Preparación y respuesta ante emergencias sensibles a poblaciones migrantes en Chile: perspectivas postpandémicas / Emergency preparedness and response sensitive of migrant populations in Chile: post-pandemic perspectives

El 31 de agosto de 2023, el Gobierno de Chile puso fin a la alerta sanitaria por COVID-19. Este hito invita a reflexionar sobre lecciones aprendidas respecto a la preparación y respuesta ante emergencias, que sean sensibles e informadas sobre la experiencia de la población migrante de nuestro país. En este marco, se presentan tres perspectivas. La primera se centra en evitar la responsabilización individual en el incumplimiento de las medidas de prevención del contagio, ya que este enfoque ignora las inequidades estructurales e históricas. Las recomendaciones de emergencia se deben construir bajo un abordaje colectivo y con la consideración de los diversos contextos socioculturales y políticos. La segunda perspectiva llama a tomar en cuenta y abordar la migración como determinante social de la salud de la población en la preparación y respuesta ante emergencias. Durante la pandemia, los cambios en la gobernanza de la migración en todo el mundo precarizaron los procesos migratorios, con riesgos para la salud física y mental de las personas que migran. Esto requiere una mejor planificación y decisiones informadas en evidencia científica para futuras pandemias. La tercera perspectiva se enfoca en promover la interculturalidad, dado que la comunicación de los riesgos de contagio y de las medidas preventivas se vio dificultada entre poblaciones migrantes con diversas cosmovisiones e interpretaciones de los procesos de salud y enfermedad. Asimismo, el responder a las necesidades de aquellas comunidades históricamente marginadas, requiere establecer modos de vida que respeten la diversidad en las narrativas y las prácticas cotidianas. Los gobiernos y sistemas sanitarios deben incorporar la migración a sus estrategias de preparación y respuesta ante emergencias, con la construcción de las condiciones para su cumplimiento óptimo.

On August 31, 2023, the Chilean government ended the health alert for COVID-19. This milestone invites us to reflect on lessons learned in emergency preparedness and response regarding migrant populations in the country. In this context, three perspectives are presented. The first focuses on avoiding pointing to individual responsibility for non-compliance with prevention measures, as this approach ignores structural and historical inequities. Emergency recommendations should be constructed considering a collective approach and diverse sociocultural and political contexts. The second perspective calls for considering and addressing migration as a social determinant of health. During the pandemic, changes in the governance of migration around the world made migration processes more precarious, with risks to the physical and mental health of migrants, which needs better planning and evidence-based decision-making in future pandemics. The third perspective focuses on promoting intercultural health, as effective communication of contagion risks and preventive measures were hampered among migrant populations with diverse worldviews and interpretations of health and disease processes. Responding to the needs of historically marginalized communities requires establishing ways of life that respect diversity in narratives and everyday practices. Governments and health systems must incorporate migration into their emergency preparedness and response strategies, creating the conditions for optimal compliance.

Golgi Transport 1A Promotes Cell Proliferation and Metastasis of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression level of Golgi transport 1A （GOLT1A） in thyroid carcinoma and its effects on the proliferation， migration， invasion， and epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT） of thyroid carcinoma cells. MethodsThe expression of GOLT1A in thyroid carcinoma was analyzed online by tumor immune estimation resource （TIMER）， the University of Alabama at Birmingham cancer data analysis portal （UALCAN）， gene expression profiling interactive analysis 2 （GEPIA2）. The expression level of GOLT1A in thyroid carcinoma cells was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （RTFQ-PCR） and western blot. Cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay， colony formation assay， and transwell assay were used to detect the effects of GOLT1A expression on the proliferation， migration， and invasion of thyroid carcinoma cells. Western blot assay was used to detect the effect of GOLT1A on the expression of EMT-related genes including E-cadherin， vimentin， and N-cadherin. ResultsThe online analysis of GEPIA2， TIMER， and UALCAN showed that the expression of GOLT1A was higher in thyroid carcinoma than in normal tissues， and the expression of GOLT1A in thyroid carcinoma cells was significantly higher than in normal control cells. Knockdown of GOLT1A inhibited TPC1 cell proliferation， migration， and invasion. The expression of E-cadherin increased and the expressions of N-cadherin and vimentin decreased in GOLT1A knockdown TPC1 cells. Overexpression of GOLT1A promoted BCPAP cell proliferation， migration， and invasion. The expression of E-cadherin decreased and the expressions of N-cadherin and vimentin increased in GOLT1A overexpression BCPAP cells. ConclusionGOLT1A is highly expressed in thyroid carcinoma and can promote the proliferation， migration， and invasion of thyroid carcinoma cells.

