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Objectives:To determine the pattern of ocular disorders among stroke patients in Federal Teaching Hospital, Lokoja (FTHL).Materials and Methods:Consecutive new stroke patients seen at the Federal Teaching Hospital, Lokoja over a 3-month period were studied. Data was collected with the use of a structured questionnaire divided into four major sections: bio-data, visual history, results of ocular assessment and NEI VFQ-25 quality of life questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS for Windows, version 23.0. Univariate analyses were presented in the form of frequencies, percentages, means, ranges, and standard deviations, charts and tables.Results:Eighty-three patients were recruited with an age range of 40-71 years, a mean age of 55.3(±7.1) years. Thirty-nine patients (47.0%) were between the ages of 51 and 60 years. Thirty-four (41.0%) patients were females while 49(59.0%) were males. Of 46 (55.4%) patients that had neuro-imaging, stroke was ischaemic in 37(80.4%) and haemorrhagic in 9(19.6%). Of the 63 patients with left sided stroke, 2 (2.4%), 4(4.8%) and 57(68.7%) had severe, moderate and mild and normal visual impairment respectively while of the 20 patients with right sided stroke, 3(3.6%) each had severe and moderate visual impairment and 14(16.9%) had normal or mild visual impairment. Other ocular abnormalities included corneal anaesthesia and macular hole in 2(1.2%).Conclusion:Anterior and posterior segments, together with neuro-ophthalmic disorders were found among stroke patients in this study. Many of the ocular abnormalities are as a result of long-standing uncontrolled hypertension which caused the stroke. It is recommended that awareness should be created among the populace about uncontrolled hypertension. It is also advised that internists should refer hypertensive patients for routine ophthalmic screening.
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Humans , Male , Female , Mass Screening , Quality of Life , Hospitals, TeachingABSTRACT
AIM:To compare the differences of ocular biometric parameters of age-related cataract between Tibetan and Han ethnic groups, and to analyze the distribution characteristics of ocular biometric parameters in Tibetan cataract patients.METHODS:Retrospective cohort study. A total of 661 patients(1 030 eyes)with age-related cataract confirmed in the hospital between January 2019 and December 2020 were enrolled. The parameters of axial length, anterior chamber depth, keratometry, corneal astigmatism and astigmatic axis were measured by IOL Master 500 in 483 cases(739 eyes)of Tibetan age-related cataract patients and 178 cases(291 eyes)of Han patients.RESULTS:The axial length, anterior chamber depth and corneal astigmatism of the Tibetan patients with age-related cataract were 23.33(22.81, 23.86)mm, 3.04(2.79, 3.30)mm and 0.73(0.47, 1.07)D. The mean keratometry was 43.89±1.35 D. The results indicated that Tibetan cataract patients had shorter axial lengths and smaller keratometry compared to Han patients(all P<0.05). Age in Tibetan patients was negatively correlated with axial length and anterior chamber depth, and positively correlated with keratometry(all P<0.05). Tibetan male patients had longer axial lengths, deeper anterior chambers, and flatter corneas compared to female patients(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION:There were differences in ocular biometric parameters between age-related cataract patients of Tibetan and Han ethnicities. The distribution of ocular biometric parameters in Tibetan cataract patients varied across different age groups and gender groups.
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Etiological research is necessary for understanding the occurrence and epidemiological patterns of diseases, and is also a prerequisite for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of clinical diseases. Mendelian randomization(MR), a method of research that combines genetics and epidemiology, has the advantage of exploring the causal relationship between exposure and disease genetically as well as avoiding confounding factors and reverse causation. Thus, it has been extensively utilized in the etiological study of diseases. This paper reviews the implementation of MR in the research of ocular diseases and provides ideas and approaches for the investigation of related mechanisms as well as the development of intervention strategies.
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The incidence of myopia among Chinese adolescents is progressively rising, indicating a distinct trend toward younger age onset.This paper aims to comprehensively review the impact of various visual performance on myopia and its progression, with a specific emphasis on accommodative function, convergence function, and ocular position. A meticulous exploration of accommodation function, encompassing accommodative amplitude, accommodative facility, accommodative response, positive relative accommodation, and negative relative accommodation, has been undertaken to elucidate its contributory role in myopia progression. Concurrently, an exhaustive analysis of convergence function has been conducted including esotropia and exotropia, convergence insufficiency and convergence excess, fusional function vergence, divergence insufficiency, and excess, providing a nuanced understanding of convergence's implications for myopia advancement. Furthermore, the influence of ocular position on myopia progression, along with other factors affecting perceptual ocular position and intermittent exotropia, is discussed. The primary objective of this article is to unveil the multifaceted visual performance influencing myopia and its progression, elucidating the paramount significance of accommodative function, convergence function, and ocular position in this context.
