The mediating effect of personality traits between job stress and mental symptoms among firefighters / 中国职业医学

ObjectiveTo explore the mediating effect of personality traits between job stress and mental symptoms among firefighters. Methods A total of 974 firefighters in Shandong Province were selected as the research subjects using convenience sampling method. The Job Stress Scale, Brief Version of Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory and Symptom Checklist 90 were used to investigate their job stress, personality traits and mental symptoms. Results Job stress was found at a relatively high level in 39.7% of the firefighters, and 19.2% of the firefighters had high level of neurotic personality trait tendency. The positive detection rate of mental symptoms was 9.9% among firefighters. The score of job stress of the firefighters had a positive correlation with neuroticism and the score of mental symptoms (all P<0.01). The score of job stress and mental symptoms of the firefighters had a negative correlation with the personality traits score of extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness (all P<0.05). Neuroticism played a partially positive mediating effect between job stress and mental symptoms, and its mediating effect accounted for 39.6% of the total effect. Extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness played a partially negative mediating effect between work stress and mental symptoms, and the mediating effect accounted for 12.0%, 17.8% and 8.4% of the total effect respectively. There was no mediating effect of openness between job stress and mental symptoms. Conclusion Neurotic personality trait may enhance the negative effects of work stress on firefighters' mental health.

Influence of personality traits， resilience and coping style on the efficacy of sertraline treatment in female adolescents with first-episode depressive disorder / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundDepressive disorders are prevalence among adolescents， with a higher incidence in females compared to males， often accompanied by more severe depressive symptoms. Sertraline is commonly prescribed for adolescent depressive disorder， however， its efficacy is only evident in certain patients. Currently， there is limited research on predicting the therapeutic efficacy of sertraline in female adolescents with depressive disorder. ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between personality traits， psychological resilience， coping style and the clinical efficacy of sertraline treatment in female adolescents with first-episode depressive disorder， in order to provide references for the treatment of this population. MethodsA total of 112 female adolescent patients with first-episode depressive disorder， meeting the diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Diseases （tenth edition） （ICD-10）， and undergoing a 4-week treatment regimen with sertraline， were selected from the Second People's Hospital of Guizhou Province from February 2019 to January 2021.General demographic questionnaire， NEO Five-Factor Inventory （NEO-FFI）， Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents （RSCA）， Coping Style Scale for Middle School Students （CSSMSS）， Hamilton Anxiety Scale （HAMA） and Hamilton Depression Scale-17 item （HAMD-17） were used for assessment. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the factors influencing the clinical efficacy of sertraline in the treatment of female adolescents with first-episode depressive disorder. ResultsNeuroticism （β=-0.115， 95% CI： 0.807~0.984） could negatively predicted the therapeutic efficacy of sertraline in female adolescents with first-episode depressive disorder， whereas agreeableness （β=0.129， 95% CI： 1.025~1.264） and RSCA score （β=0.062， 95% CI： 1.004~1.128） could positively predict its therapeutic efficacy. ConclusionHigh neuroticism， low agreeableness and low psychological resilience may be the risk factors for the poor therapeutic effect of sertraline in the treatment of female adolescents with first-episode depressive disorder. ［Funded by 2019 Guiyang Science and Technology Program （number， Zhuke Contract ［2019］9-3-1）］

The relationship between premenstrual syndrome and personality traits in university students

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine the relationship between personality traits and premenstrual syndrome in university students METHOD: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 616 female university students between February and June 2020. RESULTS: The Premenstrual Syndrome Scale score was determined as a mean of 125.40±25.41. According to linear regression analysis, extrovert/introvert personality traits, emotional balance/neuroticism, and consistent/inconsistent personality traits were statistically significant predictive factors of premenstrual syndrome. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrated that two-thirds of the students had premenstrual syndrome and personality traits affected premenstrual syndrome. It is recommended that attention should be paid to personality traits when coping with premenstrual syndrome.

