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1.
Geriatr Gerontol Aging ; 18: e0000051, Apr. 2024. Tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1565976

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the factors associated with urinary incontinence in older adults living in nursing homes. Methods: This was an exploratory, cross-sectional, observational, and quantitative study using exploratory and path analysis (PA). Eighty-six older adults living in nursing homes in the city of Salvador, Brazil, and the city of Brasília, Brazil, were included. Data were collected from January to March 2020, before the Covid-19 pandemic. The following variables were evaluated: sex, age group, functional performance, global cognitive function, comorbidities, and health conditions. Results: Urinary incontinence was associated with educational level, marital status, hypertension, one or more difficulties in basic activities of daily living, mood, insomnia, loss of appetite, fecal incontinence, and difficulty swallowing. In the PA, depression and difficulty swallowing were directly associated with urinary incontinence, and urinary incontinence was directly and significantly associated with insomnia and fecal incontinence. Conclusion: Given the variety of social and health components associated with urinary incontinence, it is necessary to assess, prevent, treat, and rehabilitate this condition in Brazilian nursing homes. Interventions in urinary incontinence demand integrated actions in functional, clinical, and mental health aspects to promote the well-being of older adults living in nursing homes. (AU)


Objetivo: Investigar os fatores associados à incontinência urinária em pessoas idosas institucionalizadas segundo a Análise de Caminhos. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo transversal. Foram avaliados 86 idosos em Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos brasileiras de Salvador (BA) e Brasília (DF), no período entre janeiro e março de 2020, período pré-pandemia de COVID-19. Os fatores analisados incluíram: sexo, faixa etária, desempenho funcional, desempenho cognitivo global, comorbidades e condições de saúde. Resultados: Observou-se que a incontinência urinária esteve associada ao nível de escolaridade, estado civil, hipertensão, uma ou mais dificuldades nas atividades básicas da vida diária, humor, insônia, perda de apetite, incontinência fecal e dificuldade de deglutição. Na Análise de Caminhos, os sintomas depressivos e as dificuldades de deglutição tiveram associação direta com a incontinência urinária, e a incontinência urinária teve associação direta e significativa com a insônia e a incontinência fecal. Conclusão: Dada a variedade de componentes sociais e de saúde associados à incontinência urinária, é necessário avaliar, prevenir, recuperar e reabilitar essa condição nas Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos brasileiras. Intervir na incontinência urinária requer ações integradas nos aspectos funcionais, clínicos e de saúde mental, que podem favorecer o bem-estar das pessoas idosas institucionalizadas. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Urinary Incontinence , Homes for the Aged , Physical Functional Performance
2.
Geriatr Gerontol Aging ; 18: e0000158, Apr. 2024. tab, ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1570290

ABSTRACT

Objective: To identify how antimicrobials are prescribed in long-term care facilities from the perspective of nurses. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted using an online survey. Participants were selected through conventional sampling methods and online recruitment. Data were collected through a 2-section self-administered questionnaire: the first section characterized the respondent and the institution, while the second investigated the antimicrobial prescription and usage in the institution. Results: Thirty-five responses were received, representing institutions from every state in Brazil. Sixty percent of the institutions had a part-time physician. More than 90% of the respondents said they contacted a prescriber to report signs and symptoms suggestive of infection, which led to subsequent antimicrobial use. Conclusions: The opinion of nurses has a significant impact on the prescriber's decision to begin antibiotic therapy in long-term care facilities, which indicates that nurses need training about the rational use of antimicrobials. (AU)