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AIM:To identify transcriptional differences between the ocular surface ectoderm(OSE)and surface ectoderm(SE)using RNA-seq, and elucidate the OSE transcriptome landscape and the regulatory networks involved in its development.METHODS:OSE and SE cells were differentiated from human embryonic stem(hES)cells. Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between OSE and SE were analyzed using RNA-seq. Based on the DEGs, we performed gene ontology(GO)analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis, and protein-protein interaction(PPI)network analysis. Transcription factors(TFs)and hub genes were screened. Subsequently, TF-gene and TF-miRNA regulatory networks were constructed using the NetworkAnalyst platform.RESULTS:A total of 4 182 DEGs were detected between OSE and SE cells, with 2 771 up-regulated and 1 411 down-regulated genes in OSE cells. GO-BP analysis revealed that up-regulated genes in OSE were enriched in the regulation of ion transmembrane transport, axon development, and modulation of chemical synaptic transmission. Down-regulated genes were primarily involved in nuclear division, chromosome segregation, and regulation of cell cycle phase transition. KEGG analysis indicated that up-regulated genes in OSE cells were enriched in signaling pathways such as cocaine addiction, axon guidance, and amphetamine addiction, while down-regulated genes were enriched in proteoglycans in cancer, ECM-receptor interaction, protein digestion and absorption, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Additionally, compared with SE, 204 TFs(including FOS, EGR1, POU5F1, SOX2, and PAX6)were up-regulated, and 80 TFs(including HAND2, HOXB6, HOXB5, HOXA5, and HOXB8)were down-regulated in OSE cells. Furthermore, we identified 6 up-regulated and 9 down-regulated hub genes in OSE cells, and constructed TF-gene and TF-miRNA regulatory networks based on these hub genes.CONCLUSIONS:The transcriptome characteristics of OSE and SE cells were elucidated through RNA-seq analysis. These findings may provide a novel insight for studies on the development and in vitro directed induction of OSE and corneal epithelial cells.
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Objective@#To explore the relationship between daytime or nighttime screen time, sleep duration, bedtime, sleep quality and depressive symptoms, so as to provide reference for preventing depression symptoms in college students.@*Methods@#A total of 1 259 college students in one university in Beijing were recruited by using a cluster random sampling method for online and offline questionnaire surveys in October 2022 and April to May 2023. The sleeping quality, depression symptoms and screen time of participants were measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI), Chinese Version of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II-C) and Screen Time Questionnaire. Logistic ordered regression and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the correlation among screen time, sleep parameters and depressive symptoms.@*Results@#The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 24.9 %. There was no significant correlation between daytime screen time and depressive symptoms for a week after controlling for night screen time in a week, gender and age ( OR= 1.00 , 95%CI=1.00-1.01, P >0.05). There was a significant correlation between night screen time and depressive symptoms for a week ( OR=1.05, 95%CI=1.03-1.06, P <0.01) after controlling for daytime screen time in a week, gender and age. However, after controlling for the weekday sleep duration, weekend bedtime, and sleep quality step by step, there was no significant correlation between the night screen time for a week and the depressive symptoms ( OR=1.01, 95%CI= 0.99 -1.02, P >0.05). After adjusting for gender and age, multiple linear regression analysis found that the duration of one week s night vision screen had statistical significance in predicting weekday sleep duration, weekend sleep time and sleep quality ( β=-0.29, 0.45, 0.26, P <0.05). There were positive correlation between the duration of sleep on study days, the duration of sleep on rest days, and the quality of sleep with depressive symptoms（ OR =1.27,1.39,1.45， P <0.01）.@*Conclusions@#Excessive night screen time has a greater impact on sleep problems and depressive symptoms. Reducing nighttime video and improving sleep habits are potential intervention goals for reducing depression symptoms in college students.
