Nuevos nombres para antiguas especies fúngicas de importancia médica

En las últimas décadas ha existido un reordenamiento de los géneros y especies fúngicas de importancia médica debido a los constantes avances en la biología molecular. Desde la declaración de Amsterdam en el año 2011, se han ido abandonando la taxonomía de dos nombres (sexual y asexual) por cada especie, además se ha priorizado al primer nombre descrito. Dado que se recomienda comenzar a utilizar los nombres actualizados de los géneros y especies de levaduras y hongos filamentosos, se propone una transición utilizando el nombre actual, y el antiguo entre paréntesis escrito con minúscula, con el fin de evitar confusiones en los médicos clínicos ya acostumbrados a la nomenclatura previa.

In recent decades there has been a rearrangement of fungal genera and species of medical importance due to constant advances in molecular biology. Since the Amsterdam declaration in 2011, the taxonomy of two names (sexual and asexual) for each species has been abandoned, and the first name described has also been prioritized. Since it is recommended to start using the updated names of the genera and species of yeasts and filamentous fungi, a transition is proposed using the current name, and the old one in parentheses written with lower case, in order to avoid confusion in clinician physicians already accustomed to the previous nomenclature.

Confundibilidad marcaria en los productos farmacéuticos / Trademark confusion in pharmaceutical products

Se describe una visión multidisciplinaria del problema de confundibilidad de las marcas en los productos farmacéuticos y su repercusión en la salud de la población. Expresan sus opiniones expertos de distintos países, que fueron convocados por la Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales (FLACSO) en un conversatorio realizado en octubre de 2022. Se tratan diversos aspectos: a) el riesgo de confusión en la identificación del producto farmacéutico, b) el registro de marcas farmacéuticas en Brasil y a nivel europeo, c) los medicamentos LASA y los riesgos de similitudes de fonética y grafía, d) el examen de patentes de invención y el estudio de marcas de productos farmacéuticos. Todo ello en el marco de su relación con la seguridad del paciente. (AU)

A multidisciplinary vision of the problem of confusion of brands in pharmaceutical products and its impact on the health of the population is described. Experts from different countries who were convened by the Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences (FLACSO) expressed their opinions in a discussion held in October 2022. Various aspects were discussed: a) the risk of confusion in the identification of the pharmaceutical product, b) the registration of pharmaceutical trademarks in Brazil and at a European level, c) LASA drugs and the risks of phonetic and spelling similarities, d) the examination of invention patents and the study of trademarks of pharmaceutical products. All this within the framework of its relationship with patient safety. (AU)

Discussion on evolution of Mongolian medicinal material names and countermeasures for standardization / 中草药·英文版

Mongolian pharmacy is an important part of traditional medicine for the Chinese nation, with a long history and a complete theoretical system. The Mongolian people have accumulated and summarized the types and usage of Mongolian medicines in the practice of fighting against diseases over a long history. Mongolian medicinal resources are rich and diverse, the processing is self-contained, and the methods of medication are scientific and reasonable. Mongolian pharmacy not only has a deep historical relationship with traditional Chinese medicine but has also absorbed the essence of ancient Tibetan and Indian Ayurvedic medicine in the process of its development. We can identify the historical traces of the continuous exchange, communication, and integration of various ethnic medicinal cultures from the names of Mongolian medicinal materials. Because of the differences in languages and cultures of the various ethnic groups, the names of Mongolian medicinal materials have undergone a long historical period of evolution. These need to be further standardized owing to complications caused by the existence of synonyms and homonyms.

The study regarding pharmaceutical raw material of animal derived medicine in “Ocean of medicine names” / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

Introduction@#The development of Mongolian Traditional Medicine has been closely related to the Indian Ayurvedic medicine in the beginning, and the history of Tibetan medicine since the late middle ages. Therefore, it was impossible to conduct a study without including the historical texts of Tibetan medicine within history of Mongolian Traditional medicine. The scientists from the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China included "Materia medica of Tara", "Materia medica of Manjushri", "Materia medica of Yuthog” in the traditional medicinal ancient scripture. However, in recent times, although it has been considered that the "Ocean of medicine names" scripture of Karmapa Rangjung Dorje (1284-1339), the 3rd incarnating lama of Buddhist Karmapa sect should be included in the ancient reference book of pharmacology of Traditional medicine, there is no study aimed to study the ancient medicine in detail. Due to that we aimed to study the ancient pharmacology reference book in detail. @*Goal@#We aimed to clarify the hidden meaning, science or use of the names of raw materials in the fauna of the "Ocean of medicine names". @*Materials and Methods@#We conducted the study by using manuscripts, primary source methods, checklist method, and analysis synthesis method. We have used following materials Ocean of medicine names and Beautiful eyed ornament.@*Results@#Karmapa Rangjung Dorje's " Ocean of medicine names" was a novel written in the form of a narrative of the properties of 768 medicinal raw materials divided into 11 groups. When these 11 groups were divided into plant, animal, and mineral raw materials, the percentage of each was determined as following: plants 462 (60.2%), 130 (17%), 91, 127 (16.5%), 23 (3%), and 26 (3.3%) of these raw materials from plants, minerals, animals, raw materials, extracts and tincture, respectively. </br>Also, the fauna was divided into humans, large meat, meat products, bones, vital bones, horns, bile, feathers, hair, feces, oil, milk, yogurt, and others. We differentially counted them by 8 faunas of animals and identified 90 animals and 116 raw material types. @*Conclusion@#There are more than 1.5 million species of all kinds of animals in the world. Most of these are occupied by insects. Forests, mountains, steppes, deserts, oceans, rivers, farmlands, urban gardens, homes, and any part of the biosphere are bound to encounter animals. </br>Medicines of animal origin occupy a very important place in modern medicine. High biologically active hormones and enzymes are extracted from internal and external excretory glands of animals and used for treatment. Lungs, eyes, blood, and bile are valuable raw materials for medicine.

