An Attempt to Decode Female Sexuality in the Heritage of Kamashastra Through Ayurveda - A Mystery

Ayurveda being a most ancient system of medicine has given a proper deserving position to women that is Stree, defining her as Apathyanam Moolam (the root cause of progeny). In Synch with this Kamashastra has portrayed women with esteem. Thus, stating the importance of female’s reproductive role in procreating and sustenance of human rays. Female sexual identity and conduct, as well as the physiological, psychological, social, cultural, political, and spiritual or religious components of sexual activity, all fall under the umbrella of human female sexuality, which covers a wide range of behavior activities. This sexuality is encountered and revealed through thoughts, desire, belief, fantasy, and relationship. The pursuit of sexual pleasure is a key motivating factor in sexual activity. Classical texts of Kamashastra have captured this sexual pleasure and portrayed them with impeccable accuracy in both genders providing an ample sexual motivation for sexual activity. This sexual activity is considered to attain fruition when the partner reaches the epitome of orgasm, among these partners we have given more importance to the female as she is a being of multiple sexual orgasms. Hence the main aim of this article is to understand and analyze the female sexual orgasm, and different approaches to attain it. Thus, an attempt is made to decode the mystery of female sexuality in the heritage of Kamasutra through Ayurveda.

Efficacy of Hormonal and Nonhormonal Approaches to Vaginal Atrophy and Sexual Dysfunctions in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review / Eficácia das abordagens hormonais e não hormonais para atrofia vaginal e disfunções sexuais em mulheres na pós-menopausa: Uma revisão sistemática

Abstract Objective To evaluate the efficacy of the hormonal and nonhormonal approaches to symptoms of sexual dysfunction and vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women. Data Sources We conducted a search on the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases, as well as on clinical trial databases. We analyzed studies published between 1996 and May 30, 2020. No language restrictions were applied. Selection of Studies We selected randomized clinical trials that evaluated the treatment of sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women. Data Collection Three authors (ACAS, APFC, and JL) reviewed each article based on its title and abstract. Relevant data were subsequently taken from the full-text article. Any discrepancies during the review were resolved by consensus between all the listed authors. Data Synthesis A total of 55 studies were included in the systematic review. The approaches tested to treat sexual dysfunction were as follows: lubricants and moisturizers (18 studies); phytoestrogens (14 studies); dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA; 8 studies); ospemifene (5 studies); vaginal testosterone (4 studies); pelvic floor muscle exercises (2 studies); oxytocin (2 studies); vaginal CO2 laser (2 studies); lidocaine (1 study); and vitamin E vaginal suppository (1 study). Conclusion We identified literature that lacks coherence in terms of the proposed treatments and selected outcome measures. Despite the great diversity in treatment modalities and outcome measures, the present systematic review can shed light on potential targets for the treatment, which is deemed necessary for sexual dysfunction, assuming that most randomized trials were evaluated with a low risk of bias according to the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. The present review is registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; CRD42018100488).

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a eficácia das abordagens hormonais e não hormonais para os sintomas de disfunção sexual e atrofia vaginal em mulheres na pós-menopausa. Fontes de Dados Pesquisamos as bases de dados PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), e Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), assim como bancos de dados de ensaios clínicos. Foram analisados estudos publicados entre 1996 e 30 de maio de 2020. Nenhuma restrição de idioma foi aplicada. Seleção dos Estudos Foram selecionados ensaios clínicos randomizados que avaliavam o tratamento das disfunções sexuais em mulheres na pós-menopausa. Coleta de Dados Três autores (ACAS, APFC e JL), revisaram cada artigo com base em seu título e resumo. Os dados relevantes foram posteriormente retirados do texto completo do artigo. Quaisquer discrepâncias durante a revisão foram resolvidas por consenso entre todos os autores listados. Síntese dos Dados Ao todo, 55 estudos foram incluídos na revisão sistemática. As abordagens testadas para tratar a disfunção sexual foram: lubrificantes e hidratantes (18 estudos); fitoestrogênios (14 estudos); deidroepiandrosterona (DHEA; 8 estudos); ospemifeno (5 estudos); testosterona vaginal (4 estudos); exercícios para os músculos do assoalho pélvico (2 estudos); oxitocina (2 estudos);laser de CO2 vaginal (2 estudos); lidocaína (1 estudo), e vitamina E vaginal (1 estudo). Conclusão Identificou-se falta de coerência na literatura quanto aos tratamentos propostos e medidas de resultados selecionadas. Apesar da grande diversidade de modalidades de tratamento e medidas de resultados, esta revisão sistemática pode lançar luz sobre alvos potenciais para o tratamento, que é considerado necessário para a disfunção sexual, assumindo que a maioria dos estudos randomizados foi avaliada com baixo risco de viés de acordo com a ferramenta de avaliação de risco de viés de Cochrane Collaboration. Esta revisão tem cadastro no International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; CRD42018100488).

