Actividad repelente e insecticida de cuatro aceites esenciales de plantas recolectadas en Chocó-Colombia contra Tribolium castaneum / Repellent and insecticidal activity of four essential oils from plants recolleted in Chocó-Colombia against Tribolium castaneum

This study aimed to determine the repellent and insecticidal activity of four essential oils (EOs) from plants collected in the Chocó rain forest, Colombia, against T. castaneum . Conventional hydrodistillation was used to obtain the EOs. The repellent and insecticidal activities were evaluated by the preference area and gas dispersion methods, espectively. Statistical differences (p<0.05) were determined by applying a student's t-test. EOs of Siparuna guianensis, S. conica, Piper marginatum, and Nectandra acutifolia showed excellent repellent properties as the main findings, highlighting S. conicaEO with 84% repellency (1-hµL/cm2), while P. marginatum showed to be bioactive to the dose of 500 µL/mL (72 h), inducing mortality of 100% of the exposed population. In conclusion, the results evidenced the repellent properties of the EOs evaluated against T. castaneum , which allows us to conclude that these plant species are potential natural sources producing bio-repellents that contribute to the integrated control of T. castaneum.

Se evaluaron cuatro aceites esenciales (AEs) de plantas recolectadas en la selva pluvial del Chocó, Colombia, para determinar su actividad repelente e insecticida contra T. castaneum. Los AEs fueron obtenidos por hidrodestilación convencional. Las actividades repelentes e insecticidas se evaluaron por los métodos de área de preferencia y dispersión de gas, respectivamente. Las diferencias significativas (p<0,05) fueron determinadas aplicando una prueba t de student. Los AEs de Siparuna guianensis, S. conica, Piper marginatum y Nectandra acutifolia mostraron excelentes propiedades repelentes, destacando el AE de S. conicacon un 84% de repelencia (1µL/cm2), mientras que el AE de P. marginatummostró ser bioactivo a la dosis de 500 µL/mL (72 h) al inducir la mortalidad del 100% de la población expuesta. Se concluye que estas especies de plantas son fuentes naturales potencialmente viables para la producción de biorepelentes que contribuyan en el control integrado de T. castaneum.

Screening of essential oils against oxacillin - resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from bovine mastitis / Screening de aceites esenciales frente a Staphylococcus aureus oxacilino - resistentes extraidos de aislados de mastitis bovina

Bovine mastitis is a disease wi th far - reaching consequences for the dairy industry. Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen that is especially resistant to antibiotics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils Lippia citriodora (Lam.), Thy mus vulgaris (L), and a mixture of the essential oils Lippia citriodora and Thymus vulgaris (50/50 v/v), against isolates of oxacillin - resistant Staphylococcus aureus (n=15) of positive cases of bovine mastitis. For the statistical analysis, the IBM SPSS s tatistical package was used. The mixture of essential oils ( Lippia citriodora and Thymus vulgaris (50/50 v/v)) obtained the most significant antimicrobial activity in relation to pure essential oils. It is therefore concluded that the mixture of these oils boosts their antimicrobial activity ( p <0.05). The minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration of this mixture for the total isolations was 12 µL/L and 25 µL/mL, respectively.

La mastitis bovina es una enfermedad de gran impacto para la industria lechera. El Staphylococcus aureus es uno de los principales patógenos, especialmente aquellos resistentes a los antibióticos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la actividad antimicrobiana de los aceites esenciales de Lippia citriodora (Lam.), Thymus vulgaris (L), y una mezcla de aceites esenciales de Lippia citriodora y Thymus vulgaris (50/50 v/v), frente a aislamientos clínicos de Staph ylococcus aureus oxacilino - resistentes (n=15) de mastitis bovina. Se utilizó p rograma estadístico IBM SPSS y se concluyó la diferencia significativa a un p <0.05. La mezcla de aceites esenciales ( Lippia citriodora y Thymus vulgaris (50/50 v/v)), obtuvo la m ayor actividad antimicrobiana en relación a los aceites esenciales puros, se concluye que la mezcla de estos aceites potencia su actividad antimicrobiana ( p <0.019). La concentración mínima inhibitoria y bactericida de esta mezcla fue del 12 µL/mL y 25 µL/m L, respectivamente, y puede ser una alternativa terapéutica.

Efecto ecotóxico y preventivo del uso de aceites esenciales en la mastitis bovina / Ecotoxic and preventive effect of the use of essential oils in bovine mastitis

The essential oils of Lippia citriodora (Ort.) and Lippia origanoides (Kunth) have shown antimicrobial activity associated with mastitis. The objective of this study was to evaluate its ecotoxic effect with the Artemia salina bioassay and the prevention of mastitis through an in vivo test in cattle (n=20) with a product based on these oils using a conventional product as a control. Contact hypersensitivity, the effect on somatic cells, and residuality in mil k samples were evaluated. The results of the Artemia salina bioassay were 10.05 and 19.36 (µg/mL) respectively. No negative effects or contact hypersensitivity were observed, and no residual metabolites were found in post - test milk. The somatic cell count showed 75% effectiveness in the prevention of mastitis with essential oils compared to 62.5% with the conventional product. The evaluated formulation could be used in the prevention of bovine mastitis safely, further investigation is required.

Los aceites esenciales de Lippia citriodora (Ort.) y Lippia origanoides (Kunth), han mostrado acti vidad antimicrobiana asociada a la mastitis. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar su efecto ecotóxico con el bioensayo Artemia salina y la prevención de mastitis mediante un ensayo in vivo en bovinos (n=20) con un producto a base de estos aceites utiliz ando como control un producto convencional. Se evaluó la hipersensibilidad de contacto, efecto en células somáticas y residualidad en muestra de leche. Los resultados del bioensayo de Artemia salina fueron 10,05 y 19,36 (µg/mL) respectivamente. No se obser varon efectos negativos, ni hipersensibilidad de contacto, y no se encontraron metabolitos residuales en leche posterior al ensayo. El conteo de células somáticas mostró efectividad en la prevención de mastitis del 75% con aceites esenciales frente al 62.5 % del producto convencional. La formulación evaluada podría ser utilizada en la prevención de la mastitis bovina de forma segura, se requiere profundizar en la investigación.

