Effect of Paint Exposure Among Paint Workers and DNA Damage: A Scoping Review

@#Paint contains various complex chemical mixtures, such as aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons (primarily toluene), ketones, and benzene as reported at previous studies. Toxicity from some chemicals can cause early DNA damage with various factors. A scoping review was conducted via literature review on relevant studies on the effect of paint exposure on paint workers and DNA damage. A systematic search was conducted in October 2021 via PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The key terms used were paint, solvent-based paint, organic solvent, mixed organic solvent, occupational exposure and DNA damage, oxidative stress, genotoxicity on a painter, paint worker. From 561 articles, only 13 articles were finally selected based on the inclusion, exclusion criteria, and eligibility criteria. The literature showed that biomonitoring studies on painters were consistently reporting positive and significant DNA damage due to exposure to different types of compounds mixed in a paint. However, there were fewer studies on paint manufacturing factory workers compared to painters while paint manufacturing workers exposed various chemical everyday during the paint production which potentially susceptible to occupational toxicity. In conclusion, this review suggests that exposure to paints could induce early DNA damage among paint workers and further investigations on paint exposure among paint manufacturing factory workers and the DNA damage were needed in order to improve occupational health among paint workers in the future.

Novel pyriproxyfen based treatment for Aedes breeding control through a long-lasting formulation: Laboratory and field trials in Western Maharashtra, India

Background & objectives: There is a need to evaluate novel techniques for dengue control in India. Several formulations of pyriproxyfen have been assessed for efficacy and duration of action. Pyriproxyfen is also used as a microencapsulated ready-to-use formulation against the Aedes vector. We evaluated a novel pyriproxyfen-based microencapsulated formulation. This slow-release, ready-to-use aqueous spray is a larvicidal formulation, and we assessed its efficacy and residual action through laboratory and semi-field trials against Aedes immature stages. Methods: The study was carried out as per the guidelines for laboratory and field/small-scale field testing of mosquito larvicides by the World Health Organization. The evaluation was conducted in laboratory and semi-field conditions from August to December 2018. We tested the novel formulation on three materials (plastic, ceramic, and enamel) in the laboratory for its action as an antilarval. Four containers of each kind were sprayed with the formulation and kept as replicates. Four controls were used in the laboratory trials - 120 larvae (third instar) were introduced in the replicates and the controls each. Readings were taken daily till complete adult emergence or larval and pupal mortality. In the semi-field trials, we applied this formulation to the inside of desert coolers and observed larvicidal and pupicidal activity over five months. Data is presented in numbers and percentages, along with mean and standard deviation. Adult emergence and Emergence Inhibition was calculated. Results: There was 100% adult emergence inhibition amongst the exposed larvae in the treated containers in the laboratory trials. In the untreated controls, adult emergence ranged from 80–95% in all types of containers. In the semifield trials, Inhibition Emergence was 100% in the treated desert coolers during the five months of the study period. Interpretation & conclusion: This advancement in insecticide formulation technology promises to make dengue control more effective and efficient

Daltonismo racional / Rational Daltonism / Daltonismo Racional

Con la técnica de aerografía sobre madera, se crea la obra "Daltonismo Racional", composición planteada en orden cartesiano, iniciando en el plano izquierdo superior con el panel rojo de línea totalmente quebrada, en constante zigzag, seguido a la derecha por el panel verde con gráfico de cigarrillo humeante; luego, en el sector izquierdo debajo del panel rojo encontramos el panel verde con la botella de licor y, finalmente, en la zona derecha inferior hallamos el panel con el gráfico del monitor rojo y línea blanca horizontal. Respecto a sus dimensiones, corresponde a un políptico conformado por cuatro módulos cuadrados, de 36 cm x 36 cm x 7 cm de profundidad. Entre los módulos hay un espacio de 20 cm, lo cual permite la formación de una cruz, por los dos espacios cruzados perpendicularmente. La obra tiene un carácter contestatario, frente a la manera como se pretende financiar la salud pública, debido a que los impuestos generados por la venta y consumo de alcohol y cigarrillos, se destinan para la salud, lo que nos lleva a una paradoja: ¿es razonable pensar que a través del detrimento de la salud de las personas que consumen licores y cigarrillos, se intente solucionar los problemas de salud?, ¿no es acaso la prevención y el no consumo de estas sustancias, lo que nos permite cultivar un mejor estado de salud?

With the technique of airbrushing on wood, the work "Rational Daltonism" is created. This is laid out in Cartesian order, starting on the upper left plane with the red panel with a totally broken line, in constant zigzag, followed to the right by the green panel with a graphic of a smoking cigarette; then, in the left sector below the red panel we find the green panel with the liquor bottle and, finally, in the lower right area we find the panel with the red monitor graphic and horizontal white line. Regarding its dimensions, it corresponds to a polyptych made up of four square modules, 36 cm x 36 cm x 7 cm deep. Between the modules there is a space of 20 cm, which allows the formation of a cross, by the two spaces crossed perpendicularly. The work has an anti-establishment character, as opposed to the way in which public health is intended to be financed, because the taxes generated by the sale and consumption of alcohol and cigarettes are destined for health, which leads us to a paradox: Is it reasonable to think that there is an attempt to solve health problems through the health detriment of the people who consume liquor and cigarettes? Is not prevention and not consuming these substances what allows us to cultivate a better health condition?

