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Abstract Increased anxiety and depressive symptoms have reported to be its association with long term illness. Because of having unwanted effects of newly available drugs, patients administering anxiolytic drugs usually discontinue the treatment before they are completely recovered. Therefore, there is a serious need to develop new anxiolytic drugs. The anxiolytic effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Agaricus blazei in animal models was assessed. 24 male mice (Mus musculus genus) were included in the study. Four groups were prepared and each group contained six animals. The groups were vehicle control, positive control (diazepam 1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) as well as two treatment groups receiving Agaricus blazei hydro-alcoholic extract at a dose of 136.50 mg/kg and 273.0 mg/kg orally. The Marble burying test, Nestlet shredding test and Light and Dark box test used to assess anxiolytic activity. Mice administered with diazepam 1.0 mg/kg, i.p. while hydro-alcoholic extract of AbM (136.50 and 273.0 mg/kg, respectively) was administered via oral route which exhibited marked reduction in number of marbles-burying as compared to vehicle control group. Mice administered with diazepam 1.0 mg/kg, i.p. and Oral administration of hydro-alcoholic extract of AbM (136.50 and 273.0 mg/kg, respectively) exhibited significant decrease in nestlet shredding in comparison to vehicle control group. The oral administration of hydro-alcoholic extract at a dose of 136.5mg/kg and 273mg/kg showed elevation in time spent in light box and was comparable to standard treated group while time spent by mice following oral administration of hydro-alcoholic extract of Agaricus blazei at a dose of 273.0 mg/kg also showed elevation and was found to be more near to standard treated group (diazepam 1 mg/kg, i.p.).
Resumo O aumento da ansiedade e dos sintomas depressivos têm relatado sua associação com doenças de longa duração. Por causa dos efeitos indesejáveis dos novos medicamentos disponíveis, os pacientes que administram medicamentos ansiolíticos geralmente interrompem o tratamento antes de estarem completamente recuperados. Portanto, há uma necessidade séria de desenvolver novos medicamentos ansiolíticos. Foi avaliado o efeito ansiolítico do extrato hidroalcoólico de Agaricus blazei em modelos animais. Vinte e quatro camundongos machos (gênero Mus musculus) foram incluídos no estudo. Quatro grupos foram preparados, e cada grupo continha seis animais. Os grupos foram controle de veículo, controle positivo (diazepam 1,0 mg/kg, i.p.), bem como dois grupos de tratamento recebendo extrato hidroalcoólico de Agaricus blazei na dose de 136,50 mg/kg e 273,0 mg/kg por via oral. O teste de enterrar Marble, o teste de retalhamento Nestlet e o teste de caixa clara e escura são usados para avaliar a atividade ansiolítica. Camundongos foram administrados com diazepam 1,0 mg/kg, i.p., enquanto o extrato hidroalcoólico de AbM (136,50 e 273,0 mg/kg, respectivamente) foi administrado por via oral, que exibiu redução acentuada no número de mármores enterrados em comparação com o grupo de controle de veículo. Camundongos administrados com diazepam 1,0 mg/kg, i.p. e a administração oral de extrato hidroalcoólico de AbM (136,50 e 273,0 mg/kg, respectivamente) exibiu diminuição significativa na trituração de ninhos em comparação ao grupo de controle de veículo. A administração oral de extrato hidroalcoólico na dose de 136,5mg/kg e 273mg/kg mostrou elevação no tempo gasto na caixa de luz e foi comparável ao grupo tratado padrão, enquanto o tempo gasto por camundongos após a administração oral de extrato hidroalcoólico de Agaricus blazei na dose de 273,0 mg/kg também mostrou elevação e foi mais próximo do grupo tratado padrão (diazepam 1 mg/kg, ip).