Application of teaching method for the interpretation of acupoint names in the course of Science of Meridians and Acupoints / 中国针灸

The paper summarizes the valuable experience of the famous teachers of all generations in the teaching & research room of meridians and acupoints of Beijing University of CM. The shortcomings are presented when the acupoints are explained in accordance with the flowing route of meridians in classroom teaching of Science of Meridians and Acupoints. Hence, it is proposed that the acupoint names should be interpreted specially for the acupoints distributed on the same meridians or adjacent ones. It is suggested to emphasize the correlation of each acupoint with its adjacent ones from the perspective of the cultural connotation of acupoint names, and then, the differences and similarities in their clinical indications can be analyzed. Eventually, a new approach to the classroom teaching of Science of Meridians and Acupoints may be provided to guide the excavation of traditional cultural connotation and establish the cultural self-confidence and professional identity.

"Clara, esta sou eu!" Nome, acesso à saúde e sofrimento social entre pessoas transgênero / "Clara, that's me!" Name, access to health care and social suffering among transgender people / "¡Clara, esta soy yo!" Nombre, acceso a la salud y sufrimiento social entre personas transgénero

Esta pesquisa qualitativa objetivou compreender as relações entre acesso a serviços de saúde e experiências de sofrimento social entre pessoas trans. Foram conduzidas entrevistas semiestruturadas com cinco interlocutores e observações participantes. Os dados foram analisados por meio da codificação temática, originando duas categorias: "A negação do nome" e "Acesso à saúde e transfobia institucionalizada no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS)". As narrativas das/os interlocutores permitiram localizar tais relações na sociogênese de experiências de sofrimento social. A negação do nome implica negação da humanidade da pessoa trans, bem como patologização de sua identidade e prejuízos no acesso à saúde, colocando a automedicação como uma possibilidade de agência. Concluiu-se que a transfobia institucionalizada no setor de saúde reproduz a precarização da cidadania de pessoas trans, destacando quanto a ação estatal com vistas a mitigar o sofrimento social pode, por vezes, intensificá-lo. (AU)

The aim of this qualitative study was to understand the relationships between access to health services and experiences of social suffering among trans people. We conducted semi-structured interviews with five participants and participant observation. The data were analyzed using thematic coding, giving rise to two categories: "Name denial" and "Access to health care and institutionalized transphobia in Brazilian National Health System". The participants' narratives allowed the researchers to situate these relationships within the sociogenesis of social suffering experiences. Name denial implies the negation of the humanity of trans people and pathologization of their identity, and compromises access to health care, making self-medication a possibility of agency. We conclude that institutionalized transphobia in the public health care system reproduces the precariousness of the citizenship of trans people, highlighting how government actions aimed at mitigating social suffering can sometimes intensify it. (AU)

Esta investigación cualitativa tuvo el objetivo de comprender las relaciones entre acceso a servicios de salud y experiencias de sufrimiento social entre personas trans. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con cinco interlocutores y observaciones participantes. Los datos se analizaron por medio de la codificación temática originando dos categorías: "La negación del nombre" y "Acceso a la salud y transfobia institucionalizada en el Sistema Único de Salud". Las narrativas de los interlocutores permitieron localizar tales relaciones en la sociogénesis de experiencias de sufrimiento social. La negación del nombre implica la negación de la humanidad de la persona trans, así como la patologización de su identidad y prejuicios en el acceso a la salud, planteando la automedicación como una posibilidad de agencia. Se concluyó que la transfobia institucionalizada en el sector de la salud reproduce la precarización de la ciudadanía de personas trans, destacando hasta qué punto la acción estatal dirigida a mitigar el sufrimiento social puede, algunas veces, intensificarlo. (AU)

Os passos preliminares de Lacan em direção aos nomes do pai / Lacan's preliminary steps towards the names of the father / Los pasos preliminares de Lacan en dirección a los nombres del padre

Este artigo tenciona percorrer o caminho apontado por Lacan em sua única aula do seminário sobre os nomes do pai, em 1963, que orientaria a direção do ensino daquele ano. Recuperamos as aulas então indicadas, relativas aos Seminários 5, 7 e 9, à luz do que foi desdobrado posteriormente, envolvendo, em especial, a questão do pai e do nome próprio. Articulamos, ainda, as pistas de sua única aula do seminário inacabado com algumas elaborações espalhadas ao longo do Seminário 10, empreitada que nos permite vislumbrar relações do objeto voz com a nominação e com a angústia, apontando para as formulações ulteriores de Lacan sobre a père-version no Seminário 22.

