Evaluation of the maximum tongue and lip pressure in individuals with Class I, II, or III Angle malocclusions and different facial types / Avaliação da pressão máxima da língua e dos lábios em indivíduos com má oclusão Classe I, II e III de Angle e diferentes padrões faciais

ABSTRACT Purpose To compare the maximum anterior and posterior tongue pressure, tongue endurance, and lip pressure in Class I, II, and III malocclusions and different facial types. Methods A cross-sectional observational analytical study was carried out in 55 individuals (29 men and 26 women) aged between 18 and 55 years. The participants were divided into groups according to Angle malocclusion (Class I, II, and III) and facial type. The maximum anterior and posterior tongue pressure, tongue endurance, and maximum lip pressure were measured using the IOPI (Iowa Oral Performance Instrument). To determine the facial type, the cephalometric analysis was accomplished using Ricketts VERT analysis as a reference. Results There was no statistically significant difference when comparing the maximum pressure of the anterior and posterior regions of the tongue, the maximum pressure of the lips, or the endurance of the tongue in the different Angle malocclusion types. Maximum posterior tongue pressure was lower in vertical individuals than in mesofacial individuals. Conclusion Tongue and lips pressure, as well as tongue endurance in adults was not associated with the type of malocclusion. However, there is an association between facial type and the posterior pressure of the tongue.

RESUMO Objetivo comparar a pressão máxima anterior e posterior da língua, a resistência da língua e a pressão labial em indivíduos com más oclusões Classe I, II e III e diferentes tipos faciais. Método foi realizado um estudo analítico observacional transversal em 55 indivíduos (29 homens e 26 mulheres) com idades entre 18 e 55 anos. Os participantes foram divididos em grupos de acordo com a classificação de Angle para má oclusão (Classe I, II e III) e tipo facial. A pressão máxima anterior e posterior da língua, a resistência da língua e a pressão máxima dos lábios foram medidas usando o IOPI (Iowa Oral Performance Instrument). Para determinar o tipo facial, a análise cefalométrica foi realizada utilizando como referência a análise Ricketts VERT. Resultados não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa ao comparar a pressão máxima das regiões anterior e posterior da língua, a pressão máxima dos lábios ou a resistência da língua nos diferentes tipos de má oclusão. A pressão máxima posterior da língua foi menor em indivíduos com tipo facial vertical do que nos indivíduos mesofaciais. Conclusão a pressão de língua e lábios, assim como a resistência de língua em adultos não foi associada ao tipo de má oclusão. No entanto, existe uma associação entre o tipo facial e a pressão posterior da língua.

Effect of Conventional Versus Passive Self-Ligating Vestibular Appliances on Torque, Tip and Transverse Dental Changes in Patients Affected by Class I Malocclusion: A Retrospective Study

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effects of passive self-ligating appliances (PSLAs) and conventional ligating appliances (CLAs) during orthodontic treatment regarding torque, tip, and transversal dental changes. Material and Methods: Dental parameters were digitally acquired from pre- and post-treatment models of each subject belonging to two groups of patients treated with PSLAs (23 patients; 11 females and 12 males with a mean age of 14.2 ± 1.6 years) and CLAs (18 patients; 10 females and 8 males with a mean age of 14.3 ± 1.9 years), respectively. All subjects had Class I or slight Class II malocclusion (= 2mm), permanent dentition and no previous orthodontic treatment. After normality of data was assumed, a paired sample t-test rejected any side differences at T0 and, therefore, the data were grouped by tooth group. Statistical analyses were performed using a linear mixed-effect framework, assuming the appliance, time, and interactions as fixed effects and the tooth type as random effects. Finally, post-hoc effect analysis was used to contrast modeled marginal effects (p<0.05). Results: For both appliances, there is a general increase of both torque and transverse values at T1, especially for PSLAs. Tip shows a general reduction in the lateral sectors for both appliances is registered. The only significant statistical difference referred to appliances' efficacy is located to mandibular intermolar width. Conclusion: Both appliances have an expansive potential for both torque and transverse dental changes. No evident differences are detectable between appliances except for the rate of the mandibular intermolar width increase.

Altering Vertical Dimension: A Literature Review / Alteración de la dimensión vertical: Revisión de la literatur a

The alteration of the vertical dimension it's been a controversial issue for more than 50 years, today is not known an exact protocol to determine what is the right vertical dimension for each person and the appropriate variation to which you can submit a patient without causing any type of joint, muscle, functional or aesthetic alteration. In this review, we show the different concepts and criteria that must be taken into account in order to carry out successful treatments, whether in dentate, partially edentulous or totally edentulous patients to determine a vertical dimension that adapts to each patient through parameters such as facial aesthetics, health of the temporomandibular joint, occlusion and phonetics.