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rabbits , Agaricus , Exploratory Behavior , Disease Models, AnimalABSTRACT
Abstract Increased anxiety and depressive symptoms have reported to be its association with long term illness. Because of having unwanted effects of newly available drugs, patients administering anxiolytic drugs usually discontinue the treatment before they are completely recovered. Therefore, there is a serious need to develop new anxiolytic drugs. The anxiolytic effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Agaricus blazei in animal models was assessed. 24 male mice (Mus musculus genus) were included in the study. Four groups were prepared and each group contained six animals. The groups were vehicle control, positive control (diazepam 1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) as well as two treatment groups receiving Agaricus blazei hydro-alcoholic extract at a dose of 136.50 mg/kg and 273.0 mg/kg orally. The Marble burying test, Nestlet shredding test and Light and Dark box test used to assess anxiolytic activity. Mice administered with diazepam 1.0 mg/kg, i.p. while hydro-alcoholic extract of AbM (136.50 and 273.0 mg/kg, respectively) was administered via oral route which exhibited marked reduction in number of marbles-burying as compared to vehicle control group. Mice administered with diazepam 1.0 mg/kg, i.p. and Oral administration of hydro-alcoholic extract of AbM (136.50 and 273.0 mg/kg, respectively) exhibited significant decrease in nestlet shredding in comparison to vehicle control group. The oral administration of hydro-alcoholic extract at a dose of 136.5mg/kg and 273mg/kg showed elevation in time spent in light box and was comparable to standard treated group while time spent by mice following oral administration of hydro-alcoholic extract of Agaricus blazei at a dose of 273.0 mg/kg also showed elevation and was found to be more near to standard treated group (diazepam 1 mg/kg, i.p.).
Resumo O aumento da ansiedade e dos sintomas depressivos têm relatado sua associação com doenças de longa duração. Por causa dos efeitos indesejáveis dos novos medicamentos disponíveis, os pacientes que administram medicamentos ansiolíticos geralmente interrompem o tratamento antes de estarem completamente recuperados. Portanto, há uma necessidade séria de desenvolver novos medicamentos ansiolíticos. Foi avaliado o efeito ansiolítico do extrato hidroalcoólico de Agaricus blazei em modelos animais. Vinte e quatro camundongos machos (gênero Mus musculus) foram incluídos no estudo. Quatro grupos foram preparados, e cada grupo continha seis animais. Os grupos foram controle de veículo, controle positivo (diazepam 1,0 mg/kg, i.p.), bem como dois grupos de tratamento recebendo extrato hidroalcoólico de Agaricus blazei na dose de 136,50 mg/kg e 273,0 mg/kg por via oral. O teste de enterrar Marble, o teste de retalhamento Nestlet e o teste de caixa clara e escura são usados para avaliar a atividade ansiolítica. Camundongos foram administrados com diazepam 1,0 mg/kg, i.p., enquanto o extrato hidroalcoólico de AbM (136,50 e 273,0 mg/kg, respectivamente) foi administrado por via oral, que exibiu redução acentuada no número de mármores enterrados em comparação com o grupo de controle de veículo. Camundongos administrados com diazepam 1,0 mg/kg, i.p. e a administração oral de extrato hidroalcoólico de AbM (136,50 e 273,0 mg/kg, respectivamente) exibiu diminuição significativa na trituração de ninhos em comparação ao grupo de controle de veículo. A administração oral de extrato hidroalcoólico na dose de 136,5mg/kg e 273mg/kg mostrou elevação no tempo gasto na caixa de luz e foi comparável ao grupo tratado padrão, enquanto o tempo gasto por camundongos após a administração oral de extrato hidroalcoólico de Agaricus blazei na dose de 273,0 mg/kg também mostrou elevação e foi mais próximo do grupo tratado padrão (diazepam 1 mg/kg, ip).
ABSTRACT
Mushroom production technology offers a promising avenue for income generation and sustainable agriculture. However, the extent of adoption of recommended mushroom production technology by mushroom growers in Jabalpur District, Madhya Pradesh, remains a matter of concern. This study aimed to identify the key problems hindering the widespread adoption of recommended practices and propose suitable suggestions to overcome these challenges. The researches involved conducting surveys and interviews with mushroom growers in Jabalpur District to assess their current practices and level of technology adoption. The study revealed several critical issues, including limited awareness and knowledge about modern mushroom cultivation techniques, inadequate access to training and extension services, and the lack of financial resources for adopting advanced technologies. Additionally, the absence of supportive policies and market linkages posed significant barriers for mushroom growers.To address these challenges, several practical recommendations were put forth. First, targeted awareness campaigns and training programs should be organized to educate mushroom growers about the benefits of adopting recommended practices. Secondly, government agencies and agricultural institutions should enhance extension services and provide hands-on technical support to mushroom growers. Moreover, financial institutions should introduce specific loan schemes and subsidies to facilitate the adoption of modern technologies. Strengthening market linkages through farmer-producer organizations and value-chain development initiatives will enable mushroom growers to access better markets and improve their income prospects.Overall, this study sheds light on the obstacles faced by mushroom growers in Jabalpur District concerning the adoption of recommended mushroom production technology. The suggested interventions offer practical solutions to enhance technology uptake and promote sustainable mushroom cultivation practices. Implementing these recommendations can potentially lead to increased productivity, income diversification, and improved livelihoods for mushroom growers in the region.