This article intends to go through the way traced by Lacan in his sole class at the seminar about the names of the father, in 1963, which would guide those who wanted to see in which direction his teaching would advance that year. Thus, we made a reading of the classes indicated by Lacan himself from the Seminars 5, 7, and 9, through the light of what was further elaborated in his theory, involving specially the question of the father and the own name. Later on, we tried to articulate the clues of his only class from the unfinished seminar along with some ideas spread throughout Seminar 10, a work that allows us to foresee the relations of the object voice with the naming and with the overcoming of anxiety, which already points to ulterior formulations of Lacan about père-version in seminar 22.

Este artículo intenta trazar el camino apuntado por Lacan en su única clase del seminario sobre los nombres del padre, en 1963, que guiaría la dirección de su enseñanza en ese año. Para tanto, hicimos la lectura de las clases indicadas por el propio Lacan en los Seminarios 5, 7 y 9, a la luz de lo que se desplegó después en la teoría, en especial, con la cuestión del padre y la del nombre propio. También articulamos las pistas de su única clase del seminario inacabado con algunas elaboraciones dispersas a lo largo del Seminario 10, trabajo que nos permite vislumbrar las relaciones del objeto voz con la nominación y la superación de la angustia, apuntando para las formulaciones ulteriores de Lacan sobre la père-version en el seminario 22.

A questão do sigilo em pesquisa e a construção dos nomes fictícios / La cuestión del secreto en investigación y la construcción de nombres ficticios / The secrecy matter in researches and the manufacturing of fictional names

Resumo: Neste texto buscamos discutir a questão do sigilo em pesquisa a partir da maneira como citamos as pessoas que participaram de nossas oficinas de sensibilização corporal nos nossos relatórios de pesquisa. Para isso, partimos do problema do sigilo em pesquisa apresentado por Vinciane Despret (2011a) e da possibilidade de construir uma pesquisa encarnada, tendo como metodologia a proposta de PesquisarCom de Marcia Moraes (2011). A partir destes referenciais teórico-metodológicos, apresentamos nossa proposta de criar nomes fictícios que eram construídos nas oficinas pelos próprios participantes. Na elaboração das mesmas, optamos por esta estratégia por compreender que os nomes, ao mesmo tempo que carregam a historicidade dos sujeitos, também dificultam a produção de novos sentidos para os corpos e afetos inseridos em nosso dispositivo. Além disso, compreendemos que a escrita dos nomes num texto acadêmico ou relatório de pesquisa possui um sentido de verdade ao qual gostaríamos de escapar. Percebemos que a escolha dos nomes fictícios performou novas possibilidades de nomeação que não poderiam emergir em qualquer outro dispositivo, pois diz respeito à maneira como aqueles nomes foram construídos naquele grupo. Partilhar a feitura dos nomes gerou um efeito interessante de partilha e afeto, uma vez que todas as pessoas que participam das oficinas tiveram a oportunidade de construir novos sentidos acerca de seus corpos e afetos também a partir dos nomes criados coletivamente.

Resumen: En este texto buscamos discutir la cuestión del secreto en investigación a partir de la manera como citamos a las personas que participaron de nuestros talleres de sensibilización corporal en nuestros informes de investigación. Para ello, partimos del problema del sigilo en investigación presentado por Vinciane Despret (2011a) y de la posibilidad de construir una investigación encarnada, teniendo como metodología la propuesta de PesquisarCom de Marcia Moraes (2011). A partir de estas referencias teórico-metodológicas, presentamos nuestra propuesta de crear nombres ficticios que eran construidos en los talleres por los propios participantes. En la elaboración de las mismas, optamos por esta estrategia por comprender que los nombres, al mismo tiempo que cargan la historicidad de los sujetos, también dificultan la producción de nuevos sentidos para los cuerpos y afectos insertados en nuestro dispositivo. Además, comprendemos que la escritura de los nombres en un texto académico o informe de investigación tiene un sentido de verdad al que nos gustaría escapar. Se percibió que la elección de los nombres ficticios desempeñó nuevas posibilidades de nombramiento que no podrían emerger en ningún otro dispositivo, pues se refiere a la manera como esos nombres fueron construidos en aquel grupo. Compartir la creación de los nombres generó un efecto interesante de compartir afecto, ya que todas las personas que participaron en los talleres tuvieron la oportunidad de construir nuevos sentidos acerca de sus cuerpos y afectos también a partir de los nombres creados colectivamente.

Abstract: In this article, we will discuss the secrecy matter in researches by addressing the way we quoted people that participated in our workshops of body sensibilization in our research reports. To do so, we work with the issue of secrecy in researches as it's presented by Vinciane Despret (2011a) and also with the possibility of building an embodied research, having as method Marcia Moraes (2011) PesquisarCom. Starting with these theoretical-methodological referential, we present our proposition of creating fictional names which were crafted in the workshops by the participants themselves. As we planned the workshops, we chose this strategy for understanding that the names, at the same time that carry the subjects' historicity, interfere with the production of new meanings for the bodies and affections in our research device. Besides, we also understand that subjects' identification in an academic text or research report carry a truth sense which we'd like to avoid. We perceived those names' choices performed new possibilities of designation which could not emerge in any other device, because it says about the way those names were crafted in that group specifically. Sharing the names' crafting produced an interesting effect of sharing and affection, for all the workshops' participants had the opportunity of fabricating new meanings about their bodies and affections from the collective creation of the fictional names.