Terapia de reemplazo hormonal combinada con testosterona para el tratamiento del trastorno del deseo sexual hipoactivo en mujeres en climaterio* / Hormone replacement therapy combined with testosterone for the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in climacteric women

Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de dos terapias hormonales sustitutivas, combinadas con testosterona, en el tratamiento del trastorno del deseo sexual hipoactivo en mujeres en climaterio. Materiales y métodos: ensayo clínico, aleatorizado, controlado, no enmascarado. Se incluyeron mujeres mayores o igual a 40 años y menores de 60 años, con útero, con actividad sexual en las últimas seis semanas, aquejadas por síntomas vasomotores, cuyo motivo de co sulta consistió en bajo deseo sexual. Se utilizó como instrumento el cuestionario Índice de Función Sexual Femenina (IFSF). Se asignaron dos grupos aleatorizados: grupo «A¼ (51 recibieron estrógenos conjugados de equinos y edroxiprogesterona más testosterona) y grupo «B¼ (54 tibolona más testosterona). El estudio fue realizado entre julio de 2015 y diciembre de 2016, en Armenia, Quindío, Colombia. Resultados: se analizó una población de 105 mujeres. La media de edad fue de 55,8 (DS±9,38) años. En la población total, al inicio del estudio, la mediana fue de 3 encuentros sexuales por mes. Al final la mediana fue de 5 encuentros sexuales por mes, (grupo «A¼ 4 encuentros y grupo «B¼ 7 encuentros, p=0,0036). Al finalizar la investigación se observó que las mujeres del grupo «B¼, mostraron puntuaciones promedias significativamente más altas en el IFSF (28,56 DS±4,63 puntos), al compararlas con las mujeres del grupo «A¼ (27,57 DS±4,32) (p<0,0001). Conclusiones: la terapia con tibolona asociada a testosterona es una opción de tratamiento efectiva en el trastorno del deseo sexual hipoactivo en mujeres en climaterio..(AU)

Objective: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of two hormone replacement therapies, combined with testosterone, in the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in women in climacteric. Materials and methods: clinical trial, randomized, controlled, not masked. Women over 40 years old and under 60 years old, with a uterus, with sexual activity in the last six weeks, suffering from vasomotor symptoms, whose reason for consultation consisted of low sexual desire were included. The Female Sexual Function Index questionnaire was used as an instrument. Two randomized groups were assigned: group "A" (51 received conjugated estrogens from equines and medroxyprogesterone plus testosterone) and group "B" (54 tibolone plus testosterone). The study was conducted between July 2015 and December 2016, in Armenia, Quindío, Colombia. Results: a population of 105 women was analyzed. The average age was 55,8 (SD ± 9,38) years. In the total population, at the beginning of the study, the median was 3 sexual encounters per month. In the end, the median was 5 sexual encounters per month, (group «A¼ 4 meetings and group «B¼ 7 meetings, p = 0,0036). At the end of the investigation, it was observed that the women of the «B¼ group showed significantly higher average scores in the IFSF (28,56 SD ± 4,63 points), compared with values in the women of the «A¼ group (27,57 DS ± 4,32) (p<0,0001). Conclusions: testosterone-associated tibolone therapy is an effective treatment option in hypoactive sexual desire disorder in women in climacteric..(AU)

Impact of microablative fractional radiofrequency on the vaginal health, microbiota, and cellularity of postmenopausal women

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of microablative fractional radiofrequency (MAFRF) in the non-hormonal treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause. METHODS: We examined the cases of 55 postmenopausal women before and after treatment with regard to their vaginal health index (VHI), vaginal microbiota, vaginal pH, and cell maturation. Three applications of MAFRF were performed in the vagina/vaginal introitus. During the treatment, six vaginal smears were obtained and stained with the Papanicolaou stain for determining the degree of cell maturation and with Gram stain for classification of vaginal flora, as per the criteria of Spiegel and Amsel. For vaginal pH determination, pH indicator strips were applied against the vaginal wall. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS for Windows (version 17.0). Data were reported as mean±standard deviation. The differences were analyzed using the statistical method of generalized estimation equations with autoregressive correlation structure "1" and robust standard errors. RESULTS: The mean age was 59.8±4.2 years, and the mean time of menopause was 15.4±4.5 years. After treatment, there was an increase in the percentage of Lactobacillus spp. (p<0.001). Consequently, there was a progressive decrease in vaginal pH during the treatment (p<0.001). Regarding cell maturation, there was a decrease in the percentage of parabasal cells (p=0.001) and an increase in the rate of superficial cells (p<0.001). Additionally, there was an improvement in the VHI index. The mean VHI values before and after treatment were 13.2±5.6 and 22.5±3.7, respectively (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: MAFRF treatment is well tolerated and leads to improvement in the vaginal microenvironment.

Sexual Satisfaction and Related Factors among Iranian Married Women, 2017

@#Introduction: Sexual satisfaction is one of the important factors in marital satisfaction that affects couples' health and quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine sexual satisfaction and its related factors among married women in Shahroud, northeast of Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 and 500 married women were evaluated using Larson Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using chi-square, one-way ANOVA and a multiple regression model. Results: The mean age of the participants was 32.8 (SD= 8.7) years, and the length of the marriage was 11.05 (SD= 9.1). Among the participants, 4.4% (N=22) had low sexual satisfaction; 37.8% (N=189) had moderate satisfaction. The bivariate analysis showed significant relationships between sexual satisfaction and variables including age, husband's age, length of marriage, number of children, education, husband's education and income (p<0.001). The regression analysis also indicated significant relationships between sexual satisfaction and education (P=0.006), length of the marriage (P<0.001) and income (P=0.005). Conclusion: Socio-economic variables such as education and income are among the main factors related to sexual satisfaction. However, counseling couples on sexual issues after marriage can help improve their sexual satisfaction.