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Objective@#To analyze the status and correlation between screen time, screen behavior type, and anxiety, depression among children and adolescents in Jiangxi Province, so as to provide a basis for effective intervention measures.@*Methods@#Using the method of stratified random sampling, 8 851 primary and secondary school students in 11 districts of Jiangxi Province were investigated by questionnaire during September to December in 2020. Anxiety and depression status were investigated using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children(CES-DC), respectively. Single factor analysis using χ 2-test, t-test,analysis of variance,and multivariate analysis using generalized linear models.@*Results@#On school days and weekends, 4.7% and 20.4% of primary and secondary school students in Jiangxi Province had a total screen time of over 2 hours per day, respectively. The weighted scores of the total screen time (primary school students: 1.88± 0.68, junior middle school students: 1.96±0.71, high school students: 2.03±0.80) and time spent for playing video games (primary school students: 1.51±0.64, junior middle school students: 1.62±0.69, high school students: 1.68±0.75) daily showed an upward trend with the increase of educational stage ( F =31.48, 42.13), and with significantly higher in boys (1.97±0.74, 1.66± 0.72) than girls (1.93±0.72, 1.53±0.66)( t =2.48, 9.07)( P <0.05). The average scores of state anxiety and trait anxiety were (42.20±9.05) and (40.65±9.85), which showed an upward trend with the increase of educational stage ( F =168.12, 241.98 ), and were higher in girls than boys ( t =6.63, 8.48)( P <0.01). The average score of depression was (11.99±11.00), which was lower in elementary school students than middle school students and high school students ( F =136.42), with significantly higher in girls ( t =6.85)( P <0.01). On school days, with the increase of total screen time and time spent for playing video games daily, the risk of state anxiety, trait anxiety, and depression among primary and secondary school students significantly increased ( OR = 6.70- 818.98, P <0.01). On weekends, among primary and secondary school students, the total screen time of >1-2 hours daily reduced the risk of state anxiety ( OR =0.30). The risk of developing trait anxiety among students playing video games for more than 2 hours daily was 2.50 times higher than those without screen behavior ( OR =2.50). The risk of developing depression with a total screen time of more than 2 hours daily was 3.15 times higher those whithout screen behavior ( OR =3.15). The risk of developing depression among students playing video games >0-1, >1-2, >2 h daily was 2.14, 2.50, 4.90 times that of those without screen behaviors ( OR =2.14, 2.50, 4.90), and showed an upward trend with the increase of educational stage ( P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#Screen behaviors of primary and middle school students in Jiangxi Province are positively associated with the risk of anxiety and depression, but the total daily video time of >1-2 h on weekends was negatively associated with state anxiety. It is necessary to control the screen time as much as possible and reduce the risk of anxiety and depression.
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AIM:To observe the clinical efficacy of vitrectomy at different times for open ocular trauma and explore the timing of stage Ⅱ vitrectomy.METHODS: Retrospective case series study. A total of 60 cases(60 eyes)with open ocular trauma who visited our ophthalmology department from June 2022 to February 2023 were included. They were divided into treatment group A(interval ≤14 d)and treatment group B(interval >14 d)based on the interval between the stage Ⅰ emergency treatment surgery and the stage Ⅱ vitreoretinal surgery. Among the 32 cases(32 eyes)in the treatment group A, 16 eyes(50%)had eyeball rupture, 13 eyes(41%)had penetrating injury, and 3 eyes(9%)had perforating injury. Among the 28 cases(28 eyes)in the treatment group B, 15 eyes(54%)had eyeball rupture, 12 eyes(43%)had penetrating injury, and one eye(4%)had perforating injury. The two groups of patients were followed-up for 6 mo after surgery, and the treatment effects were compared.RESULTS:There was no statistically significant difference in visual acuity between the two groups of patients before vitrectomy(P>0.05). In the treatment group A, 10 eyes(31%)had significantly improved visual acuity, 21 eyes(66%)had effectively enhanced visual acuity, and 1 eye(3%)had no improvement in visual acuity at 6 mo after surgery. Among the 28 eyes in the treatment group B, 5 eyes(18%)had significantly improved vision, 16 eyes(57%)had effectively enhanced vision, and 7 eyes(25%)had no change in vision, with statistically significant difference between the two groups(U=322.5, P=0.032). There was no significant difference between the treatment group A and the treatment group B in complications such as secondary glaucoma, silicone oil dependence, vitreous hemorrhage, and eyeball atrophy(P>0.05). There was no evidence of traumatic proliferative vitreoretinopathy(TPVR)in the treatment group A during postoperative follow-up, which was significantly lower than that of the treatment group B(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The prognosis of the stage Ⅱ vitrectomy for open ocular injury is relatively good after completing the stage Ⅰ surgery within 2 wk.