Assessment of prescription writing practices in a government tertiary care hospital in Haryana by using WHO prescribing indicators

Background: Writing a prescription is a combination of science and art. Good quality prescriptions are a sign of prescriber’s expertise. World Health Organization has defined certain parameters to promote rational drug use in all countries. This study was designed to assess the prescription writing practices in a government tertiary care hospital in Haryana by using WHO prescribing indicators.Methods: A total of 2155 prescriptions were evaluated. Each prescription was evaluated for average number of drugs prescribed per patient per encounter, percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name, percentage of encounters with an antibiotic prescribed, percentage of encounters with an injection prescribed and percentage of medicines from Essential drug list prescribed. These indicators help us to check polypharmacy, practice of prescribing drugs by brand names, antibiotic overuse, preference of injectables and non-adherence to Essential drug list.Results: The average number of drugs prescribed per patient per encounter was calculated to be 3.25±0.24. The percentage of medicines prescribed by generic names was 35.89%. Percentage of encounters with an antibiotic prescribed was 48.21 % and with an injection prescribed was 1.85%. The percentage of medicines form NLEM was 76.36%.Conclusions: The values of WHO prescribing indicators obtained from this study show that there are some areas where the prescribers need to improve their prescribing practices.

Determinación de endogamia mediante método de isonimia en la población de Runta, Boyacá, Colombia / Determination of inbreeding by isonymy in the population of Runta, Boyacá, Colombia

Resumen Introducción. Dado el hallazgo de enfermedades raras de herencia recesiva en un número mayor de pacientes al esperado, estudios recientes han sugerido la ]presencia de un aislado poblacional en la vereda de Runta, en el departamento de Boyacá, Colombia. Esto indica la probabilidad de una tasa de consanguinidad aumentada en dicha población. Objetivos. Determinar los parámetros de endogamia mediante isonimia para analizar la estructura poblacional de la vereda Runta y ayudar a elucidar las causas de la aparición de estas enfermedades. Materiales y métodos. Se establecieron seis parámetros indicativos de estructura poblacional basados en los apellidos registrados en la base de datos del Sistema de Identificación y Selección de Potenciales Beneficiarios de Programas Sociales de los habitantes de Runta. Resultados. Se obtuvo coeficiente de endogamia (θii) de 0.0083, alfa de Fisher (α) de 30.0447 y estimativos A, B y C de 0.0379, 0.3413 y 0.4669, respectivamente. La mayoría de los individuos se encontraron agrupados en los apellidos más frecuentes de la población. Los parámetros de isonimia en Runta son similares a los de comunidades aisladas descritas en la literatura. Conclusión. Los resultados soportan la hipótesis previa de que se está ante un aislado genético en una población muy cercana a la capital del departamento de Boyacá.

Abstract Introduction: Recent studies have suggested the presence of a genetic isolate in the village of Runta, located in the department of Boyacá, Colombia, given the finding of a larger number of patients with rare diseases than expected for this population. This finding indicates the probability of an increased rate of inbreeding in this community. Objectives: To determine inbreeding parameters using isonymy to analyze the population structure of this village and to help elucidate the causes of these diseases. Materials and methods: Six parameters indicative of population structure were established based on the surnames registered in the database of the Potential Beneficiaries of Social Programs Identification and Selection System of the inhabitants of Runta. Results: Results showed an inbreeding coefficient (θii) of 0.0083, Fisher's alpha (α) of 30.0447 and A, B and C estimates of 0.0379, 0.3413 and 0.4669, respectively. Most individuals had the most popular surnames of the village, while isonymy parameters in Runta were found to be similar to those of isolated communities previously described in the literature. Conclusion: These results support the hypothesis that there is indeed a genetic isolate located near the capital of the department of Boyacá.