Effectiveness of experimental dentifrices based on essential oils on biofilm on complete dentures: an in vitro study

Abstract Specific products containing natural resources can contribute to the innovation of complete denture hygiene. Objective: To conduct an in vitro evaluation of experimental dentifrices containing essential oils of Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth (BvK), Copaifera officinalis (Co), Eucalyptus citriodora (Ec), Melaleuca alternifolia (Ma) and Pinus strobus (Ps) at 1%. Methodology: The variables evaluated were organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics, abrasiveness (mechanical brushing machine) simulating 2.5 years, and microbial load (Colony Forming Units - CFU/mL), metabolic activity (XTT assay) and cell viability (Live/Dead® BacLight™ kit) of the multispecies biofilm (Streptococcus mutans: Sm, Staphylococcus aureus: Sa, Candida albicans: Ca and Candida glabrata: Cg). Specimens of heat-polymerized acrylic resins (n=256) (n=96 specimens for abrasiveness, n=72 for microbial load count, n=72 for biofilm metabolic activity, n=16 for cell viability and total biofilm quantification) with formed biofilm were divided into eight groups for manual brushing (20 seconds) with a dental brush and distilled water (NC: negative control), Trihydral (PC: positive control), placebo (Pl), BvK, Co, Ec, Ma or Ps. After brushing, the specimens were washed with PBS and immersed in Letheen Broth medium, and the suspension was sown in solid specific medium. The organoleptic characteristics were presented by descriptive analysis. The values of density, pH, consistency and viscosity were presented in a table. The data were analyzed with the Wald test in a generalized linear model, followed by the Kruskal-Wallis test, Dunn's test (mass change) and the Bonferroni test (UFC and XTT). The Wald test in Generalized Estimating Equations and the Bonferroni test were used to analyze cell viability. Results: All dentifrices showed stable organoleptic characteristics and adequate physicochemical properties. CN, Ec, Ps, Pl and PC showed low abrasiveness. There was a significant difference between the groups (p<0.001) for microbial load, metabolic activity and biofilm viability. Conclusions: It was concluded that the BvK, Ec and Ps dentifrices are useful for cleaning complete dentures, as they have antimicrobial activity against biofilm. The dentifrices containing Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth showed medium abrasiveness and should be used with caution.

Orofacial antinociceptive activity of codeine-associated geraniol in mice: a controlled triple-blind study

Abstract This is a nonclinical, controlled, and triple-blind study to investigate the effects of codeine-associated geraniol on the modulation of orofacial nociception and its potential central nervous system depressing effect in an animal model. The orofacial antinociceptive activity of geraniol in combination with codeine was assessed through the following tests: (i) formalin-induced pain, (ii) glutamate-induced pain, and (iii) capsaicin-induced pain. Six animals were equally distributed into six groups and received the following treatments, given intraperitoneally (i.p.) 30 minutes before the experiments: a) geraniol/codeine 50/30 mg/kg; b) geraniol/codeine 50/15 mg/kg; c) geraniol/codeine 50/7.5 mg/kg; d) geraniol 50 mg/kg; e) codeine 30 mg/kg (positive control); or f) 0.9% sodium chloride (negative control). We performed pain behavior analysis after the injection of formalin (20 µL, 20%), glutamate (20 µL, 25 µM), and capsaicin (20 µL, 2.5 µg) into the paranasal region. Rubbing time of the paranasal region by the hind or front paw was used as a parameter. In the neurogenic phase of the formalin test, the geraniol/codeine at 50/7.5 mg/kg was able to promote the maximum antinociceptive effect, reducing nociception by 71.9% (p < 0.0001). In the inflammatory phase of the formalin test, geraniol/codeine at 50/30 mg/kg significantly reduced orofacial nociception (p < 0.005). In the glutamate test, geraniol/codeine at 50/30 mg/kg reduced the rubbing time by 54.2% and reduced nociception in the capsaicin test by 66.7% (p < 0.005). Geraniol alone or in combination does not promote nonspecific depressing effects on the central nervous system. Based on our findings, we suggest the possible synergy between geraniol and codeine in the modulation of orofacial pain.

Efetividade da aromaterapia na dependência de nicotina em trabalhadores da saúde / Effectiveness of aromatherapy in nicotine dependence in healthcare workers

INTRODUÇÃO: O tabagismo é considerado uma doença crônica de dependência da nicotina e um fator de risco para doenças graves como câncer e doenças cardiovasculares, além de ser uma das principais causas de mortes evitáveis no mundo. Os programas de controle do uso do tabaco atingiram um bom resultado nas últimas décadas, com a redução do número de fumantes. Contudo, verifica-se que o tratamento medicamentoso e comportamental não apresenta 100% de eficácia, com recaídas e efeitos colaterais para o fumante. Novos desafios foram impostos após a pandemia da COVID-19, principalmente no setor da saúde, no qual a preocupação com os impactos na saúde dos trabalhadores e das trabalhadoras ficou em evidência. Nesse cenário, foi verificada a importância de cuidar dos que mais se expuseram aos efeitos nocivos desse período, voltando o olhar não somente para transtornos a nível psíquico dessa parcela populacional, mas também para a promoção da qualidade de vida do trabalhador, principalmente do trabalhador que apresenta um comportamento de risco em saúde, como por exemplo, o trabalhador tabagista. A aromaterapia, uma Prática Integrativa e Complementar em Saúde apoiada em evidências de efetividade clínica nas mais diversas condições clínicas, foi proposta como intervenção neste grupo. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a efetividade da aromaterapia na dependência de nicotina em trabalhadores tabagistas. MÉTODO: Estudo piloto, clínico, randomizado, duplo-cego que utilizou dois óleos essenciais, piper nigrum e angelica archangelica, por meio de inalação, em dois grupos de trabalhadores da saúde, para avaliar o efeito desses óleos nos níveis de dependência do tabagismo. Os desfechos avaliados foram o nível de dependência de nicotina (desfecho primário), mensurado por meio do Teste de Fagerstrom, e a medida da carga tabágica (desfecho secundário) do participante. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em um período de 30 dias nas dependências de um hospital universitário da cidade de Belo Horizonte/MG com uma população de 29 trabalhadores tabagistas. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio do programa SPSS versão 21.0 e as mudanças nos níveis de dependência da nicotina e de carga tabágica no estudo foram avaliadas utilizando o teste de Wilcoxon emparelhado. As associações entre as variáveis categorizadas foram feitas por meio do teste qui-quadrado de Pearson. A efetividade dos óleos essenciais entre os grupos foi realizada pelo Teste de Mann-Whitney. Para todos os testes, foi fixado o nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Os grupos aleatorizados foram semelhantes entre si na maioria das variáveis analisadas (p>0,05). Houve diminuição tanto da carga tabágica quanto no teste de dependência à nicotina após a intervenção com os óleos essenciais em ambos os grupos (p<0,05), com o grupo Angélica iniciando a pesquisa com um grau moderado de dependência no Teste de Fagerstrom e carga tabágica moderada, e ao final demonstrando uma baixa dependência e carga tabágica baixa. Da mesma maneira, o grupo Pimenta-preta exibiu uma baixa dependência de nicotina e carga tabágica baixa no teste inicial e após a intervenção, uma baixíssima dependência. Dois participantes do sexo masculino, cada um de um grupo avaliado, alcançou a abstinência. Não houve diferença significativa (p>0,05) no tamanho do efeito em relação ao tipo de óleo essencial utilizado. CONCLUSÃO: Os óleos essenciais utilizados na pesquisa foram efetivos na redução da dependência da nicotina e na diminuição da carga tabágica dos sujeitos avaliados. Não houve diferença significativa entre o efeito dos OE do grupo controle em relação ao grupo experimental.