Com a técnica de aerografia sobre madeira, é criada a obra Daltonismo Racional. Esta está disposta em ordem cartesiana, iniciando no plano superior esquerdo com o painel vermelho com uma linha totalmente quebrada, em constante ziguezague, seguido à direita pelo painel verde com o gráfico de um cigarro fumando; em seguida, no setor esquerdo abaixo do painel vermelho encontramos o painel verde com a garrafa de licor e, finalmente, na área inferior direita encontramos o painel com o gráfico do monitor vermelho e linha branca horizontal. Quanto às suas dimensões, corresponde a um políptico composto por quatro módulos quadrados, com 36 cm x 36 cm x 7 cm de profundidade. Entre os módulos existe um espaço de 20 cm, que permite a formação de uma cruz, pelos dois espaços cruzados perpendicularmente. La obra tiene un carácter contestatario, frente a la manera como se pretende financiar la salud pública, debido a que los impuestos generados por la venta y consumo de alcohol y cigarrillos, se destinan para la salud, lo que nos lleva a una paradoja: es razonable pensar que a través del detrimento de la salud de las personas que consumen licores y cigarrillos, se intente solucionar los problemas de salud?, no es acaso la prevención y el no consumo de estas sustancias, lo que nos permite cultivar un mejor Estado de saúde?

Effect of Fufang Huangbai Fluid Paint on Virulence and Biofilm of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the virulence and biofilm inhibition effect of Fufang Huangbai Fluid Paint （FFHBFP） on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus （MRSA）， and to explore the antibacterial effect of FFHBFP on MRSA， which provides a theoretical basis and reference for clinical medication. MethodFirstly， the microdilution method and time–growth curve were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） of FFHBFP and vancomycin （VAN） against MRSA and the effect on bacterial growth. The effects of FFHBFP and VAN on the inhibition of MRSA virulence factor lipase and restoration of hydrogen peroxide （H2O2） sensitivity were detected under sub-minimum inhibitory concentration （sub-MIC）. The inhibitory effect of FFHBFP and VAN on MRSA biofilm formation and maturation was detected by the microplate method. The morphological changes of mature biofilms before and after administration were observed under a scanning electron microscope （SEM）. Real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was utilized to detect the effect of 50.600 g·L-1 concentration of FFHBFP on the expression of MRSA virulence gene crtM and biofilm-forming genes fnbA and icaA. Finally， molecular docking technology was used to predict the mechanism of potential antibacterial active ingredients of FFHBFP in inhibiting the virulence and biofilm of MRSA. ResultThe MIC of VAN was 2 mg·L-1， and VAN below 1 mg·L-1 exerted no effect on MRSA growth. The MIC of FFHBFP was not determined， while the 101.200-202.400 g·L-1 original solution inhibited MRSA growth. Compared with the blank group and the VAN group， sub-MIC （25.300-50.600 g·L-1 original solution） inhibited lipase and recovered MRSA sensitivity to H2O2 （P<0.01）. The results of the microplate method showed that FFHBFP （25.300-202.400 g·L-1 original solution） inhibited biofilm formation and maturation （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The SEM exhibited that FFHBFP made the structure of biofilm loose and the size of the bacteria varied. FFHBFP at 50.600 g·L-1 concentration can inhibit the expression of related virulence genes and biofilm-forming genes （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and molecular docking results also showed that the main antibacterial active ingredients in FFHBFP have good binding ability to the target. ConclusionFFHBFP that cannot directly kill MRSA exerts clinical efficacy by impairing virulence expression， biofilm formation， and other pathogenic properties.

Errata de: La trama de la enseñanza. Notas para pensar las secuencias desde algunas relaciones con ejercicios de pintura: el caso dela gimnasia escolar / Errata de: A trama do ensino. Notas para pensar as sequências a partir de algumas relações com exercícios de pintura: o caso da ginástica escolar / Erratum to: The fabric of teaching. Notes to think about the sequences as from some relationship with painting exercises: the case of school gymnastics

El presente artículo se elabora en el marco del trabajo del grupo de investigación Docencia, Escuela. Arte y Educación del Cuerpo (DESAREC), del Instituto Superior de Educación Física (ISEF), de la Universidad de la República (Udelar) Uruguay. Objetivo:Elaborar la revisión de un artículo publicado en 2006 en la revista IsefDigital,que se ocupó de problematizar la selección y secuenciación de contenidos en educación física. Resultados y discusión:En esta ocasión se incorporan nuevos elementos que ponen en diálogo asuntos propios sobre el ejercicio de pensar las secuenciaciones didácticas y algunos estudios y ejercicios de pintura que, desde los entre-lugares con el arte, entendemos que pueden aportar a la hora de pensar la docencia y la enseñanza desde otra perspectiva de exploración posible. A partir de estas relaciones, se presenta un ejercicio de secuenciación para el caso de la gimnasia escolar, intentando de esta manera, despejar algunos problemas que tiene el campo en general, tanto en su conceptualización como en su enseñanza. Consideraciones finales: De esta manera se esboza una perspectiva posible de conceptualización sobre la escuela como forma y, por tanto, sobre una mirada del oficio docente que se configura en ella y con ella, y que implica un cierto tipo de relación estudiosa y atenta con nuestra materia de enseñanza, que en esta caso se trata de la gimnasia escolar.