Introduction of 169 Single-flavored Drugs Included in The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of Indian / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To analyze the characteristics of 169 single-flavored drugs in The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of Indian， and to provide reference for China to expand new drug sources and study new indications. METHODS： Sanskrit drug names， botanical names （family names）， Chinese medicine names， medicinal parts， therapeutic uses in Ayurveda， distributions in India， distributions or cultivations （introductions） in other countries and regions， the main treatments of other countries and regions were introduced comprehensively， so as to analyze the distribution， family names characteristics， medicinal part and indication characteristics of 169 single-flavored drugs. RESULTS： Totally 169 single-flavored drugs were mostly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. There were 116 single-flavored drugs distributed throughout India （including introduction or cultivation） and medicinal； while 51 single-flavored drugs were only distributed in India； 21 single-flavored drugs were distributed and used in China； 10 single-flavored drugs have a distribution in China but have not been used； only one single-flavored drug had been used in China but had no distribution. Yunnan， Guangdong， Guangxi， Fujian were provinces （districs） where Ayurveda single-flavored drug was planted and used more frequently. Sri Lanka， Vietnam and Malaysia were countries where Ayurveda single-flavored drug was planted and used more frequently. The original plants of the 169 single-flavored drugs were derived from Euphorbiaceae and Dipterocarpaceae， Umbelliferae and Morus， etc. More roots and rhizomes were used. The types of commonly treatment diseases were digestive diseases， respiratory diseases， “symptoms， signs， and clinical and laboratory abnormalities， which cannot be classified elsewhere”， skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases， genitourinary system diseases， blood diseases， etc. The diseases with characteristic diagnosis and treatment were caused by imbalance of body wind， intermittent heat， imbalance of mucin and imbalances of three diseases. CONCLUSIONS： 169 single-flavored drugs in this paper are distributed in tropical and subtropical regions， and are often used to treat digestive diseases. This study can provide reference for the introduction and cultivation of Ayurveda single-flavored drug and for the development of new drug sources and new uses in China.

A questionnaire based study to assess the interns’ knowledge about the brand names of drugs routinely prescribed in a tertiary care hospital in Kerala, India

Background: The gap in the knowledge of interns between brand names, generic name and indication of a drug can lead to unwanted clinical consequences. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge of interns at a tertiary care hospital regarding the generic name and indications of the routinely prescribed brand names of drugs.Methods: In this study, interns were required to write whether they prescribed the brand names mentioned in the questionnaire in the preceding six months, their generic name and the indication for their use. Results were expressed using descriptive statistics.Results: All brands except Zovobact SB was prescribed by more than 50% of interns in the preceding six months. The generic equivalents were correctly identified by good percentage of interns for Hicet (100%), Asthalin (95%), Cifran (90%) but the percentage of correct answers was low for other brands. For combination brands, correct generic names of all components were identified by more than 50% of interns for oflox TZ (93%), Septid D (68%) and Losar H (68%). The percentage of correct response for the indication of the brands was satisfactory for Hicet (100%), Asthalin (98%), Cifran (98%), Zerodol P (100%), Cyclopam (100%), oflox TZ (100%), Losar H (98%), Septid D (98%) but was inadequate for Taxim O (48%), Betaloc (33%), Valium (23%), Diamox (0%), Quadriderm (31%) and Zovobact SB (31%).Conclusions: This study identified lacunas in the knowledge of interns regarding generic equivalents and indications of brand names. Strategies to overcome the problem should be devised to ensure patient safety.

As nominações na clínica nodal de adolescentes / Nominations in the nodal clinic among teenagers / Nominations dans la clinique nodale des adolescents

O seminário lacaniano R. S. I. trabalha a possibilidade de se prescindir do Nome-do-Pai como uma amarração para os três registros da realidade psíquica. Nele, as nominações imaginária, simbólica e real são abordadas como modalidades de um quarto elo do nó borromeano, que mantêm enlaçados R, S e I como função de reparação do lapso do nó. Partindo dessa teoria, este artigo objetiva trabalhar a clínica nodal de adolescentes, tomada como um momento singular para a construção de uma nova amarração R.S.I. Buscou-se trabalhar as nominações em um caso clínico de um adolescente, explicitando os tipos de enlaçamento presentes nesse caso. Lacan realiza a passagem do Nome-do-Pai aos Nomes do Pai, constatando ao final que o nó borromeano de três elos é sempre falho e que as nominações vêm reparar o lapso do nó para todo ser falante. Neste artigo, constata-se a relevância do período da adolescência como um momento especial para a construção dessa amarração que venha suportar o nó borromeano.

The Lacanian Seminary R. S. I. works with the possibility of dispensing the Name-of-the-Father as a mooring for the three registers of psychic reality. In that situation the imaginary, symbolic and real nominations are approached as modalities of a fourth link of the Borromean knot, which hold R, S, and I as a function of repairing the lapse of the node. Based on this theory, this article aims to work the nodal clinic of adolescents, taken as a singular moment for the construction of a new mooring R.S.I. We sought to work the nominations in a clinical case of an adolescent, explaining the types of entanglement present in this report. Lacan performs the passage of the Name-of-the-Father to the Names of the Father, noting in the end that the Borromean knot of three links is always flawed and that the nominations come to repair the lapse of the knot for every talking being. In this article, the relevance of the adolescence period is verified as a special moment for the construction of this mooring that will support the Borromean knot.

Le Séminaire Lacanien R. S. I. travaille la possibilité de se passer du Nom-du-Père comme amarre pour les trois registres de la réalité psychique. Dans le cas, les nominations imaginaires, symboliques et réelles sont approchées comme des modalités d'un quatrième lien du nœud borroméen, qui tient R, S et I en fonction de la réparation du lapsus du nœud. Basé sur cette théorie, cet article a l'intention de travailler la clinique nodale de l'adolescent, prise comme un moment singulier pour la construction d'un nouveau lien entre R.S.I. On a cherché à travailler les nominations dans un cas clinique d'un adolescent, en expliquant les types d'amarrage présents dans ce cas. Lacan effectue le passage du Nom-du-Père aux Noms du Père, notant à la fin que le nœud borroméen de trois liens est toujours défectueux et que les nominations viennent réparer le lapsus du nœud pour chaque parlêtre. Dans cet article, la pertinence de la période d'adolescence est vérifiée comme un moment spécial pour la construction de cet amarrage qui soutiendra le nœud borroméen.