The relationship between women's personality traits and fear of childbirth, birth satisfaction, and postpartum depression

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine the relationship between women's personality traits and their fear of childbirth, birth satisfaction, and postpartum depression. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted between April and August 2022 among healthy third-trimester pregnant women aged 18-49 years who applied to the obstetrics and gynecology outpatient clinic of a state hospital. Data were collected by the researchers by face-to-face interview method in three stages. Participants were administered the Personal Information Form, the Five-Factor Personality Scale, and the Birth Anticipation/Experience Scale at the first interview; the Birth Satisfaction Scale on the 10th day after normal birth; and the Edinburg Postpartum Depression Scale 4 weeks after birth. RESULTS: There was a significant positive correlation between neurotic personality traits and fear of childbirth and postpartum depression, while there was a negative correlation with other personality traits (p<0.001). There was no significant relationship between birth satisfaction and personality traits (p>0.05). The effect of personality traits on fear of childbirth and postpartum depression was analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis. The regression model tested for the effect of personality traits on fear of childbirth and postpartum depression was found significant (p<0.001). According to the model, 26% of the variability in fear of childbirth and 9.1% of the variability in postpartum depression were explained by personality traits. CONCLUSION: This study showed that neuroticism, which is one of the personality traits of women, had a positive effect on fear of childbirth and postpartum depression. No significant relationship was found between birth satisfaction and personality traits.

Padrões de conduta antissocial e socialização em jovens escolares do sexo feminino / Patterns of antisocial behavior and socialization in young female school teenagers

A taxa de condutas delituosas oficiais praticadas por meninas jovens tem aumentado nos últimos anos. Embora a literatura sugira um viés de gênero nesse fenômeno, ainda predominam estudos voltados ao sexo masculino. O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar associações entre os aspectos de personalidade do fator Socialização, compatível com traços do Modelo dos Cinco Grandes Fatores, e condutas antissociais (delituosas e divergentes) em jovens escolares do sexo feminino. Uma amostra de 549 jovens respondeu ao Questionário de Comportamentos Juvenis (QCJ) e à Escala Fatorial de Socialização (EFS). A partir das pontuações obtidas na EFS, os dados da amostra foram agrupados, havendo formação de três clusters, com diferentes níveis de engajamento em condutas antissociais. Maior frequência e diversidade de condutas antissociais estiveram associadas a menores níveis de Amabilidade, Pró-Sociabilidade e Confiança nas Pessoas, sugerindo relação entre os aspectos de personalidade e as condutas antissociais avaliadas. São discutidas também possíveis implicações de outros fatores nessa relação.

The rate of official misconduct cases involving young girls have increased in recent years. Although the literature suggests a gender gap in this phenomenon, studies focusing on males still predominate. The present study had as objective verifying the relation between personality aspects of the Socialization factor, compatible with the characteristics of the Big Five Factors Model, and the commitment of antisocial behaviors (criminal and divergent) by young female students. To this end, a sample of 549 adolescents answered the Questionário de Comportamentos Juvenis (QCJ) and the Escala Fatorial de Socialização (EFS). Based on the results obtained in the EFS, the sample was divided into three clusters. Greater frequency and diversity of antisocial behaviors were associated with lower levels of Agreeableness, Pro-Sociability and Trust in People, suggesting a relationship between personality aspects and the antisocial behaviors evaluated. Possible implications of other factors in this relationship are also discussed.

Association Between Suicidal Behaviour and Cannabis and Tranquilizer use, Depression, Aggression and Other Borderline Personality Traits Among Students in Sincelejo, Colombia

Objective: This objective of this study is to examine the association between suicidal behaviour and substance use, depression, aggressiveness and borderline personality traits among adolescents from Sincelejo, a rural city in the north of Colombia. Methods: This cross sectional study included 352 participants selected by purposive sampling, from a public and a private school located in Sincelejo, Sucre district, in the north of Colombia. Students ages ranged from 12 to 18 years old (mean, 15.09 ± 1.82). The participants completed three screening tools: a socio-demographic questionnaire, a screening instrument to collect information related to the frequency of use of some substances, such as tobacco and cannabis, and a self-report inventory to assess various personality and psychopathology domains. A series of t-tests, ANOVA and linear regression analyses were conducted. Results: Physical aggression (t = 7.74; p < 0.01), cognitive depression (t = 5.03; p < 0.01), affective depression (t = 8.24; p <0.01), affective instability (t = 3.46; p <0.01), few social relationships (t = 3.36; p < 0.01), self-harm (t = 3.45; p< .01), cannabis and tranquilizer use (t = 2.83; p < 0.05; and t = 2.37; p <0.05) had a significant independent relationship with suicidal behaviour. Aggression (t = 2.59; p <0.05), components of depression (t = 9.03; p <0.01) and borderline personality traits (t = 4.12; p <0.01) also predicted suicidal behaviour. Conclusions: More longitudinal studies are needed in this area to identify the causal relations between the factors studied and the suicidal behaviour of young people in Sincelejo.