Antitumor Effect of Metformin on Ovarian Cancer Cells / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To explore the antitumor effects of metformin on ovarian cancer cells in vitro, particularly on tumor cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration, and possible mechanism. Methods Ovarian cancer cell lines (A2780, CAOV3, and SKOV3) were treated with different concentrations of metformin. Their proliferation was explored using the MTT and clone formation assays, cell migration was examined using the scratch and Transwell assays, and cell cycle and apoptosis were examined using flow cytometry. In addition, metformin’s effects on the phosphorylation of AMPK and mTOR and the expression of CXCR4 and Wnt/β-catenin protein was measured by Western blot. Results The survival rates of ovarian cancer cells decreased significantly with increasing metformin concentration and metformin treatment time. The IC50 values of metformin at 48 h for A2780, CAOV3, and SKOV3 cells were 16.36, 36.65, and 43.44 mmol/L, respectively. Compared with the control group, the clone formation ability and cell migration ability of ovarian cancer cells were significantly inhibited by metformin treatment and cell cycle arrested at the G0/G1 phase, and the apoptosis rate increased. As metformin concentration increased, the expression of phosphorylated AMPK protein gradually increased, and the expression levels of phosphorylated mTOR, CXCR4, Dvl3, β-catenin, cyclin D1, and CDK1 decreased. Conclusion Metformin exerts an antitumor effect on ovarian cancer cells, which is related to the activation of AMPK to inhibit CXCR4-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Effect of ANKRD49 on migration of human lung adenocarcinoma cells and its mechanism / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To study the effect of ankyrin repeat domain 49(ANKRD49)on the migration of human lung adenocarcinoma cell line NCI-H1299 and its mechanism.Methods NCI-H1299 cells were infected with lentivirus vector carrying ANKRD49 gene and shRNA targeting ANKRD49 to construct the cell models stably overexpressing and knocking down ANKRD49. Meanwhile,the control cell models infected with empty lentivirus vector and lentivirus vector with scramble sequences were constructed respectively. The expression levels of ANKRD49 mRNA and protein were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot. The effect of ANKRD49 on cell migration was measured by scratch test. The mRNA and protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2/9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase(TIMP)-1/2 were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot. The protein expression levels of p65,p-p65,IκBα and p-IκBα were detected by Western blot.Results The levels of ANKRD49 mRNA and protein in the ANKRD49 overexpression group were significantly higher than those in the control group(t = 70. 02 and 45. 68,respectively,each P < 0. 001). Compared with the control group,the migration ability of cells in the ANKRD49 overexpression group significantly increased at 24 h and 48 h(t = 5. 343 and 3. 282,P = 0. 005 9 and 0. 030 4,respectively);The mRNA transcription levels and protein expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 significantly increased(t = 9. 304 and 6. 193,P =0. 000 7 and 0. 003 5,respectively),while the mRNA and protein expression of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 decreased significantly(t = 3. 858 and 3. 517,P = 0. 018 2 and 0. 024 5,respectively),and the values of MMP-2/TIMP-1 and MMP-9/TIMP-2 significantly increased(t = 17. 7 and 9. 682,P < 0. 001 and < 0. 01,respectively);The expression of p-p65 and pIκBα significantly increased,the total protein levels of p65 and IκBα showed no obvious change,and the values of p-p65/p65 and p-IκBα/IκBα significantly increased(t = 3. 962 and 5. 370,P = 0. 016 7 and 0. 005 8,respectively). However,knocking down of ANKRD49 presented the opposite results.Conclusion ANKRD49 promotes the migration of NCI-H1299cells by enhan-cing the expression of MMP-2/9,the values of MMP-9/TIMP-1 and MMP-2/TIMP-2 via activating NF-κB/p65 signa-ling pathway.

Role of inhibiting lncRNA TUG1 to down⁃regulate nucleotide binding oligomerization domain like receptor protein 1 inflammasome in delaying the progression of Alzheimer’s disease / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the relieving effects of knockdown of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)taurine up-regulated gene 1 (TUG1) on inhibiting nucleotide binding oligomerization domain like receptor protein 1 (NLRP1) inflammasome and the progression of Alzheimer’ s disease. Methods Wild-type (WT group, 10 mice) or amyloid precursor protein (APP) / presenilin-1 (PS1) transgenic mice (30 mice) with a genetic background of C57 / BL6 aged 9-10 weeks were used in this study. APP / PS1 transgenic mice were randomly divided into model group, model+lncRNA TUG1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) group and model + shRNA non target (NT) group (n = 10) . Blood samples, cerebral cortex tissues, primary microglial cells and primary astrocytes were collected from mice 12 weeks of age on day 1 (3-month-old) and 32 weeks of age on day 1 (8-month-old), with 5 mice per group at each time point. Real-time PCR analysis was used to detect the expression levels of lncRNA TUG1 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) mRNA in cerebral cortex tissues and primary microglial cells, and C1r and C1s mRNA levels in primary astrocytes of 3-month-old and 8-month-old mice in the above 4 groups, respectively. ELISA was used to determine the MIF in plasma samples of the above 4 groups of mice. Primary microglia and astrocytes from the cerebral cortex of 3-month-old and 8-month-old mice were co-cultured. CCK-8 method was used to determine the proliferation ability of the above cells. Western blotting was used to determine the expression levels of MIF, pro interleukin-1β (pro-IL-1β), apoptosis associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recrult domain(ASC), Caspase-1 (p20), Caspase-1 (full), NLRP1 and NLRP3 in cerebral cortex tissues of 3-month-old and 8-month-old mice. Immunofluorescent staining was used to determine amyloid beta(Aβ) in cerebral cortex of 8-month-old mice. Results At the age of 3-month-old and 8-month-old, compared with the WT group, the relative expression level of lncRNA TUG1 and MIF in cerebral cortex tissues and primary microglia of model group mice was significantly up-regulated, with primary microglial cells and astrocytes proliferation ability enhanced (P0. 05) . There was no significant difference between the model group and the model+shRNA NT group mice of all the above factors (P>0. 05) . Conclusion In APP / PS1 transgenic mice, up-regulation of lncRNA TUG1 and MIF are positively associated with the activation of NLRP1 inflammasome in mice cerebral cortex tissues and primary microglia. Knock-down of lncRNA TUG1 can ameliorate the progression of Alzheimer’ s disease.