Orgasm-associated urinary incontinence (climacturia) following radical prostatectomy: a review of pathophysiology and current treatment options / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Orgasm-associated urinary incontinence, or climacturia, is a common side effect after radical prostatectomy (RP) that is gaining more attention due to the distress it causes to patients. A range of treatment options have been reported in the literature and are outlined in this review. The goal of our study is to review the pathophysiology and current management options for climacturia following RP. A PubMed search was used to review the current literature relating to the pathophysiology and the treatment of postprostatectomy climacturia. We reviewed the currently available treatment options and their success rates for climacturia. Several techniques were found to subjectively help improve the amount and bother of patients' climacturia. These include pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT), penile variable tension loop, soft silicone occlusion loop, artificial urethral sphincter, male urethral sling, and the Mini-Jupette graft. Success rates ranged from 48% to 100% depending on the modality used. For patients with erectile dysfunction and climacturia, the Mini-Jupette graft could be a valuable option. Given the lack of validated measurement tools and management options, climacturia has become a challenge for urologists. Albeit a condition that has not garnered much attention, there are several management options from conservative to invasive treatments that have shown a hopeful promise for the treatment of climacturia. These options should be discussed with patients to determine the best treatment for each individual. More clinical trials are needed to assess the efficacy and impact of the different treatment options before a definitive recommendation regarding management can be made.

Dispositivo EROS en el manejo de la anorgasmia femenina: Estudio prospectivo de serie de casos en mujeres del Quindío / EROS device in the management of female anorgasmia: Prospective study of the series of cases in women in Quindío

Resumen Introducción: La anorgasmia es el retraso persistente, o recurrente o ausencia de orgasmo después de una fase de excitación sexual normal, resultando en dificultades personales o interpersonales. El tratamiento se aborda desde diferentes perspectivas. Objetivo: Presentar los resultados de la efectividad y seguridad del uso del dispositivo EROS-CTD en el manejo de la anorgasmia femenina, en un grupo de mujeres del Quindío. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de reporte de casos, de tipo observacional, descriptivo, prospectivo, de mujeres intervenidas por trastorno del orgasmo, en Armenia, Quindío, Colombia, en el periodo de 2012 a 2017. Resultados: Se intervino 39 mujeres; edad media de 35,1 (DS ± 3,7) años. La anorgasmia primaria fue del 61,53% y la secundaria del 38,36%. El promedio de seguimiento del uso del dispositivo EROS-CTD, fue de 23,7 (DS ± 4,5) meses por paciente. Al finalizar el estudio, la satisfacción global con el uso del dispositivo es del 89,74%, ninguna de las mujeres presentó complicaciones relacionadas con el uso del aparato. Conclusiones: La efectividad del tratamiento de la anorgasmia femenina con el dispositivo EROS-CTD, ha beneficiado favorablemente a las mujeres del estudio.

Abstract Introduction: Anorgasmia is the persistent, or recurrent, or absence of orgasm after a normal phase of sexual arousal, resulting in personal or interpersonal difficulties. Treatment is approached from different perspectives. Objective: To present the results of the effectiveness and safety of the use of the EROS-CTD in the management of female anorgasmia in a group of women from Quindío. Materials and methods: A descriptive, prospective observational study of case reports was carried out with women intervened by orgasm disorder in Armenia, Quindío, Colombia, from 2012 to 2017. Results: 39 women were intervened whose average age was 35.1 (DS ± 3.7). Primary anorgasmia was 61.53% and the secondary was 38.36%. The average follow-up of the use of EROS-CTD was 23.7 (DS ± 4.5) months per patient. At the end of the study, overall satisfaction with the use of the device is 89.74%, none of the women presented complications related to the use of the appliance. Conclusions: The effectiveness of the treatment of female anorgasmia with EROS-CTD has benefited the women of the study.

Una mirada a la masturbación femenina: estudio descriptivo transversal en mujeres universitarias del área metropolitana de Bucaramanga, Colombia / A look at female masturbation: descriptive cross-sectional study in university women of the metropolitan area of Bucaramanga, Colombia

Resumen Introducción. La masturbación es un tema que encierra múltiples mensajes, tanto culturales negativos como sexológicos positivos. Esta diversidad es una ventana para explorar la sexualidad femenina. Objetivo. Establecer la prevalencia de masturbación en estudiantes universitarias del área metropolitana de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo transversal con cuestionario de autorreporte. Se realizó análisis descriptivo e inferencial con nivel de significancia de p<0.05. Resultados. Se encuestaron 1 039 mujeres (edad mediana: 20, RIC: 4). La prevalencia de masturbación fue del 32.2%; de ellas, solo el 73.1% llegaba al orgasmo por esta estimulación. 1 de cada 3 mujeres que se no se masturba reportó incapacidad para alcanzar el orgasmo. La masturbación fue más frecuente en mujeres >35, de estratos socioeconómicos altos, no religiosas o católicas con poco o nulo nivel de religiosidad, que estudian, trabajan como independiente y se autoidentifican como bisexuales. Conclusiones. 1 de cada 3 mujeres que no refiere masturbarse reporta disfunción orgásmica; de esta forma, las actividades masturbatorias son un factor protector de la disfunción. Es importante realizar educación desde la autoexploración para que la mujer pueda conocerse y disfrutar plenamente de su sexualidad.

Abstract Introduction: Masturbation is a topic that contains multiple messages, both culturally negative and positive for sexology. This diversity becomes a window to explore female sexuality. Objective: To establish the prevalence of female masturbation among university students from the metropolitan area ofBucaramanga, Colombia. Materials and methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study using a self-report questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential analysis was performed finding a significance level of p<0.05. Results: 1 039 women were surveyed (median age: 20, IQR: 4). The prevalence ofmasturbation was 32.2%, of which only 73.1% reached orgasm through this stimulation. 1 in 3 women who do not masturbate reported anorgasmia. Masturbation was more frequent in women >35 years of age, from high socioeconomic status, non-religious or Catholic with little or no religiousness, who study, work independently and self-identify as bisexual. Conclusions: 1 in 3 women who claim that they do not masturbate reported orgasmic dysfunction; therefore, masturbatory activities are a protective factor for the dysfunction. Providing self-exploration education is important so that women can get to know their body and fully enjoy their sexuality.