ABSTRACT
In this study, oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus var. florida (Jacq: Fr) Kummer) were grown with various substrate additions to determine their effects on yield. We ran tests to know different supplements affected the yield and growth of mushrooms. The substrate, composed primarily of sawdust and straw, served as the growth medium. The research encompassed controlled environmental conditions, including temperature, humidity, and light, over a defined study period. Our findings revealed significant variations in mushroom yield and growth parameters across the different supplement treatments. The best supplements to the substrate treatment combination were observed T14- Wheat Straw (60%), + Rice Straw (34 %) + Gram Flour (2% of the substrate) (451.69g) and (452.33g) followed by T11 – Rice Straw (60%), + Wheat Straw (34 %) + Maize Flour (2% of the substrate) which increased the yield of oyster mushroom, while others exhibited nuanced effects on mushroom quality. Statistical analyses supported these observations. The implications of this research extend to both commercial and amateur mushroom cultivators. Understanding the influence of substrate supplements on Oyster mushroom growth can lead to more efficient and cost-effective cultivation practices. By optimizing substrate composition, growers can enhance yields, potentially increasing profitability and sustainability in the mushroom industry. This study also highlights the need for further exploration in the field, including investigations into the specific mechanisms underlying supplement-substrate interactions.
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Milky mushroom (Calocybe indica P&C) is a tropical potentially new species gaining popularity and demand by the mushroom growers especially in South India.As biochemical composition of milky mushrooms are influenced by the growing environmental conditions, research pertaining to these aspects is very meagre and also to compare the nutritional and biochemical composition of three milky mushroom species so that the best species can be selected by the growers, hence the present research work has been taken up to estimate the concentration of proteins, carbohydrates and phytochemical compounds like phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins in three varieties of milky mushrooms namely Calocybe indica, Calocybe gambosa and APK-2 in Mushroom Cultivation Scheme, Department of Plant Pathology, Hyderabad. The results revealed the presence of highest protein and carbohydrates content in Calocybe indica (15.9g, 2.7g) followed by APK-2 (11.2g and 2.1g) and C. gambosa (10.0g and 1.6g) and highest fats in APK-2 (2.0g), followed by C. gambosa(1.4g) and least in C. indica (1.3g) respectively. The secondary metabolites phytochemicals like phenols and tannins were highest content in C. indica (2.3 gm, 1.9mg) followed by C. gambosa (2.2gm, 1.6 mg) and next followed by APK-2 (2.1 gm, 1.5mg). Highest flavonoid content was recorded in C. indica and APK-2 of 1.5mg and least was recorded in C. gambosa of 1.4mg. Highest content of alkaloid was recorded in C. indica of 1.8mg, followed by APK-2 (1.6mg) and C. gambosa (1.5mg).
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A study was conducted to determine the impact of Different Non- Conventional methods of Cultivation on yield and biological efficiency of Volvariella volvaceae. Among the different methods viz., bed method, partial compost method (3 days), partial compost method (6 days), partial compost method (9 days), intact straw + partial compost, Chopped paddy straw in polythene bags, Rolled paddy straw in polythene bag were experimented on yield and biological efficiency. However, the bed method of cultivation proved its well suitability among all the methods tested and gave highest yield and biological efficiency (1920 g and 15.0%) followed by partial compost method (3 days), single layer of straw + partial compost, partial compost (6 days) which exhibited (1025 g and 10.25%), (840 g and 8.40%) and (720 g and 7.20%) respectively. Maximum average weight of sporophore (24.6 g) was observed from bed method of cultivation which was significantly superior amongst all the methods evaluated followed by partial compost (3 days), single layer of straw + partial compost, partial compost (9 days) at 18.30 g, 16.15g and 15.5 g respectively. Smaller sizes of sporophores were noticed on partial compost (6 days) at average weight of 15 g. Average weight of sporophores noticed in chopped paddy straw and rolled paddy in polythene bag method were 12.2 g and 10 g respectively. Considering the major drawback of Volvariella that it has very low biological efficiency, bag method of cultivation was aimed to increase the biological efficiency of paddy straw mushroom.