Effects of the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of AHVAC - on gastric cancer MKN-28 cells / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To investigate the effects of agkis-trodon halys venom anti-tumor component (AHVAC-) on the biological behavior of gastric cancer MKN-28 cells. METHODS: Gastric cancer MKN-28 cells were treated with the experimental concentrations (5, 10, 15 μg/mL) of AHAVC- for 24 h. Cell proliferation and toxicity assay (cell counting kit-8, CCK-8) was used to detect the inhibition rates of the cells in different concentrations of AHVAC-. The migration ability of the cells was evaluated by wound-healing and Transwell assay. The apoptosis were observed by laser confocal microscopy with annexin V-mCherry/DAPI double staining, and the apoptosis rates were analyzed by flow cytometry with annexin V-FITC/PI double fluorescence staining. The protein level of Caspease-3 was determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with normal control group, the results of AHVAC- concentration groups showed that with the increase of AHVAC- concentration, the proliferative activity of MN-28 cells decreased gradually (P<0.01), the cell migration ability decreased gradually (P<0.01), and the cell apoptosis rate increased (P<0.05). The expression of apoptosis-related protein Caspease-3 was up-regulated (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: AHVAC- inhibits proliferation and migration of gastric cancer MSN-28 cells and induces apoptosis.

Down-regulation of METTL5 inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of triple-negative breast cancer cells through Wnt/6-catenin signaling pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the role and potential mechanism of methyltransferase-like 5 (METTL5) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) . Methods The expression of METTL5 in TNBC tumor tissues and cell lines was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. After shRNA targeting METTL5 (shRNAMETTL5) was transfected into TNBC cells, cell proliferation, migration and invasion were detected by CCK-8, colony formation, wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively. Western blot was used to detect the expression of Wnt/p-catenin signaling-related key proteins. A xenograft tumor model was constructed to verify the effect of METTL5 knockdown on the growth of TNBC cells and Wnt/p-catenin signaling activity in vivo. Results The expression of METTL5 was up-regulated in TNBC tumor tissues and cell lines (P < 0. 01) . Knockdown of METTL5 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of TNBC cells and reduced the expression of Wnt/p-catenin signaling molecules (3-catenin, cyclin Dl, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -2 and MMP-7 (all P < 0. 01) . Knockdown of METTL5 reduced tumor growth and Wnt/pcatenin signaling activity in vivo. Conclusions Knockdown of METTL5 can inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of TNBC cells, which may be related to the inhibition of Wnt/p-catenin signaling pathway.

A network pharmacology-based approach to explore mechanism of kaempferol-7 -O -neohesperidoside against prostate cancer / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the effect of kaempferol-7- 0-neohesperidoside (K70N) against prostate cancer (PCa) and the underlying mechanism. Methods The effect of K70N on the proliferation of PCa cell lines PC3, DU145, C4-2 and LNCaP was detected using CCK8 assay. The effect of K70N on migration ability of DU145 cells was determined by wound healing assay. The targets of K70N and PCa were screened from SuperPred and other databases. The common targets both related to K70N and PCa were obtained from the Venny online platform, a protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was constructed by the String and Cyto- scape. Meanwhile, the GO and KEGG functional enrichment were analyzed by David database. Then, a "drug-target-disease-pathway" network model was constructed. Cell cycle of PCa cells treated with K70N was analyzed by flow cytometry. The expressions of cycle-associated proteins including Skp2, p27 and p21 protein were detected by Western blot. Molecular docking between Skp2 and K70N was conducted by Sybyl X2. 0. Results K70N significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of PCa cells. A total number of 34 drug-disease intersection targets were screened. The String results showed that Skp2 and p27, among the common targets, were the key targets of K70N for PCa treatment. Furthermore, GO and KEGG functional en-richment indicated that the mechanism was mainly related to the cell cycle. Flow cytometry showed that K70N treatment induced cell cycle arrest at the S phase. Compared with the control group, the protein expression level of Skp2 was significantly down-regulated, while the protein expression levels of p27 and p21 were up-regulated. The network molecular docking indicated that the ligand K70N had a good binding ability with the receptor Skp2. Conclusions K70N could inhibit the proliferation and migration of PCa cells, block the cell cycle in the S phase, which may be related to the regulation of cell cycle through the Skp2- p27/p21 signaling pathway.

Effects of polydatin on the cell proliferation，migration，invasion and tumor growth of AML / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of polydatin （PD） on cell proliferation， migration， invasion and tumor growth of acute myeloid leukemia （AML）. METHODS Human AML cell KG-1 were divided into normal group， PD low-， medium- and high-concentration groups （10， 30， 60 μmol/L PD）， SQ22536 group [cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP） inhibitor， 100 μmol/L]， high concentration of PD+SQ22536 group （60 μmol/L PD+100 μmol/L SQ22536）. The effects of PD on cell activity， apoptotic rate， invasion and migration ability， cAMP level， the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT） related proteins and protein kinase A （PKA） were investigated. Using BALB/c nude mice as subjects， a transplanted tumor model of AML nude mice was induced by subcutaneous inoculation of KG-1 cell suspension and then divided into control group， PD group， SQ22536 group and PD+SQ22536 group （with 6 mice in each group）. The effects of PD on tumor volume and mass were measured. RESULTS Compared with the normal group or control group， the cell viabilities， the number of migrating cells， the number of invasive cells， the relative expressions of vimentin and Snail as well as the tumor volume and mass were decreased significantly in PD groups， while the apoptotic rates， cAMP levels， the relative expressions of E-cadherin and PKA were significantly increased， with a dose-dependent manner （P＜0.05）. SQ22536 had opposite effects on cells and nude mice compared to PD， and could significantly reverse the anti-tumor activity of PD （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS PD may inhibit the proliferation， migration， invasion and EMT process of KG-1 cells， induce apoptosis， and inhibit tumor growth， by activating the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway， thereby exerting anti-AML effects.