Este artigo é elaborado no âmbito do grupo de pesquisa Ensino, Escola, Arte e Educação do Corpo (DESAREC) do Instituto Superior de Educação Física (ISEF) da Universidade da República (Udelar), Uruguai. Objetivo:Revisão de um artigo publicado em 2006 na revista Isefdigital, que tratava do problema da seleção e sequenciamento de conteúdos na educação física. Resultados e discussão:Nesta ocasião, são incorporados novos elementos que trazem em diálogo questões próprias ao desenho de sequências de ensino com alguns estudos e exercícios de pintura que, a partir dos entre-lugares com a arte, entendemos que podem contribuir para pensar a docência e o ensino desde outra perspectiva de exploração possível. A partir dessas relações, apresenta-se um exercício de sequenciamento para o caso da ginástica escolar, tentando assim esclarecer alguns problemas que a área apresenta em geral, tanto em sua conceituação quanto em seu ensino. Considerações finais: Dessa forma delineia-se uma perspectiva conceitual da escola como forma pedagógica e, portanto, sobre uma visão particular da profissão docente que se configura nela e com ela, o que implica certotipo de relação estudiosa e atenta com a nossa matéria de ensino.

This article has been prepared within the framework of the Teaching, School, Art and Education of the Body (DESAREC) research group of the Higher Institute of Physical Education (ISEF) of the University of the Republic (Udelar),Uruguay. Objetive:To elaborate a revision of an article published in 2006 in the IsefDigitalmagazine, which dealt with problematizing the selection and sequencing of content in physical education. Discussion and results:On this occasion, new elements are incorporated that put in dialogue issues related to the design of teaching sequences with some studies and painting exercises that, from the between-places with art, we understand they can contribute to consider teaching and education from another possible perspective of exploration. Based on these relationships, a sequencing exercise is presented for the case of school gymnastics, thus trying to clear up some problems that the field has in general, both in its conceptualization and in its teaching.FinalConsiderations:Following that, a conceptual perspective of school as a pedagogical form is outlined and therefore, on a particular view of the teaching profession that is configured in and with it, implying a certain type of studious and attentive relationship with our teaching subject.

La trama de la enseñanza. Notas para pensar las secuencias desde algunas relaciones con ejercicios de pintura: el caso dela gimnasia escolar / A trama do ensino. Notas para pensar as sequências a partir de algumas relações com exercícios de pintura: o caso da ginástica escolar / The fabric of teaching. Notes to think about the sequences as from some relationship with painting exercises: the case of school gymnastics

El presente artículo se elabora en el marco del trabajo del grupo de investigación Docencia, Escuela. Arte y Educación del Cuerpo (DESAREC), del Instituto Superior de Educación Física (ISEF), de la Universidad de la República (Udelar) Uruguay. Objetivo:Elaborar la revisión de un artículo publicado en 2006 en la revista IsefDigital,que se ocupó de problematizar la selección y secuenciación de contenidos en educación física. Resultados y discusión:En esta ocasión se incorporan nuevos elementos que ponen en diálogo asuntos propios sobre el ejercicio de pensar las secuenciaciones didácticas y algunos estudios y ejercicios de pintura que, desde los entre-lugares con el arte, entendemos que pueden aportar a la hora de pensar la docencia y la enseñanza desde otra perspectiva de exploración posible. A partir de estas relaciones, se presenta un ejercicio de secuenciación para el caso de la gimnasia escolar, intentando de esta manera, despejar algunos problemas que tiene el campo en general, tanto en su conceptualización como en su enseñanza. Consideraciones finales: De esta manera se esboza una perspectiva posible de conceptualización sobre la escuela como forma y, por tanto, sobre una mirada del oficio docente que se configura en ella y con ella, y que implica un cierto tipo de relación estudiosa y atenta con nuestra materia de enseñanza, que en esta caso se trata de la gimnasia escolar

Este artigo é elaborado no âmbito do grupo de pesquisa Ensino, Escola, Arte e Educação do Corpo (DESAREC) do Instituto Superior de Educação Física (ISEF) da Universidade da República (Udelar), Uruguai. Objetivo:Revisão de um artigo publicado em 2006 na revista Isefdigital, que tratava do problema da seleção e sequenciamento de conteúdos na educação física. Resultados e discussão:Nesta ocasião, são incorporados novos elementos que trazem em diálogo questões próprias ao desenho de sequências de ensino com alguns estudos e exercícios de pintura que, a partir dos entre-lugares com a arte, entendemos que podem contribuir para pensar a docência e o ensino desde outra perspectiva de exploração possível. A partir dessas relações, apresenta-se um exercício de sequenciamento para o caso da ginástica escolar, tentando assim esclarecer alguns problemas que a área apresenta em geral, tanto em sua conceituação quanto em seu ensino. Considerações finais: Dessa forma delineia-se uma perspectiva conceitual da escola como forma pedagógica e, portanto, sobre uma visão particular da profissão docente que se configura nela e com ela, o que implica certotipo de relação estudiosa e atenta com a nossa matéria de ensino.

This article has been prepared within the framework of the Teaching, School, Art and Education of the Body (DESAREC) research group of the Higher Institute of Physical Education (ISEF) of the University of the Republic (Udelar),Uruguay. Objetive:To elaborate a revision of an article published in 2006 in the IsefDigitalmagazine, which dealt with problematizing the selection and sequencing of content in physical education. Discussion and results:On this occasion, new elements are incorporated that put in dialogue issues related to the design of teaching sequences with some studies and painting exercises that, from the between-places with art, we understand they can contribute to consider teaching and education from another possible perspective of exploration. Based on these relationships, a sequencing exercise is presented for the case of school gymnastics, thus trying to clear up some problems that the field has in general, both in its conceptualization and in its teaching.FinalConsiderations:Following that, a conceptual perspective of school as a pedagogical form is outlined and therefore, on a particular view of the teaching profession that is configured in and with it, implying a certain type of studious and attentive relationship with our teaching subject.

