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1.
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1344680

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the fatty acid composition and qualitative characteristics of meat from lambs feed in feedlot with increasing levels of canola grain. Meat obtained from 27 lambs fed 0, 8 and 16% inclusion of canola grain were analyzed. There was a reduction in the content of saturated fatty acids (SFA): lauric, heptadecanoic, and stearic; and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA): palmitoleic, oleic, and eicosatrienoic, with the increasing levels of canola grain. There was a linear reduction for the ω3 acid and the ω3: ω6 ratio, while the ω6: ω3 ratio increased. But the values observed for this ratio (ω6: ω3) were lower than 4, which is considered a satisfactory value. There was a slight increase (~2%) for the thrombogenicity index and atherogenicity index with the inclusion of canola grain. There was a reduction in the hypocholesterolemic: hypercholesterolemic ratio, with mean values of 2.09 for the diet with 0% inclusion, and 2.06 for 8 and 16% inclusion of canola. Although the inclusion of canola grain for lambs decreased the content of some UFA, reflecting alterations in the correlated nutritional properties, there is a reduction of SFA. The results for instrumental analysis, proximate composition, and sensory acceptance of the lamb meat were similar among the treatments.(AU)


Objetivou-se avaliar a composição dos ácidos graxos e as características qualitativas da carne de cordeiros terminados com níveis crescentes de canola grão na dieta. Foram estudadas amostras de carne provenientes de 27 cordeiros, confinados por 45 dias e alimentados com 00, 08 e 16% de inclusão de canola grão. Houve efeito para os ácidos graxos saturados (AGS): laurico, heptadecanoico e esteárico; ácidos graxos monoinsaturados (AGMI): palmitoleico e oleico; e ácidos graxos polinsaturados (AGPI): eicosatrienoico. Estes ácidos reduziram à medida que os níveis da canola grão aumentaram. Para os AGMI, houve efeito com maior concentração no músculo dos cordeiros alimentados sem a canola grão (49,80%). Houve uma redução linear para o ácido ω3 e para a relação ω3:ω6, enquanto que a relação ω6:ω3 aumentou. A canola grão influenciou o índice de aterogenicidade, com média de 0,57 para o tratamento com 0% de inclusão e 0,58 para os tratamentos com 8% e 16% de inclusão. Observou-se aumento linear para o índice de trombogenicidade com a inclusão da canola grão, cujas médias foram, respectivamente, 0,16, 0,17 e 0,18 para os tratamentos 0%, 8% e 16% de inclusão. Houve redução para a relação hipocolesterolêmicos-hipercolesterolêmicos, com médias de 2,09 para a dieta com 0% de inclusão, e 2,06 para 8% e 16% de inclusão da canola em grão na dieta. A canola grão não influenciou a análise instrumental, composição centesimal e atributos sensoriais da carne.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Sheep , Fatty Acids/analysis , Lipids , Meat/analysis , Brassica napus
2.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; Rev. argent. microbiol;52(4): 121-130, dic. 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1340927

ABSTRACT

Abstract Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungal species that mainly belong to Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium and Alternaria, which can grow in a variety of crops including cereals, oilseeds and fruits. Consequently, their prevalence in foods and by-products not only affects human and animal health but also causes important losses in both domestic and international markets. This review provides data about toxigenic fungal species and mycotoxin occurrence in different crops commonly grown in Argentina. This information will be relevant to establish adequate management strategies to reduce the impact of mycotoxins on human food and animal feed chains and to implement future legislation on the maximum permitted levels of these fungal metabolites.


Resumen Las micotoxinas son metabolitos secundarios producidos por diferentes especies fúngicas pertenecientes, principalmente, a los géneros Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium y Alternaria. Dichos microorganismos pueden crecer en una gran variedad de cultivos, entre los que se incluyen cereales, oleaginosas y frutas. La presencia de micotoxinas en alimentos y subproductos no sólo afecta la salud humana y animal, sino que también causa pérdidas importantes en los mercados nacionales e internacionales. Esta revisión proporciona datos sobre la prevalencia de especies fúngicas toxigénicas y de micotoxinas en diferentes cultivos y productos cosechados en Argentina. Dicha información será relevante para establecer estrategias de manejo adecuadas para reducir la entrada de las micotoxinas en las cadenas alimentarias del hombre y de los animales, así como para establecer futuras legislaciones sobre los niveles máximos permitidos de dichos metabolitos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Fusarium , Mycotoxins , Argentina , Food Contamination/analysis , Fungi
3.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; Acta sci., Biol. sci;42: e49895, fev. 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1460957