Effect and mechanism of reactive oxygen species-responsive nanoparticles on the regulation of human gingival fibroblast function and inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To investigate the effects of PssL-NAC reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive nanoparticles on intracellular ROS production, inflammatory factor levels, collagen production, cell function and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), NF-κB nuclear factor-κB (p65) pathway protein expression in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide (P.g-LPS).@*Methods@#This study was reviewed and approved by the ethics committee. PssL-NAC microspheres containing oil soluble antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) were obtained by connecting the hydrophobic end of polycaprolactone (PCL) and the hydrophilic end of polyethylene glycol (PEG) via thioketal (TK) bonds in response to ROS, and self loading in the aqueous and oil phases. After preparation of the PssL-NAC microspheres and aqueous NAC solution, successful synthesis of the nanoparticles was verified by transmission electron microscopy. Then, HGFs were exposed to P.g-LPS (0, 5, or 10 μg/mL), P.g-LPS (0, 5, or 10 μg/mL)+NAC, and P.g-LPS (0, 5, or 10 μg/mL)+PssL-NAC, and the ROS levels in the different groups were observed under confocal microscopy to determine the concentration of P.g-LPS for use in subsequent experiments. The groups were as follows: control group (no treatment), P.g-LPS group (HGFs treated with P.g-LPS), NAC group (HGFs treated with P.g-LPS and NAC), and PssL-NAC group (HGFs treated with P.g-LPS and PssL-NAC). Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays verified the biosafety of PssL-NAC. The ROS levels in the different groups were detected by DCFH-DA probes and observed via confocal microscopy. Real-time qPCR (RT-qPCR) was used to monitor the gene expression levels of the intracellular inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), collagen 1 (COL1) and collagen 3 (COL3). The effect of PssL-NAC on the migration of HGFs was observed via the scratch test. The protein expression of TLR4-NF-κB, and phosphorylated p65 (p-p65) in the TLR4-NF-κB pathway was evaluated by Western blot.@*Results@#PssL-NAC had no significant effect on HGF proliferation (P>0.05). At elevated P.g-LPS concentrations, PssL-NAC maintained intracellular ROS levels approximately twice those in the control group (P<0.001). PssL-NAC significantly decreased P.g-LPS-induced IL-6 (P<0.001) and TNF-α (P<0.001) gene expression and increased COL1 gene expression (P<0.001). After P.g-LPS stimulation, PssL-NAC restored cell migration to the control level (P>0.05) and decreased the protein expression of TLR4 (P<0.001), p65 (P = 0.006), and p-p65 (P = 0.017) in the TLR4-NF-κB pathway.@*Conclusion@#PssL-NAC maintains the appropriate intracellular ROS concentration, alleviates P.g-LPS-induced inflammation in HGFs through the TLR4-NF-κB pathway, and restores the cell functions of collagen production and migration in an inflammatory environment.

Effects of inhibiting CAMKⅡ expression in ARPE-19 cells on the migration, invasion, and tube formation of HUVECs in a non-contact co-culture system / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the effect of inhibiting Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ(CAMKⅡ)expression in adult retinal pigment epithelial cell line-19(ARPE-19)cells on the migration, invasion, and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)in a non-contact co-culture system.METHODS: RNA sequencing was performed on ARPE-19 cells overexpressing CAMKⅡ-δ, and bioinformatics was used to analyze the biological functions of the differentially expressed genes. Transwell inserts was used to construct a non-contact co-culture system of ARPE-19 and HUVECs. The experimental groups included: blank group: only HUVECs were inoculated without ARPE-19 cells; control group: ARPE-19 and HUVECs cells were co-cultured with complete medium; AIP group(CAMKⅡ inhibition group): ARPE-19 cells in AIP(160 nmol/L)were co-cultured with HUVECs in complete medium. The migration, invasion and tube formation abilities of HUVECs were detected. The protein expression levels of CAMKⅡ/AMPK/mTOR/VEGFA were detected by Western blotting.RESULTS:Bioinformatics analysis found that the differentially expressed genes could affect biological processes such as cell growth and death and cell movement. The scratch test and transwell migration test showed that the relative mobility of HUVECs in the AIP group was significantly lower than that in the control group(all P&#x003C;0.05). However, the invasion and tube formation assay showed that the relative invasion rate and tube formation rate of the AIP group were not significantly different from those of the control group(both P&#x003E;0.05). Western blotting results showed that the expression levels of CAMKⅡ, P-mTOR, and VEGFA proteins in the AIP group were significantly lower than those in the control group, while the expression level of the P-AMPK protein was significantly higher than that in the control group(all P&#x003C;0.05).CONCLUSION:In the non-contact co-culture system, inhibition of CAMKⅡ expression in ARPE-19 cells significantly reduced the migration ability of HUVECs, but it cannot change the invasion and tube formation ability, which may be achieved by AMPK/mTOR/VEGFA.

Effect of picroside Ⅱ on the malignant progression of non-small cell lung cancer / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect and mechanism of picroside Ⅱ on the malignant progression of non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. METHODS A549 cells were divided into the control group， picroside Ⅱ low-， medium- and high- concentration groups， K6PC-5 [sphingosine kinase 1 （SPHK1） activator] group， and picroside Ⅱ high-dose+K6PC-5 group. Cell proliferation， migration and invasion were detected. Besides， the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA）， matrix metalloproteinase-2 （MMP-2）， MMP-9， SPHK1， sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 （S1PR3） and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 （ERK1/2） protein in the cells were also observed. BALB/c nude mice were subcutaneously inoculated with A549 cell suspension to establish NSCLC xenograft models. Then they were assigned to the nude mouse-control group， nude mouse-picroside Ⅱ low-， medium- and high-dose groups， nude mouse-K6PC-5 group， and nude mouse-picroside Ⅱ high-dose+K6PC-5 group （with 5 mice in each group） to investigate the effect of picroside Ⅱ on their tumor mass and volume. RESULTS Compared with the control group， the OD450 values， EdU-positive cell rates， scratch healing rates， cell invasion number， and the relative expression levels of PCNA， MMP-2， MMP-9， SPHK1， S1PR3 and ERK1/2 protein in the low-， medium- and high-concentration groups of picroside Ⅱ were significantly decreased. Compared with the nude mouse-control group， the tumor mass and volume in the nude mouse-low-， medium- and high-dose groups of picroside Ⅱ were significantly decreased or shrunk. The changes of above indicators were concentration/dose-dependent （P＜0.05）. The changing trend of the corresponding indicators in the K6PC-5 ZYTS181） group and the nude mouse-K6PC-5 group was opposite （P＜0.05）. Compared with the picroside Ⅱ high-concentration group or the nude mice-picroside Ⅱ high-dose group， the above quantitative indicators in the picroside Ⅱ high- concentration+K6PC-5 group cells and the nude mouse-picroside Ⅱ high-dose+K6PC-5 group nude mice were significantly increased or enlarged （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Picroside Ⅱ may inhibit the malignant progression of NSCLC by inhibiting SPHK1/sphingosine-1-phosphate/S1PR3 signaling pathway.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma derived exosomes regulate the proliferation and migration of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by mediating the miR-99a-5p BAZ2A axis