El Dr. Salman visitando a su familia / Dr Salman visiting his family

Cuando el Dr. Salman me envió algunas fotos de referencia, instantáneamente supe que tenía que elegir la foto en la que se basa esta pintura; aunque era una escena compleja con varias figuras, la narrativa que presentaba era muy poderosa y emotiva. Quería evitar el sentimentalismo, y creo que la atrevida técnica del empaste que usé, con pintura al óleo espesa y un pincel grande, ayudó con esto. Se trataba principalmente de transmitir emociones crudas de una manera expresiva, sin incluir muchos detalles. Además, convertirla en una imagen fácilmente legible solo con pinceladas sueltas, sin delinear todo, fue un verdadero desafío. Espero haberlo logrado.

When Dr Salman sent me some reference photos, I instantly knew I had to choose the photo this painting is based on - although it was a complex scene with several figures, the narrative it presented was very powerful and emotional. I wanted to avoid sentimentality, and I think that the bold impasto technique I used, with thick oil paint and a large brush, helped with this. It was mostly about conveying raw emotion in an expressive way, without including lots of detail. Also making it an easily readable image just using loose brushstrokes, without delineating everything was a real challenge. I hope I succeeded. 1. Nick Richards is a London based portrait and plein air painter. He accepts portrait commissions from life or from photos. Nick paints landscapes & cityscapes directly from life in oils, on location in front of the subject as he loves the challenge of trying to capture the weather, the light and the essence of a place. Nick has exhibited with the Royal Institute of Oil Painters for the last two years, has appeared on Sky Portrait Artist of the Year & is shortlisted for the Sequested Prize.

Quando o Dr. Salman me enviou algumas fotos de referência, eu soube imediatamente que tinha que escolher a foto na qual esta pintura se baseia - embora fosse uma cena complexa com várias figuras, a narrativa que ela apresentava era muito poderosa e emocionante. Queria evitar o sentimentalismo e acho que a ousada técnica de impasto que usei, com tinta a óleo grossa e um pincel grande, ajudou nisso. Tratava-se principalmente de transmitir emoção crua de uma forma expressiva, sem incluir muitos detalhes. Também torná-la uma imagem facilmente legível apenas com pinceladas soltas, sem delinear tudo foi um verdadeiro desafio. Espero ter conseguido.

Isolation and identification of early marine biofilm-forming bacteria on commercial paint surface

Aims@#To investigate early marine biofilm-forming bacterial diversity on immersed antimicrobial-free commercial paint substratum in seawater. @*Methodology and results@#Total ten bacterial strains were successfully isolated and identified by complete 16S rRNA sequencing. The isolates morphological, biochemical properties, biofilm-forming ability, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) productivity and components were characterised. The morphological and biochemical characterization of the strains showed strains-specific variation. All isolates were strong biofilm producers with four motile strains being both flat-bottom and air-liquid-interface biofilm producers, while other strains were only air-liquid interface biofilm producer. Based on 16S rRNA, three strains were identified as Marinomonas communis, two were Marinomonas sp., while the rest were Alteromonas litorea, Alteromonas sp., Salinimonas lutimaris, Idiomarine baltica and Bacillus niabensis. The amount of EPS that the isolates produced ranged from 1.95 to 2.89 g/L and productivity of EPS was inversely correlated with the cell biomass. Analysis of the extracted EPS using attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTiR) showed that all isolates EPS contained carbohydrates, nucleic acid, protein, DNA/RNA and lipid. @*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#Bacterial diversity in early stages of biofilm on the commercial paint surface was dominated by Gram-negative bacteria from Gammaproteobacteria class. Isolates with superior cell growth showed lowest EPS production. This finding was expected to provide knowledge on distribution of different marine bacterial species in the biofilm on paint coated surfaces which may beneficial to formularize a new antibiofilm paint additive.

Representação do ócio no Brasil no início do século XIX a partir da obra de Debret: relações entre lazer e arte / Representation of leisure in Brazil at the beginning of 19th century from Debret's work: relations between leisure and art

O presente artigo traz uma reflexão teórica realizada por meio de análise de três obras produzidas pelo artista francês Jean-Baptiste Debret durante o período em que esteve no Brasil, no início do século XIX. As obras selecionadas foram analisadas com base na teoria e conceitos propostos pelo historiador da arte Michael Baxandall. Assim, o objetivo foi destacar obras de Debret que representassem cenas de gênero mostrando momentos de ócio e lazer para, a partir delas, aplicar a metodologia de observação de obras de arte proposta por Baxandall. O método empregado foi de abordagem qualitativa com enfoque indutivo na análise dos dados coletados, bem como a pesquisa é bibliográfica e empreendida pelo uso de fontes secundárias. Por fim, considerou-se que as obras de Debret retratam muito mais do que cenas de gênero, sendo também testemunhos históricos no tocante a hábitos e costumes marcantes de uma sociedade de época.

This article presents a theoretical reflection made through the analysis of three works produced by the french artist Jean-Baptiste Debret during his period in Brazil, at the beginning of 19th century. The selected works were analyzed based on the theory and concepts proposed by art historian Michael Baxandall. Thus, the objective was to highlight Debret's works that represented genre scenes showing moments of leisure and leisure, and from them, the methodology of observation of works of art proposed by Baxandall was applied. The method employed was a qualitative approach with an inductive approach in the analysis of the collected data, as well as the research is bibliographic and undertaken by the use of secondary sources. Finally, it was considered that Debret's works portray much more than genre scenes, and are also historical testimonies of the remarkable habits and customs of a period society.