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A study was conducted to determine the impact of surface sterilization techniques and different quantity of bed substrate on yield and biological efficiency in paddy straw mushroom cultivation. Among the various combinations of sterilization methods i.e., Plain water, Plain water + Calcium oxide @ 2%, Plain water + Bavistin 75 ppm & Formalin 500 ppm and steam sterilization 55 for ½ hour respectively tried on paddy straw substrate, Maximum yield and biological efficiency (1966 g & 15.2%) was obtained. To evaluate the biological efficiency of different layers and quantity of straw in bed method of cultivation i.e., 5 layers (4.0 kg), 4 layers (3.2 kg), 3 layers (2.4 kg) and 2 layers (1.6 kg) were tested. on biological efficiency four layers bed proved its superiority among all the number of substrate layers experimented, and gave highest biological efficiency (17.6%) followed by three layers and five layers (15.2%) and (14.5%) respectively. Two layers of bed (1.6 kg) were found to be less suitable and gave 13.8% biological efficiency of paddy straw. Maximum average weight of sporophores (24.21 g) was observed from four layers of beds followed by three layers and five layers (20.88 g) and (19.98 g) respectively. Smaller size sporophores were noticed in two layers of beds (14.18 g).
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In the 21st century, mushroom is seen as the favoured alternate source of food that would help compensate scarcity of nutritious food as mushroom is grown indoors using vertical space and more specifically address the issues of environment sustainability due to recycling of farm wastes. Mushrooms which were earlier found in the forest and forest areas have now been the most prolific and versatile agricultural and horticultural venture. The current study has been undertaken to study the comparative trends in mushroom growth in Odisha, India and world. China is the leading mushroom producer in the world with a lion share of ninety three per cent while India ranks at sixth position with a contribution of slightly more than half a per cent. Odisha, Bihar, Maharastra contribute nearly one third mushroom production in India. In Odisha four districts i.e., Puri, Ganjam, Khurda, Dhenkanal contribute sixty per cent of total mushroom production in the state. The study indicated that the (Compounded Annual Growth Rate) CAGR of world, India and Odisha in mushroom production from 2013-2022 is three, thirty six and sixteen per cent respectively Rajasthan is witnessing a new dawn in mushroom production as it contributed only one per cent with 1300 tons in 2018, is now contributing five per cent with 15000 tons in 2022 with a CAGR of sixty six per cent. Even if with the favourable climatic condition, production of mushroom in the north eastern states of India is negligible. The button mushroom which is the highest contributor in India with seventy three percent contributes only eleven per cent in the world level and one per cent in Odisha. Similarly paddy straw mushroom that contributes almost sixty six per cent in Odisha has a meagre contribution of only one per cent in the global level and seven per cent in India. Oyster mushroom has a uniform share of twenty six per cent in the world, sixteen per cent in India and thirty three per cent in Odisha. It may be estimated that if the current growth rate continues then in the next five years by 2027 the world mushroom production will be around fifty million tons, while the mushroom production in India and Odisha would stand at around six lakhs tons and sixty five thousand tons respectively.
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This paper reported a case of poisoning caused by ingestion of Amanita neoovoidea. The patient experienced nausea, vomiting, oliguria, acute renal function injury, and was discharged after symptomatic support treatment and blood purification treatment. Given the different toxicity of different mushrooms, species identification of poisonous mushrooms can help clinicians in diagnosis and treatment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Amanita , Acute Kidney InjuryABSTRACT
Food-dependent, exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA) is a potentially life-threatening disorder that often occurs with exercise, and patients typically have eaten a specific food within hours before disease onset. This disease is exceedingly rare, with a prevalence of 0.02%. No well-recognized prevention or treatment strategy has been available for FDEIA except avoiding triggers strictly. Here we report an 11-year-old boy with a history of recurrent anaphylaxis of unknown etiology more than 10 times within two years. As the anaphylactic symptoms had not been controlled after traditional treatments, the patient was given subcutaneous injection of dupilumab seven times within 33 weeks. During dupilumab treatments, the patient was exposed to culprit mushrooms plus exercises at least twice a month but without notable anaphylaxis. Thus, Dupilumab may improve the allergic reactions in FDEIA patients.