Abstract Objectives Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignant tumor of nasopharyngeal mucosal epithelium in clinical practice. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the main treatment methods at present, but the therapeutic effect is still unsatisfactory. Studies have shown that exosomes and microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the development of cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of NPC derived exosomes on NPC and their molecular mechanisms. Methods Serum was collected from healthy subjects, Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infected patients and NPC patients (n = 9 group) and exosomes were extracted separately. High-throughput sequencing of exosomes was performed to screen differentially expressed miRNAs. The function of the screened miRNA was identified by treating NPC cells with exosomes. The target gene of miRNA was identified using the dual-luciferase assay. Real-Time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to determine the levels of miR-99a-5p and Bromodomain Adjacent Tozinc finger domain protein 2A (BAZ2A). Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, and wound healing assay were utilized to detect cell viability, cell cycle and apoptosis, and migration ability. The protein levels were evaluated by Western blot. Results MiR-99a-5p was identified as the most significant differentially expressed miRNA in exosomes (p< 0.05). The proliferation and migration of NPC cells were extremely facilitated by exosomes, accompanied by the suppressed apoptosis, upregulated BAZ2A, Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 (MCP1), and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGFA), and downregulation of Interleukin (IL)-1β and Nuclear Transcription Factor-κB (NF-κB) (p< 0.05). BAZ2A was a target gene of miR-99a-5p. Furthermore, the regulatory effect of exosomes on the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis was significantly abolished by overexpression of miR-99a-5p or downregulation of BAZ2A (p< 0.05). Conclusion NPC derived exosomes facilitated the proliferation and migration of NPC through regulating the miR-99a-5p/BAZ2A axis.

Vidas bagaços! Os processos de vulnerabilização enfrentados pelos trabalhadores-migrantes nos canaviais de São Paulo e da Bahia / Bagasse lives! The vulnerability processes faced by migrant workers in the sugarcane fields of São Paulo and Bahia, Brazil

Resumo Objetivo: compreender os processos de vulnerabilização enfrentados pelos trabalhadores-migrantes canavieiros diante do avanço da mecanização. Métodos: abordagem qualitativa pautada na abordagem metodológica da Reprodução Social da Saúde proposta por Juan Samaja, nas dimensões biocumunal, tecnoeconômica e política. Foram realizadas 18 entrevistas semiestruturadas com trabalhadores-migrantes canavieiros no período de abril de 2020 a dezembro de 2021. Resultados: na dimensão tecnoeconômica verificou-se que na usina A o trabalhador se tornou polivalente, com a presença do trabalho em equipe e a introdução de tecnologias para aumentar o controle do trabalho. Na usina B, os trabalhadores encontram piores condições de trabalho devido à irrigação, à irregularidade dos terrenos, à presença de pedras e à exposição às queimadas. Na dimensão biocomunal, foram identificados potencialização dos acidentes, uso de agrotóxicos, distúrbios hidroeletrolíticos e problemas cardiovasculares. Na dimensão política, foi observada a precariedade da assistência à saúde do trabalhador canavieiro. Conclusão: a intensificação da mecanização na colheita de cana-de-açúcar não melhorou as condições de trabalho dos cortadores, ao contrário, provocou a perpetuação de velhos e a inserção de novos processos de vulnerabilização.

Abstract Objective: to understand the processes of vulnerability faced by sugarcane migrant workers in the face of advancing mechanization. Methods: this study adopts a qualitative approach based on the biocommunity, techno-economic and political dimensions of the social reproduction of health proposed by Juan Samaja. In total, 18 semi-structured interviews were conducted with sugarcane migrant workers in the period from April 2020 to December 2021. Results: in the techno-economic dimension, it was found that in Mill A workers have become polyvalent, with the presence of teamwork and the introduction of technologies to increase work control. In Mill B, the workers identified worse working conditions due to irrigation, irregular terrain, rocky geography, and exposure to burnings. In the biocommunity dimension, the greater chance of accidents, the use of pesticides, hydroelectrolytic disorders and cardiovascular problems were identified. In the political dimension the precariousness of health care for sugarcane workers was identified. Conclusion: the intensification of mechanization in sugarcane harvesting has not improved the life of sugarcane workers, on the contrary, it has caused the perpetuation of old vulnerabilities and the insertion of new ones.