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es examinar la asociación del comportamiento suicida con el consumo de sustancias, síntomas depresivos, agresividad y rasgos de personalidad límite en adolescentes de Sincelejo (Sucre), una ciudad rural del norte de Colombia. Métodos: Este estudio transversal incluyó a 352 participantes seleccionados por muestreo intencional de una escuela pública y privada ubicada en Sincelejo, distrito de Sucre, en el norte de Colombia. Las edades de los estudiantes oscilaron entre los 12 y los 18 anos (media, 15,09 ± 1,82). Los participantes completaron 3 instrumentos de cribado: uno de datos sociodemográficos, uno sobre consumo de algunas sustancias, tales como tabaco y cannabis, y su frecuencia y un instrumento de autoinforme para evaluar varios dominios de la personalidad y algunas psicopatologías. Se realizaron una serie de pruebas de la t, ANOVA y análisis de regresión lineal. Resultados: La agresión física (t = 7,74; p <0,01), el componente cognitivo de la depresión (t = 5,03; p <0,01), el componente afectivo de la depresión (t = 8,24; p <0,01), la inestabilidad afectiva (t = 3,46, p < 0,01), las pocas relaciones sociales (t = 3,36, p < 0,01), las autolesiones (p <0,01; t = 3,45, p <0,01), el cannabis (t = 2,83; p <0,05) y la toma de tranquilizantes (t = 2,37; p <0,05), se asociaron con el comportamiento suicida. La agresión (t = 2,59; p <0,05), los componentes de la depresión (t = 9,03; p <0,01) y los rasgos de personalidad límite (t = 4,12, p <0,01) predijeron el comportamiento suicida. Conclusiones: Se requieren más estudios longitudinales en esta área con el fin de identificar las relaciones causales entre los factores estudiados y el comportamiento suicida de los jóvenes en Sincelejo.

Diseño y validación de un instrumento para evaluar comportamiento contraproducente online. Rasgos de personalidad como predictores de dichas conductas / Design and Validation of an Instrument to Assess Online Counterproductive Behavior. Personality Traits as Predictors of these Behaviors / Desenho e validação de um instrumento para avaliação de comportamento contraproducente online. Traços de personalidade como preditores de tais comportamentos

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo el diseño y vali- dación de una escala para evaluar comportamiento con- traproducente en línea que incluye el análisis conjunto de conductas destructivas (antisociales) y constructivas (prosociales). Además, se propuso determinar qué ras- gos de personalidad (normales, patológicos, negativos o positivos) predicen dicho comportamiento. Participaron 351 sujetos de población general argentina (156 hombres, 191 mujeres, 2 se identificaron como no binarios), con una edad promedio de 39.35 años (de = 13.79). Para el cumplimiento de todos los objetivos, aparte de la prueba construida, se emplearon los siguientes instrumentos: Big Five Inventory, Personality Inven- tory for DSM-5 Brief-Form, Positive Traits Inventory Short-Form, Dark Triad Scale, y una encuesta diseñada ad hoc para evaluar el uso de internet y redes sociales. El análisis factorial exploratorio reveló una estructura de dos factores orientados a la evaluación de los dos tipos de conductas, que explicaban el 57.5 % de la varianza total. Como resultado, se dio lugar a una escala de 18 ítems con muy buenos valores de fiabilidad ­coeficiente omega­ (conductas destructivas ω = 0.88; conductas constructivas ω = 0.79). Por último, se realizaron análisis de regresión jerárquica que determinaron que los rasgos de la tríada oscura son los que mejor predicen el desarrollo de conductas destructivas, en tanto que los rasgos positivos predicen las conductas constructivas. Palabras clave: rasgos de personalidad; comportamiento en línea; antisocial; prosocial.

The present study aimed to design and validate a scale to assess online counterproductive behavior that includes the joint analysis of destructive (antisocial) and constructive (prosocial) behaviors. In addition, it was studied which personality traits (normal, pathological, negative or positive) predict this counterproductive behavior. 351 subjects from the general Argentine population participated (156 men, 191 women, 2 identified themselves as non-binary), with an average age of 39.35 years (SD = 13.79). In order to achieve the objectives, in addition to the constructed test, the follow- ing instruments were used: Personality Inventory for dSM-5 Brief-Form, Positive Traits Inventory Short-Form, Dark Triad Scale, and a survey designed ad hoc to assess internet and social media sites use. The exploratory factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure ­oriented to the evaluation of the two types of behaviors­ that explained 57.5 % of the total variance. As a result, a scale of 18 items with very good reliability values ­omega coefficient­ (destructive behaviors ω = 0.88; constructive behaviors ω = 0.79) was developed. Finally, hierarchical regression analyzes were performed. The results showed that the Dark Triad traits best predict destructive behaviors, while positive traits predict constructive behaviors.

