Comportamiento de la maloclusión funcional e interferencias oclusales en niños con dentición mixta

Introducción: las interferencias oclusales no controladas precozmente pueden producir desviación de la mandíbula en sentido anteroposterior o transversal. El manejo de las mordidas cruzadas se debe iniciar en el momento del diagnóstico, preferiblemente en edades tempranas, con el fin de tratarlas en el nivel primario de prevención. Objetivo: determinar el comportamiento de la maloclusión funcional causada por interferencias oclusales en niños con dentición mixta de la Escuela Primaria Mártires del Corynthia, entre octubre de 2019 y junio de 2021. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal en la Escuela Primaria Mártires del Corynthia, del Área de Salud José Jacinto Milanés, del municipio de Matanzas, entre octubre de 2019 y junio de 2021. El universo estuvo conformado por 66 niños. Se utilizó una planilla de recolección de datos y se solicitó el consentimiento informado a los tutores de los niños. Resultados: las edades donde los niños presentaron mayor afectación fueron de 6 a 7 años y de 8 a 9 años, ambos rangos con un 10,6 %. El 27,3 % presentó interferencias oclusales y mordida cruzada posterior unilateral. El 48,5 % fue del sexo femenino y el 30,3 % tenían edades de 6 a 7 años. El 71,2 % eran simétricos y presentaron mordida cruzada posterior unilateral. Los simétricos y con línea media coincidente representaron un 36,4 %. Conclusiones: la maloclusión funcional más frecuente en niños con dentición mixta fue la mordida cruzada posterior unilateral, que se relacionó de manera directa con las interferencias oclusales. Las asimetrías faciales y la línea media desviada estuvieron asociadas a dicha maloclusión.

Introduction: early uncontrolled occlusal interferences can produce anterior-posterior jaw deflection. Management of cross-bites should be initiated at the time of diagnosis, preferably at early ages, in order to treat them at the primary level of prevention. Objective: to determine the behavior of functional malocclusion caused by occlusal interferences in children with mixed dentition from the Martires del Corynthia primary school between October 2019 and June 2021. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study was carried out at the Martires del Corynthia Primary School, of the Jose Jacinto Milanes Health Area, Matanzas municipality, between October 2019 and June 2021. The universe consisted of 66 children. A data collection form was used and informed consent was requested from the children's guardians. Results: the ages where the children presented more affectation were from 6 to 7 years and from 8 to 9 years, both ranges with 10.6%. 27.3% presented occlusal interferences and posterior unilateral cross-bite. 48.5% were female and 30.3% were 6 to 7 years old. 71.2% were symmetrical and presented unilateral posterior cross-bite. Symmetric patients and with a coincident midline represented 36.4%. Conclusions: the most frequent functional malocclusion in children with mixed dentition was the unilateral posterior cross-bite, which was related to occlusal interferences in a direct way. Facial asymmetries and a deviated midline were associated with the before mentioned malocclusion.

A comparative study based on the mandibular movement track and the movement parameters of the virtual articulator in simulating occlusal adjustment / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#This study aimed to compare the effects of virtual adjustment on occlusal interferences in mandibular posterior single crown and three-unit bridge restorations by using the mandibular movement track and the movement parameters of a virtual articulator.@*METHODS@#Twenty-two participants were recruited. Digital casts of the maxillary and mandibular arches were obtained using an intraoral scanner, and the jaw registration system was used to record the data of the mandibular movement track and the movement parameters of the articulator. Four kinds of restorations with 0.3 mm occlusal interferences were designed with dental design software. In particular, single crowns were designed for teeth 44 and 46, whereas three-unit bridges were designed for teeth 44-46 and 45-47, and the corresponding natural teeth were virtually extracted. Virtual adjustment of the restorations was performed using two dynamic occlusal recordings, namely, the mandibular movement track and the movement parameters of the virtual articulator. A reverse-engineering software was used to measure the root-mean-square of the three-dimensional deviation of the occlusal surfaces between natural teeth and the adjusted restorations. The differences between the two methods of virtual-occlusion adjustment were compared and analyzed.@*RESULTS@#For the same group of restorations, the three-dimensional deviation of the mandibular movement track group were lower than those of the virtual articulator group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). For the four groups of restorations adjusted by the same method, the three-dimensional deviation of the 46-tooth single crown was the largest and the smallest three-dimensional deviation was that of the 44-tooth single crown. Statistical differences existed between the 44-tooth single crown and the other groups (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#For the occlusal design of posterior single crown and three-unit bridge, the mandibular movement track could be a more effective approach to virtual occlusal adjustment than the movement parameters of the virtual articulator.

