ABSTRACT
Paeonia veitchii and P. lactiflora are both original plants of the famous Chinese medicinal drug Paeoniae Radix Rubra in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. They have important medicinal value and great potential in the flower market. The selection of stable and reliable reference genes is a necessary prerequisite for molecular research on P. veitchii. In this study, two reference genes, Actin and GAPDH, were selected as candidate genes from the transcriptome data of P. veitchii. The expression levels of the two candidate genes in different tissues(phloem, xylem, stem, leaf, petiole, and ovary) and different growth stages(bud stage, flowering stage, and dormant stage) of P. veitchii were detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative technology(qRT-PCR). Then, the stability of the expression of the two reference genes was comprehensively analyzed using geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, ΔCT, and RefFinder. The results showed that the expression patterns of Actin and GAPDH were stable in different tissues and growth stages of P. veitchii. Furthermore, the expression levels of eight genes(Pv-TPS01, Pv-TPS02, Pv-CYP01, Pv-CYP02, Pv-CYP03, Pv-BAHD01, Pv-UGT01, and Pv-UGT02) in different tissues were further detected based on the transcriptome data of P. veitchii. The results showed that when Actin and GAPDH were used as reference genes, the expression trends of the eight genes in different tissues of P. veitchii were consistent, validating the reliability of Actin and GAPDH as reference genes for P. veitchii. In conclusion, this study finds that Actin and GAPDH can be used as reference genes for studying gene expression levels in different tissues and growth stages of P. veitchii.
Subject(s)
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Paeonia/genetics , Actins/genetics , Reproducibility of Results , Transcriptome , Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases/genetics , Reference Standards , Gene Expression Profiling/methodsABSTRACT
Objective::To investigate the chemical constituents from Paeonia veitchii. Method::P. veitchii samples (30 kg) were extracted with 95% ethanol for four times and then filtrated, and the combined filtrates were concentrated under vacuum to get the extracts. After suspension with water, exaction was conducted with petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water successively to obtain five corresponding fractions. The compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS column chromatography and prep-HPLC, and the structures of these compounds were determined by such spectrum technologies as infrared spectroscopy (IR), mass spectroscopy (MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Result::Sixteen compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as follows (1S, 5R, 6R)-1, 8-dihydroxypin-2-en-4-one (1), (2-hydroxyl)-phenyl-methyl-β-D-xylopyranoside (2), flufuran (3), 6′-O-vanillylpaeoniflorin (4), methyl 2, 5-dihydroxycinnamate (5), (1S, 2S, 5R, 6R)-1, 8-dihydroxypin-4-one (6), palbinone (7), 4-O-methylpaeoniflorin (8), 4-O-ethylpaeoniflorin (9), benzoyloxypaeoniflorin (10), benzoic acid (11), gallic acid (12), methyl gallate (13), ethyl gallate (14), β-sitosterol (15), and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose (16). Conclusion::Compounds 1, 2 were new natural compounds; compound 3 was isolated from genus Paeonia for the first time, and compounds 4-7 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the influence of extract of schisandra chinensis and paeonia veitchii on level of cytokines in asthmatic rats .Methods SD rats were randomly divided into three groups :Chinese medicine-treated ,untreated asthma ,physiologi-cal saline control groups .The tracheal pathology and symptom of different groups were observed ,then cytokine expressions in ser-um were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA ) .Results Chinese herb extract obviously improved tracheal pathology and airway symptoms .The levels of IL-4 ,IL-6、IL-13 in serum of Chinese medicine-treated and untreated asthma groups were significantly increased ,while the IFN-γ expression was reduced .But after treatment of Chinese herb extract ,compared with untreated asthma group the IFN-γexpression was significantly increased in Chinese medicine-treated group .Conclusion The effect of extract of schisandra chinensis and paeonia veitchii could reduce airway inflammation of asthma rats may by significantly in-creased IFN-γexpression .
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the chemical constituents of Paeonia veitchii. Methods Isolation and purification were carried out on repeated silica gel column chromatography. The structures of the compounds were identified by physico-chemical properties and spectral analyses. Results Nine compounds were isolated and identified as paeoniflorin (Ⅰ), hydroxypaeoniflorin (Ⅱ), benzoylpaeoniflorin (Ⅲ), benzoylhydroxypaeoniflorin (Ⅳ), albiflorin (Ⅴ), paeonisothujone (Ⅵ), mudanpinoic acid A (Ⅶ), 2-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (Ⅷ), bis (2-hydroxybenzyl) ether (Ⅸ). Conclusion Compound Ⅸ is obtained from natural products for the first time. Compounds Ⅳ, Ⅵ-Ⅸ are isolated from this plant for the first time.