Objetivo: Identificar como ocorre a indicação de antimicrobianos nas instituições de longa permanência na perspectiva do profissional enfermeiro. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo por meio de um Survey online. Os participantes foram selecionados por meio de amostra convencional e o recrutamento foi realizado por meio de convite online. A coleta de dados foi feita a partir de um questionário autoaplicável constituído de dois blocos: o primeiro contemplando itens para a caracterização do respondente e da instituição; e o segundo, questões relacionadas ao uso e à indicação de antimicrobianos na instituição. Resultados: Foram recebidas 35 respostas, representando instituições de todos os estados brasileiros. A presença de médico em tempo parcial foi apontada em 60% das instituições. Mais de 90% dos participantes apontaram que acontecia o contato com prescritor para o relato de sinais e sintomas sugestivos de infecção apresentados pelo residente, implicando em uso subsequente de antimicrobianos. Conclusões: A opinião do profissional da Enfermagem tem grande impacto na decisão do prescritor em iniciar a antibioticoterapia nas instituições de longa permanência, demonstrando a necessidade de qualificação desse profissional direcionada ao uso racional de antimicrobianos. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Homes for the Aged , Nursing , Antimicrobial Stewardship
3.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1020590

ABSTRACT

Objective:To understand the pilot operation status of long-term care insurance system in Panjin City,and provide ideas and reference basis for improving the long-term care insurance system in Liaoning Province and the whole country.Methods:The protection content,fund raising,and treatment payment policies of long-term care insurance in Panjin City was systematically sorted out.And referring to other pilot cities combined with the actual situation in China,improvement suggestions were put forward.Result:After sorting and analyzing,it was found that the long-term care insurance system in Panjin City had a single financing channel,a small coverage of insurance coverage and insured objects,an unspecified payment service content,and an incomplete evaluation system.Conclusion:A long-term care special fund should be established,policy coverage should be expanded,and a scientific and reasonable evaluation system should be established.

4.
Modern Hospital ; (6): 469-473,478, 2024.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1022307

ABSTRACT

Objective To explore the research status and hot highlights in the field of Alzheimer's disease nursing,and provide reference and direction for future research.Methods The high-level articles on Alzheimer's disease nursing during 2012 to 2022 were collected from Web of Science core database,were analyzed and visualized by the CiteSpace 5.8.R3C software.Re-sults 956 articles were included in the Web of Science core database.The demand and focus on AD nursing research increased year by year.United States America had the largest number of articles(175 articles),followed by France(43 articles)and Chi-na(31 articles).Minnesota University and Harvard Medical School had the largest number of articles(11 articles).The authors'analysis shows that BRUNO VELLAS,an academician of the French Academy of Sciences,had the largest number of articles.Keyword co-occurrence analysis shows that the research in the past decade mainly focuses on"nursing home","people"and"quality of life","long-term care"and"exercise therapy"may become the key research directions in the future.Conclusion Domestic scholars should improve the social security system of long-term care,promote"people-oriented"humanistic nursing services and develop appropriate sports training programs in the future.

5.
Journal of Rural Medicine ; : 105-113, 2024.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1040153

ABSTRACT

Objective: With the accelerated population aging, multimorbidity has become an important healthcare issue. However, few studies have examined multimorbidity and its impact on the use of medical and long-term care services in Japan. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the association between multimorbidity and the use of medical and long-term care services among older adults living in the depopulated mountainous areas of Japan.Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using insurance claims data from late-stage medical insurance and long-term care insurance (April 2017 to March 2018) for older adults ≥75 years residing in a mountainous area in the Tottori prefecture. In addition to the descriptive analysis, multiple generalized linear regressions with family gamma and log-link functions were used to examine the association between the number of morbidities and total annual medical and long-term care expenditures.Results: A total of 970 participants ≥75 years were included in the analysis. Participants who had two or more morbidities constituted 86.5% of the total sample. Furthermore, participants with mental disorders were found to have more comorbidities. The number of comorbidities is associated with higher medical and long-term care expenditures.Conclusion: Multimorbidity was dominant among late-stage older adults living in depopulated mountainous areas of Japan, and the number of morbidities was associated with higher economic costs of medical and long-term care services. Mitigating the impact of multimorbidity among older adults in depopulated regions of Japan is an urgent challenge. Future research should investigate the degree and effectiveness of social protections for vulnerable older adults living in remote areas.