The effect of urethroplasty surgery on erectile and orgasmic functions: a prospective study

ABSTRACT Objectives: to examine the effects of urethroplasty surgery on sexual functions by taking into account age, location of stenosis, length of stenosis and surgical technique parameters. Materials and Methods: The prospective study was conducted between January 2015 and August 2017 with 60 cases. Patients were categorized according to age groups (19-65 / 65-75 years), surgery technique and stricture localization and length. Before the urethroplasty operation and postoperative 6th month follow-up, the international index of erectile function (IIEF) form (15 questions), was filled, the relevant domains of sexual function; erectile function (Q1,2,3,4,5,15), orgasmic function (Q9,10) and overall satisfaction (Q13,14) were assessed. Results: The mean age of the cases is 54 ± 13. However, preoperative IIEF, sexual satisfaction and orgasmic function averages of patients with a stenosis segment length of 1-3 cm was found to be significantly higher than that of patients with a stenosis segment length of 4-7 cm. Between stenosis segment length groups, there was no statistical difference in terms of preoperative and postoperative sexual functions. And also, there was no statistically significant change in patients' preoperative and postoperative sexual function scores in terms of localization of stricture and surgery techniques. However, there were statistically significant change in the postoperative IIEF and sexual satisfaction averages according to preoperative averages. Conclusion: Our study suggests that urethroplasty surgery itself does not significantly affect erectile function, orgasmic function, and general sexual satisfaction regardless of the type of surgery, localization and length of stenosis. Besides, there was a significant decrease in erectile function in senior adults.

Prevalencia y caracterización de la eyaculación femenina. estudio de corte transversal. en mujeres colombianas del Quindío. 2012 a 2016 / Prevalence and characterization of female ejaculation. cross section study. in colombian women of Quindío. 2012 to 2016

Introducción:La eyaculación femenina es un fenómeno caracterizado por la salida de un líquido, diferente a la orina, a través de la uretra, en el momento del orgasmo.Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia de la eyaculación femenina, en un grupo de trabajadoras sexuales, y evaluar las características físicoquímicasdel fluido uretral expulsado.Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal y prospectivo. Se enrolaron mujeres entre 18 y 39 años, atendidas en la consulta del investigador entre enero del 2012 y junio del 2016, en la consulta externa de una clínica privada de Armenia. Se incluyeron trabajadoras sexuales, sin incontinencia urinaria, sin infecciones de transmisión sexual o vaginosis, y no gestantes ni en puerperio. Se midió la prevalencia de la eyaculación femenina (expulsión de fluido a través de la uretra, durante la excitación y el orgasmo), y se evaluaron las características físicoquímicasde dicha secreción (ácido cítrico, fosfatasa ácida, fructosa, PSA, densidad, osmolaridad, pH, viscosidad y volumen).Resultados: Se evaluaron un total de 78 mujeres. La edad promedio fue de 32,6±8,2 años. La prevalencia de la eyaculación femenina fue del 69,23%. El volumen promedio deleyaculado fue de29,73±7,08 ml(rango entre 0 y 57 ml). En el análisis físico químico del líquido uretral se encontró que el color varió entre nacarado y gris opalescente, con una osmolaridad de 269,3±3,57 mOsm/Kg, pH de 5,4, densidad de 1.032 g/L, la viscosidad fue de 12,75 mm para el filamento y un volumen promedio de 29,73 cc; las sustancias más comunes fueron PSA 0,75 ng/ml con una concentración promedio de fructosa de 12 mmol/L y de ácido cítrico de 729 mg/L.Conclusión: La eyaculación femenina es una realidad en nuestra población, alrededor de dos de cada tres mujeres la presentan.

Introduction:Female ejaculation is a phenomenon characterized by the exit of a liquid, different fromurine, through the urethra, at the moment of orgasm.Objetives:To determine the prevalence of female ejaculation, in a group of sex workers, and to evaluate the physical and chemical characteristics of the ejected urethral fluid.Materials and methods: Descriptive study of cross section and prospective. Women between 18 and 39 years of age were enrolled, assisted in the researcher's consultation between January 2012 and June 2016, in the outpatient clinic of a private clinic in Armenia. Sex workers were included, without urinary incontinence, without sexually transmitted infections or vaginosis, and not pregnant or in puerperium. The prevalence of female ejaculation (expulsion of fluid through the urethra during excitement and orgasm) was measured and thephysical and chemical characteristics of this secretion were evaluated (citric acid, acid phosphatase, fructose, PSA, density, osmolarity, pH, viscosity and volume).Results: A total of 78 women were evaluated. The average age was 32.6 ± 8.2 years. The prevalence of female ejaculation was 69.23%. The average volume of the ejaculate was 29.73 ml. In the physical-chemical analysis of the urethral fluid it was found that the color varied between pearly and opalescent gray, with an osmolarity of 269.3 ± 3.57 mOsm / Kg, pH of 5.4, density of 1.032 g / L, viscosity it was 12.75 mm for the filament and an average volume of 29.73 cc; the most common substances were PSA 0.75 ng / ml with an average fructose concentration of 12 mmol / L and citric acid of 729 mg / L.Conclusión: Female ejaculation is a reality in our population, about two out of three women present it.