INTRODUCTION: Smoking is considered a chronic nicotine addiction disease and a risk factor for serious illnesses such as cancer and cardiovascular disease, as well as being one of the main causes of preventable deaths worldwide. Tobacco control programs have achieved good results in recent decades, with a reduction in the number of smokers. However, drug and behavioral treatment is not 100% effective, with relapses and side effects for smokers. New challenges have been imposed following the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in the health sector, where concerns about the impact on workers' health have been highlighted. In this scenario, the importance of caring for those who have been most exposed to the harmful effects of this period has been verified, looking not only at the psychological disorders of this population, but also at promoting the quality of life of the worker, especially the worker who presents a health risk behavior, such as the smoking worker. Aromatherapy, an Integrative and Complementary Health Practice supported by evidence of clinical effectiveness in a wide range of clinical conditions, was proposed as an intervention for this group. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of aromatherapy on nicotine dependence in workers who smoke. METHOD: A pilot, clinical, randomized, double-blind study using two essential oils, piper nigrum and angelica archangelica, by inhalation, in two groups of health workers, to evaluate the effect of these oils on levels of smoking dependence. The outcomes assessed were the level of nicotine dependence (primary outcome), measured using the Fagerstrom Test, and the measure of the participant's smoking load (secondary outcome). The study was carried out over a period of 30 days on the premises of a university hospital in the city of Belo Horizonte/MG with a population of 29 workers who were smokers. Data analysis was carried out using the SPSS program version 21.0 and changes in levels of nicotine dependence and smoking load in the study were assessed using the paired Wilcoxon test. Associations between the categorized variables were made using Pearson's chi-square test. The effectiveness of the essential oils between the groups was assessed using the Mann-Whitney test. A significance level of 5% was set for all tests. RESULTS: The randomized groups were similar in most of the variables analyzed (p>0.05). There was a decrease in both smoking load and nicotine dependence after the intervention with essential oils in both groups (p<0.05), with the Angelica group starting the study with a moderate degree of dependence in the Fagerstrom test and moderate smoking load, and at the end showing low dependence and low smoking load. Similarly, the Black Pepper group exhibited a low nicotine dependence and low smoking load in the initial test and after the intervention, a very low dependence. Two male participants, each from an evaluated group, achieved abstinence. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in effect size in relation to the type of essential oil used. CONCLUSION: The essential oils used in the study were effective in reducing nicotine dependence and the smoking burden of the subjects evaluated. There was no significant difference between the effect of EOs in the control group and the experimental group.

Aceite esencial de Arazá (Eugenia stipitata McVaugh) con actividad antibacteriana / Essential oil of Arazá (Eugenia stipitata McVaugh) with antibacterial activity

Introducción: El Perú es uno de los países con mayor biodiversidad en especies botánicas, algunas con propiedades medicinales conocidas. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto antibacteriano del aceite esencial de las hojas de Eugenia stipitata McVaugh frente a Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 y Salmonella enterica sv Enteritidis ATCC 13076. Métodos: Estudio de tipo básico con enfoque cuantitativo y experimental. Las plantas provienen del distrito de Belén, ciudad de Iquitos, Departamento de Loreto. La técnica para la extracción del aceite esencial fue la de arrastre de vapor y la técnica microbiológica para determinar el efecto antimicrobiano la de Kirby Bauer. Se trabajaron las muestras en 4 concentraciones 100, 75, 50 y un 25 por ciento; un control negativo solo con dimetilsulfóxido, se utilizaron 5 repeticiones por cada muestra. Resultados: La muestra a concentración al 100 por ciento tuvo actividad antibacteriana contra Staphylococcus aureus. La actividad del ensayo frente a Escherichia coli demostró ser efectiva en todas las muestras, sin embargo, se observó que los halos de inhibición de mayor diámetro se manifestaron en las muestras al 100 por ciento y 75 por ciento. Además, se evidenció actividad antibacteriana a concentraciones del 100 por ciento, 75 por ciento y un 50 por ciento frente a Salmonella enterica sv Enteritidis. Conclusiones: El aceite esencial de las hojas de Eugenia stipitata McVaugh presenta efecto antibacteriano frente a Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli y Salmonella enterica sv Enteritidis(AU)

Introduction: Peru is one of the countries with the greatest biodiversity in botanical species, some with known medicinal properties. Objective: To determine the antibacterial effect of the essential oil of Eugenia stipitata McVaugh leaves against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Salmonella enterica sv Enteritidis ATCC 13076. Methods: Basic study with a quantitative and experimental approach. Plants came from the district of Belén, city of Iquitos, Department of Loreto. The technique for the extraction of the essential oil was steam dragging and the microbiological technique to determine the antimicrobial effect was Kirby Bauer's technique. The samples were worked in 4 concentrations 100, 75, 50 and 25 percent and a negative control only with dimethyl sulfoxide, using 5 replicates for each sample. Results: The sample at 100 percent concentration had antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The activity of the assay against Escherichia coli proved to be effective in all the samples, however, it was observed that the inhibition halos of greater diameter were manifested in the samples at 100 percent and 75 percent. In addition, antibacterial activity was evidenced at concentrations of 100 percent, 75 percent and 50 percent against Salmonella enterica sv Enteritidis. Conclusions: The essential oil of Eugenia stipitata McVaugh leaves has an antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica sv Enteritidis(AU)

Bauhinia Linnaeus: an overview of the chemistry and bioactivity of essential oils / Bauhinia Linnaeus: una descripción general de la química y bioactividad de los aceites esenciales

Bauhinia genus comprises 300 diferent species distributed in tropical and subtropical forests. Infusions of some species have been frequently used in folk medicine to treat several ailments, especially diabetes. S tudies are focused on the extracts and little is reported about their essential oils. This review aims to compile data about the chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils from diferent species of the genus Bauhinia , in order to show the potential of these oils, since they have a rich composition in terpenoids, with emphasis on sesquiterpenes and diterpenes, which have a broad spectrum of biological actions and can be explored in various application areas.

