ABSTRACT
Jojoba is considered a promising oil crop and is cultivated for diverse purposes in many countries. The jojoba seed produces unique high-quality oil with a wide range of applications such as medical and industrial-related products. The plant also has potential value in combatting desertification and land degradation in dry and semi-dry areas. Although the plant is known for its high-temperature and high-salinity tolerance growth ability, issues such as its male-biased ratio, relatively late flowering and seed production time hamper the cultivation of this plant. The development of efficient biotechnological platforms for better cultivation and an improved production cycle is a necessity for farmers cultivating the plant. In the last 20 years, many efforts have been made for in vitro cultivation of jojoba by applying different molecular biology techniques. However, there is a lot of work to be done in order to reach satisfactory results that help to overcome cultivation problems. This review presents a historical overview, the medical and industrial importance of the jojoba plant, agronomy aspects and nutrient requirements for the plant's cultivation, and the role of recent biotechnology and molecular biology findings in jojoba research.
Subject(s)
Waxes , Magnoliopsida/growth & development , Biotechnology , Plant Roots , Magnoliopsida/chemistry , Culture Techniques , AcclimatizationABSTRACT
Não existem critérios para a execução de testes de germinação para sementes de pinhão manso publicados nas normas oficiais para análise de sementes. Assim, objetivou-se com esta pesquisa determinar o substrato, temperatura e tempo de contagem para o teste de germinação de sementes de pinhão-manso. Para o teste de germinação utilizaram-se quatro repetições de 20 sementes, contabilizando-se diariamente as plântulas normais até que a germinação cessasse. Inicialmente, foram avaliados os substratos em semeaduras entre vermiculita, em rolo de papel, entre areia e entre solo na temperatura alternada 20-30ºC. Os substratos mais favoráveis à germinação foram avaliados numa etapa seguinte, nas temperaturas constantes de 25, 30 e 35°C e alternadas de 15-35°C; 20-35°C e 20-30°C. Concluiu-se que o teste de germinação de sementes de pinhão-manso deve ser realizado na temperatura alternada 20-30ºC, em substrato areia ou papel e com contagem final aos 10 dias da semeadura.
Official rules for seed analysis don't establish criteria to execute germination tests for all species. This way, the aim of this research was to determinate the substrate, temperature and counting time for the germination test of physic nut seeds. For the germination test, four replications of 20 seeds were used, evaluating daily the normal seedlings until the end of germination. Initially, the substrates with sowing in vermiculite, were evaluated in rolled paper towels, in sand and in soil using alternating temperature of 20-30ºC. The most favorable substrates for germination were evaluated with another stage, using constant temperatures of 25, 30 and 35ºC and alternating ones, of 15-35ºC, 20-35ºC and 20-30ºC. One concluded that the germination test of physic nut seeds must be performed with the alternating temperature of 20-30ºC in sand or paper towel and with final counting 10 days after sowing.