Arte da pintura no ventre materno: experiências vividas por acadêmicas de enfermagem / Art of painting in women's bellies: experiences of nursing students

Objetivo: descrever a experiência de acadêmicas de enfermagem na realização da arte de pintura no ventre grávido, enfatizando suas percepções acerca das reações das gestantes. Metodologia: relato de experiência de acadêmicas que participam do projeto de extensão "Prevenção e Promoção da Saúde em grupos de Gestantes e Puérperas". Refere-se especificamente a realização da arte de pintura no ventre grávido, desenvolvida na Maternidade do Hospital Escola da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, no segundo semestre de 2017. Resultados: a interação acadêmicas-gestantes oportunizou a emergência do cuidado integral e humanizado, visto que transcendeu os aspectos biológicos e patológicos envolvidos na gestação, oportunizando a escuta e o projetar-se na relação futura com o filho. Considerações finais: a vivência no projeto de extensão, desenvolvido na unidade de maternidade, aliado ao uso da pintura do ventre materno proporcionou ao acadêmico de enfermagem uma aprendizagem vinculada ao exercício da humanização com potencial de uma conduta aplicável ao processo de cuidar da mulher grávida hospitalizada.

Objective: to describe the experience of nursing students in the art of painting in pregnant bellies, highlighting their perceptions about the reactions of pregnant women. Methodology: this is an experience report of students attending the extension project "Prevention and Promotion of Health in groups of Pregnant and Puerperal Women". Refers to the art of painting in the pregnant womb, developed at the Maternity Hospital of the Federal University of Pelotas, in the second half of 2017. Results: the students-pregnant women interaction enabled a comprehensive and humanized care, since it transcended the biological and pathological aspects involved in pregnancy, providing opportunities for listening and making projections about the future relationship with the child. Final considerations: the experience in the extension project developed in the maternity ward, combined with the use of maternal belly painting, provided the nursing student with a learning linked to the exercise of humanization with the power of a behaviour applicable to the process of caring for hospitalized pregnant women.

Remineralizing effect of commercial fluoride varnishes on artificial enamel lesions

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate soluble and insoluble fluoride concentrations in commercial varnishes, and their remineralization effect on artificial caries enamel lesions using surface and cross-sectional microhardness evaluations. Forty bovine enamel blocks were separated into four groups (n=10): control (no treatment), Enamelast (Ultradent Products), Duraphat (Colgate-Palmolive) and Clinpro White Varnish (3M ESPE). Surface enamel microhardness evaluations were obtained, artificial enamel caries lesions were developed by dynamic pH-cycling, and the varnishes were then applied every 6 days, after which the enamel blocks were submitted to dynamic remineralization by pH cycles. After removal of the varnishes, the enamel surfaces were reassessed for microhardness. The blocks were sectioned longitudinally, and cross-sectional microhardness measurements were performed at different surface depths (up to 300 μm depth). Polarized light microscopy images (PLMI) were made to analyze subsurface caries lesions. The fluoride concentration in whole (soluble and insoluble fluoride) and centrifuged (soluble fluoride) varnishes was determined using an extraction method with acetone. The data were analyzed to evaluate the surface microhardness, making adjustments for generalized linear models. There was a significant decrease in enamel surface microhardness after performing all the treatments (p<0.0001). Enamelast and Duraphat showed significantly higher enamel microhardness values than the control and the Clinpro groups (p = 0.0002). Microhardness loss percentage was significantly lower for Enamelast (p = 0.071; One-way ANOVA). PLMI showed that subsurface caries lesions were not remineralized with the varnish treatments. No significant differences in the in-depth microhardness levels (p = 0.7536; ANOVA) were observed among the treatments. Enamelast presented higher soluble and insoluble fluoride concentrations than the other varnishes (p < 0.0001; Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests). Enamelast and Duraphat varnishes promoted enamel surface remineralization, but no varnish remineralized the subsurface lesion body. Although insoluble and soluble fluoride concentration values did not correspond to those declared by the manufacturer, Enamelast presented higher fluoride concentration than the others.

Art of Maternal Womb Painting: term, concept, and technique / Arte de la Pintura del Vientre Materno: termo, concepto y técnica / Arte da pintura do ventre materno: termo, conceito e técnica

ABSTRACT Objective: to present the term, concept and technique of art of maternal womb painting. Method: a theoretical, exploratory and qualitative study. Results: from the results, the concept was elaborated and based on linguistic, philosophical and specialized perspective. The concept and technique of Art of Maternal Womb Painting were guided by humanism and holism. Final considerations: this study can broaden the visibility of this visual art and insert it in the obstetrics, as well as its adoption by nurses, midwives and other health professionals in humanistic and holistic care for maternal health.

RESUMEN Objetivo: presentar el término, el concepto y la técnica del arte de pintar el vientre materno. Método: estudio teórico, exploratorio y cualitativo. Resultados: a partir de los resultados, se elaboró el término, fundamentado en las perspectivas lingüística, filosófica y especializada, el concepto y la técnica del Arte de la Pintura del Vientre Materno, orientados por el humanismo y el holismo. Consideraciones finales: este estudio puede ampliar la visibilidad de esta arte visual, insertándola en el campo especializado de la obstetricia, así como su adopción por enfermeras, obstetras y otros profesionales de salud en el cuidado humanista y holístico a la salud materna.