El género Bauhinia comprende 300 especies diferentes distribuidas en bosques tropicales y subtropicales. Las infusiones de algunas especies se han utilizado con frecuencia en la medicina popular para tratar varias dolencias, especialmente la diabetes. Los estudios se centran en los extractos y se informa poco sobre sus aceites esenciales. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo recopilar datos sobre la composición química y activida des biológicas de los aceites esenciales de diferentes especies del género Bauhinia , con el fin de mostrar el potencial de estos aceites, ya que tienen una composición rica en terpenoides, con énfasis en sesquiterpenos y diterpenos, que tienen un amplio es pectro de acciones biológicas y pueden explorarse en diversas áreas de aplicación.

Efectos de fuentes de grasa sobre características del hígado y la morfometría intestinal en un modelo animal a temprana edad / Effects of fat sources on liver characteristics and intestinal morphometry in an early-life animal model

RESUMEN El objetivo fue determinar el efecto del consumo de tres fuentes de ácidos grasos sobre el peso relativo, caracterización macroscópica y microscópica del hígado, y la morfometría intestinal en un modelo animal a temprana edad. Se utilizaron 76 pollitos distribuidos al azar, que recibieron una de las dietas (T1: 97,0% de dieta basal (DB) + 3,0% de material inerte, T2: 97,0% de DB + 3,0% de manteca vegetal parcialmente hidrogenada, T3: 97,0% de DB + 3,0% de aceite de quinua, y T4: 97,0% de DB + 3,0% de aceite de pescado) hasta el séptimo día de vida; luego se extrajeron muestras para los análisis correspondientes. Se encontró que, los animales que consumieron aceite de quinua (T3) o aceite de pescado (T4) tuvieron resultados favorables asociados a un menor peso del hígado y, una mejor absorción de nutrientes a nivel intestinal debido a mayores valores en la relación longitud del vello y profundidad de cripta; en comparación a la manteca vegetal parcialmente hidrogenada (T2). En conclusión, el aceite de quinua constituye una opción saludable de consumo y fuente alternativa al aceite de pescado.

ABSTRACT We aimed to determine the effect of the consumption of three sources of fatty acids on the relative weight, macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the liver, and intestinal morphometry in an early-life animal model. Seventy-six randomly distributed chicks received one of the diets (T1: 97.0% basal diet (BD) + 3.0% inert material, T2: 97.0% BD + 3.0% partially hydrogenated vegetable shortening, T3: 97.0% BD + 3.0% quinoa oil, and T4: 97.0% BD + 3.0% fish oil) until the seventh day of life; samples were then extracted in order to be analyzed. We found that the animals that consumed quinoa oil (T3) or fish oil (T4) had favorable results associated to lower liver weight and better absorption of nutrients at intestinal level due to higher values in the hair length and crypt depth ratio, in comparison to partially hydrogenated vegetable shortening (T2). In conclusion, quinoa oil constitutes a healthy option for consumption and an alternative source to fish oil.

Aspectos farmacognósticos e a importância do óleo essencial da laranja como substância terapêutica na diminuição dos efeitos do estresse / Pharmacognostic aspects and importance of orange essential oil therapeutic substance in decreasing the effects of stress

Pertencente à família Rutaceae, o gênero Citrus tem os mais importantes frutos da colheita de árvores frutíferas mundial, sendo representado por inúmeras espécies de grande importância para a terapêutica moderna. A Citrus sinensis, alvo de estudos recentes perante seu potencial terapêutico sob o estresse, apresenta o isômero destrorotativo do Limoneno como substância ativa para a diminuição da sintomatologia do indivíduo a partir da redução de marcadores endoteliais inflamatórios envolvidos durante todo o ciclo vicioso causado pelo agente estressor. O estresse, capaz de atingir níveis cognitivos, comportamentais e fisiológicos, é também responsável pelo comportamento básico do indivíduo frente ao estímulo estressante. O presente artigo avalia os benefícios da laranja perante seu uso como ansiolítico, além de suas características farmacognósticas mais relevantes comparadas à utilização de produtos nacionais. A metodologia utilizada remete-se à análise bibliográfica de artigos acadêmicos na base de dados da SciELO, PubMed e Google Acadêmico, além da determinação do perfil cromatográfico dos óleos essenciais de limão, tangerina, laranja azeda e a substância ativa contida em cápsulas vendidas comercialmente, para subsequente análise e comparação dos compostos encontrados na prática e na literatura. Os resultados obtidos revelam a semelhança entre as amostras analisadas e o conteúdo das cápsulas, demonstrando qualidade em concentrações significativas para o desenvolvimento e melhoramento dos produtos do mercado nacional. Não obstante, a suma importância do barateamento de custos desses produtos a partir do aprofundamento clínico-científico no óleo das laranjas nacionais utilizadas, garante aumento na qualidade de vida da população-alvo do estudo além da diminuição da incidência da doença.

Actividad biológica de los aceites de semillas de Annona muricatay A. cherimola / Biological activity of Annona muricata and A. cherimola seed oils

Vegetable extracts have become important raw materials for food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries because of their biological potential. The objective of this study was to assess the biological activity of vegetable oils (VOs) extracted from Annona muricata and A. cherimola. Antibacterial activity was determined by plaque microdilution. The assessment of hemolytic inhibition and morphological alterations was performed in erythrocyte cultures by spectrophotometry and microscopy, respectively. Neutrophils were used to analyze both cytotoxicity by the trypan blue exclusion method and the effect on gelatinase granule release (MMP9) via zymography. Whereas VOs showed a mild antibacterial activity (900 µL/mL) on five ATCC bacterial strains, they had no effect on multi-resistant bacteria. In addition, VOs inhibited hydrogen peroxide induced hemolysis and did not cause erythrocyte cell abnormalities. Cytotoxicity was not detected in neutrophils and VOs were able to stimulate MMP9 release. These results support their potential use by the food and cosmetic industries due to their antioxidant, non-cytotoxic, and slight antibacterial capacities.