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Beta-thalassemia major(β-TM)is an inherited disease caused by a defect in the synthesis of globin. The disease requires long-term blood transfusion and iron chelator treatment, which can cause various secondary changes in the body and eye tissues. Compared with normal peers, β-TM patients will show changes in the eye such as steeper corneal curvature, shallower anterior chamber, increased lens thickness, shorter axial length, and reduced tear secretion. At the same time, nutritional deficiencies and the use of iron chelator drugs will increase the risk of complicated cataract and retinal degeneration, thus affecting the quality of life of β-TM patients.This article combines relevant domestic and foreign literatures to explore and review the changes in the eye of β-TM patients, with a view to providing valuable insights for clinical practice.
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Ocular hypertension(OH)can cause a variety of ocular structural and functional damage, among which the effect on ocular refraction has long been recognized in the clinic. The effect of OH on ocular refraction is related to the transparency and shape of refractive media, as well as the changes of the axial length. Due to the different speed and degree of intraocular pressure(IOP)elevation, the changes of refraction are reversible or irreversible. Irreversible changes in refraction are often accompanied by visual transmission impairment, and have a certain reference value for the evaluation of the latter condition. IOP changes lead to changes in the axial length, which are related to scleral remodeling and choroidal perfusion changes, and have a certain impact on the development of myopia and refractive error after cataract surgery. In this paper, the research progress of the changes of refractive media and axial length caused by OH, as well as the characteristics of the effects on ocular refraction are summarized, hoping to deepen the understanding of the effect of OH on ocular refraction, and provide reference for preventing irreversible ocular refractive changes, guiding the assessment of visual transmission damage and preventing or controlling the development of axial myopia.
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Rapidly increasing intraocular pressure(IOP)is a typical manifestation of acute angle-closure glaucoma and an important cause of ocular tissue damage, vision loss and even blindness in glaucoma patients. The sharp increase of intraocular pressure in a short period of time in acute angle-closure glaucoma will cause characteristic damage to the structure and function of retina, choroid and optic nerve. Currently, the diagnosis and evaluation of the course of glaucoma is largely dependent on the state of high IOP, changes in the optic nerve and visual field damage, but irreversible damage to the fundus has already been made in glaucoma patients by this time. The microstructural changes in the posterior segment of the eye are more sensitive to high IOP and often appear before optic nerve and visual field damage, which can indicate the damage of high IOP to the eye earlier. Through the evaluation of the imaging characteristics of the posterior segment of the eye, the morphological characteristics that affect the prognosis of glaucoma can be explored, which is clinically important for the early diagnosis of glaucoma.
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Corneal lymphangiogenesis plays a crucial role in ocular diseases. Normally, the cornea lacks blood vessels and lymph vessels, which are essential for maintaining transparency and function of cornea. However, certain diseases or injuries will prompt angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in cornea, thus disrupting the structure and function of cornea. Although various drugs targeting corneal angiogenesis have been applied in clinical practice, there is still a gap in medications targeting corneal lymphangiogenesis. Therefore, this review will introduce the factors related to corneal lymphangiogenesis, introduce related ocular diseases, and analyze the current treatment status, which will provide more options and possibilities for the treatment of lymphangiogenesis in ocular diseases and provide guidance for future research and drug development.
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@#Wound healing is a complex process that includes haemostasis and inflammation, followed by a proliferation period and repair and finally remodelling. Ocular surgeries, particularly in glaucoma cases, aim at minimal fibrosis to preserve the function of trabeculectomy as an alternative pathway for aqueous drainage. Hence, it is important to find an agent to modulate the wound healing process. This review presents compilation of wound modulation agents that have been tested in vitro, in vivo, or clinically on patients undergoing ocular surgeries, particularly for glaucoma. We identified agents into four groups, mostly for glaucoma filtration operations: anti-metabolites, anti-growth factors, mechanical barriers and rho kinases. The effect of these agents is highlighted in this review. In conclusion, despite recognized drawbacks of antimetabolites, they are still regarded as the gold standard and the most efficient treatment as anti-scarring agents use in ocular surgeries. More studies are needed to inquire agents that efficient yet has minimal adverse effects both in short and long term.