RESUMO Objetivo: apresentar o termo, o conceito e a técnica da arte de pintar o ventre materno. Método: estudo teórico, exploratório e qualitativo. Resultados: a partir dos resultados, foram elaborados o termo, fundamentado nas perspectivas linguística, filosófica e especializada, o conceito e a técnica da Arte da Pintura do Ventre Materno, norteados pelo humanismo e o holismo. Considerações finais: este estudo pode ampliar a visibilidade desta arte visual, inserindo-a no campo especializado da obstetrícia, bem como a sua adoção por enfermeiras, obstetrizes e outros profissionais de saúde no cuidado humanista e holístico à saúde materna.

Imposex in Stramonita haemastoma from coastal sites of Cartagena, Colombia / Imposex em Stramonita haemastoma em locais costeiros de Cartagena, Colômbia

Abstract Imposex is the development of male sexual characteristics caused by the toxic effects of some chemicals that acts as an endocrinal disruptor. Antifouling paints contain these chemicals. Cartagena lacks studies to indicate the extent of imposex in its coastal waters. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of imposex in the gastropod Stramonita haemastoma in Cartagena, Colombia. Specimens were collected during 2013 from locations of high and low influence of port activity. Morphometric measurements and the frequency of the occurrence of imposex were registered. The comparison among morphometric variables showed statistically significant differences between the two sites studied. Furthermore, the females of the S. haemastoma species presented an imposex frequency of 93.1% in Birds' Island, Cartagena Bay, compared to 31.8% in La Bocana. The relative penis size index or RPLI (10.145 and 3.231) and vas deferens sequence index or VDSI (2.83 and 1.16), showed possible contamination by organotin compounds in both places.

Resumo Imposex é o desenvolvimento de características sexuais masculinas causadas por poluentes tóxicos de alguns produtos químicos que atuam como desreguladores endócrinos. Tintas anti-incrustantes são as que contêm estes produtos químicos. Cartagena carece de estudos para indicar a extensão do imposex nas suas águas costeiras. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência de imposex no gastrópode Stramonita haemastoma em Cartagena, Colômbia. Os espécimes foram coletados durante 2013 de locais de alta e baixa influência da atividade portuária. Foram registradas as medidas morfométricas e a frequência da ocorrência do imposex. A comparação entre as variáveis morfométricas mostrou diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os dois locais estudados. Além disso, as fêmeas da espécie S. haemastomaapresentaram uma frequência de imposex de 93,1% na Ilha das Aves, Baía das Cartagena, em comparação com 31,8% em La Bocana. O índice do comprimento relativo do pênis ou RPLI (10,145 e 3,231) e o índice da sequência do vaso deferente ou VDSI (2,83 e 1,16), mostraram possível contaminação por compostos organoestânicos em ambos os locais.

A arte de pintar o ventre materno: história oral de enfermeiras e obstetrizes / El arte de pintar el vientre materno: la historia oral de las enfermeras y parteras / The art of maternal womb painting: oral history of nurses and midwives

Resumo Objetivou-se, neste estudo, descrever quando, como e por que a enfermeira e a obstetriz aplicam a pintura no ventre de gestantes. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, de abordagem qualitativa, na qual foi adotado o método da história oral temática. Participaram sete profissionais de saúde que aplicam a pintura no ventre e atendem gestantes no Brasil. A coleta ocorreu por meio de entrevistas, realizadas entre os meses de janeiro e maio de 2016. Os dados foram analisados com base na análise temática de conteúdo, de Laurence Bardin. A partir dos discursos, elaborou-se uma árvore histórica da pintura no ventre e emergiram três categorias que elucidam quando, como e por que a enfermeira e a obstetriz aplicam esta arte. Conclui-se que a pintura no ventre tem sido adotada no cuidado pré-natal e dentro da maternidade como estratégia de educação em saúde e na promoção do bem-estar materno e familiar.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue describir cuándo, cómo y por qué la enfermera y la partera aplican la pintura en el vientre de mujeres embarazadas. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio cualitativo, donde se adoptó la metodología de la historia oral temática. Participaron siete profesionales de salud, los cuales aplican la pintura en vientre y atienden a mujeres embarazadas en Brasil. La recolección de datos ocurrió a través de entrevistas, realizadas entre Enero y Mayo de 2016. Los datos fueron analizados de conformidad con el análisis temático de contenido, de Laurence Bardin. A partir de los informes, ha sido elaborado un árbol histórico de la pintura en el vientre, junto a eso emergieron tres categorías las cuales aclaran cuándo, cómo y por qué la enfermera y partera aplican este arte. Se concluye que la pintura en el vientre ha sido adoptada en la atención prenatal y también dentro de la maternidad como estrategia de educación en salud, además de promover el bienestar materno y familiar.

Abstract The present study aimed to describe when, how and why the nurse and the midwife apply the painting on pregnant wombs. It was an exploratory research, qualitative approach, in which thematic oral history was adopted as method. Seven health professionals, who apply painting on the womb and attend pregnant women in Brazil, took part of it. The data provided through interviews conducted between January and May 2016. Data were examined based on the thematic analysis of content, of Laurence Bardin. From the interviews, historical tree of womb painting has been drawn up and three categories emerged, which clarify when, how and why the nurse and the midwife apply this art. The womb painting has been adopted in the prenatal care and in the maternity as a strategy for health education and the promotion of maternal and family well-being.