An explanation of the hidden names of the “Four medical tantras” / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

@#It is important to study ancient medical books written by the aforetime Mongolian doctors and deeply realize scientific based concepts in these books and understand the reference and deep meaning medical secret of the traditional doctors which are the basis of the traditional medical development of 21st century. </br> The main research direction to address this issue is to study and develop traditional medicines.</br> Especially, misinterpreted crude drugs and traditional medicinal formulas that are less studies in pharmacology lead to meaning confusion and this confusion causes bad influence in the treatment result. It is impossible to supply growing demand of traditional medicine among the population and expand categories of medicines and develop traditional medical sector efficiently without interpreting raw materials of traditional medical medicines with correct meaning and identifying its usage and benefit accurately.@*Goal and objectives of the research @#The goal of the research is to study the hidden names explanation and interpretation to title of the “Four Medical Tantras”. @*Research materials@#We have used following materials as main source: wooden crafted Tibetan book called བདུད་རྩི་ སྙིང་པོ་ཡན་ལག་བརྒྱད་པ་གསང་བ་མན་ངག་གི་རྒྱུད་ཅེས་བྱ་བ་བཞུགས་སོ། (Secret Quintessential Instructions on the Eight Branches of the Ambrosia Essence Tantras) and its interpretation books as well as དག་ཡིག་མཁས་པའི་འབྱུང་གནས The Monumental Buddhist Terminology Lexicon. @*Methods @#</br> 1. Books and documents research method </br> 2. Analysis and synthesis method@*Results@#Mongolian nomadic nation has created the medicine study sector which is suitable for the extreme weather and territory, unique living condition and physical characteristics while struggling to fight diseases during historical long period. Gradually, this study has created comprehensive understanding of knowledge with content, theory and unique names due to the thinking scope of the Mongolians and cognition development and thus using it in their everyday lives and continuing to enrich it. </br> Mongolians have classified translation into the following four categories since the ancient times: traditional translation, translation of component (translation of components of sentence), translation of articles (translation of word, meaning and section), translation of number (translation number images, and symbols). We tried to translate the name “Four medical tantras” by interpreting the article or meaning.</br> The full name of the “Four Medical Tantras” is called “Amrita Hiradaya Anga Ata Guya Upadesha Tantra Name” in the ancient Indian education language or book language. The sages of Tibet of Western Snow Mountains named the literature: བདུད་རྩི་སྙིང་པོ་ཡན་ལག་བརྒྱད་པ་གསང་བ་མན་ངག་གི་རྒྱུད་ཅེས་བྱ་བ་བཞུགས་སོ།.</br> The Sanskrit translation of this literature has not been disseminated among Mongolians during that time. Therefore, based on the Tibetan translation of the Sanskrit name, we call it Рашааны зүрхэн найман гишүүнт нууц увдисын үндэс” in Mongolia. We have explained the hidden names in each of the words in this title.@*Conclusion@#Mongolian nationals and nomads have established a medical system adapted to the characteristics of land, harsh climate, and specific conditions of lifestyle during their fight against diseases in historical period.</br> In the long run, this science has developed a comprehensive understanding of content, theories and the unique terminology by the influence of scope of thinking as well as the cognitive development of Mongolians. This understanding is used in everyday lives and further enriched. </br> As we define the hidden names of literature title, “Four Medical Tantras” based on medical dictionaries and descriptive works, it is of significance to learn the traditional medical knowledge with foundation and enrich teaching materials of traditional medicine.

How much progress has Blood Research made since the change of the journal title in 2013

BACKGROUND: Blood Research (formerly) was renamed 5 years ago. It aimed to identify the progress of the renamed journal at the international level based on journal metrics. METHODS: Journal metrics, including total cites, impact factor, and Hirsch index were calculated or found from Scopus, SCimago Journal & Country Rank, and Web of Science on March 27, 2018. RESULTS: The number of citable articles from 2013 to 2017 was 196, and that of non-citable articles was 157. The authors belonged to 25 countries. The editorial board members were from 33 countries. Total cites in Scimago Journal & Country Rank and Web of Science Core Collection in 2017 was 257 and 235, respectively. The cites per two years from Scimago Journal & Country Rank and the calculated impact factor from Web of Science Core Collection in 2016 were 1.353 and 1.382, respectively. The number of citing authors' countries in Web of Science Core Collection was 61. The number of citing journals in Web of Science Core Collection was 422. In 2016, the Hirsch index was 12 for Scimago Journal & Country Rank, and that in Web of Science Core Collection was 10. CONCLUSION: Since the title change, Blood Research has progressed rapidly on the international scene in terms of journal metrics. In particular, the results of total cites, impact factor, and Hirsch index were outstanding. This will enable its promotion as a high branded journal in the hematology category.