La alteración de la dimensión vertical es un tema controvertido desde hace más de 50 años, al día de hoy no se conoce un protocolo exacto para determinar qué es la dimensión vertical adecuada para cada persona y la variación adecuada de esta a la que se puede alguna vez un paciente sin provocar algún tipo de alteración articular, muscular, funcional o estética. En este artículo de revisión de tema, se muestran los diferentes conceptos y criterios que se deben tener en cuenta para llevar a cabo el éxito los tratamientos que se realizan ya sea en pacientes dentados, editados o totalmente editados para determinar una dimensión vertical que se adaptan a cada paciente mediante parámetros como la estética facial, la salud de la articulación temporomandibular, oclusión y fonética.

Deglutition pattern in Angle's Class II malocclusion

ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze the electromyographic activity of the suprahyoid muscles during deglutition in participants with Angle´s Class II malocclusion. Methods: electromyographic data recordings were performed in the supra-hyoid muscles during swallowing and at rest, in 30 volunteers, 15 Angle´s Class I participants and 15 Angle´s Class II malocclusion, aged 15-27 years old. The Root Means Square values for both tests were analyzed, and for the deglutition test, the Linear Envelope was used to observe the type of muscle activation pattern. Results: during the test at rest, there was no significant difference in Root Means Square values (p=0.22) between Class I and Class II subjects. During deglutition, it was found that Angle´s Class II subjects had significantly higher RMS values (p=0.01) as compared to Class I volunteers. Regarding the type of muscle activation pattern, there was a significant difference between Class I and Class II participants with a predominance of type 1 peak for Class I and type 2 peak for Class II. Conclusion: there was a difference in electromyographic recordings during deglutition in participants with Angle´s Class II as compared to Class I participants with a tendency towards two contraction peaks, showing a greater imbalance during the function. There was no difference between groups in the rest position.

3M self-locking bracket versus straight wire bracket during orthodontic treatment / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Self-locking brackets changed the traditional ligation mode and obviously elevated the sliding mechanism of the teeth and the effect of its spreading during orthodontic treatment, and effectively decreased friction force. OBJECTIVE:To explore the differences of the application of 3M self-locking bracket and traditional straight wire bracket during orthodontic treatment. METHODS:A total of 796 patients receiving orthodontic correction of mild and moderate misaligned teeth, including 398 males and 400 females, at the age of 11-19 years old. 398 patients received 3M SmartClipTM self-ligating bracket braces as observation group. The remaining 398 patients received MBT straight wire appliance. The width of molars, intercanine width, superior anterior tooth convexity and correction were compared between the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The width of premolars and superior anterior tooth convexity were significantly better after correction than that before correction in both groups (P<0.05). Moreover, the correction outcomes were significantly better in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). No significant difference in the width of first molar and intercanine width was detected before and after treatment in either group, as wel as between the two groups. Aligned dentition time and the total therapeutic duration were shorter in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). These findings indicate that compared with the traditional MBT straight wire bracket braces, expansion arch effect of the 3M SmartClipTM self-ligating bracket braces is obvious;clinical treatment can reduce the rate of extraction cases, and shorten the course of correction.

Craniofacial bone abnormalities and malocclusion in individuals with sickle cell anemia: a critical review of the literature

This study aims to critically review the literature in respect to craniofacial bone abnormalities and malocclusion in sickle cell anemia individuals. The Bireme and Pubmed electronic databases were searched using the following keywords: malocclusion, maxillofacial abnormalities, and Angle Class I, Class II and lass III malocclusions combined with sickle cell anemia. The search was limited to publications in English, Spanish or Portuguese with review articles and clinical cases being excluded from this study. Ten scientific publications were identified, of which three were not included as they were review articles. There was a consistent observation of orthodontic and orthopedic variations associated with sickle cell anemia, especially maxillary protrusions. However, convenience sampling, sometimes without any control group, and the lack of estimates of association and hypotheses testing undermined the possibility of causal inferences. It was concluded that despite the high frequency of craniofacial bone abnormalities and malocclusion among patients with sickle cell anemia, there is insufficient scientific proof that this disease causes malocclusion.