Arte da pintura do ventre materno e vinculação pré-natal / Art of maternal womb painting and antenatal attachment / El arte de la pintura del vientre materno y el vínculo prenatal

Resumo Introdução A Arte da Pintura do Ventre Materno é uma técnica aplicada no abdome da gestante na qual são representados, objetivamente, o bebê imaginário e outros elementos da gestação. Objetivou-se, nesta pesquisa, compreender o significado da vivência da Arte da Pintura do Ventre Materno para gestantes. Materiais e Métodos Estudo exploratório, do tipo antes e depois, qualitativo, desenvolvido em Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. O grupo estudado incluiu 10 gestantes, com idade gestacional de 24 semanas ou mais. A produção dos dados envolveu: Arte da Pintura do Ventre Materno, fotografia, diário de campo e entrevistas, analisadas com base na análise temática de conteúdo, proposta por Laurence Bardin. Resultados Emergiram duas categorias: 1) A Arte da Pintura do Ventre Materno promove experiências do núcleo subjetivo da vinculação ou de amor; 2) Comportamentos maternos positivos gerados pela Arte da Pintura do Ventre Materno. Discussão A interpretação dos dados, fundamentada na teoria de John Condon, possibilitou elaborar um modelo hierárquico da experiência subjetiva da vinculação ou de amor da gestante com o bebê, mediada pela Arte da Pintura do Ventre Materno. Esta técnica artística, associada a uma abordagem humanista, revela-se como uma boa opção de cuidado a ser implementada na atenção à saúde materna. Conclusões O significado atribuído pelas gestantes à vivência da Arte da Pintura do Ventre Materno indica que a técnica promoveu a experiência do núcleo subjetivo da vinculação ou de amor com o bebê, elucidando o seu potencial na promoção da vinculação pré-natal.

Abstract Introduction The Art of Maternal Womb Painting is a technique applied to the abdomen of the pregnant woman in which the imaginary baby and other elements related to the pregnancy are represented objectively. This research aimed to understand the meaning of the experience of the Art of Maternal Womb Painting for pregnant women. Materials and Methods Exploratory study, before and after, qualitative, developed in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. The group studied included 10 pregnant women, with gestational age of 24 weeks or more. The collected data involved: Art of Maternal Womb Painting, photography, field diary and interviews, analyzed based on the thematic content analysis, by Laurence Bardin. Results Two categories emerged: 1) The Art of Maternal Womb Painting promotes experiences of the subjective core of attachment or love; 2) Positive maternal behaviors generated by the Art of Maternal Womb Painting. Discussion The interpretation of the data, based on the theory of Condon, made it possible to elaborate a hierarchical model of the subjective experience of the attachment or love of the pregnant woman with the baby, mediated by the Art of Maternal Womb Painting. This artistic technique, associated with a humanist approach, is a good care option to be implemented in maternal health care. Conclusions The meaning recognized by pregnant women who experienced of the Art of Maternal Womb Painting indicates that the technique promoted the subjective core experience of attachment or love with the baby, elucidating its potential in promoting antenatal attachment.

Resumen Introducción El Arte de la Pintura del Vientre Materno es una técnica aplicada en el abdomen de la gestante en la cual son representados objetivamente el bebé imaginario y otros elementos de la gestación. El objetivo de esta investigación fue comprender el significado de la vivencia del Arte de la Pintura del Vientre Materno para gestantes. Materiales y Métodos Estudio exploratorio, del tipo antes y después, cualitativo, desarrollado en Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. El grupo estudiado incluyó 10 gestantes, con edad gestacional de 24 semanas o más. La producción de los datos involucró: Arte de la Pintura del Vientre Materno, fotografía, diario de campo y entrevistas, analizadas con base en el análisis temático de contenido, propuesta por Laurence Bardin. Resultados Emergieron dos categorías: 1) El arte de la Pintura del Vientre Materno promueve experiencias del núcleo subjetivo de la vinculación o de amor; 2) Comportamientos maternos positivos generados por el Arte de la Pintura del Vientre Materno. Discusión La interpretación de los datos fundamentada en la teoría de John Condon, posibilitó elaborar un modelo jerárquico de la experiencia subjetiva de la vinculación o de amor de la gestante con el bebé, mediada por el Arte de la Pintura del Vientre Materno. Esta técnica artística asociada a un enfoque humanista, se revela como una buena opción de cuidado a ser implementada en la atención a la salud materna. Conclusiones El significado atribuido por las gestantes a la vivencia del Arte de la Pintura del Vientre Materno indica que la técnica promovió la experiencia del núcleo subjetivo de la vinculación o de amor con el bebé, explicando su potencial en la promoción del vínculo prenatal.

Factors Associated With Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Children

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and correlates of elevated blood lead level inchildren (6-144 months) of Aligarh. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study wasconducted. Venous blood was obtained for lead estimation and a structured questionnairewas filled. Results: A total of 260 children were enrolled. The prevalence of elevated bloodlead level was 44.2%, seen mostly in children below 5 years of age. Old and deteriorating wallpaints at home was found to be significantly associated with elevated levels. Conclusions:Lead-based house paints are potential source of lead exposure. Meticulous renovation andpainting of the walls with safe paints is desirable

Application of occupational hazard risk index model in occupational health risk assessment in a decorative coating manufacturing enterprises / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the occupational health risk of decorative coating manufacturing enterprises and to explore the applicability of occupational hazard risk index model in the health risk assessment, so as to provide basis for the health management of enterprises.@*Methods@#A decorative coating manufacturing enterprise in Hebei Province was chosen as research object, following the types of occupational hazards and contact patterns, the occupational hazard risk index model was used to evaluate occupational health risk factors of occupational hazards in the key positions of the decorative coating manufacturing enterprise, and measured with workplace test results and occupational health examination.@*Results@#The positions of oily painters, water-borne painters, filling workers and packers who contacted noise were moderate harm. And positions of color workers who contacted chromic acid salts, oily painters who contacted butyl acetate were mild harm. Other positions were harmless. The abnormal rate of contacting noise in physical examination results was 6.25%, and the abnormality was not checked by other risk factors.@*Conclusion@#The occupational hazard risk index model can be used in the occupational health risk assessment of decorative coating manufacturing enterprises, and noise was the key harzard among occupational harzards in this enterprise.