Una verdad con muchos interrogantes: preguntas incómodas sobre las cifras oficiales del conflicto armado en Colombia / A Truth with Many Questions: Uneasy Questions about the Official Figures on the Armed Conflict in Colombia

Resumen Las cifras suelen revestirse con un manto de veracidad y contundencia que pocos replican porque se piensa que éstas son un reflejo de la realidad y que los datos son meras agregaciones de hechos constatables. Este artículo hace preguntas incómodas a cuatro cifras oficiales del conflicto armado y revela sus implicaciones en las luchas por la verdad. Su énfasis se pone en cómo los contextos, los mediadores y las decisiones metodológicas interfieren en la producción de datos y cómo la presentación de estos condiciona el debate público por las responsabilidades y las víctimas del conflicto armado.

Abstract Figures are often cloaked in a mantle of veracity and forcefulness, which few people replicate because they are thought to be a reflection of reality and the data are mere aggregations of verifiable facts. This article asks uncomfortable questions of four official figures of the armed conflict, and it reveals their implications for struggles for truth. Its emphasis is on how contexts, mediators, and methodological decisions interfere with the production of data and how the presentation of these data constrains the public debate over responsibilities and victims of the armed conflict.

Interference of cold agglutinin autoantibodies in erythrogram interpretation: a case report and literature review / Interferências das crioaglutininas na interpretação do eritrograma: relato de caso com revisão da literatura

ABSTRACT The erythrogram is one of the components of the blood count that includes red blood cell (RBC) quantification and evaluation. A correct interpretation and validation of the results obtained in an erythrogram require experience and critical awareness of health professionals. It is imperative to evaluate the interference of physiological variables, collection procedures, manipulation of samples and endogenous variables (such as the presence of cold agglutinin autoantibodies), since these may falsify the results obtained. Cold agglutinin autoantibodies are predominantly immunoglobulin type M (IgM), which cause agglutination of RBC at temperatures below 37°C, and may appear in cases of autoimmune hemolytic anemia and atypical pneumonia, among other pathologies. The presence of erythrocyte agglutination interferes with RBC and reticulocyte counts, determination of the globular volume and the blood count indices. A set of laboratorial procedures may be performed in order to eliminate the interference of these agglutinins in the results of the erythrogram. If these procedures do not correct the values obtained, the only result of the erythrogram that can be validated is hemoglobin, since the remaining results are falsified due to the presence of cold agglutinin autoantibodies.

RESUMO O eritrograma é um dos componentes do hemograma que inclui a quantificação e a avaliação eritrocitária. Uma correta interpretação e validação dos resultados obtidos em um eritrograma requer experiência e sentido crítico dos profissionais de saúde. Torna-se imperativo avaliar a interferência de variáveis fisiológicas e de colheita, a manipulação das amostras e as variáveis endógenas (como a presença de crioaglutininas), uma vez que estas podem falsear os resultados obtidos. As crioaglutininas são autoanticorpos predominantemente do tipo imunoglobulina da classe M (IgM), as quais provocam aglutinação dos eritrócitos a temperaturas inferiores a 37°C, podendo aparecer em casos de anemia hemolítica autoimune e pneumonias atípicas, entre outras patologias. A presença de aglutinação eritrocitária interfere na contagem de eritrócitos, reticulócitos, determinação do volume globular e dos índices hematimétricos. Laboratorialmente, existe um conjunto de procedimentos que podem ser executados de modo a eliminar a interferência dessas aglutininas nos resultados do eritrograma. Caso esses procedimentos não corrijam os valores obtidos, o único resultado do eritrograma que poderá ser validado é o da hemoglobina, visto que os resultados restantes estão falseados devido à presença de crioaglutininas.

