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Lectins are diverse proteins that bind to carbohydrates and are involved in many important physiological processes. They are highly specific to the sugar molecules they bind and therefore, have many therapeutic and diagnostic applications. There are several lectins that display antiviral, antibacterial antifungal and antitumour activities. Characterization of new lectins paves way for comprehension of their diverse biological roles and mechanism of action, thus aiding in further exploration of lectins in various domains of biology. Here, we endeavoured to purify and characterize lectin from the seed of the legume,Pongamia. Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre (syn. Millettia pinnata), seed lectin (PPSL) was purified conventionally by ammonium-sulfate precipitation followed by size exclusion chromatography. The further lectin was physicochemically characterized by CD, fluorescence spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy and isothermal calorimetry. Hemagglutination studies with various mono and disaccharides showed specificity towards galactose. This specificity was reaffirmed by isothermal studies with appreciable thermodynamic parameters. Lectins have tremendous diagnostic applications. They are used as second-generation drug delivery systems.
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The Leguminosae perennial vines of Callerya and Millettia have many species and wide distribution， not only can be used for medicines， but also they have ornamental and insecticidal effects. With increasing demand for Spatholobi Caulis， and the reserves of wild medicinal materials are on the verge of exhaustion， resulting in the increasing number of mixtures and substitutes in the market， which makes it urgent to study the origin of Spatholobi Caulis. By referring to related literature， there are three major origins of Spatholobi Caulis， including Callerya， Millettia and Spatholobus. Callerya is separated from Millettia， they are divided and united for many times， now the official website of Flora of China has accepted the revision of them as two genera. This paper intends to compare the chemical components and pharmacodynamic effects of Callerya and Millettia， aiming to explore the similarities and differences between the two genera， so as to determine the rationality and necessity of separating Callerya from Millettia. After comparing， it was found that the chemical composition and pharmacodynamic effects of the two genera were different， which supported the separation of Callerya from Millettia， and it was not recommended to mix use of them.
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Ultra-fast performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry( UFLC-MS/MS) was used to study the anti-inflammatory active ingredient of Millettia pachyloba,6-methoxy-8,8-dimethyl-3-( 2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4 H,8 H-pyrano[2,3-f]chromen-4-one( HN-1),in liver microsomes of rats,mice,rhesus monkeys,Beagle dogs and humans metabolic stability,and compare the metabolic differences between different species. The metabolic phenotype in human liver microsomes was determined by chemical inhibitor method. Using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS detection method,the in vitro metabolites of various liver microsomes were preliminarily inferred by comparing the samples incubated for 0 min and 60 min in vitro. The metabolites of HN-1 in SD rats were presumed by comparing feces,urine,plasma blanks and samples after administration. The results showed that the metabolism of HN-1 in various liver microsomes was stable,and the metabolic properties of dog and human liver microsomes were the closest. It is mainly catabolized by CYP1 A1,CYP2 D6 and CYP3 A4 isoenzymes in human liver microsomes. The metabolites of HN-1 in vitro and in vivo,including 3 in vitro metabolites and5 in vivo metabolites,were preliminarily estimated. The results laid the foundation for further pharmacological studies of HN-1.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Humans , Mice , Rats , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Microsomes, Liver , Millettia , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Tandem Mass SpectrometryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for simultaneous determination of multiple metal elements in Millettia speciosa Champ. METHODS: Eight kinds of metal elements, i.e., Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pd, Cd, As, and Se in Millettia speciosa Champ from different origins were determined by microwave digestion and ICP-MS. RESULTS: The contents of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pd, Cd, As, and Se in Millettia speciosa Champ from different origins were slightly different, the contents of Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn were all above 1 mg·kg-1, while the contents of Pd, Cd, As and Se were mostly less than 1 mg·kg-1. The linear correlation coefficient of each metal element was 0.999 2-1.000 0, the average recovery was 87%-110.8%, and the RSDs of the reproducibility test was less than 10%. CONCLUSION: A microwave digestion and ICP-MS method for simultaneous determination of multiple metal elements in Chinese medicine Millettia speciosa Champ is established. The method is simple, sensitive, precise and repeatable, which can be used to determine the contents of metals in Millettia speciosa Champ.
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Objective To explore the mechanism of immunoregulation by investigating the effects of polysaccharides from Millettia speciosa Champ (MSC) on proliferation of spleen lymphocyte and secretion of cytokine in mice.Methods The effects of MSC polysaccharides on Con A-induced spleen T lymphocyte proliferation were determined by MTT.The contents of TNF-α, IL-6 and PGE2 were determined by ELISA.Results The Con A-induced T lymphocyte proliferation was significantly increased by MSC polysaccharides at the concentrations from 50 to 200 μg·mL-1.Coupled with TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly increased while PGE2 was significantly decreased.Conclusion MSC polysaccharides could increase proliferation of spleen lymphocyte and enhance the immune responses by increasing the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 in mice.