Avaliação da frequência cardíaca materna, fetal e neonatal e sua variabilidade em equinos da raça Paint Horse / Maternal, fetal and neonatal heart rate evaluation and its variability in the Paint Horse breed

Os objetivos deste estudo foram descrever a frequência cardíaca (FC) e os índices de variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) materna e fetal no terço final da gestação, bem como descrever a evolução do desenvolvimento do sistema nervoso autônomo durante o período fetal e neonatal. Foram avaliados 20 animais de cada categoria, cujos exames eletrocardiográficos, maternos e fetais, foram realizados aos 15 e sete dias pré-parto. Quanto ao eletrocardiograma neonatal, os momentos avaliados foram ao nascimento até as primeiras 48 horas de vida, e posteriormente, uma vez por semana até os 35 dias de idade. Ocorreram diferenças significativas na frequência cardíaca fetal (FCF) no período avaliado, porém os índices de VFC fetais não se alteraram. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nos índices de VFC materna. A média da FCF diminuiu significativamente dos 15 para sete dias do pré-parto (95,6±11,4 bpm; 83,1±12,6, respectivamente), entretanto os índices de VFC fetal não diminuíram. Os resultados obtidos da VFC fetal e neonatal deste estudo, quando comparados aos maternos, indicaram predomínio parassimpático durante a fase fetal e, simpático durante a neonatal, até a terceira e/ou quarta semanas de idade, momento no qual se inicia o equilíbrio entre os dois sistemas.(AU)

The aim of this study were to describe the heart rate (HR) and indexes of maternal and fetal heart rate variability (HRV) in final period of pregnancy, as well as to describe the evolution of the development of autonomic nervous system during fetal and neonatal period. There were 20 animals in each category, whose maternal and fetal electrocardiographic examinations were performed at 15 and 7 days antepartum. Neonatal ECG it was evaluated at birth until the first 48 hours of life, and then once a week up to 35 days. There were significant differences in fetal heart rate (FHR) during this period, but the fetal HRV indexes have not changed. There were no significant differences in the rates of maternal HRV. The mean of fetal HR decreased significantly from 15 to seven antepartum days (95.6±11.4 bpm; 83.1±12.6, respectively), though the fetal HRV indexes have not decreased. The results of fetal and neonatal HRV in the present study, when compared to maternal indicate the parasympathetic dominance during fetal and neonatal sympathetic phase during to the third and/or fourth weeks of age, at which point begins the modulation of the two systems.(AU)

A clinical study of SIMI mouthguard paint in the treatment of enamel demineralization during orthodontic therapy with fixed applince / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of SIMI mouthguard paint(test group) in the treatment of enamel demineralization during orthodontic therapy with fixed applince.Methods:152 cases underwent orthodontic therapy with fixed applince were included in a randomized,open,positive control trial,and were treated by SIMI and Duraphant fluoride toothpast (control group) respectively(n =76).The enamel opaque spot was observed before and 3 months after using the products.The oral mucosa reactions,asthma attacks or stomach nausea and other adverse events were recorded.Results:150 cases (n =75) completed the trial.The results showed that the test group was non-inferior compared with the control group.No adverse event was found in both groups.Conclusion:SIMI mouthguard paint is effective in control of enamel demineralization during orthodontic therapy with fixed applince.

Imposex in Stramonita haemastoma from coastal sites of Cartagena, Colombia

Abstract Imposex is the development of male sexual characteristics caused by the toxic effects of some chemicals that acts as an endocrinal disruptor. Antifouling paints contain these chemicals. Cartagena lacks studies to indicate the extent of imposex in its coastal waters. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of imposex in the gastropod Stramonita haemastoma in Cartagena, Colombia. Specimens were collected during 2013 from locations of high and low influence of port activity. Morphometric measurements and the frequency of the occurrence of imposex were registered. The comparison among morphometric variables showed statistically significant differences between the two sites studied. Furthermore, the females of the S. haemastoma species presented an imposex frequency of 93.1% in Birds Island, Cartagena Bay, compared to 31.8% in La Bocana. The relative penis size index or RPLI (10.145 and 3.231) and vas deferens sequence index or VDSI (2.83 and 1.16), showed possible contamination by organotin compounds in both places.

Resumo Imposex é o desenvolvimento de características sexuais masculinas causadas por poluentes tóxicos de alguns produtos químicos que atuam como desreguladores endócrinos. Tintas anti-incrustantes são as que contêm estes produtos químicos. Cartagena carece de estudos para indicar a extensão do imposex nas suas águas costeiras. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência de imposex no gastrópode Stramonita haemastoma em Cartagena, Colômbia. Os espécimes foram coletados durante 2013 de locais de alta e baixa influência da atividade portuária. Foram registradas as medidas morfométricas e a frequência da ocorrência do imposex. A comparação entre as variáveis morfométricas mostrou diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os dois locais estudados. Além disso, as fêmeas da espécie S. haemastomaapresentaram uma frequência de imposex de 93,1% na Ilha das Aves, Baía das Cartagena, em comparação com 31,8% em La Bocana. O índice do comprimento relativo do pênis ou RPLI (10,145 e 3,231) e o índice da sequência do vaso deferente ou VDSI (2,83 e 1,16), mostraram possível contaminação por compostos organoestânicos em ambos os locais.