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@#Introduction: This study aims to determine the prognostic factors and survival outcomes of patients that underwent this surgery. Method: A retrospective review of 43 patients who underwent exenteration for periocular malignancies over a 14-year period was carried out. Patient demographics, tumour histology, treatment details, surgical margins’ status and post-operative survival were recorded. The survival outcome examined was the overall survival (OS) rate. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to evaluate post-exenteration survival. Results: In total, 20 females and 23 males with a median age of 62 ± 17.3 years were identified. The most common indication for exenteration was basal cell carcinoma (20.9%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (18.6%), adenocystic carcinoma (14%), malignant melanoma (14%) and sebaceous gland carcinoma (11.6%). The independent predictors for worse OS on multivariate analysis were Chinese ethnicity (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 4.95, p =0.017), sebaceous gland carcinoma (aHR 57.61 p=0.006), adenocystic carcinoma (aHR 45.87, p=0.008), clear surgical margins (aHR 5.41, p=0.025), receiving only chemotherapy (aHR 169.13, p=0.004), and receiving both adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy (aHR 41.51, p=0.010). Conclusion: We recommend targeted public health initiatives for Chinese patients due to their increased mortality risk from peri-ocular malignancies. In addition, we advise comprehensive adjuvant therapy for all patients regardless of whether a clear surgical margin is achieved. Basal cell carcinoma and adenocystic carcinoma may also benefit from genetic research. We advocate more training for ophthalmologists to identify periocular malignancies earlier for better treatment options and increased chances of survival.
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Objective@#To explore the pattern of change of axial length/curvatrue radius ratio (AL/CR) and associated factors in primary and secondary school students in Yunnan, so as to provide scientific basis and prospective guidance for early myopia intervention and control.@*Methods@#A total of 685 students from grades 2 to 3 and grade 7 in 2 cities/counties in Yunnan Province were selected by multi stage stratified random cluster sampling method in 2020. All the participants were followed up twice with questionnaire of myopia related factors, uncorrected distance visual acuity, and refractive parameter measurement from October,2021 and March,2023,respectivelty. The distribution and change of AL/CR in different classes and groups were analyzed, and the influencing factos of AL/CR cumulative progression were explored using generalized linear model.@*Results@#AL/CR ratio in primary school students was (2.95±0.09) at baseline, increased to (2.99±0.11) at the first follow up and (3.04±0.12) at the second follow up. AL/CR ratio in middle school students(3.08±0.13) at baseline, increased to (3.12±0.15) at the first follow up and (3.15±0.14) at the second follow up. The generalized linear model showed that after controlling for environmental factors, ethnicity ( β =-0.017) , cumulative progression of the SE ( β =-0.027) influenced the changes of AL/CR ratio among the primary school students, whereas the changes of AL/CR ratio were associated with baseline AL ( β =-0.005), baseline corneal curvatrue radius ( β =0.032) and cumulative progression of SE( β =-0.035) among middle school students ( P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#The AL/CR ratio of primary and secondary school students in Yunnan can be used to judge different refractive status types, but its variation is not only related to SE progression, but also affected by different ethnic groups and baseline ocular biological parameters. so the value of AL/CR application in assessing the progression of myopia needs to be further confirmed.
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Ocular diseases pose a significant challenge to global health. The field of metabolomics, which involves the systematic identification and quantification of metabolites within a biological system, has emerged as a promising research approach for unraveling disease mechanisms and discovering novel biomarkers. Through its application, metabolomics has yielded valuable knowledge pertaining to the initiation and advancement of various ocular diseases. This review presents an overview of metabolomics and examines recent research progess in four ocular diseases, specifically diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and dry eye, summarizing potential biomarkers and metabolic pathways associated with these diseases. Additionally, this review offers insights into the future prospects of utilizing metabolomics for the management and treatment of ocular diseases.
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Diseases of ocular fundus are the leading causes of severe vision impairment or even blindness in patients worldwide, and the medical treatments are seriously limited by the difficulty of therapeutic drugs entering the fundus due to the various physiological barriers. Nano-drug delivery systems, with their nanoscale size and large surface area, can be loaded with therapeutic drugs of different physicochemical properties and modified with various surface active substances, which can not only improve the solubility and penetration of the drugs, but also protect biologic drugs from degradation and improve the biological safety and bioavailability, as well as deliver therapeutic drugs to specific ocular targets. All of these make the therapeutic potential enormous. Currently, more and more studies have been carried out to take advantage of nanomaterials for the treatment of different fundus diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, fundus neovascularization, endophthalmitis and fundus tumors. This review analyzes the challenges and barriers faced by different routes of drug administration in the treatment of fundus diseases, the physicochemical properties of common nano-drug delivery systems that have been studied in related fields, and further summarizes the progress, advantages, limitations, and future directions of the application of various nano-drug delivery systems for the treatment of ocular fundus diseases in recent years.