ABSTRACT

Determination of seed-maturation indicators enables the identification of the idealmoment for harvest to achieve the best production and conservation potential. Our objective here was to evaluate some physical and physiological changes of crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst) seeds as possible indicators of seed maturation. Crambe floweringwas monitored in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Plants were tagged, and 13, 22, 26, and 28 days after the initiation of flowering, the seeds were collected and following physical attributes evaluated: length, diameter, total mass, dry matter and water content. Physiological quality of the seeds was assessed using the germination test, by registering the percentage of normal seedlings and dormant seeds, immediately after each harvest, and again after six months of storage. The water-absorption curveswere characterized as a function the seed-development stages. All physical attributes were observed to increase because of the accumulation of reserve substances during seed development, except for water content, which gradually decreased from 72.2% at the start of development to 29.5% at maturity. At 28 days after anthesis the germination percentage of crambe seeds at physiological maturity was only 17%, indicating that they became dormant while maturing. However, seed germination rate was 89% after six months of storage, indicating that dormancy was almost fully overcome after this period.


Subject(s)
Brassicaceae/physiology , Crambe Plant/anatomy & histology , Crambe Plant/physiology , Seeds/anatomy & histology , Seeds/physiology
4.
Eng. sanit. ambient ; Eng. sanit. ambient;23(2): 355-362, mar.-abr. 2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-891647

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Preocupações ambientais e econômicas resultantes da demanda por combustíveis fósseis corroboram a necessidade de alternativas para redução dos impactos ambientais e econômicos advindos da crescente utilização de veículos e máquinas movidas a diesel. A diversificação das matérias-primas para produção do biodiesel pode possibilitar a melhoria da qualidade do combustível e das emissões resultantes de sua utilização nos motores. Neste estudo, foi avaliada a emissão de material particulado (MP) utilizando biodiesel de soja e de mamona em misturas diesel/biodiesel, bem como sua viscosidade e estabilidade à oxidação (pré-requisitos de qualidade). Para isso, testaram-se diferentes proporções de biodiesel de soja e de mamona (SyMx), em que y e x representam os percentuais de biodiesel de soja e de mamona, respectivamente: S100M0, S75M25, S50M50, S25M75 e S0M100, em mistura ao diesel (BX), nos seguintes percentuais: 7 (diesel B7), 25 (B25), 40 (B40), 50 (B50), 75 (B75) e 100% (B100). A opacidade da fumaça, a viscosidade e a estabilidade à oxidação foram determinadas conforme as normas NBR 13037, NBR 10441 e EN 14112, respectivamente. Entre as misturas analisadas, o diesel comercial (B7) emitiu maior quantidade de MP, ao passo que as demais misturas, que atenderam aos pré-requisitos de qualidade (B25 e B40), emitiram menos MP, conforme aumento do percentual de biodiesel de mamona nas misturas SyMx, bem como com o aumento de biodiesel na mistura BX. Também foram obtidos ganhos relativos à qualidade em função das diferentes composições SyMx.


ABSTRACT Environmental and economic concerns resulting from demand for fossil fuels corroborate the need for alternatives to reduce environmental and economic impacts arising from the increasing use of diesel-powered vehicles and machines. The diversification of raw materials used to produce biodiesel can allow the improvement of fuel quality and of emissions resulting from their use in engines. This study evaluated the emission of particulate matter (PM) using biodiesel from soybean and castor bean in diesel/biodiesel mixtures, as well as its viscosity and oxidation stability (prerequisites for quality). For this purpose, biodiesel with different proportions of soybean and castor bean (SyMx) were evaluated, where y and x represent soybean and castor bean biodiesel percentages, respectively: S100M0, S75M25, S50M50, S25M75 and S0M100, mixed with diesel (BX), in the following percentages: 7 (diesel B7), 25 (B25), 40 (B40), 50 (B50), 75 (B75) and 100% (B100). The smoke opacity, viscosity and oxidation stability were determined according to NBR 13037, NBR 10441 and EN 14112, respectively. Among the analyzed mixtures, the commercial diesel (B7) emitted higher amounts of PM, whereas other mixtures, which met the prerequisites for quality (B25 and B40), emitted smaller amounts of PM as increased castor bean biodiesel percentage in mixtures SyMx, as well as with the increase of biodiesel in the mixtures BX. They were also achieved gains in quality as a function of the different compositions SyMx.