Prevalence and characterisation of sexual dysfunctions in women, in 12 colombian cities, 2009-2016 / Prevalencia y caracterización de las disfunciones sexuales en mujeres, en 12 ciudades colombianas, 2009-2016

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence and characterisation of sexual dysfunctions in a population of sexually active women with ages ranging between 18 and 72 years, in 12 Colombian cities. Materials and methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study that included women 18 years of age and older, sexually active within the past six weeks, living in Colombia. Excluded were illiterate and pregnant women, women in the first 6 months postpartum, women with a psychiatric disease or neurological deficit, and women with a history of cancer. The study was conducted in healthcare centres in twelve cities (Bogotá, Medellín, Cali, Barranquilla, Cartagena, Cúcuta, Ibagué, Bucaramanga, Villavicencio, Pereira, Manizales and Armenia) between June 2009 and December 2016. A consecutive sampling method was used. The "Female Sexual Function Index" validated in Spanish was applied. Sociodemographic variables, a history of sexual and reproductive health, sexual behaviour, and frequency of overall sexual dysfunction and by type of dysfunction assessed were measured. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed using absolute and relative measurements. A stratified description was made by age under or over 40 years. Results: Of a total of 72,894 candidates for enrolment, 50,991 (69,95%) were ultimate analysed. Mean age was 30.9±10.8 years. The prevalence of sexual dysfunction in the study group was 32.97% (16,812 women). The score on the FSFI in the affected women was 24.07±6.18 points. Issues were found with libido in 32.97%, orgasm in 21.93%, arousal in 16,86%, lubrication in 14,79%, and pain in 7.56%. Median sexual dysfunction per woman was 2, found in 64.16%. Conclusion: Among Colombian women, a prevalence of sexual dysfunction is found in close to one-third of the population, characterised mainly by issues with libido and orgasm. Interventions are required in order to establish an immediate diagnostic and therapeutic plan.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Establecer la prevalencia y caracterizar la disfunción sexual en una población de mujeres sexualmente activas, con edades entre 18 y 72 años, en doce ciudades colombianas. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal descriptivo. Se incluyeron mujeres mayores de 18 años con actividad sexual en las últimas 6 semanas, y residentes en Colombia. Se excluyeron las mujeres analfabetas, embarazadas o en primeros 6 meses posparto, pacientes psiquiátricas, con deficit neurológico o historial de cáncer. El estudio se llevó a cabo en la consulta externa ginecológica de instituciones hospitalarias privadas en 12 ciudades del país (Bogotá, Medellín, Cali, Barranquilla, Cartagena, Cúcuta, Ibagué, Bucaramanga, Villavicencio, Pereira, Manizales y Armenia) entre junio de 2009 y diciembre de 2016. Se realizó muestreo consecutivo. Se aplicó el Índice de Función Sexual Femenina validado en español. Se midieron variables sociodemográficas, antecedentes de salud sexual y reproductiva, comportamiento sexual, frecuencia de disfunción sexual global y por tipo de disfunción evaluada. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de la información utilizando medidas de frecuencia absoluta y relativa para los datos. Se hace descripción estratificada por edad (40 años o menos y mayor de 40 años). Resultados: De un total de 72.894 mujeres candidatas a ingresar se analizaron finalmente 50.991 (69,95 %). La edad promedio fue de 30,9 ± 10,8 años. La prevalencia de disfunción sexual en el grupo estudiado fue del 32,97 % (16.812 mujeres). La puntuación del Índice de Función Sexual Femenina (IFSF) en las mujeres afectadas fue de 24,07 ± 6,18 puntos. Se presentaron dificultades con el deseo (32,97 %), el orgasmo (21,93 %), la excitación (16,86 %), la lubricación (14,79 %) y dolor (7,56 %). La mediana de disfunciones sexuales por mujer fue de 2, que se hizo presente en el 64,16 %. Conclusión: En las mujeres colombianas existe una prevalencia de disfunciones sexuales cercana a la tercera parte de la población, caracterizadas principalmente por trastornos del deseo y del orgasmo. Se requieren intervenciones para establecer un plan diagnóstico y terapéutico inmediato.

Un réquiem al mítico punto "G" / A requiem to the mythical point "G"

Objetivo: revisar la literatura presente, respecto a la evidencia científica existente, en relación al punto "G". Materiales y métodos:Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en diferentes bases de datos electrónicas para identificar literatura relevante EBSCO, Elsevier, Interscience, Medline, Ovid, Pubmed, SciELO, Scopus (1950 al 2016), Cochrane Group (julio 31 del 2016) y libros de texto impresos, así como de revistas de sexología científica indexadas y sociedades sexológicas reconocidas como: Advances in Sexual Medicine, American Journal of Sexuality Education, British Journal of Sexual Medicine (BJSM), European Journal of Sexual Health, Sexology and The Journal of Sexual Medicine; tratando de encontrar la mejor evidencia científica existente en relación al punto "G".Resultados:Se revisaron 75 títulos, de los cuales 65 cumplían con nuestros criterios de selección, correspondientes a artículos de revisión, diseños de tipo transversal, casos y controles. El termino Punto "G", no es un término usado en la anatomía humana; y no existen imágenes anatómicas ni ecográficas de dicho punto, por lo tanto, el punto "G" no existe; y a pesar de ser ampliamente aceptado entre las mujeres, los estudios anatómicos, bioquímicos e histológicos no han demostrado su existencia. Conclusiones: La literatura muestra que la vagina no tiene ninguna estructura anatómica que pueda desencadenar un orgasmo; y así como las teorías que afirmaban la existencia del punto "G", por más de treinta años tuvieron su auge, hoy por hoy, la evidencia de su no existencia, también está cogiendo eco.