6.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1025325

ABSTRACT

In order to implement a"people-centered"service concept and promote the sustainability of long-term care systems,countries worldwide are increasingly focusing on benefit package design when allocating and using public long-term care funds.This emphasis is aimed at regulating and guiding long-term care demand and developing home and community-based care.Based on the purchasing theory,this study categorized the long-term care benefit package models in representative countries into two types:"Institutional Eligibility Restrictions Type"and"Home-care-focused Benefit Type",and further elaborated the specific benefit package design.In China,long-term care insurance are still in the initial stages of development.We should optimize the service utilization structure and promote a rational allocation of resources through purchasing,while incorporating diverse benefit designs such as eligibility restrictions,differential benefit levels,and supplementary support,to establish a robust,multi-tiered long-term care system based on home and community-based care.

7.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 48: e14, 2024. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1551027

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT More than 8 million older people in Latin America depend on long-term care (LTC), accounting for 12% of people aged ≥ 60 years and almost 27% of those aged ≥ 80. It is crucial to develop sustainable strategies for providing LTC in the area, including institutional care. This special report aims to characterize institutional LTC in four countries (Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica and Mexico), using available information systems, and to identify the strategies adopted to support institutional care in these countries. This narrative review used nationwide, open-access, public data sources to gather demographic estimates and information about institutional LTC coverage and the availability of open-access data for the proportion of people with LTC needs, the number of LTC facilities and the number of residents living in them. These countries have a larger share of older people than the average in Latin America but fewer LTC facilities than required by the demand. National surveys lack standardization in defining disability, LTC and dependency on care. Information about institutional care is mainly fragmented and does not regularly include LTC facilities, their residents and workers. Data are crucial to inform evidence-based decisions to favor prioritization and to support advances in promoting policies around institutional LTC in Latin America. Although information about institutional care in the region is fragmented and insufficient, this paper profiles the four selected countries. It highlights the need for a better structure for data-driven LTC information systems. The lack of information emphasizes the urgency of the need to focus on and encourage research into this topic.


RESUMEN En América Latina, más de 8 millones de personas mayores dependen de los cuidados a largo plazo (CLP), lo que representa el 12% de las personas de 60 años o más y casi el 27% de las de 80 años o más Resulta crucial elaborar estrategias sostenibles para la prestación de CLP en la región, incluida la atención en centros de CLP. Este artículo especial tiene como finalidad determinar las características de la atención prestada en centros de CLP en cuatro países (Brasil, Chile, Costa Rica y México), utilizando los sistemas de información disponibles, así como determinar cuáles son las estrategias adoptadas en estos países para brindar apoyo a la atención en centros de CLP. En esta revisión descriptiva se utilizaron fuentes de datos públicas, de libre acceso y de ámbito nacional para recopilar estimaciones demográficas e información sobre la cobertura de la atención en centros de CLP, así como sobre la disponibilidad de datos de libre acceso acerca de la proporción de personas con necesidades de CLP, el número de centros de CLP y su correspondiente número de residentes. Estos países tienen una proporción de personas mayores superior a la media de América Latina, pero menos centros de CLP de los necesarios para cubrir la demanda. En las encuestas nacionales no hay una definición estandarizada de la discapacidad, los cuidados a largo plazo y la dependencia. La mayor parte de la información sobre la atención en centros de CLP está fragmentada y no incluye datos periódicos sobre los centros de CLP existentes, sus residentes o sus trabajadores. Estos datos son cruciales para fundamentar decisiones basadas en la evidencia destinadas a propiciar la priorización y brindar apoyo a los avances en la promoción de políticas en materia de centros de CLP en América Latina. Aunque la información sobre la atención en centros de CLP en la región es fragmentaria e insuficiente, en este artículo se presenta el perfil de los cuatro países seleccionados. Se resalta la necesidad de mejorar la estructura de los sistemas de información sobre CLP basados en datos. Esta falta de información pone de relieve la necesidad urgente de centrarse en este tema y fomentar la investigación al respecto.