Salud mental como efecto del desarrollo psicoafectivo en la infancia / Mental health as an effect on childhood emotional development

Resumen Objetivo: Comprender cómo el concepto de salud mental se relaciona con las nociones de interferencias en el desarrollo y recuperación psicoafectiva. Método: El presente artículo tiene como método la revisión documental. Es un estudio sistemático, metódico y organizado de textos, artículos y documentos sobre el tema estableciendo un análisis del concepto de salud mental como efecto del desarrollo psicoafectivo a la luz de la teoría psicodinámica, y las categorías analíticas corresponden al concepto de salud mental, interferencias en el desarrollo y recuperación psicoafectiva. Resultados: La salud mental en la infancia y adolescencia es una preocupación reciente, pues se ha incrementado la incidencia de trastornos mentales en esta población. Las interferencias en el desarrollo se constituyen como dificultades en el curso esperado del desarrollo infantil repercutiendo en la salud mental. En Colombia, niños, niñas y adolescentes se ven expuestos a problemáticas que alteran el desarrollo psicoafectivo e impiden el despliegue de las potencialidades humanas y la consolidación de la personalidad. Conclusión: Se comprende que la salud mental es el efecto de los procesos de integración madurativo-constitucionales, mientras que las interferencias en el desarrollo como: abuso, maltrato, negligencia, abandono, entre otras, representan alteraciones en dicho proceso, pues afectan las condiciones biopsicosociales de los niños y niñas, por lo que la recuperación psicoafectiva se propone como una posibilidad para reestablecer la salud emocional y el balance óptimo indispensable para la superación de la adversidad y el curso esperado del desarrollo.

Abstract Objective: To understand the relationship between mental health, notions of development interference and emotional development. Method: This paper has a documentary research method. It is based on a systematic, methodic and organized study of texts, articles and documents about the subject through a psychodynamic theory, it was established an analysis of the concept of mental health as an effect of emotional development and analytic categories, development interference and emotional recovery. Results: Because of the statistics of mental disorders increasing on infancy and adolescences, mental health is a recent worry. The development interferences as difficulties on normal child development are associated to the loss of mental health during infancy. In Colombia, children and adolescences are exposed to problems which affect their emotional development and block the deployment of human potentialities and the consolidation of personality. Conclusion: As a result, mental health is then known as the result of the maturating-constitutional process, meanwhile the development interferences such as: abuse, mistreatment, negligence, neglect, among others, represent alterations in this maturating-constitutional process because all of them affects the child bio-psychosocial conditions, also according to these damages the emotional recovery turn into a proposal to restore the emotional health and the optimal balance necessary to overcome the adversity and promote the normal development on infancy.

Estudio comparativo de la determinación de vitamina D por dos inmunoensayos / Comparative study of the determination of vitamin D by two immunoassays / Estudo comparativo da determinação de vitamina D por dois imunoensaios

La vitamina D es un metabolito que tiene gran importancia en la actualidad, debido al descubrimiento de nuevas funciones. La mejor manera de medir los niveles de vitamina D en el organismo es medir los niveles de 25(OH)vitamina D, pero hoy en día no existe estandarización entre métodos y, por lo tanto, existe gran variabilidad entre ellos. En los laboratorios clínicos los métodos más utilizados son los inmunoensayos y sólo ADVIA Centaur Vitamina D Total assay e IDS-iSYS 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D pasaron la primera fase del Vitamin D Standardization Certification Program (VDSCP) diseñado por el Centre for Diseases Control (CDC). En este estudio se compararon estos 2 inmunoensayos, pero a pesar de haber pasado la primera fase del VDSCP los resultados reflejaron que sigue existiendo variabilidad entre métodos y, por lo tanto, no son intercambiables, siendo necesario definir valores de referencia para cada método a la espera que el proceso de estandarización termine y exista buena correlación entre los diferentes métodos.