Los extractos vegetales adquieren importancia en la industria alimentaria, farmacéutica y cosmética, por su potencial biológico. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar actividad biológica de los Aceites Vegetales (AV) de semillas de Annona muricata y A. cherimola. La actividad antibacteriana se determinó mediante microdilución en placa; en cultivo de eritrocitos se evaluó inhibición hemolítica por espectrofotometría y alteraciones morfológicas por recuento microscópico; en neutrófilos se evaluó citotoxicidad por método de exclusión con azul de tripán, y el efecto sobre liberación de gránulos de gelatinasa (MMP9) mediante zimografía. Los AV presentaron actividad antibacteriana leve (900 µL/mL) en cinco cepas ATCC, pero no en bacterias multirresistentes; inhibieron la hemolisis inducida por peróxido de hidrogeno; no generaron deformaciones eritrocitarias; no se evidenció citotoxicidad en neutrófilos y estimularon la liberación de MMP9. Los resultados podrían sustentar el uso potencial de estos AV en la industria alimenticia o cosmética, gracias a su capacidad antioxidante, no citotóxica y levemente antibacteriana.

Association of Dietary and Physical Activity Patterns and Hypertension in Western Rajasthan, 2022

Introduction: Hypertension (HTN) is a modifiable risk factor for coronary artery disease, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease and chronic renal failure. HTN affects about 1 billion people globally; by 2025, up to 1.58 billion adults worldwide are likely to suffer from complications of HTN. This study was done to know the diet and physical activity patterns and HTN among the population of three districts of Western Rajasthan. Objectives: To study the dietary and physical activity patterns among the population of Western Rajasthan. and to compare key findings among three districts Pali, Jodhpur and Barmer so that lifestyle changes can be recommended. Methods: A case-control study was done among attendees of NCD clinics of tertiary-level centers in Pali, Barmer and Jodhpur. Hospital Controls were matched to age (± 5 years) and gender Considering the prevalence of HTN to be 20%*, the proportion of exposure in the general population as 0.2, odds ratio to be 2.2, power =80%, alpha=5% sample size is estimated to be 102 cases & 102 controls (from each district). Results: Overall being married (OR= 3.3), having diabetes Cardiac disease (OR= 2.6), excessive salt consumption (OR= 2.7), moderate physical exercise less than 30 minutes (OR=1.9), using oil other than vegetable oil(OR=1.8) , Age >?60 years (OR =1.4) were the key risk factors. It was found that high BMI (BMI>27), consumption of non-vegetable oils (12.7%) was highest in Jodhpur, lack of moderate exercise for at least 30 minutes (81%), lack of sports activity (92%) was highest in Pali, least number of days/week of fruits and vegetables consumption (~1.64 days) was seen in Barmer. Conclusions: Change in quantity of salt consumption and incorporation of moderate physical exercise for >30 minutes was most followed in control of HTN among the attendees of NCD Clinics from the multiple advise given.

Aplicação e segurança da aromaterapia durante o tratamento oncológico: scoping review / Application and safety of aromatherapy during cancer treatment: scoping review

Resumo: Pesquisa desenvolvida em programa de mestrado acadêmico em enfermagem, da Universidade Federal do Paraná, na Linha de Pesquisa Tecnologia e Inovação para Cuidar em Saúde e Enfermagem. A iniciativa partiu da realidade de que as doenças crônicas como o câncer, apresentam projeções de incidência crescente para os próximos triênios, segundo o Instituto Nacional do Câncer. Na trajetória do tratamento, devem ser disponibilizadas informações pertinentes incluindo as práticas integrativas e complementares, baseadas em evidências para guiar os familiares, profissionais de saúde, e especialmente a equipe de enfermagem. Esta pesquisa inova ao atender a necessidade em reunir e dispor sistematicamente, as características relacionadas aos métodos de escolha, aplicação e segurança da aromaterapia para indivíduos em tratamento oncológico. Objetivo foi mapear as evidências, dos últimos 20 anos, relativas à aromaterapia durante o tratamento oncológico para adultos com câncer, quanto a sua aplicação e medidas de segurança. O método adotado foi a Scoping Review, segundo as diretrizes JBI®. Incluídos 296 estudos, publicados entre Setembro / 2021 a Outubro / 2022, resgatados nas bases de dados: Cochrane Library; EMBASE; CINAHL; PubMed; Scopus; LILACS e Web of Science. E, 328 evidências em literatura cinzenta disponíveis na Open Acess Theses and Dissertations, TROVE Austrália e ProQuest. Os critérios de inclusão foram estudos com adultos (> 18 anos), diagnosticados com câncer, submetidos à alguma modalidade de tratamento neoadjuvante ou adjuvante, como cirurgia, quimioterapia, radioterapia, imunoterapia ou hormonioterapia; e, que recebiam, de forma complementar, a aromaterapia inalatória ou tópica em cenário hospitalar, ou ambulatorial. A triagem e seleção dos estudos se deu por dois revisores independentes, com auxílio online do Rayyan. Excluídos estudos: conduzidos em cuidados paliativos; com população com diagnóstico de metástase; com gestantes; e, que incluíssem outra modalidade de prática complementar - isolada ou em associação à aromaterapia -; e, experimentos in vitro. A amostra final foi de 25 estudos. As pesquisas foram predominantes em países orientais, publicadas em revistas dos Estados Unidos da América; o método prevalente foi de Ensaio Clínico Randomizado, com média amostral de 103 participantes. O diagnóstico recordista foi de câncer de mama, e a utilização da aromaterapia ocorreu, mais frequentemente, na forma inalatória, utilizando os óleos essenciais de Lavanda (Lavandula angustifólia) e Menta (Menta x piperita), para redução da ansiedade, náusea ou vômitos induzidos pela quimioterapia. Para a segurança na aplicação da aromaterapia enfatizaram-se os cuidados com a seleção dos participantes, o armazenamento e a garantia de qualidade dos óleos essenciais utilizados. Nenhum efeito colateral grave ou toxicidade foram reportados pelas pesquisas e, concluiu-se que seu uso apresenta potencial benefício para manejo de sintomas físicos, emocionais e psicológicos, para adultos com câncer, durante o tratamento oncológico. A execução do estudo favoreceu a apropriação das evidências para desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas clínicas, o que potencialmente pode resultar em oferta de uma assistência complementar, centrada no indivíduo, versátil e segura para manejo de sintomas provocados pelo uso da quimioterapia, radioterapia, imunoterapia ou hormonioterapia por meio da aromaterapia. Sugere-se novos estudos clínicos, com maior rigor metodológico quanto aos dados de aplicação e segurança da aromaterapia.