5.
Rev. Salusvita (Online) ; 35(3): 305-320, 2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-832839

ABSTRACT

Introdução: a inulina (IN) é uma fibra alimentar que vem sendo empregada como forma de melhorar o perfil nutricional de diversas preparações. Objetivo: elaborar paçocas de amendoim com adição de IN em substituição ao açúcar (AÇ) e avaliar sua aceitabilidade sensorial entre crianças. Também, analisar a composição físico-química da formulação padrão e daquela com maior teor de IN e aceitação semelhante à padrão. Métodos: foram elaboradas 5 formulações de paçoca de amendoim: F1 - padrão (0% IN + 13% AÇ), F2 (3,25% IN + 9,75% AÇ), F3 (6,50% IN + 6,50% AÇ), F4 (9,75% IN + 3,25% AÇ) e F5 (13% IN + 0% AÇ). Participaram da pesquisa 60 provadores com idade entre 9 e 10 anos. Foi determinada a composição centesimal de F1 e da formulação com maior teor de IN e aceitação semelhante à padrão. Resultados: não houve diferença estatística (p>0,05) entre as formulações na avaliação sensorial (aparência, aroma, sabor, textura, cor, aceitação global e intenção de compra). A amostra F5 foi aquela com maior adição de IN e aceitação semelhante à padrão. Não houve diferença estatística entre os conteúdos de cinzas, proteínas e lipídios comparando-se F1 com F5. Apesar disso, F5 obteve valores inferiores (p<0,05) de carboidratos e calorias e superiores de umidade e fibra alimentar. Conclusão: um nível de adição de até 13% de IN e 0% de AÇ em paçoca de amendoim foi bem aceito pelos provadores, obtendo-se uma aceitação sensorial semelhante ao produto padrão e com boas expectativas de comercialização.


Introduction: Inulin (IN) is a dietary fiber that has been used as a way to improve the nutritional profile of various preparations. Objective: To prepare peanut paçocas mixtures with addition of IN to replace sugar (S) and evaluate their sensory acceptability among children. Also, analyze the physico-chemical composition of the standard formulation and that most IN content and standard similar to acceptance. Methods: Five peanut paçoca formulations were prepared: F1 - standard (0% IN + 13% S), F2 (3.25% IN + 9.75% S), F3 (6.50% IN + 6.50% S), F4 (9.75% IN + 3.25% S) and F5 (13% IN + 0% S). The participants were 60 tasters aged 9 and 10 years. It was determined the centesimal composition of F1 and the formulation more IN content and standard similar to acceptance. Results: There was no statistical difference (p>0.05) between the formulations in sensory evaluation (appearance, aroma, taste, texture, color, global acceptance and purchase intent). The sample F5 was one more addition of IN and similar to the standard acceptance. There was no statistical difference between the of ash, proteins and lipids contents comparing F1 to F5. Nevertheless, F5 obtained lower values (p<0.05) of carbohydrates and calories and higher humidity and dietary fiber. Conclusion: An addition level up to 13% of IN and 0% S in peanut paçoca was well accepted by the tasters, giving a sensory acceptance similar to standard product with good market expectation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Sugars , Foods Containing Peanuts , Inulin/analysis , Inulin/adverse effects , Students , Chemical Phenomena , Modalities, Sensorial , Public Sector , Functional Food
6.
Arq. Inst. Biol ; 82: 1-9, 2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1026069