Currently, Vitamin D is a highly important metabolite as a result of the discovery of its new functions. The best way to measure the levels of vitamin D in the body is by measuring the levels of 25(OH)vitamin D, but currently there is no standardization between methods and therefore there is a great variability between them. In clinical laboratories, immunoassays are the most used methods, and only ADVIA Centaur Vitamin D Total assay© and IDS-iSYS 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D©passed the first phase of the VDSCP designed by the CDC. In this research study, these 2 immunoassays were compared, and although both passed the first phase of the VDSCP, the results showed that there still exists variability between methods. Therefore, they are not interchangeable, being it necessary to define some reference values for each method until the standardization method is finishe, and there is a good correlation between methods.

A vitamina D é um metabólito que tem muita importância na atualidade, devido ao achado de novas funções. A melhor maneira de medir os níveis de vitamina D no organismo é medir os níveis de 25(OH)vitamina D, mas hoje em dia não existe padronização entre métodos e, por isso, existe uma grande variabilidade entre eles. Nos laboratórios clínicos, os métodos mais utilizados são os imunoensaios e só a ADVIA Centaur Vitamina D Total assay e IDS-iSYS 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D, passaram a primeira fase do Vitamin D Standardization Certification Program (VDSCP) desenhado pelo Centre for diseases control (CDC). No estudo foram comparados esses dois imunoensaios, porém, apesar de ter passado a primeira fase do VDSCP os resultados mostraram que continua existindo variabilidade entre métodos e, por isso, não são intercambiáveis, sendo necessário definir valores de referência para cada método à espera de que o processo de padronização finalize, e exista boa correlação entre os diferentes métodos.

Métodos de tiroglobulina de primera y segunda generación: su utilidad en pacientes con cáncer diferenciado de tiroides / First and second generation thyroglobulin measurement methods: Their usefulness in patients with thyroid cancer

El cáncer diferenciado de tiroides (CDT) es el cáncer endocrinológico más frecuente y en las últimas décadas su incidencia ha aumentado. El seguimiento de la enfermedad se efectúa con la medición de tiroglobulina (Tg) sérica, ecografía cervical y barrido corporal total diagnóstico. Los métodos de Tg han evolucionado a través del tiempo. Actualmente, los ensayos inmunométricos de Tg se clasifican en 1.ª y 2.ª generación (1.ª G y 2.ª G). Comprobamos que los ensayos de 2.ª G alcanzan una precisión adecuada para medir valores del orden de 0,1 ng/ml y los de 1.ª G de 1 ng/ml. La bibliografía señala que en el caso de los pacientes de bajo riesgo, una Tg bajo levotiroxina indetectable por un método de 2.ª G puede evitar la realización de Tg estimulada, sea por la suspensión de la terapia hormonal como por el empleo de la TSH recombinante humana, debido a su mayor sensibilidad. Sin embargo, por su menor especificidad, un valor detectable no asegura la presencia de enfermedad, y debería confirmarse. Para optimizar la utilidad clínica de dicha medición se podrían emplear valores de cortes de acuerdo con la población y el método en lugar de la sensibilidad funcional o límite de cuantificación del mismo. Se señalan también otros aspectos críticos en la medición de Tg como son la discordancia entre distintas metodologías y las interferencias en su medición, principalmente por anticuerpos antitiroglobulina. En presencia de interferencias pierden utilidad los ensayos de Tg de 1.ª y 2.ª G. El seguimiento de los pacientes con Tg interferida tiene limitaciones todavía no resueltas. Es importante consensuar entre médicos y bioquímicos las dificultades técnicas y los criterios de interpretación de los valores de Tg en el seguimiento de los pacientes con CDT.

Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most common endocrine cancer (tumour) and its incidence has risen in the past decades. Its follow-up includes measuring serum thyroglobulin (Tg), performing neck ultrasound and a diagnostic whole-body scan. Tg assays have evolved with time. At present immunoassays for Tg are classified as 1 st and 2 nd generation assays (1 st G and 2 nd G). 2 nd G assays show an adequate (good) precision at levels close to 0.1 ng/ml and 1 st G assays at levels close to 1 ng/ml. The literature shows that for low risk patients on levothyroxine treatment, who undetectable levels by 2 aG assays can avoid the stimulation test performed by thyroid hormone withdrawal or after recombinant human TSH, due to better sensitivity. However, due to lower specificity, detectable levels do not confirm the presence of disease (tumour), and should be confirmed. To optimise the clinical usefulness of the test, cut-off values specific for population and method should be used, instead of functional sensitivity or quantification limit. Critical issues for measuring Tg are discussed, such as non-harmonisation of methods, and interferences, mainly by antithyroglobulin antibodies (ATg). 1 st and 2 nd G assays are less useful in presence of ATg, and follow up of such patients is limited. Consensus between physicians and the laboratory on technical issues and interpretation criteria of Tg values is of outmost importance in the follow-up of DTC patients.

Trastorno conversivo en niños y adolescentes / Conversion Disorder in Children and Adolescents

Introducción: Hay una amplia experiencia en adultos que no es extrapolable a los pacientes pediátricos. Se describe en la literatura que el pronóstico de los pequeños es mejor, pero esto cambia cuando incluimos variables tales como comorbilidades, diagnóstico tardío y una imagen social de enfermedad neurológica que es muy convincente. El cuidado y la atención de estos pacientes generan muchos interrogantes. Objetivo: Revisar la literatura médica sobre las características clínicas, el diagnóstico, las comorbilidades y el tratamiento de este trastorno. Métodos:Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en MEDLINE y PubMed de las palabras clave "trastorno conversivo", "pseudocrisis", "tratamiento", "clínica", "niños" ("conversion disorder" OR hysteria OR hysterical) (children OR child OR childhood OR pediatric OR paediatric). Se incluyó en esta revisión el material de mayor relevancia encontrado. Conclusiones: El trastorno conversivo es un diagnóstico impreciso, frecuente en los servicios de pediatría de alta complejidad. En la búsqueda no se encontró consenso sobre cómo actuar en la atención de los pacientes luego del diagnóstico inicial. No es contundente que se cronifique ni es convincente la evidencia para afirmar que los factores de comorbilidad son lo que se mantiene en el tiempo. Es claro que la experiencia médica no dispone de una historia natural de este trastorno en niños y adolescentes. En cambio, se sabe que se trata de un padecimiento complejo, sobre el cual se tiene experiencia en el diagnóstico y tratamiento del estado agudo, pero no en su atención a largo plazo. Se propone que se estudie con detalle a cada paciente para definir el diagnóstico psiquiátrico y su tratamiento.

Background: Conversion disorder is diagnosed late, by exclusion and with a high risk of complications. There is a wide experience in adults that is not extrapolated to paediatric patients. According to the literature, the prognosis is better in children, but this changes when other variables such are included, such as comorbidities, late diagnosis and a very convincing social image of the neurological disease. Objective: To review the medical literature on the clinical features, diagnosis, comorbidities and treatment of this disorder. Methods: A literature research was performed on Medline and Pubmed, the terms used were "conversion disorder", pseudoseizures, treatment, clinic, children ("conversion disorder" OR hysteria OR hysterical) (child OR children OR childhood OR pediatric OR paediatric). The most relevant material found is included in this review. Conclusions: Conversion disorder is often an imprecise diagnosis in high complexity paediatric services. No consensus was found in the literature search on how to treat patients after the initial diagnosis. The evidence that it becomes chronic is not strong enough, just as the evidence is not convincing enough to argue that comorbidity factors are those maintained over time. Clearly, there is no medical experience of the natural history of this disorder in children and adolescents. It is only known is that it is a complex condition, on which there is experience only in the diagnosis and treatment of the acute state, but not so in the long-term care. It is proposed that each patient is studied in detail in order to define the psychiatric diagnosis and its treatment.