Subject(s)
Male , Humans , Child , Anaphylaxis/etiology , Food Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Exercise-Induced Allergies , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic useABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#To explore the cytotoxicity of four wild mushrooms involved in a case of Yunnan sudden unexplained death (YNSUD), to provide the experimental basis for prevention and treatment of YNSUD.@*METHODS@#Four kinds of wild mushrooms that were eaten by family members in this YNSUD incident were collected and identified by expert identification and gene sequencing. Raw extracts from four wild mushrooms were extracted by ultrasonic extraction to intervene HEK293 cells, and the mushrooms with obvious cytotoxicity were screened by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). The selected wild mushrooms were prepared into three kinds of extracts, which were raw, boiled, and boiled followed by enzymolysis. HEK293 cells were intervened with these three extracts at different concentrations. The cytotoxicity was detected by CCK-8 combined with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) Assay Kit, and the morphological changes of HEK293 cells were observed under an inverted phase contrast microscope.@*RESULTS@#Species identification indicated that the four wild mushrooms were Butyriboletus roseoflavus, Boletus edulis, Russula virescens and Amanita manginiana. Cytotoxicity was found only in Amanita manginiana. The raw extracts showed cytotoxicity at the mass concentration of 0.1 mg/mL, while the boiled extracts and the boiled followed by enzymolysis extracts showed obvious cytotoxicity at the mass concentration of 0.4 mg/mL and 0.7 mg/mL, respectively. In addition to the obvious decrease in the number of HEK293 cells, the number of synapses increased and the refraction of HEK293 cells was poor after the intervention of Amanita manginiana extracts.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The extracts of Amanita manginiana involved in this YNSUD case has obvious cytotoxicity, and some of its toxicity can be reduced by boiled and enzymolysis, but cannot be completely detoxicated. Therefore, the consumption of Amanita manginiana is potentially dangerous, and it may be one of the causes of the YNSUD.
Subject(s)
Humans , HEK293 Cells , Sincalide , China , Amanita , Death, SuddenABSTRACT
The fatality rate of liver failure caused by fatal amanita poisoning is high, and there are no effective antidote drugs in China. On July 30, 2020, the department of infectious diseases and liver diseases of the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province admitted a 67-year-old female patient with liver failure caused by fatal amanita poisoning. The patient went to the emergency department for treatment due to abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea after eating 350-400 g of amanita mushroom for 2 days, accompanied by fatigue for 1 day. There was no abnormality in physical examination. Laboratory indexes: alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 4 798 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 10 030 U/L, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) 57.5 s, prothrombin time (PT) 72.1 s, international normalized ratio (INR) 8.66, prothrombinactivity (PA) 10%. Based on the patient's medical history, clinical manifestations and laboratory data, the diagnosis was amanita peptide mushroom poisoning and acute liver failure. According to the mechanism of amanita toxin poisoning as enterohepatic circulation, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and ultrasound-guided gallbladder puncture and drainage for drainage of bile to discharge toxins were performed to interrupt the enterohepatic circulation of toxins. However, both methods failed, so open cholecystostomy was performed. Because the patient's coagulation function was very poor, artificial hepatic plasma exchange was given to improve coagulation function before open cholecystostomy, and eventually bile was drained successfully. After a total of 19 days of comprehensive medical treatment, the patient was cured and discharged from the hospital, and no sequelae was found after 1 year of follow-up. For such patients, early identification of the disease is required, and blocking the enterohepatic circulation of toxins as soon as possible according to the characteristics and toxicological mechanism of toxins may be the key treatment for rescuing patients with liver failure poisoned by amanita toxin, and it is necessary to combine comprehensive treatments such as active fluid replacement and blood purification to further improve the survival rate.
