ABSTRACT
Resumen La escala Parenting Stress Index-4-Short Form (PSI-4-SF) es uno de los instrumentos más utilizados en la medición del estrés parental en el ámbito de la investigación sobre este tema. El propósito de este estudio fue analizar la estructura factorial y confiabilidad de una versión traducida y adaptada a la población mexicana. Los reactivos de la prueba fueron traducidos y adaptados al español, utilizando el procedimiento estándar de traducción y retraducción. Participaron voluntariamente 332 mujeres entre 18 y 51 años de edad (M=34.27 D.E.=7.34) que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión; quienes contestaron individualmente la escala en línea. Mediante Análisis Factorial Exploratorio, emergieron dos factores que explicaron el 50.26% de la varianza (KMO=.848): Factor I Distrés parental (33.26% de la varianza explicada, α ordinal= .822) y Factor II Malestar por el cuidado de los hijos (17% de la varianza explicada, α ordinal= .869). En esta adaptación sólo se conservaron 20 de los 36 reactivos que constituyen la escala original. Con lo obtenido se plantea la posibilidad de una medición eficaz del estrés parental en madres de preescolares en población mexicana, lo que permite continuar con esta línea de investigación.
Abstract Some studies have pointed out that parental stress has a greater capacity to affect the upbringing and development of children, than the presence of stress in any other area of life. The most recognized theory on parental stress is the one developed by Abidin, which describes three components: "parents"; "child"; and the "parent-child relationship". The Parenting Stress Index-4-Short Form (PSI-4-SF) is one of the most widely used measures in the field of parental stress research. Despite its widespread use, no consensus has been reached on the items that make up each of the three dimensions. There is a lack of a valid and reliable version of this scale that can be use in Mexican population. The purpose of the present study was to: Culturally translate and adapt the PSI4-SF into Spanish, and to test the construct validity (factor structure) and reliability of the adapted version to the Mexican population. The test items were translated and adapted to Spanish, using a standard forward- and back-translation procedure. Voluntary participants were 332 women between 18 and 51 years of age (M=34.27 SD=7.34) who met the inclusion criteria, they answered the scale online. Internal consistency and factor structure were assessed. By Exploratory Factor Analysis two factors emerged that explained 50.26% of the variance (KMO=.848): Factor I (33.26% of the variance explained, α ordinal= .822) and Factor II (17% of the variance explained, α ordinal= .869), retaining only 20 of the 36 items that constitute the original scale. An equivalent Spanish version of the PSI-4-SF was obtained with good evidence of reliability and validity. These results suggest the possibility of an effective measurement of parental stress in mothers of preschoolers in the Mexican population.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between sustained attention deficits in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) children and short-term Heart Rate Variability(HRV) parameters. In addition, we evaluate the relationship between The ADHD rating scale(ARS), the computerized ADHD diagnostic system(ADS) and Parenting stress index-short form(PSI-SF). METHODS: This study was performed in the department of children and Adolescent psychiatry, Korea university Guro hospital from august 2008 to January 2009. We evaluated HRV parameters by short-term recordings of 5 minutes. K-ARS and ADS are used for screening and identifying ADHD children. Intelligence was measured using Korean educational Developmental Institute-wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. The caregivers Complete Parenting Stress Index scale for evaluation parent stress. RESULTS: The low frequency(LF) was significantly correlated with response variability of ADS. However, the other variables of ARS and ADS were not significantly correlated with LF. Hyperactivity subscale of ARS was significantly correlated with parental distress subscale and difficult child subscale of PSI-SF and inattention subscale of ARS was also significantly correlated with dysfunctional interaction and difficult child subscale of PSI-SF. CONCLUSION: The LF, 0.10-Hz component of HRV is known to measure effort allocation. This study shows that the LF component of HRV is significantly correlated with the response variability of ADS. This means that more severe symptoms of ADHD were correlated with the increase in the LF that means decreased effort allocation. These results also support the clinical usability of HRV in the assessment of ADHD. Furthermore, PSI-SF is correlated with hyperactivity and inattention variables of ARS.