Articulación de fones en individuos clase esqueletal I,II y III / Speech patterns in skeletal class I, II and III subjects

OBJETIVO: determinar los patrones de articulación de fones consonánticos en sujetos de habla española chilena clases I, II y III esqueletal; comparar las diferencias fonéticas que existan entre clases esqueletales. MÉTODOS: se seleccionaron 54 individuos que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión determinados mediante un examen clínico intraoral y a través del análisis de Ricketts, y se conformaron los grupos de estudio de pacientes clases esqueletales I, II y III. Se les realizó un examen fonoarticulatorio estandarizado para determinar los fones modificados y el patrón articulatorio compensatorio realizado. RESULTADOS: se observaron cambios en el punto de articulación de fones consonánticos en las tres clases esqueletales, con diferencias significativas en los grupos de fones anteriores y medios entre pacientes clases I y II, sólo en el grupo de los fones anteriores entre pacientes I y III. Entre pacientes clases II y III no se observaron diferencias significativas. Se reportan modificaciones y compensaciones cualitativamente distintas entre las clases esqueletales. CONCLUSIONES: en relación a pacientes clase I, los pacientes clase II o III, presentan distinto grado de modificación en el punto de articulación de fones consonánticos. Las diferencias observadas se relacionan con los patrones esqueletales propios de cada clase.

PURPOSE: to determine the consonant phonemes articulation patterns in Chilean skeletal class I, II and III Spanish speakers and compare their phonetic differences. METHODS: fifty-four skeletal class I, II and III subjects were selected, based on intraoral clinical examination and Ricketts cephalometric analysis, constituting the study groups. A standardized phonoarticulatory test was applied to each patient to determine the modified phonemes and their compensatory patterns. RESULTS: the findings indicate changes in articulation in all three groups. Significant differences were found in anterior and medium phonemes between skeletal class I and II and only in the anterior phonemes between skeletal class I and III. There were no significant differences between II and III skeletal groups. Qualitatively different modifications and compensations between skeletal classes are reported. CONCLUSION: different degree of modification in consonant phonemes articulation is shown in class II and III patients when compared to class I skeletal subjects. These differences are related to the skeletal patterns.

Má oclusão Classe I de Angle, com acentuada biprotrusão, tratada com extrações de dentes permanentes / Angle Class I malocclusion, with severe biprotrusion, treated with permanent teeth extractions

Este relato de caso descreve o tratamento de uma má oclusão do tipo Classe I de Angle que apresentava biprotrusão dentária e os dentes 16, 26 e 47 com as coroas destruídas. O caso foi tratado em duas fases, sequencialmente, e, com o objetivo de corrigir a biprotrusão, extrações dentárias foram necessárias. Na primeira fase, foram feitas as extrações dos dentes 16, 26, 37 e 47 e, na segunda fase, as extrações dos dentes 14, 24, 34 e 44. Esse caso foi apresentado à Diretoria do Board Brasileiro de Ortodontia e Ortopedia Facial (BBO), representando a categoria 2, ou seja, uma má oclusão Classe I de Angle tratada com extrações de dentes permanentes, como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do título de Diplomado pelo BBO.

This case report describes the treatment of an Angle Class I malocclusion with dental double protrusion and with complete destruction of teeth 16, 26 and 47. The case was treated in two phases and, purposing the double protrusion correction, tooth extractions were necessary. In the first treatment phase, teeth 16, 26, 37 and 47 were extracted and, in the second phase, the extractions of 14, 24, 34 and 44 were performed. This case was presented to the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics and Facial Orthopedics (BBO), as representative of Category 4, i.e., an Angle Class I malocclusion treated with permanent teeth extractions, as part of the requirements for obtaining the BBO Diploma.

Perfil epidemiológico de oclusión dental en niños que consultana la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia / Epidemiological profile of dental occlusion in children from Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia

Introducción y Objetivo: La oclusión es la manera en que los dientes maxilares y mandibulares se articulan, involucrando su morfología, angulación, músculos de la masticación, estructuras esqueléticas y la articulación temporomandibular. El propósito de este estudio fue determinar el perfil epidemiológico de la oclusión dental en niños que consultaron el servicio de las clínicas de crecimiento y desarrollo de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia; sede Envigado, entre junio de 2006 y junio de 2007. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal en pacientes de los 2 a los 12 años que asistieron al servicio odontológico. Se calculó un tamaño de muestra de 191 pacientes, a quienes se les realizó un examen clínico de la cavidad oral con el fin de evaluar las diferentes características oclusales encontradas en el plano vertical, sagital, transversal y alteraciones de espacio. Resultados: El promedio de edad de los 191 niños participantes fue 7 años (7±2.1), 50.8% (97/191) eran de sexo masculino y 41.9% (80/191) se encontraban en dentición mixta inicial. La maloclusión con mayor prevalencia fue la clase I 55% (105/191), seguida por la clase II 32.5% (62/191) y clase III 12.6% (24/191). La prevalencia de al menos una alteración en los planos oclusales fue 96.3%. Conclusión: La maloclusión clase I de Angle fue la más prevalente con alteraciones en los planos vertical y transversal y problemas de espacio.