Objective: to review the present literature, in relation to point "G". EBSCO, Elsevier, Interscience, Medline, Ovid, Pubmed, SciELO, Scopus (1950 to 2016), Cochrane Group (July 31, 2016) and books Advances in Sexual Medicine, American Journal of Sexual Education, British Journal of Sexual Medicine (BJSM) ), European Journal of Sexual Health, Sexology and The Journal of Sexual Medicine; .results: 75 titles were reviewed, of which 65 met our selection criteria, corresponding to review articles, cross-sectional designs, cases and controls. The term "G" is not a term used in human anatomy; and there are no anatomical or ultrasound images of this point, therefore, point "G" does not exist; Anatomical, biochemical and histological studies have not proved their existence. Conclusions: The literature shows that the vagina does not have any anatomical structure that can trigger an orgasm; and as well as the theories that affirmed the existence of point "G", for more than thirty years took place its today, today, the evidence of its existence, is also catching echo.

Orgasmic Dysfunction after Radical Prostatectomy

In addition to urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction, several other impairments of sexual function potentially occurring after radical prostatectomy (RP) have been described; as a whole, these less frequently assessed disorders are referred to as neglected side effects. In particular, orgasmic dysfunctions (ODs) have been reported in a non-negligible number of cases, with detrimental impacts on patients' overall sexual life. This review aimed to comprehensively discuss the prevalence and physiopathology of post-RP ODs, as well as potential treatment options. Orgasm-associated incontinence (climacturia) has been reported to occur in between 20% and 93% of patients after RP. Similarly, up to 19% of patients complain of postoperative orgasm-associated pain, mainly referred pain at the level of the penis. Moreover, impairment in the sensation of orgasm or even complete anorgasmia has been reported in 33% to 77% of patients after surgery. Clinical and surgical factors including age, the use of a nerve-sparing technique, and robotic surgery have been variably associated with the risk of ODs after RP, although robust and reliable data allowing for a proper estimation of the risk of postoperative orgasmic function impairment are still lacking. Likewise, little evidence regarding the management of postoperative ODs is currently available. In general, physicians should be aware of the prevalence of ODs after RP, in order to properly counsel all patients both preoperatively and immediately post-RP about the potential occurrence of bothersome and distressful changes in their overall sexual function.

Prevalence of Sexual Dysfunction among Expectant Women / Prevalência de disfunção sexual entre mulheres grávidas

Abstract Purpose To identify pregnancy as a causative factor of sexual dysfunction among expectant women. Methods A prospective study with 225 expectant mothers seen in the prenatal clinic of a federal university. Sexual function was evaluated by means of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and all domains were analyzed (desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain). Initially, a univariate analysis of the sample was done. The averages for each domain according to the risk of sexual dysfunction (FSFI ≤ 26.5) were compared using the Student’s t-test for independent samples. The strength of the correlation between sexual dysfunction and all sociodemographic, clinical and behavioral variables was measured by the Chi-Square (X2) test. Then, odds ratios (ORs) and their confidence intervals were assigned to perform a bivariate analysis. Any p values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results Approximately two-thirds of the women (66.7%) showed signs of risk of sexual dysfunction (FSFI ≤ 26.5). Within these cases, all sexual dysfunction domains (desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain) were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001). The domains most affected were desire (2.67), satisfaction (2.71) and arousal (2.78). Conclusions Pregnancy appears to be an important causative factor of sexual dysfunction among pregnant women.

Resumo Objetivo Identificar a gravidez como fator causador de disfunção sexual entre mulheres gestantes. Métodos Estudo prospectivo com 225 gestantes atendidas no ambulatório de prénatal de uma universidade federal. A função sexual foi avaliada por meio do Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), e todos os domínios foram analisados (desejo, excitação, lubrificação, orgasmo, satisfação e dor). Inicialmente, uma análise univariada da amostra foi feita. As médias para cada domínio de acordo com o risco de disfunção sexual (FSFI ≤ 26,5) foram comparadas pelo teste t de Student para amostras independentes. A força da correlação entre a disfunção sexual e todas as variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e comportamentais foi medida pelo teste do qui-quadrado (X2). A partir desta perspectiva, foram aferidos os odds ratios (ORs) e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança para a análise bivariada. Quaisquer valores de p inferiores a 0,05 foram considerados significativos. Resultados Cerca de dois terços das mulheres (66,7%) mostraram sinais de risco de disfunção sexual (FSFI ≤ 26,5). Dentro destes casos, todos os domínios de disfunção sexual (desejo, excitação, lubrificação, orgasmo, satisfação e dor) foram estatisticamente significativos (p < 0,001). Os domínios mais afetados foram o desejo (2,67), a satisfação (2,71) e a excitação (2,78). Conclusões A gravidez parece ser um importante fator causador de disfunção sexual entre mulheres gestantes.

O gozo da insatisfação na relação sexual / The enjoyment of dissatisfaction with sexual intercourse

O gozo feminino é considerado por Lacan como Outro em relação ao do homem. Em todo caso, este gozo é difícil de ser discernido, ainda mais que ele pode, como nos mostra a clínica, ser facilmente simulado por uma mulher. Mas por que uma mulher se coloca na posição de simular um orgasmo? O que está em jogo para ela nessa prática? Tentaremos mostrar que a simulação não é apenas sinônimo de frigidez. Não que ela não o possa ser, mas a simulação é também fonte de prazer para uma mulher e, de forma pardoxal, algo capaz de favorecer o "encontro" com o outro.