Os nomes do pai e a generalização da castração / The names of the father and the generalization of castration

Resumo: Segundo Freud, os complexos de Édipo e de castração são fatores decisivos para se pensar a entrada do sujeito no “mundo” do desejo, da lei e da cultura. Lacan proporcionou uma nova leitura do Édipo freudiano ao pluralizar o Nome-do-Pai e trazer à discussão os modos singulares da presença da função paterna, pluralizada em diversos nomes. Lacan demonstra que a castração não é uma operação edípica, é, antes, uma operação de inscrição da linguagem. Nosso trabalho busca abordar a pluralização dos nomes do pai através do eixo da generalização da castração.

Abstract: According to Freud, the Oedipus complex and the castration are crucial factors to think about the subject’s entry into the “world” of desire, law and culture. Lacan provided a new reading of Freud’s Oedipus, pluralizing the Name-of-the-Father and bringing to the discussion the singular ways of the presence of the paternal function, which is pluralized in various names. Lacan shows that castration is not an oedipal operation, but rather an inscription into language. In this paper, we address the pluralization of the Names-of-the Father, through the generalization of castration.

El reconocimiento legal de la transexualidad en Chile mediante el procedimiento judicial de cambio de nombre: Un caso de complementariedad epistemológica entre medicina y derecho / Legal recognition of transsexuality in Chile through the judicial procedure for name change

Do transsexual people in Chile have a right to have their gender identity or their sex reassignment legally recognized? The absence of any legislation on gender identity or transsexualism could lead us to believe that it is not the case. However, a quantitative review of decisions issued by Chilean courts during the last years on name-and sex-change requests filed by transsexual people reveals that most of these courts have accepted these requests. From the perspective of the well-being of transsexual people, this is a positive result. However, the fact that a few rejections exist reminds us of the need to enact an explicit legislation in this issue. Lastly, a qualitative analysis of those decisions suggests that the traditional reluctance of courts to interpret the law in a creative way has been overcome in these cases by the use of knowledge and discourses belonging to healthcare sciences. This is an example of an epistemological complementariness between medicine and law.

Brand names of Portuguese medication: understanding the importance of their linguistic structure and regulatory issues / Nomes de marca dos medicamentos Portugueses: sua estrutura linguística e aspetos regulatórios

Abstract Among other regulatory requirements, medicine brands should be composed of single names without abbreviations to prevent errors in prescription of medication. The purposes of the study were to investigate the compliance of a sam ple of Portuguese medicine brand names with Portuguese pharmaceutical regulations. This includes identifying their basic linguistic characteristics and comparing these features and their frequency of occurrence with benchmark values of the colloquial or informal language. A sample of 474 brand names was selected. Names were analyzed using manual (visual analyses) and computer methods (FreP - Frequency Patterns of Phonological Objects in Portuguese and MS word). A significant number of names (61.3%) failed to comply with the Portuguese phonologic system (related to the sound of words) and/or the spelling system (related to the written form of words) contained more than one word, comprised a high proportion of infrequent syllable types or stress patterns and included abbreviations. The results suggest that some of the brand names of Portuguese medication should be reevaluated, and that regulation on this issue should be enforced and updated, taking into consideration specific linguistic and spelling codes.

Resumo Entre outros requisitos regulatórios, o nome dos medicamentos de marca deve ser composto por um único nome e não integrar abreviaturas para evitar erros de medicação. Os objetivos do estudo foram: investigar a adequação de um grupo de nomes de medicamentos de marca portugueses à regulação farmacêutica do mesmo País; identificar as suas características linguísticas básicas e comparar essas características e a sua frequência com valores de referência da língua corrente ou informal. Foi selecionada uma amostra de 474 nomes. Os nomes foram analisados com recurso a métodos manuais (análise visual) e automáticos (FreP - Frequency Patterns of Phonological Objects in Portuguese e o MS word). Um número significativo de nomes (61,3%) não estava em conformidade com o sistema fonológico (relacionado com a forma sonora das palavras) e ortográfico do Português (relacionado com a forma de escrita das palavras), tinha mais de uma palavra, continha uma alta proporção padrões silábicos e acentuais raros, e incluía abreviaturas. Os resultados sugerem que alguns dos nomes das marcas medicamentos portugueses devem ser reavaliadas e os aspetos regulatórios atualizados, tendo em consideração as características específicas do sistema linguístico e ortográfico português.

A literature review of the Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from the Pacific coast of Mexico / Revisión de literatura de Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) de las costas del Pacífico de México

Abstract Despite the important effort of knowing the Ophiuroidea diversity in the Mexican Pacific, some mistakes in the taxonomic nomenclature have pervaded through time. In order to clarify the latter, a checklist based on literature review of brittle stars from the Mexican Pacific is provided. We reviewed a total of 105 references that in total summarized 125 species of brittle stars from the Mexican Pacific (112) and the Gulf of California (97), belonging to two orders, 16 families and 50 genera. These records are higher than those reported on previous studies carried out in the area. México is the country with the highest number of brittle stars reported in the Tropical Eastern Pacific; this may be due to its exceptional oceanographic conditions, location and coastline extension. However, a total of 27 species reported in the literature were considered doubtful due to their general distributions and were not included in the checklist. Of the reported species, 35 have their type locality in the Mexican Pacific, corroborating the importance of the country in the Tropical Eastern Pacific in terms of Echinodermata diversity. Rev. Biol. Trop. 63 (Suppl. 2): 37-47. Epub 2015 June 01.