Introduction and Objetives: Occlusion is the way in which the maxillary and mandibular teeth articulate involving morphology, angulation, mastication muscles, skeletal structures and the temporomandibular joint. The purpose of this study was to determine the epidemiological profile of dental occlusion in children that consulted the service clinics for growth and development of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University Cooperative Colombia, Envigado headquarters between June 2006 and June 2007. Material and Methods: Observational study in children between 2 and 12 years who consulted the growth and development clinics of the Faculty of Dentistry The UCC. The sample was calculated and 191 children were screened. Sociodemographic and occlusal characteristics were evaluated prior to interceptive treatment which was performed. Results: 191 patients included with an average age of 7 (7±2.1), 50.8% (97/191) were male. 41.9% (80/191) patients were in initial mixed dentition. The most prevalent malocclusion found was angle class I 55% (105/191), followed by class II 32.5% (62/191) and class III 12.6% (24/191). Conclusion: Angle class I malocclusion was the most prevalent malocclusion found with alteration in the vertical, transversal and space problems.

Interferência do tipo de má oclusão nas medidas dos movimentos mandibulares: um estudo realizado com o apoio do exército brasileiro / Interference of malocclusion types in mandibular movements measures: a study supported by the Brazilian army

OBJETIVO: correlacionar os diferentes tipos de má oclusões dentais com as medidas de lateralidade e protrusão mandibular e amplitude de abertura bucal de indivíduos adultos normais. MÉTODOS: neste estudo participaram 127 militares do sexo masculino que serviam no 21º Depósito de Suprimento do Exército Brasileiro em São Paulo, no ano de 2005, com idades entre 18 e 32 anos. Do total de militares, 47 (39,16 por cento) foram excluídos. Desse modo, a amostra final foi de 80 indivíduos os quais foram divididos em grupo controle (31 - 38,75 por cento) e grupo experimental (49 - 61,25 por cento). Na avaliação, foi realizada uma breve anamnese e inspeção oral, com posterior medição dos movimentos mandibulares de abertura bucal, protrusão e lateralidade para direita e para esquerda. RESULTADOS: 69,38 por cento de indivíduos portadores da má oclusão Classe I de Angle; 16,32 por cento de Classe II-1; 6,12 por cento de Classe II-2; 8,16 por cento de Classe III. A medida de abertura de boca, relacionada com os tipos de má oclusão, não foi estatisticamente significante, apesar de terem sido obtidas as maiores medidas nos indivíduos portadores de Classe III. Já nas medidas de protrusão e lateralidade mandibular existiu uma diferença estatisticamente significante nos grupos de uma maneira em geral. 40,42 por cento dos indivíduos apresentavam ausência de algum dente molar. CONCLUSãO: não houve relação entre a medida de abertura de boca com a presença de má oclusões. Entretanto, houve relação entre as medidas de protrusão e de lateralidade mandibular para a direita e para a esquerda com má oclusões.

PURPOSE: to establish the relationship between different types of dental malocclusions and lateralization and protrusion measures and mouth opening in normal adult subjects. METHODS: it was made with 127 military men who served at the 21st Supply Deposit of Brazilian Army, in Sao Paulo, in 2005, with ages between 18 and 32 years. 47 subjects were excluded. Because of that, the final sample counted with 80 individuals whom has been divided in two groups: control group (31 - 38.75 percent) and experimental group (49 - 61.25 percent). On the evaluation, both a brief anamnesis and oral inspection with measurement of the mandibular movements (mouth opening, protrusion and right and left lateralization) were done. RESULTS: 69.38 percent malocclusion Class I: 16.32 percent malocclusion Class II-1; 6.12 percent malocclusion Class II 2; 8.16 percent malocclusion Class III. There was no statistical significance of the mouth opening measures, related with the types of malocclusion, although greater measures had been noted on subjects with Class III malocclusion. When comparing to protrusion and lateralization measures, we noticed a statistically relevance in all groups. There was an absence of grinders in 40.42 percent of the subjects. CONCLUSION: there was no relationship between different types of dental malocclusions and mouth opening measures, but there was relationship between different types of dental malocclusions and lateralization and protrusion measures.