La oclusión dentaria en interacción con la postura corporal / Dental occlusion in interaction with the body posture

En décadas recientes se ha sugerido que las alteraciones en el Sistema Estomatognático como las maloclusiones, pueden influenciar completamente la postura del cuerpo. Objetivo: identificar diversas variables oclusales según su interacción con la postura corporal. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal en el período comprendido entre febrero de 2011 y marzo 2012, en el cual se seleccionó una muestra de 122 estudiantes de 3er. año en la Facultad de Estomatología, de un universo de 235, sin dientes ausentes por otra causa que no sea el tratamiento ortodóncico. Se examinó la oclusión dentaria y posteriormente se realizó el examen postural. Resultados: los pacientes con la postura Tipo C, o sea con el plano escapular posterior y la cabeza en una posición más anterior, presentaron menores valores medios de resalte, espacio libre y mayor sobrepase, 2,86; 3,33; 3,40 mm respectivamente. El 40 por ciento de los pacientes tuvo una postura Tipo B. Las interferencias oclusales en lateralidad se apreciaron en mayor medida en 66 pacientes con desequilibrio derecho de hombros y de pelvis. Conclusiones: los estudiantes con postura Tipo C, mostraron los menores valores medios de resalte, espacio libre y los que tenían la postura tipo E, el mayor sobrepase. Predominaron los pacientes con postura Tipo B y con neutroclusión. Más de la mitad de los casos con mordida cruzada presentaron un desequilibrio derecho de las pelvis(AU)

In recent decades, it has been suggested that alterations in the Stomatognathic System as malocclusions can completely influence body posture. Objective: this paper aims to identify various occlusal variables by the interaction with body posture. Methods: an observational descriptive study was conducted from February 2011 to March 2012 in which a sample of 122 students was selected from the 3rd. year at the Faculty of Dentistry in Havana, Cuba. These subjects did not have absent teeth for any other reasons than the orthodontic treatment. Dental occlusion was examined and subsequently postural examination was performed. Results: patients with type C position, that is, the posterior-rised scapular plane and forward head had lower mean values of overjet and interocclusal space but the highest overbite (2.86, 3.33, 3.40 mm respectively). 40 percent of patients had Type B. Lateral occlusal interferences were higher in 66 students with unbalance right shoulder and pelvis. Conclusions: students with Type C posture showed the lowest mean values of overjet and interocclusal space; and those who had type E posture had the higher overbite. Subjects with Type B posture and neutroclusion prevailed. More than half of the subjects with crossbite had unbalance of right pelvis(AU)

Influence of plasma interferences on screening coagulogram and performance evaluation of the automated coagulation analyzer sysmex® CS-2100i.

Background: Plasma interference is a problem for coagulation analyzers using a photo-optical detection method. Sysmex® CS-2100i is a fully-automated coagulation analyzer which has been developed to reduce this problem. Objective: To evaluate the influence of interferences on prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and fibrinogen analyzed by Sysmex® CS-2100i. The performance of this analyzer was also assessed in this study. Methods: Pooled plasma samples spiked with interfering substances including hemoglobin, bilirubin and lipid were used in the interference study. Real patients’ samples with these interferences were also tested. Control materials and pooled samples were used for precision, comparison, and carryover studies. Results: The PT, APTT, and fibrinogen could be analyzed in both plasma samples with interference added and real abnormal patients’ plasma samples. The deviation of PT, APTT, and fibrinogen levels was not obvious, except for an upward trend of fibrinogen level with increased hemoglobin. The highest %CV of PT, APTT, and fibrinogen were 1.24, 3.18, and 4.31, respectively for within-run and 2.32, 2.11, and 6.06, respectively for between-run precision analysis. The correlation coefficients of PT, APTT, and fibrinogen between Sysmex® CS-2100i and Sysmex® CA-1500 were 0.99, 0.99, and 0.98 with intra-class correlation coefficients of 0.99, 0.99, and 0.98 respectively. No significant carryover of specimen was observed. Conclusion: Sysmex® CS-2100i could analyze both samples with artificial interfering substance added and real abnormal patients’ samples. This machine also had an acceptable performance by our evaluation.