RESUMO Na América Latina, mais de 8 milhões de pessoas idosas dependem de cuidados de longa duração (CLD), o que representa 12% das pessoas com mais de 60 anos e quase 27% das pessoas com mais de 80 anos. É fundamental criar estratégias sustentáveis para oferecer CLD na região, inclusive cuidados institucionais. O objetivo deste relatório especial é caracterizar CLD institucionais em quatro países (Brasil, Chile, Costa Rica e México), usando os sistemas de informação disponíveis, e identificar as estratégias adotadas para apoiar os cuidados institucionais nesses países. Esta revisão narrativa usou dados públicos de acesso aberto de âmbito nacional para coletar estimativas demográficas e informações sobre a cobertura de CLD institucionais e a disponibilidade de dados de acesso aberto sobre a porcentagem de pessoas com necessidades de CLD, o número de instituições de CLD e o número de residentes nessas instituições. Esses países têm uma parcela maior de pessoas idosas do que a média da América Latina, mas menos instituições de CLD do que a demanda exige. Falta padronização na definição de incapacidade, CLD e dependência de cuidados nas pesquisas nacionais. Em sua maior parte, as informações sobre cuidados institucionais são fragmentadas e não incluem instituições de CLD, seus residentes e trabalhadores de maneira regular. É essencial usar dados para guiar decisões baseadas em evidências a fim de favorecer a priorização e apoiar avanços que promovam políticas para CLD institucionais na América Latina. Embora as informações sobre cuidados institucionais na região sejam fragmentadas e insuficientes, este documento traça o perfil dos quatro países selecionados, destacando a necessidade de uma estrutura melhor para sistemas de informações de CLD orientados por dados. A falta de informações ressalta a urgência de aumentar o foco no tópico e encorajar pesquisas sobre o assunto.

8.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 28(3): 103748, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1564150

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected individuals residing in Long-Term Care Facilities (LTCFs), necessitating tailored strategies to manage outbreaks. This study examines the outcomes of the ILPI BH project, a collaborative effort between the Municipal Health Department and the Hospital das Clínicas of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, designed to mitigate COVID-19 spread within LTCFs. Methods Prospective cohort of secondary data: 1,794 old residents in 99 long-term care facilities of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, were followed from May 2020 to January 2021. The study analyzed the prevention strategies, residents' clinical data, and the characteristics of the long-term care facilities, correlating these variables with the number of infections, hospitalizations, and deaths from COVID-19. It checked absolute numbers and rates of incidence, hospitalization, mortality, and lethality. Results There have been 58 COVID-19 outbreaks in long-term care facilities. There were 399 cases among residents, 96 hospitalizations for COVID-19 and 48 deaths from COVID-19 (2.7 % of the cohort), with a case fatality rate of 12 %. After multivariate analysis, the intrinsic variables to residents associated with higher mortality risk were higher degree of frailty (OR=1.08; p = 0.004) and the fact of living in a long-term care facility with a considerable proportion of residents' coverage by health plans (OR = 1.01; p = 0.028). Early geriatric follow-up showed an association with a reduction in the number of hospitalizations due to COVID-19. Conclusion The correct classification of the degree of frailty of institutionalized older people seems to have been relevant for predicting mortality from COVID-19. The extensive assistance by private health plans, contrary to what is supposed, did not result in better health protection. Early geriatric follow-up was beneficial and may be an attractive strategy in the face of health emergencies that affect long-term care facilities to reduce hospital admissions.