Abstract: Research developed in the academic master's program in nursing, at the Federal University of Paraná, in the Technology and Innovation Research Line for Health Care and Nursing. The initiative was based on the fact that chronic diseases such as cancer are projected to increase in incidence over the next three years, according to the National Cancer Institute. In the course of treatment, relevant information should be made available, including integrative and complementary practices, based on evidence to guide family members, health professionals, and especially the nursing team. This research innovates by meeting the need to systematically gather and arrange the characteristics related to the methods of choice, application and safety of aromatherapy for individuals undergoing cancer treatment. The objective was to map the evidence, from the last 20 years, regarding aromatherapy during oncological treatment for adults with cancer, regarding its application and safety measures. The method adopted was the Scoping Review, according to the JBI® guidelines. Included 296 studies, published between September/2021 to October/2022, retrieved from the databases: Cochrane Library; BASE; CINAHL; PubMed; Scopus; LILACS and Web of Science. And, 328 gray literature evidence available from Open Access Theses and Dissertations, TROVE Australia, and ProQuest. Inclusion criteria were studies with adults (> 18 years old), diagnosed with cancer, undergoing some form of neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment, such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy or hormone therapy; and, who received, in a complementary way, inhaled or topical aromatherapy in a hospital or outpatient setting. The screening and selection of studies was carried out by two independent reviewers, with online help from Rayyan. Excluded studies: conducted in palliative care; with population diagnosed with metastasis; with pregnant women; and, which included another modality of complementary practice - alone or in association with aromatherapy -; and, in vitro experiments. The final sample consisted of 25 studies. The surveys were predominant in eastern countries, published in journals in the United States of America; the prevalent method was the Randomized Clinical Trial, with a sample mean of 103 participants. The record-breaking diagnosis was breast cancer, and the use of aromatherapy occurred, more frequently, in the inhaled form, using the essential oils of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and Peppermint (Menta x piperita), to reduce anxiety, nausea or induced vomiting. by chemotherapy. For safety in the application of aromatherapy, care was taken with the selection of participants, storage and quality assurance of the essential oils used. No serious side effects or toxicity were reported by research, and it was concluded that its use has potential benefit for managing physical, emotional and psychological symptoms for adults with cancer during cancer treatment. The execution of the study favored the appropriation of evidence for the development of new clinical research, which can potentially result in the provision of complementary, individual-centered, versatile and safe assistance for the management of symptoms caused by the use of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy or hormone therapy through aromatherapy. New clinical studies are suggested, with greater methodological rigor regarding data on the application and safety of aromatherapy.

The biological activities of anise and fennel essential oils against indoor opportunistic fungi

Aims@#This study investigated the antifungal activities of essential oils (EOs) extracted from anise (Pimpinella anisum) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) against indoor opportunistic fungi (Penicillium frequentans, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Chaetomium globosum) isolated from an apartment wall surfaces. The antioxidant activity of extracted EOs was examined. @*Methodology and results@#The components of EOs were identified and quantified using gas chromatography (GC-MS). Antifungal activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and killing potential assays of EOs were performed. EOs extracted from anise and fennel showed considerable antifungal activities against the four indoor opportunistic fungi. EO from fennel showed high antifungal activity against A. niger and C. globosum, while EO from anise showed high antifungal activity against P. frequentans and A. flavus. EOs from anise and fennel showed the same MIC values (5-8 mg/mL). EOs from anise and fennel showed high killing potential after 72 h against the indoor opportunistic fungi. The highest killing potential was against P. frequentans and the lowest killing potential was against C. globosum. Moreover, EOs from anise and fennel showed high antioxidant activities with scavenging activity after 90 min of 89.39% and 90.2%, respectively. @*Conclusion, significance and impact of study @#EOs extracted from anise and fennel could be used as natural antifungal agents against indoor opportunistic fungi.

Chemical Constituents， Pharmacology， and Toxicology of Asari Radix et Rhizoma： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Asari Radix et Rhizoma （AR） is a traditional Chinese medicine with a history of more than 2 000 years of medication and has been included in ancient herbal works in the past dynasties. It is effective in releasing the exterior， dispersing cold， dispelling wind， relieving pain， opening orifices， warming the lung， and resolving fluids， and is still widely used in the clinical treatment of influenza， coronavirus disease-2019 （COVID-19） pneumonia， asthma， allergic rhinitis， eye pain， headache， toothache， oral ulcer， eczema， etc. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that AR has antipyretic， anti-inflammatory， analgesic， antibacterial， antiviral， relieving cough and asthma， anti-allergy， and other effects. AR contains a variety of chemical components， in which essential oil is not only associated with functions such as dispelling cold， relieving heat， relieving pain， and resisting inflammation and allergy， but is also toxic. AR also contains lignans， flavonoids， amides， phenanthrenes， alkaloids， and other non-volatile oil components， which play an important role in immunity regulation， anti-inflammation， pain relief， heart strengthening， and blood vessel expansion. The phenanthrene compounds are mainly aristolochic acid analogues， such as aristolochic acid Ⅳa and aristolochic lactam Ⅰ. Aristolochic acid Ⅳa has been proven to have a significant anti-inflammatory effect. The toxicity of AR is related to safrole， aristolochic acids and their analogues， and is also affected by many factors， such as preparation method， dosage， origin， collection time， medicinal part， and decocting time， which should be comprehensively considered in clinical application. Based on the relevant literature in China and abroad， the present study reviewed the correlation of chemical composition and pharmacological and toxicological effects of AR， and the safety of AR， aristolochic acid， safrole， and other components to provide a new perspective for an objective understanding of AR safety， as well as references for rational clinical application， production risk prevention and control， and drug scientific supervision of AR.

Chitosan microparticles loaded with essential oils inhibit duo-biofilms of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans

Abstract Oral candidiasis is a common fungal infection that affects the oral mucosa, and happens when Candida albicans interacts with bacteria in the oral microbiota, such as Streptococcus mutans, causing severe early childhood caries. C. albicans and S. mutans mixed biofilms are challenging to treat with conventional antimicrobial therapies, thus, new anti-infective drugs are required. Objective This study aimed to test a drug delivery system based on chitosan microparticles loaded with geranium and lemongrass essential oils to inhibit C. albicans and S. mutans mixed biofilms. Methodology Chitosan microparticles loaded with essential oils (CM-EOs) were obtained by spray-drying. Susceptibility of planktonic were performed according CLSI at 4 to 2,048 µg/mL. Mixed biofilms were incubated at 37ºC for 48 h and exposed to CM-EOs at 256 to 4,096 µg/mL. The antimicrobial effect was evaluated using the MTT assay, with biofilm architectural changes analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. RAW 264.7 cell was used to evaluate compound cytotoxicity. Results CM-EOs had better planktonic activity against C. albicans than S. mutans. All samples reduced the metabolic activity of mixed C. albicans and S. mutans biofilms, with encapsulated oils showing better activity than raw chitosan or oils. The microparticles reduced the biofilm on the slides. The essential oils showed cytotoxic effects against RAW 264.7 cells, but encapsulation into chitosan microparticles decreased their toxicity. Conclusion This study demonstrates that chitosan loaded with essential oils may provide an alternative method for treating diseases caused by C. albicans and S. mutans mixed biofilm, such as dental caries.