Effects of COL8A1 siRNA on the proliferation, invasion and drug sensitivity to D-limonence treatment in hepatocarcinoma cells / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective To investigate the possible effects of COL8A1 on the proliferation, invasion and drug sensitivity of murine hepatocarcinoma cell line Hca-F, we used an RNA interference (RNAi) approach to silence COL8A1 expression. Methods The expression levels of COL8A1 in HcaF/siRNA cells were assessed by RT-PCR and Western blot. The inhibitory effect of RNAi on Hca-F cell invasion in vitro was demonstrated by ECM invasion assay. The in vitro proliferative ability and drug sensitivity of COL8A1-deficient cells were determined by MTT assay. Results The expression of COL8A1 was significantly reduced in COL8A1/siRNA cells after 30h transfection, compared with both the RNAi control and the Hca-F cells. The reduced COL8A1 expression also attenuated the proliferative, invasive ability, as well as increased drug sensitivity of Hca-F/siRNA cells. Conclusion Our current results indicate that the expression of COL8A1 functionally mediates tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and drug sensitivity, and is a potential target for therapeutic anti-cancer drugs.

Evaluación de la oclusión en pacientes con trastornos temporomandibulares y desarmonías oclusales / Occlusion assessment in patients with temporomandibular disorders and occlusal disharmony

Se realizó un estudio para identificar relación que existe entre los trastornos temporomandibulares y las desarmonías oclusales. Se estudiaron 40 pacientes de ambos sexos, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 45 años, que solicitaron atención en el Servicio de Trastornos Temporomandibulares, del Departamento de Prótesis de la Facultad de Estomatología, que cumplieron los requisitos expresados para este estudio y refirieron signos y síntomas de trastornos temporomandibulares. Se analizó el comportamiento de las interferencias oclusales a los movimientos mandibulares. Se analizaron las interferencias oclusales a dichos movimientos en los modelos de estudios, montados en un articulador semiajustable. Los resultados obtenidos reflejaron un predominio en las interferencias oclusales, en los pacientes analizados con trastornos temporomandibulares. El mayor porcentaje de interferencias se encontró durante el movimiento propulsivo. Las interferencias fueron más frecuentes en el lado de no trabajo para los movimientos analizados y el grupo de molares resultó ser el más afectado, tanto para los movimientos de propulsión como de lateralidad(AU)

A study was conducted to identify the direct relation among the temporomandibular disorders and occlusal disharmonies, which always has been an attention matter by all Stomatology fields. Forty patients of both sexes were studied aged between 18 and 45 seeking care in the temporomandibular disorders service of Prosthesis Department from the Stomatology Faculty who fulfilled the expressed requirements for this type of study and presenting with signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders, thus we analyzed the occlusal interferences behavior to mandibular movements in study models, mounted in a semiadjustable articulator. Results obtained demonstrated predominance in occlusal interferences in study patients with temporomandibular disorders; the greater percentage of interferences was found during the propulsion movement which were more frequent in the non functional side for analyzed movements and molars were the more affected ones for propulsion movement and for laterality(AU)

Dosagem de hormônios por métodos imunobiológicos / Hormone measurement by immunobiological methods

A determinação da concentração circulante de hormônios por meio de imunoensaios deu início à era moderna da Endocrinologia e, desde então, esses ensaios vêm sendo aprimorados em praticamente todos os seus aspectos. Os imunoensaios são classificados como competitivos ou não competitivos. Nos métodos competitivos, o hormônio endógeno compete com um hormônio marcado pela ligação a quantidades limitadas de anticorpos específicos. Nos imunoensaios não competitivos, são utilizados pares de anticorpos complementares para capturar e detectar o hormônio de interesse. Esses ensaios são também conhecidos como ensaios sanduíche e denominados de acordo com o sistema de detecção que utilizam. Diante do aprimoramento contínuo das técnicas de imunoensaio, é importante ressaltar que o clínico não deve considerar seu resultado como evidência de diagnóstico definitivo, mas como ferramenta para auxiliar a confirmação ou excluir uma impressão clínica.