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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics,clinical manifestations and treatment of hallucinogenic boletus poisoning patients,and to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the epidemiological data,clinical manifestations,laboratory tests,treatment and outcomes of 36 patients with hallucinogenic boletus poisoning in our hospital from 2015 to 2022,and identified the species of mushrooms responsible for poisoning the patients.Results Of the 36 cases,32 cases were poisoned from June to September,24 cases were poisoned in towns and 12 cases in the countryside.Twenty-three patients were poisoned after eating multiple meals.Thirty-five patients ate Boletus lanmao identified by using genetic fingerprint and 7 ate Lanmaoa asiatica by using genetic sequence comparison.The incubation period of poisoning ranged from 1 to 48 h,with a median(quartile)of 19.0(12.0,24.8)h.All 36 cases had hallucinatory symptoms.Other symptoms were agitation and irritability in 21 cases,consciousness disorders in 29 cases,motor disorders in 21 cases,speech disorders in 19 cases and gastrointestinal symptoms in 18 cases.Laboratory tests showed that 16 patients had increased white blood cells(WBC)and percentage of neutrophils(NEUT%)and decreased percentage of lymphocyte(LY%).After fluid resuscitation combined with sedation and antipsychotic medication,all patients were cured and discharged from the hospital,of which 33 cases were discharged within 7 days.Conclusion Hallucinogenic boletus mushroom poisoning mainly occurs in summer and fall,the poisoned mushrooms are mainly Lanmaoa asiatica mushrooms,the incidence of poisoning is high in patients eating multiple meals,and the typical symptom is hallucination,and the patients can be cured through active symptomatic supportive treatment.
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Pleurotus ostreatus cv. Florida is one of the widely used edible mushroom. The polysaccharides from this mushrooms have been studied for antidiabetic potential; however, no efforts have been made to explore the potential of this mushroom to influence carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes viz. ?-amylase and ?-glucosidase. The present work was undertaken to investigate the inhibitory potential of Pleurotus ostreatus cv. Florida on enzymes ?-amylase and ?-glucosidase. Several concentrations of extracts were used to study inhibition of enzymatic activity of ?-amylase and ?-glucosidase. A dose dependent inhibitory effect on enzymes was observed. The current study, for the first time, uncovered ?-amylase and ?-glucosidase inhibitory potential of Pleurotus ostreatus cv. Florida. The study could be helpful to isolate and characterize compounds responsible for it.
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Proteases are ubiquitously present and are among the largest groups of commercially important enzymes. Here, we investigated a wood-rot basidiomycete Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd [Syn. Coriolus versicolor (L.) Quél.; Polyporus versicolor (L.) Fr.] as a source of the enzyme serine protease, its production, and optimized to obtain a higher yield of the enzyme.. The significant variables with optimized values for maximum production of the enzyme were temperature (30?C), incubation time (120 h) and wheat bran (10 g). The yield increased by 30.76% by statistically optimizing the media. The optimized temperature and pH for the maximum protease activity was 50?C and pH 7.0, respectively. The enzyme was purified through ion exchange (using DEAE cellulose 52 resin) and gel filtration chromatography (using Superdex 200 column). The purified enzyme had a retention time of 7 min in RP-HPLC. The enzyme was stable at a broad range of temperature (30-60?C) and pH (5.0-8.0) with a half-life of 58.72 min, Vmax of 37.17 ?M min/mL and Km of 0.657 mg/mL. Its activity was enhanced by Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ ions and SDS surfactant. These properties make this enzyme a valuable candidate for industrial applications
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Cardiotoxicity induced by anticancer drug; doxorubicin (DOX) is a limiting factor for its prolonged use in chemotherapy. No effective drug is currently available to prevent DOX induced cardiomyopathy. Ganoderma lucidum is highly valued medicinal mushroom used in traditional medicine. Mycelia biomasses are considered as alternate sources of mushroom bioactive compounds. We examined the effect of bioactive extract of G. lucidum mycelia biomass (GLME) to prevent cardiotoxicity induced by DOX in rats using a cumulative dose 18 mg/kg body wt. GLME was administered to animals at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body wt. once daily for five days prior to DOX administration and continued for three more days. Animals were sacrificed 24 h after the last dose of drug. Activities of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), endogenous antioxidant status, oxidative stress markers, electrocardiograph (ECG) and haematological parameters were evaluated. DOX administration drastically elevated CK, LDH, myocardial peroxidation and oxidative stress and significantly lowered endogenous antioxidant activity. GLME administration attenuated elevated levels of CK, LDH and oxidative stress and also ameliorated alterations in haematological and ECG parameters. Results revealed that bioactive extract of G. lucidum mycelia imparted significant protection against DOX induced cardiomyopathy suggesting the potential therapeutic significance of G. lucidum mycelia bioactives to alleviate DOX induced cardiomyopathy.