The enjoyment of the dissatisfaction in the sexual relationship. The feminine enjoyment is considered by Lacan, as "Other", compared to the enjoyment of the man. Anyway, it is difficult to enclose, especially since enjoyment can be, as shown by the clinic, easily simulated by a woman. But why does a woman put herself in the position of simulating the orgasm? What are the stakes of this practice? We would try to show that faking orgasm is not only a synonymous of frigidity. It could be, of course, but it is also a spring of pleasure for a woman and, paradoxically, an expedient capable of making possible the "gathering" with the other.

Comparação entre exercícios perineais e exercícios sexuais como método de tratamento fisioterapêutico na disfunção orgásmica feminina / Comparison of perineal exercises and sexual exercises as a method of physical therapy treatment for female orgasmisc dysfunction

Objetivos: Comparar os exercícios perineais e exercícios sexuais como método de tratamento fisioterapêutico na disfunção orgásmica feminina. Métodos: Comparou-se dois grupos: exercícios sexuais (ES) e exercícios sexuais e perineais (ESP). Após a anamnese, avaliou-se a função muscular do assoalho pélvico através das escalas AFA e Esquema PERFECT e foi preenchido o questionário "Quociente Sexual - Versão Feminina". As pacientes do grupo ES receberam um folheto explicativo com exercícios que deveriam seguir três vezes ao dia, retornando ao ambulatório para reavaliação. Já as pacientes do grupo ESP, além de receberem as mesmas orientações do grupo ES, passaram por protocolos de exercícios perineais. Passadas as semanas de exercícios perineais, a paciente retornou para responder ao "QS-F" e passou pela avaliação final do assoalho pélvico. Resultados: Foram incluídas 14 pacientes, sendo cinco no grupo ES e nove no grupo ESP. Nossos achados demonstraram que 80% das pacientes do grupo ES conseguiram alcançar o orgasmo através da masturbação, e 40% das pacientes do mesmo grupo conseguiram alcançar o orgasmo na masturbação na presença do companheiro, enquanto este número oscilou de 11,1 a 22,2% no grupo ESP. Com relação à avaliação da função muscular, os resultados mostraram que houve aumento. Conclusões: A educação sexual é de extrema importância no tratamento da anorgasmia. A masturbação e o estímulo à fantasia são imprescindíveis para o conhecimento dos pontos eróticos. O programa de reabilitação do assoalho pélvico melhora a força muscular perineal, a sensibilidade e consciência perineal, e o prazer genital durante a penetração, além da qualidade sexual, comprovado pelo QS-F.

Início da atividade sexual de mulheres jovens: questionando sua satisfação e preferências / Sexual activity initiation of young women: questioning their satisfaction and preferences

O objetivo desta pesquisa exploratória foi identificar o início da atividade sexual, a satisfação e as preferências sexuais de mulheres jovens da cidade de São Paulo. A amostra foi composta por 60 mulheres com idade entre 18 e 21 anos, sexualmente ativas, que responderam um questionário preparado pelas pesquisadoras. Os resultados indicaram um início precoce da atividade sexual, apontaram que a maioria das jovens desta amostra prefere a penetração vaginal e o sexo oral recebido do parceiro. A grande maioria dessas mulheres afirmou estar satisfeita sexualmente, porém creditam esta satisfação ao parceiro e ao estabelecimento de um relacionamento amoroso e não à qualidade da relação sexual, nem ao orgasmo em si. Outros estudos com foco na satisfação sexual feminina são necessários e importantes para que essas mulheres sejam compreendidas e para que possam ter mais prazer nas relações sexuais.

It is an exploratory research in order to identify the onset of sexual activity, satisfaction and sexual preferences of young women in São Paulo. A group of 60 women aged 18 to 21, with regular sexual activity, answered a questionnaire prepared by the researchers. The results indicate an early onset of sexual activity, they showed that most young women in the sample prefer vaginal penetration and oral sex received from the partner. The vast majority of these women claimed to be sexually satisfied, but credit this satisfaction to the partner and the establishment of a loving relationship and not to the quality of intercourse or to the orgasm itself. Other studies focusing on female sexual satisfaction are necessary and important for these women to be understood and to improve the pleasure in sexual intercourse.

Climacturia (Orgasm-associated Incontinence) Following Radical Prostatectomy

PURPOSE: Climacturia is involuntary loss of urine during orgasm. The mechanism of climacturia in men who undergo radical prostatectomy (RP) is not fully understood, while deficiency in bladder neck coaptation during orgasm may be the cause. We evaluated the prevalence and risk factors of climacturia after RP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of prostate cancer patients who underwent RP from 2002 to 2013 and was able to have a vaginal intercourse postoperatively. RP was conducted using open or robot-assisted approach. We analysed the symptoms of climacturia, relationship between climacturia and several clinical factors. Also, we tried to find factors to predict the presence of climacturia. RESULTS: Total of 123 patients were analyzed in this study. The median age of the men was 65 year and postoperative follow-up period for the interview was 37 months. Of the total 123 patients, 29 (23.6%) complained of the climacturia. In climacturia group, robot-assisted RP (p=0.018), nerve-sparing (p=0.046) and penile rehabilitation (p=0.012) were significantly less frequent, and more pad were comsumed (p=0.001) compared to non-climacturia group. On multivariable analysis, post-prostatectomy incontinence (PPI) (OR 6.49, p=0.004) and penile rehabilitation (OR 0.22, p=0.036) were significant factors to predict the presence of climacturia. CONCLUSIONS: Climacturia occurs in more than 20% patients who were potent enough after RP in our study. PPI and penile rehabilitation were positive and negative factor to predict an occurrence of climacturia, respectively. Therefore, in addition to PPI and erectile dysfunction, patients must be informed of this complication before undergoing RP.