Analysis of the causes of cage subsidence after oblique lateral lumbar interbody fusion / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the cage subsidence after oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF) for lumbar spondylosis, summarize the characteristics of the cage subsidence, analyze causes, and propose preventive measures.@*METHODS@#The data of 144 patients of lumbar spine lesions admitted to our hospital from October 2015 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 43 males and 101 females, and the age ranged from 20 to 81 years old, with an average of (60.90±10.06) years old. Disease types:17 patients of lumbar intervertebral disc degenerative disease, 12 patients of giant lumbar disc herniation, 5 patients of discogenic low back pain, 33 patients of lumbar spinal stenosis, 26 patients of lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis, 28 patients of lumbar spondylolisthesis with spondylolisthesis, 11 patients of adjacent vertebral disease after lumbar internal fixation, 7 patients of primary spondylitis in the inflammatory outcome stage, and 5 patients of lumbar degenerative scoliosis. Preoperative dual-energy X-ray bone mineral density examination showed 57 patients of osteopenia or osteoporosis, and 87 patients of normal bone density. The number of fusion segments:124 patients of single-segment, 11 patients of two-segment, 8 patients of three-segment, four-segment 1 patient. There were 40 patients treated by stand-alone OLIF, and 104 patients by OLIF combined with posterior pedicle screw. Observed the occurrence of fusion cage settlement after operation, conducted monofactor analysis on possible risk factors, and observed the influence of fusion cage settlement on clinical results.@*RESULTS@#All operations were successfully completed, the median operation time was 99 min, and the median intraoperative blood loss was 106 ml. Intraoperative endplate injury occurred in 30 patients and vertebral fracture occurred in 5 patients. The mean follow-up was (14.57±7.14) months from 6 to 30 months. During the follow-up, except for the patients of primary lumbar interstitial inflammation and some patients of lumbar spondylolisthesis with spondylolisthesis, the others all had different degrees of cage subsidence. Cage subsidence classification:119 patients were normal subsidence, and 25 patients were abnormal subsidence (23 patients were gradeⅠ, and 2 patients were gradeⅡ). There was no loosening or rupture of the pedicle screw system. The height of the intervertebral space recovered from the preoperative average (9.48±1.84) mm to the postoperative average (12.65±2.03) mm, and the average (10.51±1.81) mm at the last follow-up. There were statistical differences between postoperative and preoperative, and between the last follow-up and postoperative. The interbody fusion rate was 94.4%. The low back pain VAS decreased from the preoperative average (6.55±2.2 9) to the last follow-up (1.40±0.82), and there was statistically significant different. The leg pain VAS decreased from the preoperative average (4.72±1.49) to the final follow-up (0.60±0.03), and the difference was statistically significant (t=9.13, P<0.000 1). The ODI index recovered from the preoperative average (38.50±6.98)% to the latest follow-up (11.30±3.27)%, and there was statistically significant different. The complication rate was 31.3%(45/144), and the reoperation rate was 9.72%(14/144). Among them, 8 patients were reoperated due to fusion cage subsidence or displacement, accounting for 57.14%(8/14) of reoperation. The fusion cage subsidence in this group had obvious characteristics. The monofactor analysis showed that the number of abnormal subsidence patients in the osteopenia or osteoporosis group, Stand-alone OLIF group, 2 or more segments fusion group, and endplate injury group was higher than that in the normal bone mass group, OLIF combined with pedicle screw fixation group, single segment fusion group, and no endplate injury group, and the comparison had statistical differences.@*CONCLUSION@#Cage subsidence is a common phenomenon after OLIF surgery. Preoperative osteopenia or osteoporosis, Stand-alone OLIF, 2 or more segments of fusion and intraoperative endplate injury may be important factors for postoperative fusion cage subsidence. Although there is no significant correlation between the degree of cage subsidence and clinical symptoms, there is a risk of cage migration, and prevention needs to be strengthened to reduce serious complications caused by fusion of cage subsidence, including reoperation.

Congenital syphilis in Roraima and Venezuelan migration: analysis of cases at the state maternity hospital in the 2017/2018 and 2020/2021 biennia / Sífilis congênita em Roraima e a migração venezuelana: análise de casos na maternidade estadual nos biênios 2017/2018 e 2020/2021 / Sífilis congénita en Roraima y migración venezolana: análisis de casos en la maternidad estatal en los bienios 2017/2018 y 2020/2021

Background and objectives: in 2017 and 2018, Roraima experienced the most significant increase in congenital syphilis incidence rates among all federal units. This phenomenon occurred in parallel with the significant Venezuelan migration to the region. The study aimed to analyze the relationship between the increase in cases of congenital syphilis registered at the Hospital Materno Infantil Nossa Senhora de Nazareth and the Venezuelan migratory crisis. Methods: this is a document-based, descriptive research, covering the 2017/2018 and 2020/2021 periods, developed from data collected in copies of congenital syphilis report/investigation forms from the hospital. Results: in the 2017/2018 biennium, the peak of Venezuelan migration in Roraima, fewer cases of syphilis occurred than when the migratory flow declined. In the 2020/2021 biennium, there was a decrease in the migratory flow due to the closing of the border and the acceleration of the interiorization process. Although it is the period with the highest number of reports of congenital syphilis among Venezuelan mothers, the percentage is considerably lower than that recorded among Brazilian women. The incidence rate was higher among the group of Brazilian mothers (7.5/1,000 live births, in the 2017/2018 period, and 11.5/1,000 live births, in the 2020/2021 period). Conclusion: Venezuelan migration, although it may have eventually exerted some influence on the total number of cases of congenital syphilis, cannot be considered the determining factor for the increase in cases of the disease in the hospital in the defined period, and other factors deserve to be assessed as decisive in this case.(AU)