9.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 40(6): e00120223, 2024. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1564235

ABSTRACT

Abstract: In Mexico, the economically active population aged over 50 years has been increasing in recent years. Due to their age, these workers may experience health deterioration and require some form of care. However, only formal employment is associated with better access to health services and pensions. At the same time, these workers may also need to care for children, sick partners or dependent older adults, which limits their time available for employment. This study examined the association between disability, receiving and providing care and access to health services, and economic activity among adults aged 50 to 69 in Mexico in 2015 and 2018. Multilevel modeling was conducted using data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS). The MHAS is a longitudinal panel study of adults aged 50 years and older. The study sample included data from 8,831 observations from 2015 and 10,445 observations from 2018. Those living with some degree of disability and receiving care were found to be less likely to be economically active than those living with disability and not receiving care. Similarly, individuals who care for someone were also found to be less likely to be employed. Furthermore, the data suggested that individuals without access to health services were more likely to be economically active. For individuals aged 50 to 69 years, health and care issues were factors that limited economic activity status. In family-oriented societies with weak welfare states, the right to health is partial for the population and care is traditionally the responsibility of women, which exacerbates gender inequalities and has a differential impact on paid work for men and women.


Resumen: La población de México económicamente activa mayor de 50 años de edad se ha incrementado en los últimos años. Estos trabajadores en esta edad pueden sentir empeorar su salud y requerir algún tipo de atención. Sin embargo, solamente el empleo formal dio un mejor acceso a los servicios sanitarios y las pensiones. Al mismo tiempo, esta población también puede necesitar cuidar a niños, a la pareja enferma o a una persona mayor dependiente, lo que limita su tiempo disponible para trabajar. Este estudio evaluó la asociación entre la discapacidad, recibir y brindar asistencia y acceso a los servicios sanitarios, y la actividad económica de adultos de entre 50 y 69 años en México en el período de 2015 y 2018. Se trata de un enfoque de modelado multinivel que utiliza datos del Estudio Nacional de Salud y Envejecimiento en México (ENASEM). ENASEM es un estudio longitudinal con adultos de 50 años o más. La muestra del estudio estuvo conformada por 8.831 observaciones en 2015 y 10.445 en 2018. Las personas que viven con algún grado de discapacidad y reciben atención tienen menos probabilidades de ser económicamente activas en comparación con las que viven con discapacidades y no reciben atención. Del mismo modo, las personas que brindan atención también tienen menos probabilidades de tener un trabajo. Además, los datos destacan que las personas sin acceso a los servicios sanitarios tienen más probabilidades de ser económicamente activas. En las personas de entre 50 y 69 años, los problemas de salud y la atención son factores que restringen la condición de la actividad económica. En las sociedades orientadas a la familia con estados de bienestar débiles, el derecho a la salud es parcial a la población y el cuidado es tradicionalmente realizado por las mujeres, lo que empeora las desigualdades de género y tiene un impacto diferencial en el trabajo remunerado para hombres y mujeres.


Resumo: No México, a população economicamente ativa com mais de 50 anos tem crescido nos últimos anos. Devido à idade, estes trabalhadores podem apresentar piora da saúde e necessitar de algum tipo de cuidado. No entanto, apenas o emprego formal está atrelado a um melhor acesso aos serviços de saúde e aposentadorias. Ao mesmo tempo, indivíduos dessa população também podem precisar cuidar de crianças, um companheiro doente ou idoso dependente, o que limita seu tempo disponível para o trabalho. Este estudo examinou a associação entre deficiência, receber e fornecer cuidados e acesso a serviços de saúde e a atividade econômica entre adultos de 50 a 69 anos no México em 2015 e 2018. Trata-se de uma abordagem com modelagem multinível utilizando dados do Estudo Nacional sobre Saúde e Envelhecimento no México (ENASEM). O ENASEM é um estudo longitudinal painel com adultos com 50 anos ou mais. A amostra do estudo incluiu dados de 8.831 observações em 2015 e 10.445 em 2018. Aqueles que vivem com algum grau de incapacidade e recebem cuidados têm menor probabilidade de serem economicamente ativos em comparação com aqueles que vivem com incapacidades e não recebem cuidados. Da mesma forma, os indivíduos que prestam cuidados também são menos propensos a terem um emprego. Além disso, os dados sugerem que indivíduos sem acesso a serviços de saúde têm maior probabilidade de serem economicamente ativos. Em indivíduos na faixa etária de 50 a 69 anos, problemas de saúde e cuidados são fatores que restringem a condição de atividade econômica. Em sociedades orientadas para a família com estados de bem-estar social fracos, o direito à saúde é parcial para a população e o cuidado é tradicionalmente assumido pelas mulheres, o que agrava as desigualdades de gênero e tem um impacto diferencial no trabalho remunerado para homens e mulheres.