ABSTRACT

As culturas oleaginosas vêm ganhando destaque devido ao seu potencial para a produção de biodiesel, como uma alternativa ao diesel. Portanto, neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a entomofauna, por meio de análises faunísticas, associada às seguintes culturas: nabo forrageiro, niger, crambe e girassol, no município de Dourados, estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, tendo em vista que esses cultivares possuem potencial para a produção de biodiesel. Os insetos foram coletados com o método de pano de coleta. As avaliações ocorreram em área experimental agrícola (latitude de 22º 14'S, longitude de 54º 49'W). Foi observado um total de 7.406 espécimes nas quatro culturas, correspondendo a 3.569 espécimes no nabo forrageiro, o qual apresentou uma riqueza de insetos com 18 espécies; 2.275 espécimes no niger, com uma riqueza de 17 espécies; 908 espécimes no crambe com uma riqueza de 18 espécies; e 654 espécimes no girassol com uma riqueza de 18 espécies. Com relação ao estudo da diversidade de espécies medida nas quatro culturas analisadas, o índice de Shannon-Wiener (H') indicou baixa diversidade apenas na cultura do nabo forrageiro, uma vez que o maior valor ocorreu na cultura do girassol (22,935), seguida por crambe (17,487), niger (15,364) e nabo forrageiro (0,5716). A cultura que apresentou o maior índice de equitabilidade foi a do girassol (0,7935), seguida por crambe (0,6047), niger (0,5423) e nabo forrageiro (0,1978), indicando uma semelhança de composição faunística entre girassol, crambe e niger.(AU)


The oilseed crops are gaining prominence due to their potential for the production of biodiesel as an alternative to diesel. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the insect fauna through faunal analysis, associated with the following crops: turnip, niger, crambe and sunflower in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul State, considering that these cultivars have for the production potential of biodiesel. The insects were collected with sample cloth method. Assessments occurred at the experimental farm (latitude 22° 14'S, longitude 54° 49'W). It was observed a total of 7,406 specimens, representing 3,569 specimens in forage radish in which they are included, 18 species, 2,275 in niger with a wealth of 17 species, 908 in crambe with wealth of 18 species and 654 in sunflower with wealth 18 species. Regarding the study of species diversity measured in four crops analyzed, the Shannon-Wiener diversity indicated low only in the culture of radish, since the highest value occurred in sunflower cultivation (22,935), followed by crambe (17,487), niger (15,364) and turnip (0.5716). The culture that had the highest evenness index was the sunflower (0.7935), followed by crambe (0.6047), niger (0.5423) and turnip (0.1978), indicating a similarity of faunal composition between sunflower, crambe and niger.(AU)


Subject(s)
Plant Oils , Pest Control , Biodiversity , Fats , Insecta
7.
Ciênc. rural ; Ciênc. rural (Online);44(5): 810-816, maio 2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-707050

ABSTRACT

O uso de fontes alternativas para a fertilização na agricultura vem sendo cada vez mais explorada pelo homem, devido à escassez das fontes finitas dos minerais utilizados atualmente. Produtos como a torta de mamona e silicatos de serpentinito podem ser fontes viáveis para o uso na agricultura. Com isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os teores e conteúdos de N, P, K, Ca e Mg na cultura do crambe, assim como a sua produção em função da adubação com torta de mamona PDS e silicato de serpentinito. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com sete doses de torta de mamona PDS e duas doses de silicato de serpentinito (com e sem enxofre elementar), totalizando 21 tratamentos. Utilizaram-se as doses de 0,0; 0,5; 1; 2; 4; 6 e 8t ha-1 de torta de mamona PDS (equivalente à aplicação de 0, 15, 30, 60, 120 e 240kg ha-1 de N) e as doses de silicato de serpentinito em 0 e 1t ha-1, com e sem enxofre. A aplicação de silicato de serpentinito sem enxofre aumentou os teores e conteúdos de nutrientes de N, P, K, Ca e Mg do crambe e a produção de sementes. O uso de torta de mamona PDS como fertilizante orgânico favoreceu o crescimento e desenvolvimento do crambe. A dose de 8t ha-1 de torta de mamona PDS foi a mais indicada para a fertilização da cultura do crambe.


The use of alternative sources for fertilization in agriculture is being increasingly exploited by man because of the shortage of the finite sources of minerals used today. Products such as cake castor bean and serpentinite silicate, may be viable sources for use in agriculture. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the contents and accumulation of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in the culture of crambe, as well as their production in line with fertilization cake castor bean PDS and silicate serpentinite. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with seven doses of cake castor bean PDS and two doses of serpentinite silicate (with and without elemental sulfur), totaling 21 treatments. We used doses of 0.0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8t ha-1 of cake castor bean PDS (equivalent to the application of 0, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240kg ha-1 of N) and the doses of serpentinite silicate 0 and 1t ha-1 for with and without sulfur. The application of serpentinite silicate without sulfur increased the content and nutrient content of N, P, K, Ca and Mg and crambe seed production. The use of cake castor bean PDS as organic fertilizer increased the growth and development of crambe. A dose of 8t ha-1 of castor bean PDS was the most suitable for the fertilization of the crop crambe.