Justificativa e objetivos: em 2017 e 2018, Roraima apresentou o aumento mais significativo nas taxas de incidência de sífilis congênita entre todas as unidades federativas. Este fenômeno ocorreu paralelamente à significativa migração venezuelana para a região. O estudo teve como objetivo analisar a relação entre o aumento de casos de sífilis congênita registrados no Hospital Materno Infantil Nossa Senhora de Nazareth e a crise migratória venezuelana. Métodos: trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, descritiva, abrangendo os períodos 2017/2018 e 2020/2021, desenvolvida a partir de dados coletados em cópias de fichas de notificação/investigação de sífilis congênita do hospital. Resultados: no biênio 2017/2018, pico da migração venezuelana em Roraima, ocorreram menos casos de sífilis do que quando o fluxo migratório diminuiu. No biénio 2020/2021, registou-se uma diminuição do fluxo migratório devido ao encerramento da fronteira e à aceleração do processo de interiorização. Embora seja o período com maior número de notificações de sífilis congênita entre mães venezuelanas, o percentual é consideravelmente inferior ao registrado entre as brasileiras. A taxa de incidência foi maior entre o grupo de mães brasileiras (7,5/1.000 nascidos vivos, no período 2017/2018, e 11,5/1.000 nascidos vivos, no período 2020/2021). Conclusão: A migração venezuelana, embora possa eventualmente ter exercido alguma influência no total de casos de sífilis congênita, não pode ser considerada o fator determinante para o aumento de casos da doença no hospital no período definido, e outros fatores merecem ser destacados. ser considerada decisiva neste caso.(AU)

Antecedentes y objetivos: en 2017 y 2018, Roraima experimentó el aumento más significativo en las tasas de incidencia de sífilis congénita entre todas las unidades federales. Este fenómeno se produjo en paralelo con la importante migración venezolana a la región. El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la relación entre el aumento de casos de sífilis congénita registrados en el Hospital Materno Infantil Nossa Senhora de Nazareth y la crisis migratoria venezolana. Métodos: se trata de una investigación descriptiva, documental, que abarca los períodos 2017/2018 y 2020/2021, desarrollada a partir de datos recolectados en copias de formularios de informe/investigación de sífilis congénita del hospital. Resultados: en el bienio 2017/2018, pico de migración venezolana en Roraima, ocurrieron menos casos de sífilis que cuando el flujo migratorio disminuyó. En el bienio 2020/2021 se produjo una disminución del flujo migratorio debido al cierre de fronteras y la aceleración del proceso de interiorización. Si bien es el período con mayor número de reportes de sífilis congénita entre madres venezolanas, el porcentaje es considerablemente menor que el registrado entre las mujeres brasileñas. La tasa de incidencia fue mayor entre el grupo de madres brasileñas (7,5/1.000 nacidos vivos, en el período 2017/2018, y 11,5/1.000 nacidos vivos, en el período 2020/2021). Conclusión: La migración venezolana, si bien eventualmente pudo haber ejercido alguna influencia en el número total de casos de sífilis congénita, no puede considerarse el factor determinante del aumento de casos de la enfermedad en el hospital en el período definido, y otros factores merecen ser considerados. considerarse decisivo en este caso.(AU)

Statelessness of Children born to Venezuelan Parents in Colombia: Lawmaking without Convincing Policies

This article examines the Colombian legislation against statelessness issued due to the humanitarian emergency in Venezuela in recent years. There have been three waves of Venezuelan migration: the first, in 2005; the second, in 2017; and the last wave, from 2017 to the present day. For this analysis, it was used a qualitative socio-legal method adopting a descriptive approach. The paper affirms that, despite the efforts of Colombian entities to regulate the statelessness of minors born to Venezuelan parents, these regulations contain legal vacua due to a lack of communication between the different State bodies. Such void causes legal contradictions and legal uncertainty in the national system, and, subsequently, violates in a direct manner the fundamental rights of children born to Venezuelan migrants in Colombia.

En el presente artículo se analiza la legislación colombiana contra la apatridia expedida a raíz de la migración ocasionada por la emergencia humanitaria en Venezuela durante los últimos años. La migración venezolana se puede dividir en tres oleadas, la primera en el año de 2005, la segunda en el año de 2010 y la última desde el año de 2017 hasta la actualidad. Para la realización del presente artículo, se utilizó el método cualitativo de carácter sociojurídico con un enfoque descriptivo. Finalmente, se concluye que, a pesar del esfuerzo de las entidades colombianas por regular la apatridia de los menores hijos de padres venezolanos, dicha legislación presenta vacíos normativos por la falta de comunicación de los diferentes órganos del Estado. Dichos vacíos crean contradicciones, generan inseguridad jurídica en el ordenamiento nacional y, ulteriormente, violentan de manera directa los derechos fundamentales de los menores hijos de migrantes venezolanos nacidos en Colombia.

Este artigo analisa a legislação colombiana contra a apatridia emitida como resultado da migração causada pela emergência humanitária na Venezuela nos últimos anos. A migração venezuelana pode ser dividida em três ondas, a primeira em 2005, a segunda em 2010 e a última de 2017 até o presente. Para este artigo, usamos um método sociojurídico qualitativo com uma abordagem descritiva. Por fim, conclui-se que, apesar dos esforços das entidades colombianas para regulamentar a apatridia de menores nascidos de pais venezuelanos, essa legislação apresenta lacunas regulatórias devido à falta de comunicação entre os diferentes órgãos do Estado. Essas lacunas criam contradições, geram insegurança jurídica no sistema jurídico nacional e, consequentemente, violam diretamente os direitos fundamentais das crianças nascidas na Colômbia de migrantes venezuelanos.