The description of immunoassays for measurement of circulating concentrations of hormones initiated the modern endocrine era. Since its initial description, immunoassay methodology has been continuously improved. Immunoassay techniques are described as either competitive or noncompetitive assays. In competitive methods the endogenous hormone competes with radiolabeled hormone for binding with limited amount of specific antibodies. Noncompetitive immunoassays use complementary pairs of antibodies to capture and detect the hormone of interest. These assays are also known as sandwich methods and are named based on the detection method used. As immunoassay techniques continues to advance it must be emphasized that clinicians should not consider their results as evidence of a definite diagnosis, but as a tool to confirm or refute a clinical impression.

Una revisión de la literatura sobre la relación causal entre los factores oclusales (FO) y los desordenes temporomandibulares (DTM) III: estudios experimentales con interferencias oclusales (IO) artificiales / A review of the literature on the causal relationshipbetween occlusal factors (OF) and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) III: experimental studies with artificial occlusal interferences (OI)

Introducción: este es el tercero de una serie de artículos que tienen como propósito presentar revisión de la literatura sobre la relación causal entre los factores oclusales (FO) y los desórdenes temporomandibulares (DTM). Métodos: en este artículo se presentaron y analizaron los estudios experimentales con interferencias oclusales (IO) artificiales, siguiendo los parámetros recomendados por Mohl. Resultados y conclusiones: el análisis de los estudios revisados en este artículo no soportó a ninguna de las IO como factor causal en el desarrollo de DTM. Aunque sí hubo asociación de ciertas IO con el desarrollo de signos o síntomas de DTM, este fue en el mejor de los casos de manera transitoria. Adicionalmente, aspectos metodológicos como el tiempo de seguimiento corto, la falta de grupos controles de la mayoría de los estudios, hace que la información arrojada por estos sea cuestionable.

Introduction: this is the third of these series of articles that have as purpose to present a literature review about the causal relationship between the occlusal factors (OF) and temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Methods: this article presents and analyzes experimental studies in which occlusal interferences (OI) were used according to parameters recommended by Mohl. Results and conclusions: the analysis reported in this article did not support any OF as causal in the development of TMD. Although there was an association of some of the OI with the development of signs and symptoms of TMD, this was, in the best of the cases, transitory. Additionally, methodological aspects such as the short follow-up time, lack of control groups in most of the studies, made the information found questionable.

Exodoncias dentarias e interferencias oclusales postratamiento ortodóncico / Dental extractions and occlusal interferences postorthodontic treatment

Se realizó un estudio de 20 pacientes egresados del Servicio de Ortodoncia de la Facultad de Estomatología de Ciudad de La Habana, cuyas edades no excedieran los 30 años. El objetivo fue evaluar la influencia de algunas variables morfológicas como la relación canina, contacto en posición de máxima intercuspidación (PMI), sobrepase y resalte. El estudio reveló el predominio de los pacientes con interferencias oclusales, que fueron más frecuentes en el grupo sin exodoncias. La mayor cantidad de pacientes presentaron neutroclusión canina, no obstante, ambos grupos presentaron un gran porcentaje de interferencias oclusales. En el grupo con exodoncias fue donde más se logró el contacto en PMI de los dientes anteriores; en todos los movimientos correspondientes las interferencias fueron más frecuentes en el área de trabajo, hubo predominio de pacientes con sobrepase canino y anterior de 1/3 de corona, pero igualmente predominaron las interferencias oclusales, principalmente en el grupo sin exodoncias(AU)

A study of 20 patients under 30 years old discharged from the Orthodontics Service of the Faculty of Stomatology of Havana City was conducted to evaluate the influence of some morphological variables as the canine relation, contact in maximum intercuspidation position (MIP), overbite and overjet. The study revealed the predominance of patients with occlusal interferences that were more frequent in the group with no dental extractions. Most of the patients presented canine neutro-occlusion; however, both groups showed a great percentage of occlusal interferences. In the group with extractions, the contact in MIP of the anterior teeth was mostly attained in the group with extractions. In all the corresponding movements the interferences were more frequent in the working area. It was observed a prevalence of anterior canine overbite of 1/3 of the crown, but the occlusal interferences predominated in the same way, mainly in the group without extractions(AU)