8.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 28(6): 971-977, nov./dec. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-914342

ABSTRACT

Atualmente as castanhas têm recebido atenção especial, pois são fontes naturais de vitaminas, minerais, proteínas e ácidos graxos essenciais, podendo assim contribuir para a dieta humana e de animais. Pesquisas recentes confirmam que esses alimentos são fontes ainda de compostos bioativos, os quais podem trazer benefícios significativos à saúde humana. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a composição química de castanhas da espécie sapucaia (Lecythis pisonis Cambess.) localizadas na zona da mata mineira. Foram analisadas a composição centesimal (lipídios, proteínas, carboidratos, cinzas e umidade), teor de minerais por espectrometria de plasma e perfil lipídico por cromatografia gasosa. A composição centesimal revelou 54,8% de lipídios; 26,82% de proteínas; 5,01% de carboidratos; 3,17% de cinzas e 10,2% de umidade. Quanto ao perfil lipídico, 43,1% eram ácidos graxos polinsaturados, 41,7% ácidos graxos monoinsaturados e 15,2% ácidos graxos saturados. Os minerais fósforo, magnésio e manganês se destacaram pelos elevados teores, 941; 343 e 4,8 mg.100-1, respectivamente. A castanha de sapucaia é uma potencial fonte energéticoprotéica e de minerais importantes para a saúde, mas deve ter sua toxicidade avaliada.


Currently the nuts have received special attention of researchers because they are natural sources of vitamins, minerals, protein and essential fatty acids, could also contribute to the diet of humans and animals. Recent research confirms that these foods are also sources of bioactive compounds, which can bring significant benefits to human health through regular consumption. This study evaluated the chemical composition of sapucaia nut (Lecythis pisonis Cambess.) of the state of Minas Gerais. We analyzed the chemical composition (lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, ash and moisture), and the mineral content by mass spectrometry, and the lipid profile by gas chromatography. The chemical composition showed 54,8% lipids; 26,82% protein; 5,01% carbohydrates; 3,17% ash and 10,2% moisture. The lipid, 43,1% were polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids 41,7% and 15,2% saturated fatty acids. The minerals phosphorus, magnesium and manganese are highlighted by high levels, 941; 343 and 4,8 mg.100-1, respectively. Sapucaia nut is a potential protein-energy and minerals source, but its toxicity must be evaluated.


Subject(s)
Chemical Phenomena , Lecythidaceae
9.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-686247

ABSTRACT

Many unusual fatty acids present in the seed oils of non-food plants are modified at the ?12 position either by the addition of epoxy or hydroxy groups or by the formation of triple (acetylenic) bonds or conjugated double bonds. The introduction of these functionalities into C18 fatty acids is catalyzed by a family of divergent forms of the fatty-acid ?12-desaturase (FAD2) enzyme. Genes encoding these enzymes have now been cloned from a variety of organisms and expressed in transgenic oilseeds. However,the accumulation of the intended fatty acids in transgenic plants has been relatively disappointing,and the mechanisms of these unusual fatty acids biosynthesis and transferring from phosphatidylcholine into storage triacylglycerols still need to be elucidated.

10.
J Biosci ; 1988 Jun; 13(2): 171-180
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-160657

ABSTRACT

Data on the physico-chemical properties of proteins from soybean, groundnut, sesame seed, sunflower seed, safflower seed, mustard seed, rapeseed and cotton seed are fairly extensive. An examination of the available data on high molecular weight proteins suggests that there are similarities in many of their properties. In this report the similarity in amino acid composition, size and shape, molecular weight, secondary structure, subunit composition, association-dissociation at high and low pH, stability towards denaturants, hydrolysis by enzymes and quaternary structure of the high molecular weight proteins is discussed. Based on these similarities a model has been proposed for the associationdissociation, denaturation and reassociation behaviour of the high molecular weight proteins of oilseeds.

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