Aromaterapia na redução dos sintomas de estresse na equipe de enfermagem: revisão integrativa de literatura / Aromaterapia para reducir síntomas de estrés en equipos de enfermería: revisión integradora de la literatura / Aromatherapy in reducing stress symptoms in the nursing team: an integrative literature review

Objetivo: analisar as evidências científicas em relação ao uso da aromaterapia na redução de sintomas relacionados ao estresse na equipe de Enfermagem. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura realizada em 01 de julho de 2022, a partir dos descritores "Aromatherapy", "Stress" e "Nursing", com utilização da plataforma Rayyan para seleção dos estudos realizados por dois pesquisadores independentes. Foram incluídos documentos de acesso digital na íntegra e gratuitos nos idiomas português, inglês ou espanhol, que analisaram a aromaterapia e a população de interesse separadamente. Resultados: doze estudos foram incluídos com predominância de ensaios clínicos randomizados e estudos quase experimentais. Destacou-se aromaterapia inalatória com o óleo essencial de Lavandula angustifolia. A utilização de grupo-controle e múltiplas medições dos desfechos foram os critérios que apresentaram maior fragilidade entre os estudos analisados. Considerações finais: a aromaterapia demonstrou efetividade e segurança na redução de sintomas de estresse para a equipe de Enfermagem.

Objetivo: analizar las evidencias científicas en relación con utilizar Aromaterapia para reducir síntomas relacionados con el estrés en equipos de Enfermería. Método: revisión integradora de la literatura realizada el 1 de julio de 2022 a partir de los siguientes descriptores: "Aromatherapy", "Stress" y "Nursing", y empleando la plataforma Rayyan para seleccionar los estudios a cargo de dos investigadores independientes. Se incluyeron documentos con acceso digital a sus textos completos y gratuitos en portugués, inglés o español, y que analizaran la Aromaterapia y la populación de interés en forma separada. Resultados: se incluyeron doce estudios, con predominio de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y estudios cuasiexperimentales. Se destacó la Aromaterapia por inhalación con aceite esencial de Lavandula angustifolia. Emplear un Grupo Controle y de múltiples mediciones de los desenlaces fueron los criterios que presentaron mayor fragilidad entre los estudios analizados. Consideraciones finales: la Aromaterapia demostró ser efectiva y segura para reducir síntomas de estrés en equipos de Enfermería.

Objective: to analyze the diverse scientific evidence regarding the use of aromatherapy in reducing stress-related symptoms in the Nursing team. Method: an integrative literature review carried out on July 1st, 2022, based on the "Aromatherapy", "Stress" and "Nursing" descriptors and using the Rayyan platform to select the studies, all in charge of two independent researchers. Full-text and free digital access documents in Portuguese, English or Spanish were included, which analyzed aromatherapy and the population of interest separately. Results: twelve studies were included, with predominance of randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies. Inhalation aromatherapy with Lavandula angustifolia essential oil stood out. The use of a Control Group and multiple outcome measures were the criteria that presented the greatest weakness among the studies analyzed. Final considerations: Aromatherapy showed effectiveness and safety in reducing stress symptoms for the Nursing team.

In vitro and Quantitative and Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) evaluation of the antifungal activity of terpenoid constituents of essential oils against Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporum / Evaluación in vitro y QSAR (Quantitative and Structure-Activity Relationship) de la actividad antifúngica de terpenoides obtenidos de aceites esenciales frente a Alternaria alternata y Fusarium oxysporum

Introducción. Los géneros Alternaria y Fusarium contienen especies patógenas para los humanos y los cultivos. Para su control, se han utilizado diversos antifúngicos. Sin embargo, su uso desmedido ha contribuido al desarrollo de agentes patógenos resistentes. Una alternativa para buscar y desarrollar nuevos agentes antimicóticos son los aceites esenciales y sus componentes principales, los cuales poseen diversas actividades biológicas de interés para la medicina y en la preservación de alimentos. Objetivo. Evaluar in vitro e in silico las actividades antifúngicas de terpenoides contra Alternaria alternata y Fusarium oxysporum. Materiales y métodos. Se evaluaron in vitro las concentraciones inhibitorias mínimas y las concentraciones fungicidas mínimas de 27 constituyentes de aceites esenciales contra A. alternata y F. oxysporum. Además, mediante algoritmos genéticos, se crearon modelos cuantitativos de la relación estructura-actividad para determinar las propiedades estructurales y fisicoquímicas relacionadas con la actividad antifúngica. Resultados. Los compuestos evaluados mostraron ser antifúngicos activos. El timol fue el compuesto con mayor actividad, con un valor de concentración inhibitoria mínima de 91.6 ± 28.8 pg/ml, tanto para Alternarla alternata como para Fusarium oxysporum. Los modelos cuantitativos de la relación estructura-actividad incluyeron la avidez por los lípidos y los fenoles como los principales grupos funcionales que contribuyen en la actividad antifúngica. Conclusión. Los terpenoides poseen actividades antifúngicas relevantes para ser incorporados en el estudio de la química medicinal. La inclusión de pruebas in silico a la evaluación in vitro es una herramienta útil para la búsqueda y el diseño racional de derivados terpénicos como posibles agentes antifúngicos.