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Objective To study the chemical constituents from the roots of Millettia speciosa. Methods The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and ODS column chromatography. The structures were identified by means of spectral data. Results Fifteen compounds were isolated and identified as naringenin (1), liquiritigenin (2), garbanzol (3), 7-hydroxy-6,4′- dimethoxyisoflavone (4), calycosin (5), 2′,5′,7-trihydroxy-4′-methoxyisoflavone (6), 2′-hydroxybiochanin A (7), 6-methoxycalopogonium isoflavone A (8), demethylmedicarpin (9), 4,4′-dihydroxy-2′-methoxychalcone (10), 2′,4′-dihydroxy-4-methoxychalcone (11), rhododendrol (12), secoisolariciresinol (13), bisdihydrosiringenin (14), and polystachyol (15). Conclusion All compounds are obtained from this plant for the first time.
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Objective To compare the immunoregulatory effects of Radix Millettia Speciosa (RM Speciosa) and Radix Millettia Championi (RM Championi)on immunosuppressed mice.Methods Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal control group,CTX model group,LMS positive group,RM Speciosa groups and RM Championi groups (20,10 and 5 g/kg).The mice were treated respectively with drug or NS once a day for consecutive 20 days.Mice in the other groups were injected intraperitoneally with CTX at days 8,10 and 12 to establish immunosuppressed mice model except the normal group.The changes of body weight,immune organ weight,white blood cell (WBC)number,carbon particle clearance capability of macrophages and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH)of mice in all groups were determined and compared.Results Compared with that in CTX group,the WBC number was significantly increased (P0.05).Conclusion Both RM Speciosa and RM Championi can improve the immune function of CTX-induced immunosuppressed mice,and RM Speciosa is slightly superior to RM Championi in improving specific cellular immunity.
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Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the roots of Millettia speciosa (Leguminosae). Methods: Compounds in the 95% ethanol extract from the air-dried roots of M. speciosa were isolated by chromatography on silica gel column together with recrystallization, and their structures were identified by their physicochemical characteristics and spectral features. Results: Sixteen components were isolated from the air-dried roots of M. speciosa and identified as 7-oxo-β-sitosterol (1), aurantiamide acetate (2), shionone (3), maleic acid (4), psoralen (5), N-methylcytisine (6), lupeol caffeate (7), bisdemethoxycurcumin (8), vanillic acid (9), syringic acid (10), 6-methoxydihdyrosanguinarine (11), glycyrrhizic acid (12), (E)-3, 3'-dimethoxy-4, 4'-dihydroxystilbene (13), schisandrol B (14), 7-hydroxylathyrol (15), and nardosinone (16). Conclusion: All the compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time, and compounds 3, 7, 8, 11, and 13-16 are isolated from the plants of Leguminosae for the first time, compounds 2, 4-6, 9, 10 are isolated from the plants of Millettia Wight et Arn. for the first time.
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Objective: To study the chemical constituents from Millettia speciosa. Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS column chromatography, and recrystallization. The structures were identified using physicochemical and spectral data. Results: Thirteen compounds were isolated from M. speciosa and identified as docosanoic acid (1), tetracosane (2), octadecane (3), hexacosanoic acid (4), β-sitosterol acetate (5), β-sitosterol (6), syringin (7), maackiain (8), formononetin (9), ψ-baptigenin (10), rotundic acid (11), pedunculoside (12), and daucosterol (13). Conclusion: Compounds 5, 7, and 10-12 are obtained from this plant for the first time.
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Millettia nitida var.hirsutissima is a Chinese herbal medicine used for the treatment of gynecological diseases.An HPLC/DAD/ESI-MSn method was established for the rapid separation and characterization of bioactive flavonoids in M.nitida var.hirsutissima.A total of 32 flavonoids were detected,of which 14 compounds were unambiguously characterized by comparing their retention time,UV,and MS spectra with those of the reference standards,and the others were tentatively identified based on their tandem mass spectrometry fragmentation data obtained in the negative ionization mode on line.Nineteen of these compounds characterized were reported from this plant for the first time.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Millettia pulchra extracts on tumor necrosis factor ? (TNF-?), prostaglandin E2(PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO) in pleuritis model rats. METHODS: 56 Wistar male rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, dexamethasone (DEX) group, water extract of M.pulchra (TYLS) group (high dose and low dose) and total flavonoids of M.pulchra(FYLS) group (high dose and low dose). After preoperational intragastric administration for 7 days, the pleuritis model was induced by injecting carrageenan into pleural cavity in 30 minutes after the last medication. The amounts of pleurorrhea, leucocyte, TNF-?,PGE2 and NO in the pleurorrhea were measured at 8 hours after modeling. RESULTS: As compared with the model group, in TYLS and FYLS group the pleurorrhea volume, leukocyte amount, contents of TNF-? and PGE2 reduced markedly, but the synthesis of NO had little change.CONCLUSION:M.pulchra Extracts show a marked inhibitive effect on pleuritis. Their anti-inflammation effects may be related to inhibiting the increase of TNF-? and the infiltration and transmigration of leucocytes, but not associate with the synthesis of NO.