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The present paper reports occurrence of 15 species of mites under 10 families and 12 genera collected from edible and wild mushrooms from three districts of West Bengal during, September 2021 to April 2022. Among the mites, there were 9 predatory and 3 each of damage causing and of uncertain association. All the species have been listed giving collection data and remarks pertaining to their importance as damage causing, predatory, or of uncertain association. The mites like Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Fuscuropoda marginata and Leiodinychus krameri were abundantly encountered and were regarded as pest species. Similarly, the mites like Parasitus consanguineous and Asca biswasi were observed to be predator in nature
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A 77-year-old male farmer sustained severe abdominal cramping pain for one hour. Contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) showed a 5.2 cm, oval lesion with interior mottled gas and slightly hyperdense component in the small bowel loop causing distension of the proximal small bowel loop. CT diagnosis of a bezoar in the small bowel causing bowel obstruction was made. Exploratory laparotomy disclosed a foreign body of soft texture in the jejunum located at 150 cm from the ligament of Treitz. A whole, undigested shiitake mushroom was noted after incision of the bowel. The patient had an uneventful course during the 9 days of hospitalization. The patient had recalled that he did not have any teeth and did not use dentures during eating, and accidentally swallowed the shiitake mushroom 2 days before the incident occurred
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Introduction: Determination of difference between conventional and passive self?ligating brackets (SLBs) in respect of extraction space closure, patient perception and root resorption. Material and Methods: Eighty patients were divided into four groups of 20 each with age?sex?matched control using a simple randomisation technique and allocation concealment with a closed opaque envelope method. Group 1 consisted of conventional brackets with Connecticut New Archwire (CNA) wire mushroom loop, group 2 consisted of conventional brackets with TAD (AbsoAnchor, Korea) supported retraction, group 3 consisted of passive SLB with CNA archwires (Libral Traders, India) mushroom loop and group 4 consisted of passive SLB brackets with TAD (AbsoAnchor, Korea) supported retraction. The rate of retraction, root resorption and patient satisfaction were assessed. All conventional brackets (Orthox, USA) and passive SLBs (CaptainOrtho, India) had 0.018 Roth prescriptions with a slot size of 0.018 × 0.025. Results: Retraction was the fastest in group 2 with a mean of 1.266 ± 0.14 mm/4 week and a duration of 23.40 weeks. Similarly, group 4 showed the most sluggish movement with a mean of 1.182 ± 0.80 mm/4 weeks with a total duration of 25 weeks; howeverdifferencesce among groups were not statistically significant (P = 0.470). Conclusion: SLBs have advantage of better patient comfort, less pain and reduced chairside time. Though the present study found increased treatment duration with SLB along with friction mechanics, refuting the previous claims of reduced friction with SLBs, however, the difference was not statistically significant and results have to be extrapolated with caution and experience considering other advantages of SLBs.
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Quality spawns are an important factor to support the success of button mushroom cultivation. The quality of mushroom spawn is in?uenced by the nutritional composition of the media. The purpose of this study was to determine the best media for the growth of F0 and F1 button mushroom. The research was carried out in March-May 2021 at the Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Agroindustry, University of Mercu Buana Yogyakarta. The study consisted of 2 series of experiments. This study consisted of 2 series of experiments. The ?rst experiment was to test the growth quality of F0 champignon on 3 types media, that is potato dextrose agar (PDA),mung been sprout extract media, and white sweet potato media. The second experiment tested the growth quality of F1 button mushroom grown on three types of media, that is corn, barley and sorghum. Both experiment were single factor trials arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications, and each replication consisted of 5 units. The results showed that the growth of F0 button mushroom grown on PDA media and mung bean sprout extract was better than white sweet potato extract media. For the growth of F1 button mushroom, the best media was corn, the second was sorghum and the third was barley