multidrug Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates from Children / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate the disinfectant-sulfanilamide resistance gene(qacE△1-sul1)and integrase gene(IntⅠ1)of Acinetobacter baumannii(ABA)isolated in pediatric clinic and analyze the relationship between these genes and multidrug resistance.METHODS Twenty eight strains of A.baumannii were collected and isolated from the sputum culture in the deep trachea of children with pneumonia during 2006.Identification of bacteria and susceptibility test by VITEK-32 automicroscan using GNI and GNS cards,were undertaken,qacE△1-sul1 gene and IntⅠ1 gene were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).RESULTS Three of 28 strains of A.baumannii showed multidrug resistance,the positive rate was 10.71%.A.baumannii 4 strains were resistant to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim(SXT)with the positive rate 14.29%.Eleven strains that carrying qacE△1-sul1 genes and 4 strains carrying IntⅠ1 genes were detected,the positive rate was 39.29% and 14.29%,and qacE△1-sul1 and IntⅠ1 genes positive strains of A.baumannii were resistant to SXT,the other 7 qacE△1-sul1 positive strains were sensitive to SXT.CONCLUSIONS The main drug resistance in ABA resistant to SXT is to obtain qacE△1-sul1 gene.It should be paid attention to qacE△1-suⅠ1 positive but sensitive to SXT strains.It indicates that the strain carrying integron Ⅰ may show multidrug resistance.

Beta-lactamase Gene and intⅠ1 Gene in ESBLs-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate the beta-lactamase gene and intⅠ1 gene in ESBLs-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae.METHODS Beta-lactamase gene and intⅠ1 gene were analyzed by PCR.RESULTS The positive rates of TEM,SHV,OKP,CTX-M-1group,CTX-M-2group,CTX-M-9group,GES,PER,VEB,OXA-10,ACT-1,LEN,DHA,and intⅠ1 were 51.4%,0%,0%,17.1%,0%,11.4%,0%,0%,0%,0%,0%,5.7%,17.1%,and 60%,respectively.Beta-lactamase gene was found in 62.9%,intⅠ1 gene was found in 60%.CONCLUSIONS There are very high positive percentages of beta-lactamase gene and intⅠ1 gene in ESBLs-producing K.pneumoniae.

A clinical analysis of 145cases of femoral intertrochanteric fracture with close reduction and in-tramedullary nail fixation / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of Gamma nail,PFN(proximal femoral nail)and recon-struction nail fixation in treatmen t of intertrochanteric fractures an d problems regarding the operative t echnique.Methods This study reviews the X-ray films an d complications of one hundred forty-five cases of in-tertrochanteric fractures treated with intramedullary nail at Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from March 1998t o October2001.Results All cases healed ,one case died eight months postoperatively.The distal fragment was broken intraoperatively in two cases.Ante roposterior and lateral and rotatio n displacement occured intraoperatively in fifteen cases.Limb discrepancy over one centimeter occurred in five cases.Conclusion Intramedullary nail is a good device to treat intertrochante ric fractures with vartous coxa varu s the common complication.Skillful in-tramedullary nail technique is the k ey to decrease the complications.In cidence of coxa varus in the stable ty peⅡis less than that in the unstable typeⅠafter the treatment.[

Amplification of int-2 in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Adjacent Mucosa / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It is important to identify potential biomarkers of tumorigenesis that can be utilized on histologically normal epithelia to determine the level of risk of tumor development. With the goal of possibly identifying a biomarker for the process of development of head and neck cancer, the amplification of int-2 was observed in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fluorescence in situ hybridization using cosmid int-2 probe was performed on paraffin-embedded specimens from tumor and tumor-adjacent and tumor-distant epithelia of 20 patients. Buccal mucosa of cancer-free subjects who smoked and did not smoke cigarettes were used as control. Dot blot hybridization using digoxigenin-labeled int-2 probe was also performed on the frozen tissue from tumor and tumor-adjacent epithelia of 14 patients. RESULTS: In in situ hybridization, buccal epithelia of cancer-free subjects who smoked and did not smoke cigarettes, and tumor-distant epithelia of the patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma showed no int-2 amplification. However, eleven of tumor tissue (55%) and five of tumor-adjacent epithelia (25%) in 20 cases showed int-2 amplification. In dot blot hybridization, five tumor tissue (35.7%) and 2 tumor-adjacent epithelia (14.3%) in 14 cases, of which tumor tissue were all found to have int-2 amplification, showed int-2 amplification. CONCLUSION: The amplification of int-2 in the tumor tissue and the tumor-adjacent epithelia of the same cases supports the concept of field cancerization or clonal extension. Such genotype parameters may provide a genetic basis for the development of early recurrence or second primary tumors after therapeutic treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.

A Case of Juvenile Dermatomyositis Treated with Intravenous Gammaglobulin / 대한피부과학회지

Dermatomyositis is an inflammatory muscular disease of presumed autoimmune origin. Many possible interventions are available to treat patients with these conditions including corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs, plasnapheresis, and total body irradiation. But these therapies are not always effective, and they may be associated with certain serious side effects. Recently polyvalent. intravenous gammaglohulin(IVGG) has been tried with success in inflammatory myopathies after failure of traditional treatment We report a 8-year-old female patient with juvenile dermatomyositis who improved dramatically after alternative IVGG treatment due to side effects of steroid.

Balloon Catheter Dilatation and Internal Stent Placement in Treating Takayasu's Arteritis with Carotid Arterial Stenosis / 介入放射学杂志

Purpose:To evaluate the feasibility of balloon catheter dilatation and internal stent placement in the treatment of Takayasu's arterial stenosis.Materials and Methods:Three patients with stenosis of common carotid arteries caused by Takayasu' s disease were treated with PTA by balloon catheter and intravaseular stent placement,the lenghs of stenosis were all beyond 8cm.Balloon angioplasty was performed in one patient,the others were treated with Wallstent stents after PTA.Result:Immediately after treatment,angiography and ultrasound showed that the proportion of stenosis was zero and all appeared to achieve in good result.The artery treated with PTA was completely occluded after 1 year follow-up;the other two patients with stents placement were also examined by angiography and ultrasound at 4,5 months and 4 months respectively after the praeedure.For the patient with left carotid artery stenosis,the proximal part of the segment with the intravascular stent showed a restenosis;the other patient was normal.Conclusion:We considered that intravascular stent placement be might to the treatment for Takayacu' s arteritis with long segment stenosis of common carotid artery.

Interactions between angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and aspirin / 中国药理学通报

Both aspirin and angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE)inhi bi tors are often used concomitantly in patients with cardiovascular disease.The s afety of the combination has been questioned. The potential antagonistic interac tions between ACE inhibitors and aspirin has become the focus of both increasing research and intense debate,with conflicting conclusions havin g been reported in the literature.We reviewed systematically available literatu re on the interactions between ACE inhibitors and aspirin in hyper- tension,acute myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure and found that further trials are needed to shed light on the effects and mechanism of interaction between these drugs.