Prevalencia de orgasmo en mujeres universitarias de Bucaramanga (Colombia), 2013 / Prevalence of orgasm in female university students in Bucaramanga (Colombia), 2013

Objetivo: establecer la prevalencia de vida de orgasmo femenino y de dificultades orgásmicas en universitarias del área metropolitana de Bucara manga (Colombia). Materiales y métodos: estudio de corte transversal. Se administró un cuestionario de autorreporte a una muestra de mujeres universitarias de Bucaramanga. Además de la prevalencia de orgasmo, se midieron variables sociodemográficas como edad, orientación sexual, religiosidad y estado civil; y variables relacionadas con la conducta y la estimulación sexual. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y un análisis exploratorio mediante análisis bivariado y multivariado para medir la asociación de variables de interés con el orgasmo. Resultados: se encuestaron 1.038 mujeres, con una edad mediana de 20 años. La prevalencia de vida de orgasmo fue del 76 % (IC 95 %: 73,5-78,7) y la prevalencia de dificultades para alcanzar el orgasmo fue del 24 % (IC 95 %: 21,3-26,5). De las mujeres que no habían tenido orgasmo o tenían dificultades para alcanzarlo el 6,2 % habían consultado al ginecólogo por esta razón. En el análisis multivariado se encontró asociación entre el orgasmo y la edad (OR = 1,19; IC 95%: 1,08-1,31), la masturbación (OR = 2,55; IC 95 %: 1,34-4,84) y las relaciones sexuales con una pareja (OR = 4,2; IC 95 %: 2,28-7,72). Conclusión: una de cada 3 mujeres universitarias no han tenido experiencia orgásmica y tres de cada 10 mujeres con experiencia orgásmica reportan dificultad para alcanzarlo. Es importante indagar sobre estos problemas sexuales en la consulta de ginecología.

Objective: To determine the lifetime prevalence of female orgasm and difficulty reaching orgasm among female university students in the Bucaramanga metropolitan area, Colombia. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study. A self-reporting questionnaire was given to college women in Bucaramanga. Besides the prevalence of orgasm, other social and demographic variables were measured, including age, sexual orientation, religiousness and marital status. Bivariate and multivariate descriptive and exploratory analyses were performed in order to measure the association of the variables of interest with orgasm. Results: Overall, 1,038 women with a mean age of 20 years were surveyed. Lifetime prevalence of orgasm was 76% (95% CI: 73.5 to 78.7) and the prevalence of difficulty reaching orgasm was 24% (95% CI: 21.3 to 26.5). Among the women who had not experienced orgasm or had difficulties reaching it, 6.2% had visited a gynaecologist for that reason. The multivariate analysis showed an association between orgasm and age (OR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.31), masturbation (OR = 2.55; 95% CI: 1.34 to 4.84) and intercourse with a partner (OR = 4.2; CI 95%: 2.28 to 7.72). Conclusion: One out of 3 college women have not experienced orgasm and 3 out of every 10 women with orgasmic experience report difficulty reaching it. It is important to ask about these sexual problems during the gynaecological consultation.

Influencia de la gestación en la sexualidad de la mujer / Influence of pregnancy in the woman's sexuality

Introducción: resulta impostergable considerar la sexualidad en el contexto de la salud integral de la mujer, por la recuperación que tiene en el estilo de vida, y el proceso de gestación puede afectar el comportamiento sexual de la pareja. Objetivo: determinar la influencia que tiene la gestación en la sexualidad de la mujer. Material y método: investigación longitudinal, prospectiva y analítica en el policlínico "Hermanos Cruz" de la provincia de Pinar del Río, entre abril de 2010 y febrero de 2011. El universo quedó conformado por todas las mujeres embarazadas captadas precozmente de los grupos básicos de trabajo (GBT) 1, 2 y 3 (n = 218); para la selección de la muestra se escogieron al azar 21 consultorios, y de ellos se seleccionaron las primeras siete gestantes captadas antes de las 13 semanas de embarazo (n = 147); se empleó un cuestionario el que fue aplicado en los tres trimestres del embarazo, para la validación de los resultados se empleó la prueba de ji cuadrado con nivel de significación de p < 0,05. Resultados: se obtuvo una mediana de 2, 3 y 2 coitos semanales según los trimestres del embarazo, en cuanto al deseo sexual, la excitación sexual, el orgasmo y la satisfacción sexual tuvieron una relación altamente significativa con el primero y tercer trimestre de la gestación. Conclusiones: el embarazo es un proceso que lleva aparejado un trastorno en la sexualidad de la mujer.

Introduction: it is timely to consider sexuality in the context of the woman's comprehensive health, for the recovery in the lifestyle, and the pregnancy process can affect the couple's sexual behavior. Objective: to determine the influence of pregnancy in the woman's sexuality. Material and method: longitudinal, prospective and analytic research carried out in Pinar del Río Hermanos Cruz Outpatient Polyclinic, from April 2010 to February 2011. The target group was made up of all the pregnant women early caught from the basic work groups 1, 2 and 3 (n=128), for choosing the sample 21 medical family offices were randomly chosen, and from them the first seven pregnant women were caught before the 13 weeks of pregnancy (n=147). A questionnaire was applied in the first three trimesters during the pregnancy. For validating the result we used the chi-square test, with signification level of p < 0.05. Results: a media of 2, 3 or 4 coituses weekly was obtained according the pregnancy's trimesters. Regarding sexual desire, sexual arousal, orgasm, and sexual satisfaction, they had a highly significant relation in the pregnancy's first and third trimesters. Conclusions: pregnancy is a process entailing disorders in the woman's sexuality.