Maternidade distante do país de origem: "aqui a gente não tem uma aldeia" / Maternity far from the country of origin: "here we do not have a village" / Maternidad lejos del país de origen: "aquí no tenemos pueblo"

O presente estudo é um recorte de uma pesquisa mais ampla sobre a experiência da maternidade de mulheres brasileiras migrantes. Ele tem como objetivo investigar o apoio recebido por elas no processo de tornar-se mãe. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa na qual foram realizadas, em 2022, sete entrevistas com mulheres brasileiras que vivenciaram gestação, parto e primeiro ano de vida do filho (a) em Portugal, Reino Unido, Itália, Espanha e França. Os resultados apontam para a relevância da presença de pessoas que compartilham da mesma cultura de origem na construção da maternidade e na rede de apoio durante a perinatalidade. Conclui-se que o distanciamento da rede familiar, de amigos e de referenciais da cultura de origem da mulher migrante gerou o aumento das sobrecargas psíquica e física inerentes à maternidade. Ao mesmo tempo, de acordo com as participantes, o distanciamento da família e da cultura de origem proporcionou maior liberdade e abertura para a construção da maternidade, provendo novas representações culturais que contribuíram para a construção de sua forma de ser mãe.(AU)

This study is a segment of a broader research project on the maternity experience of Brazilian migrant women. It aims to investigate the support received by these women in the process of becoming mothers. It encompasses a qualitative research study involving seven interviews conducted in 2022 with Brazilian women who experienced pregnancy, childbirth, and the first year of their child's life in Portugal, the United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, and France. The findings highlight the importance of having individuals sharing the same cultural background in the construction of motherhood and in the support network during the perinatal period. The distance from the family network, friends, and references of the migrant woman's culture of origin generated an increase in the psychic and physical burdens inherent to motherhood. Simultaneously, according to the participants, distancing from family and their cultural origins provided greater freedom and openness in constructing motherhood, offering new cultural representations that contributed to shaping their way of being mothers. (AU)

El presente estudio es parte de una investigación más amplia acerca de la experiencia de la maternidad de las mujeres migrantes brasileñas. Tiene como objetivo investigar el soporte recibido por ellas en el proceso de convertirse en madre. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa en la que, en 2022, se realizaron siete entrevistas con mujeres brasileñas que vivieron el embarazo, el parto y el primer año de vida de su hijo en Portugal, Reino Unido, Italia, España y Francia. Los resultados apuntan para la relevancia de la presencia de personas que comparten la misma cultura de origen en la construcción de la maternidad y en la red de apoyo durante la perinatalidad. Se concluye que el alejamiento de la red familiar, amigos y puntos de referencia de su cultura de origen de la mujer migrante ha generado un aumento de las sobrecargas psíquicas y físicas inherentes a la maternidad. Al mismo tiempo, según las participantes, el alejamiento de la familia y de la cultura de origen les ha proporcionado una mayor libertad y apertura para la construcción de la maternidad, brindando nuevas representaciones culturales que contribuyeron para la construcción de su forma de ser madre. (AU)

Reflexividad ética de un traspié: niñez y adolescencia migrantes no acompañadas

(analítico) El objetivo de este artículo es sistematizar un proceso de reflexividad ética surgido en un proyecto de investigación (Fondecyt) cuyo fin era conocer la situación de la niñez y la adolescencia migrantes no acompañadas en Chile. El proyecto fue aprobado con reparos éticos que hacían difícil poner en práctica métodos participativos. Este «traspié» dio paso a la reflexividad. Mediante una metodología de panel de expertos, creamos un comité de ética autoconvocado (profesionales en derecho y psicología especialistas en infancia) que capacitó al equipo y elaboró recomendaciones y protocolos. En los resultados exponemos algunos dilemas éticos (en torno al consentimiento informado, los derechos de autoría y un balance entre riesgos y beneficios) identificados en las distintas instancias evaluativas, así como los aprendizajes derivados de ello; finalizamos con futuras líneas de investigación.

(analytical) The objective of this article is to systematize a process of ethical reflexivity that emerged in a research project (Fondecyt) whose purpose was to know the situation of unaccompanied migrant children and adolescents in Chile. The project was approved with ethical qualms that made it challenging to implement participatory methods. This «stumble» gave way to reflexivity. Through a Panel of Experts methodology, we created a self-convened ethics committee (professionals in Law and Psychology specializing in childhood) that prepared entry and exit reports with recommendations and protocols and trained the team. In the results, we expose some ethical dilemmas -around informed consent, copyright, and a balance between risks and benefits- identified in the different evaluation instances and the learning derived from it. We end with future lines of research.

(analítico) O objetivo deste artigo é sistematizar um processo de reflexão ética que surgiu em um projeto de pesquisa (Fondecyt) cujo objetivo era conhecer a situação de crianças e adolescentes migrantes desacompanhados no Chile. O projeto foi aprovado com observações éticas que dificultaram a implementação de métodos participativos. Essa dificuldade inesperada impulsionou a reflexividade. Por meio da metodologia de Painel de Especialistas, foi criado um comitê de ética autoconvocado (com profissionais de Direito e Psicologia especializados na infância) que treinou a equipe e desenvolveu recomendações e protocolos. Nos resultados se expõem alguns dilemas éticos -em torno do consentimento informado, direitos autorais e o equilíbrio entre riscos e benefícios- identificados nas diferentes instâncias de avaliação, bem como as aprendizagens delas derivadas; sendo finalizado com futuras linhas de pesquisa.

Estudios nacionales e internacionales en salud oral y migración, una revisión narrativa

El objetivo de esta revisión fue explorar algunos antecedentes en torno de la relación salud oral y migración en tanto tópico de investigación, en el contexto nacional e internacional. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de textos publicados entre 2009 y 2019 en bases de datos electrónicas. Se concluyó que existen interesantes cruces posibles de hacer entre ambos ámbitos y susceptible de abordar desde diferentes técnicas y acercamientos metodológicos. No es, sin embargo, un tema suficientemente explorado dentro de los tópicos sanitarios; lo cual debiera revertirse sobretodo considerando las necesidades de informar e insumar la política pública para nuestro país.

The aim of this review is to explore some records regarding the relationship between oral health and migration as a research topic, in the national and international context. A literature review was made between 2009 and 2019 in electronic databases. It was concluded that there are interesting possible crossovers between both areas, liable to be addressed from different techniques and methodological approaches. However, this matter has not been sufficiently explored within health topics; this should be reversed, especially considering the need to inform and implement public policies in our country.