Resumen A pesar del importante esfuerzo en el conocimiento de la diversidad de ofiuroideos del Pacífico mexicano, algunos errores en la nomenclatura taxonómica han perseverado a través del tiempo. Con el objetivo de clarificar lo anterior, se provee una lista de especies de ofiuroideos del Pacífico Mexicano, basada en la revisión de literatura. Se revisó un total de 105 referencias que en total suman 125 especies pertenecientes a dos órdenes, 16 familias y 50 géneros de ofiuros del Pacífico Mexicano (112) y el Golfo de California (97). Estos reportes son mayores que otros estudios llevados a cabo en el área. México es el país con el mayor número de ofiuros reportados en el Pacífico Oriental Tropical; esto puede deberse a su excepcional condición oceanográfica, ubicación y extensión de línea de costa. Un total de 27 de las especies reportadas en la literatura fueron consideradas dudosas de acuerdo distribución geográfica por lo que no fueron incluidas en la lista. 35 especies poseen su localidad tipo en el Pacífico Mexicano, corroborando la importancia de México en el Pacífico Oriental Tropical en términos de diversidad de equinodermos.

Família, religiosidade e identidade étnica nas práticas de transmissão de nomes de batismo em um grupo de imigrantes italianos / /Family, religiosity and ethnical identity in the practices of transmission of baptismal names in a group of Italian immigrants / /Familia, religiosidad e identidad étnica en las prácticas de transmisión de nombres de bautismo en un grupo de inmigrantes italianos

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a construção da identidade etnocultural de um grupo de imigrantes italianos e seus descendentes instalados no município de Campo Largo (Paraná) no período de 1878 a 1937. Para isso, parte-se do pressuposto de que a identidade de um grupo étnico surge a partir do contato interétnico, ou seja, da necessidade da afirmação de nós diante dos outros. Nessa direção, são analisadas as práticas de transmissão dos nomes de batismo como signo de construção da identidade étnica. Procurou-se verificar como o grupo em estudo construiu sua identidade pautada pelos referenciais simbólicos e culturais da terra de partida e de que forma se dá o processo de mudança tendo em vista a nova realidade e os contatos culturais estabelecidos com os brasileiros. Para conduzir essa análise, utilizaram-se, principalmente, registros paroquiais (atas de batismos, casamentos e óbitos) que foram sistematizados pela metodologia de reconstituição de famílias, oriunda da demografia histórica. Por meio da análise da documentação foi possível perceber nos nomes de batismos a predominância de elementos típicos do mundo rural de origem desses imigrantes que simbolicamente os ligavam à terra de seus ancestrais. Esses elementos foram de grande relevância para a definição da identidade do grupo como ítalo-brasileira...

The present paper has the objective of analyzing the construction of the ethnic and cultural identity of a group of Italian immigrants and their descendants who settled in Campo Largo, Paraná, Brazil, between 1878 and 1937. We assume that the identity of a group appears when inter-ethnic contact occurs or when one group feels the need to affirm itself over the others. In this context we analyzed the practices of transmission of baptismal names as signs of the construction of ethnical identity. We sought to verify how the group being studied built its identity under the guidance of the symbolic and cultural references of the land they left and how the process of change took place in view of their new realities and the cultural contacts established with the Brazilians. To guide this analyze, we based our work mainly on parish registers (records of baptisms, marriages and deaths) that were systematized by the methodology of family reconstitution, based on historical demography. This analysis enabled us to note in the baptismal names the predominance of rural traits typical of the homeland of the immigrants that symbolically linked them with the land of their ancestors. These elements were of great importance for defining the identity of the group as being both Italian and Brazilian...

El presente artículo tiene el objetivo de analizar la construcción de la identidad etnocultural de un grupo de inmigrantes italianos y sus descendientes instalados en el municipio de Campo Largo (Paraná) en el periodo de 1878 a 1937. Para ello se parte del supuesto de que la identidad de un grupo étnico surge a partir del contacto interétnico, es decir, de la necesidad de afirmación de uno frente a los demás. En este sentido se analizan las prácticas de transmisión de los nombres de bautismo como signo de construcción de la identidad étnica. Se intentó verificar cómo el grupo en estudio construyó su identidad pautada por los referentes simbólicos y culturales de la tierra de partida y de qué forma ocurre el proceso de cambio, teniendo en cuenta la nueva realidad y los contactos culturales establecidos con los brasileños. Para conducir este análisis se utilizaron sobre todo registros parroquiales (actas de bautismos, matrimonios y defunciones) que fueron sistematizados por la metodología de reconstitución de familias, oriunda de la demografía histórica. Por medio del análisis de la documentación fue posible percibir en los nombres de bautismo la predominancia de elementos típicos del mundo rural de origen de dichos inmigrantes que simbólicamente los conectaban a la tierra de sus ancestrales. Estos elementos fueron muy relevantes para definir la identidad del grupo como ítalo-brasileña...