Introduction. Fungal genera Alternaría and Fusarium include human and plant pathogenic species. Several antifungals have been used for their control, hut excessive use has contributed to resistance development in pathogens. An alternative to searching for and developing new antifungal agents is using essential oils and their main components, which have biological activities of interest in medicine and food production. Objective. To evaluate in vitro and in silico the antifungal activities of terpenoids against Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporum. Materials and methods. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration values of 27 constituents of essential oils used against Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporum were evaluated in vitro. In addition, using genetic algorithms, quantitative models of the structure-activity relationship were used to identify the structural and physicochemical properties related to antifungal activity. Results. The evaluated compounds proved to be effective antifungals. Thymol was the most active with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 91.6 ± 28.8 pg/ml for A. alternata and F. oxysporum. Quantitative structure-activity relationship models revealed the octanol-water cleavage ratio as the molecular property, and the phenols as the main functional group contributing to antifungal activity. Conclusion. Terpenoids exhibit relevant antifungal activities that should be incorporated into the study of medicinal chemistry. Inclusion of in silico assays in the in vitro evaluation is a valuable tool in the search for and rational design of terpene derivatives as new potential antifungal agents.

Influencia de ácidos grasos en parámetros sanguíneos y adipogénesis. Estudio experimental en pollos eclosionados / Influence of fatty acids on blood parameters and formation of adipocytes at early age

Introducción: La alimentación en la primera infancia influencia la instauración del tejido adiposo y el desarrollo de diversas patologías en la edad adulta. Objetivo: Evaluar la influencia del consumo de tres fuentes de ácidos grasos sobre parámetros sanguíneos y tejido adiposo en pollos recién eclosionados. Materiales y métodos: Se utilizaron 76 pollitos Cobb 500 distribuidos aleatoriamente en cuatro tratamientos, que fueron alimentados durante siete días con una de las cuatro dietas (T1: 97% Dieta basal (DB); T2: DB +3% de manteca vegetal parcialmente hidrogenada; T3: DB +3% de aceite de quinua y T4: DB +3% de aceite de pescado). Al finalizar, se evaluó en sangre glucosa, colesterol, triglicéridos y tamaño de adipocitos del tejido adiposo subcutáneo y visceral. Se aplicó ANOVA considerando 0,05 de significancia y en el caso de variables no distribuidas normalmente, se aplicó el test no paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis mediante el programa R-Studio. Resultados: Se obtuvieron diferencias significativas con disminución de los niveles de glucosa y colesterol en animales suplementados con elevada proporción de aceites insaturados (T3 y T4) en comparación a T2. Los tratamientos T3 y T4 promovieron una formación hiperplásica de adipocitos, diferenciándose significativamente de T2, que promovió la hipertrofia en dichas células, esta respuesta fue similar en ambos depósitos subcutáneos. Conclusiones: El consumo de aceite de quinua y aceite de pescado promueve la formación de tejido adiposo saludable, y reducen los niveles de glucosa y colesterol. Contrariamente el consumo de manteca vegetal propicia la hipertrofia de adipocitos de gran tamaño e incrementa los parámetros bioquímicos evaluados(AU)

Introduction: Feeding in early childhood influences the establishment of adipose tissue, and therefore also in the development of various pathologies in adulthood. Objective: To evaluate the influence of the consumption of three sources of fatty acids on blood parameters and adipose tissue at an early age. Materials and methods: 76 Cobb 500 chicks randomly distributed in four treatments were used, who were fed for seven days with one of the four diets (T1: Basal diet; T2: DB +1.0% vegetable shortening partially hydrogenated; T3: DB +1.0% quinoa oil and DB +1.0% fish oil) until the seventh day of life. At the end, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and adipocyte size of the subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue were evaluated. A completely randomized design with ANOVA considering 0.05 significance was applied and in the case of non-normally distributed variables, the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test was applied using the R-Studio program. Results: Significant differences were obtained with a decrease in glucose and cholesterol levels in animals supplemented with unsaturated oils (T3 and T4) compared to T2. Regarding the size of adipocytes, treatments T3 and T4 promoted a hyperplastic formation of adipocytes, differing significantly from T2, which promoted hypertrophy in these cells, this response was similar in both subcutaneous deposits. Conclusions: The consumption of quinoa oil and fish oil promote the formation of healthy adipose tissue, in addition to reducing glucose and cholesterol levels. In contrast, the consumption of vegetable shortening favors the hypertrophy of large adipocytes and increases the biochemical parameters evaluated(AU)

Seasonal variance in the chemical composition of essential oils from Lantana camaraaccessions and their trypanocidal activity on Phytomonas serpens / Variación estacional en la composición química de los aceites esenciales de las accesiones de Lantana camaray su actividad tripanocida en Phytomonas serpens

The objective of this study was to investigate the seasonal variance of the content and chemical composition of the essential oil from Lantana camara accessions at two harvest times, and to analyze the trypanocidal activity on Phytomonas serpens. Essential oil content ranged from 0.13 to 0.29% in the rainy season and from 0.13 to 0.33% in the dry season. The compounds E-caryophyllene, α-humulene, α-curcumene and germacrene D defined the formation of four chemical clusters in the rainy and dry seasons, classified as: Cluster 1 (E-caryophyllene + germacrene D); Cluster 2 (germacrene D + E-caryophyllene); Cluster 3 (α-humulene + E-caryophyllene); and Cluster 4 (α-curcumene + E-caryophyllene). All L. camara essential oils, representing the four chemical clusters, inhibited P. serpenswith low concentrations, considering the following IC50 values: 18.34±6.60 µg/mL (LAC-018, Cluster 1); 9.14±3.87 µg/mL (LAC-027, Cluster 2); 14.56±3.40 µg/mL (LAC-037, Cluster 3); and 14.97±2.68 µg/mL (LAC-019, Cluster 4).

El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la variación estacional del contenido y la composición química del aceite esencial de accesiones de Lantana camara en dos tiempos de cosecha y analizar la actividad tripanocida en Phytomonas serpens. El contenido de aceite esencial osciló entre 0,13% y 0,29% en la temporada de lluvias y entre 0,13% y 0,33% en la temporada seca. Los compuestos E-cariofileno, α-humuleno, α-curcumeno y germacreno D definieron la formación de cuatro grupos químicos en las estaciones lluviosa y seca, clasificados como: Grupo 1 (E-cariofileno + germacreno D); Grupo 2 (germacreno D + E-cariofileno); Grupo 3 (α-humuleno + E-cariofileno); y Grupo 4 (α-curcumeno + E-cariofileno). Todos los aceites esenciales de L. camara, que representan los cuatro grupos químicos, inhibieron P. serpens con bajas concentraciones, considerando los siguientes valores de CI50:18,34 ± 6,60 µg / mL (LAC-018, grupo 1); 9,14 ± 3,87 µg / ml (LAC-027, grupo 2); 14,56 ± 3,40 µg / ml (LAC-037, grupo 3); y 14,97 ± 2,68 µg / ml (LAC-019, grupo 4).