10.
Rev. bras. geriatr. gerontol. (Online) ; 27: e230173, 2024. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1550771

ABSTRACT

Resumo Objetivo Desenvolver e realizar a validação de conteúdo de um instrumento de autoavaliação da qualidade do cuidado em Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos (ILPI), denominado QualificaILPI. Método Estudo metodológico realizado entre março e dezembro de 2021. O instrumento foi desenvolvido com base em modelo multidimensional de qualidade, legislação brasileira e pesquisa bibliográfica e contém padrões de qualidade para autoavaliação das ILPI nas dimensões: ambiente, lar, cuidado, envolvimento familiar e da comunidade, equipe de trabalho e gestão. Cada padrão é descrito e seguido por uma escala, com parâmetros para classificar o nível de qualidade da ILPI em incipiente, intermediário, consolidado. A Técnica Delphi modificada foi empregada para validação por um comitê de 10 especialistas quanto a pertinência do padrão para avaliação da qualidade da ILPI, da adequação dos objetivos e da escala de avaliação, clareza, podendo fazer comentários. O padrão foi mantido quando houve 75% de concordância entre os especialistas. O instrumento foi também avaliado pelo público-alvo, constituído por coordenadores de 10 ILPI, selecionadas por conveniência. Resultados No primeiro ciclo de avaliação, foram excluídos três padrões e dois novos foram criados. No segundo, alterou-se a dimensão de um padrão e dois padrões foram unidos. Ao final, permaneceram 29 padrões divididos em seis dimensões. O público-alvo, gestores de ILPI, sugeriu alterações na redação de alguns padrões. Houve consenso de 80% ou superior em todos os padrões. Conclusão O QualificaILPI poderá contribuir para o monitoramento das ILPI favorecendo a melhoria do cuidado ofertado aos residentes.


Abstract Objective To develop and validate the content of a self-assessment instrument for the quality of care in Long-Term Care Facilities for Older Adults (Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos - ILPIs), named QualificaILPI. Method A methodological study conducted between March and December 2021. The instrument was developed based on a multidimensional quality model, Brazilian legislation, and literature research. It contains quality standards for self-assessment of ILPIs in the dimensions of environment, home, care, family and community involvement, work team, and management. Each standard is described and followed by a scale with parameters to classify the level of ILPI quality as incipient, intermediate, or consolidated. The modified Delphi Technique was employed for validation by a committee of 10 experts regarding the relevance of the standard for ILPI quality assessment, the appropriateness of objectives, the evaluation scale, and clarity, allowing for comments. The standard was retained when there was 75% agreement among the experts. The instrument was also evaluated by the target audience, consisting of coordinators from 10 ILPIs selected for convenience. Results In the first assessment cycle, three standards were excluded, and two new ones were created. In the second cycle, the dimension of one standard was changed, and two standards were combined. In the end, 29 standards remained, divided into six dimensions. The target audience, ILPI managers, suggested changes in the wording of some standards. There was a consensus of 80% or higher for all standards. Conclusion QualificaILPI has the potential to contribute to monitoring ILPIs, promoting the improvement of care offered to residents.


Subject(s)
Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency , Medical Staff, Hospital
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