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Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has a promising future in the treatment of ocular diseases due to its high efficiency, specificity, and low toxicity in inhibiting the expression of target genes and proteins. However, due to the unique anatomical structure of the eye and various barriers, delivering nucleic acids to the retina remains a significant challenge. In this study, we rationally design PACD, an A-B-C type non-viral vector copolymer composed of a hydrophilic PEG block (A), a siRNA binding block (B) and a pH-responsive block (C). PACDs can self-assemble into nanosized polymeric micelles that compact siRNAs into polyplexes through simple mixing. By evaluating its pH-responsive activity, gene silencing efficiency in retinal cells, intraocular distribution, and anti-angiogenesis therapy in a mouse model of hypoxia-induced angiogenesis, we demonstrate the efficiency and safety of PACD in delivering siRNA in the retina. We are surprised to discover that, the PACD/siRNA polyplexes exhibit remarkable intracellular endosomal escape efficiency, excellent gene silencing, and inhibit retinal angiogenesis. Our study provides design guidance for developing efficient nonviral ocular nucleic acid delivery systems.
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AIM: To analyze the correlation between ocular surface status and serum lipids in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)during pregnancy, and to provide new ideas for the management and treatment of MGD during pregnancy.METHODS: Totally 120 pregnant women(240 eyes)treated in our hospital from May 2021 to May 2022 were selected and they were divided into MGD group(60 cases, 120 eyes)and control group(60 cases, 120 eyes)according to the presence or absence of MGD. All subjects received the ocular surface disease index scores(OSDI)and underwent examinations of meibomian gland morphology and function, tear film and blood lipid.RESULTS: The scores of OSDI, the related indexes of meibomian gland, corneal fluorescein staining(FL)scores, total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG)and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C)in the MGD group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P&#x003C;0.05). The scores of fluorescein breakup time(FBUT), Schirmer Ⅰ test(SIt)and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)in the MGD group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P&#x003C;0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the scores of TG, TC, LDL-C were negatively correlated with the values of FBUT(rs =-0.702, -0.647, -0.710, all P&#x003C;0.001).CONCLUSION: The level of blood lipids in pregnant patients with MGD is significantly increased, and the levels of TC, TG and LDL-C may be related to the stability of tear film.
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AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of 0.01% hypochlorous acid as a conjunctival sac disinfectant before cataract phacoemulsification and its impact on the ocular surface.METHODS: Randomized controlled clinical trial. A total of 285 patients who were scheduled for cataract phacoemulsification surgery were randomly divided into the hypochlorous acid group and the povidone iodine group. Before and after disinfection, conjunctival sac swabs were taken, and bacterial culture and colony-forming units(CFUs)testing were performed using blood agar and chocolate agar media, respectively. All patients were evaluated for ocular symptom scores and pain severity scores 2 h, 1 d, and 1 wk after disinfection, and underwent corneal fluorescein staining, eye redness index, tear meniscus height, and noninvasive breakup time(NIBUT)examination. The incidence of endophthalmitis after surgery was recorded.RESULTS: Conjunctival sac disinfection with 0.01% hypochlorous acid significantly reduced the rate of positive bacterial cultures and colony-forming ability of the conjunctival sac, with statistically significant differences compared with the pre-disinfection period(both P&#x003C;0.01), and the disinfecting ability of hypochlorous acid was comparable to that of povidone-iodine(χ2=0.811, P=0.368). The scores of ocular symptoms and pain severity in the hypochlorous acid group were significantly lower than those in the povidone-iodine group(both P&#x003C;0.01). The corneal fluorescein staining and eye redness index in the hypochlorous acid group were significantly lower than those in the povidone-iodine group(all P&#x003C;0.01). No endophthalmitis occurred in either group of patients. CONCLUSION: As a conjunctival sac disinfectant, 0.01% hypochlorous acid is safe and effective, with minimal discomfort and damage to the ocular surface in patients.