O objetivo deste estudo foi a concepção e validação de uma escala para avaliar o comportamento on-line contraproducente que inclui a análise conjunta de com- portamentos destrutivos (antissociais) e construtivos (pró-sociais). Além disso, foi proposto determinar quais traços de personalidade (normal, patológico, negativo ou positivo) predizem tal comportamento. Participaram 351 sujeitos da população geral argentina (156 homens, 191 mulheres, 2 identificados como não binários), com idade média de 39.35 anos (dP = 13.79). Para atender a todos os objetivos, além do teste cons- truído, foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: Big Five Inventory, Personality Inventory for DSM- 5 Brief-Form, Positive Traits Inventory Short-Form, Dark Triad Scale e um questionário elaborado ad hoc para avaliar o uso da internet e das redes sociais. A análise fatorial exploratória revelou uma estrutura de dois fatores orientada para a avaliação dos dois tipos de comportamentos, que explicaram 57.5 % da variância total. Como resultado, foi criada uma escala de 18 itens com valores de confiabilidade muito bons ­coeficiente ômega­ (comportamentos destrutivos ω = 0.88; comportamentos construtivos ω = 0.79). Por fim, foram realizadas análises de regressão hie- rárquica, que determinaram que os traços da Tríade escura predizem melhor o desenvolvimento de comportamentos destrutivos, enquanto os traços positivos predizem comportamentos construtivos

Urban-rural differentials in the relationship between personality traits and changes in depressive symptoms / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#The prevalence of depressive symptoms has become a significant public health issue in China. Research on the relationship between personality traits and changes in depressive symptoms, as well as further exploration of urban-rural differences, not only benefits for the understanding of the prevalence trend of depression in China, but also provides a useful reference for the government to develop personalized mental health prevention strategies.@*METHODS@#Based on the data from the China Family Panel Studies in 2018 and 2020, a univariate analysis was conducted on 16 198 Chinese residents aged 18 years and above. Five dimensions of personality traits were conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism and openness. In the study, 16 198 residents were divided into "keep good group", "better group", "worse group" and "keep bad group" according to the changes in depressive symptoms in 2018 and 2020. After controlling for factors, such as gender and education, multinomial Logistic regression analysis was used to examine whether personality traits were associated with changes in depressive symptoms. In addition, we evaluated whether urban-rural and personality traits interacted to influence depressive symptoms.@*RESULTS@#The five dimensions of personality traits were significantly correlated with changes in depressive symptoms. Conscientiousness, extroversion, and agreeableness were negatively associated with depressive symptoms, while neuroticism and openness were positively related. Urban and rural differences moderated the relationship between personality traits and depressive symptoms. Compared with urban residents, rural residents showed stronger correlations between neuroticism (OR=1.14; 95%CI: 1.00-1.30) and the group of depression-recovery, as well as conscientiousness (OR=0.79;95%CI: 0.68-0.93) and the group of persistent-depression.@*CONCLUSION@#The study finds that personality traits have a significant correlation with changes in depressive symptoms, with certain traits showing a negative or positive relationship. Specifically, higher levels of conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness are associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms, while higher levels of neuroticism and openness are associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. In addition, the study finds that rural residents have a stronger association between their personality traits and persistent or improved depressive symptoms, which highlights the need for tailoring mental health intervention and prevention programs that should take into account personality traits and urban-rural differences in China. By developing targeted strategies that are sensitive to personality differences and geographic disparities, policymakers and mental health professionals can help prevent and reduce the incidence of depressive symptoms, ultimately improving the overall well-being of Chinese adults. Meanwhile, additional studies in independent populations are needed to corroborate the findings of this study.

The mediating effect of empathy between nursing students' personality traits and attitude towards death / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the mediating effect of empathy between personality traits and death attitude in nursing students.Methods:From April to May 2022, a total of 237 undergraduate nursing students were surveyed by general information questionnaire, big five inventory, Jefferson scale of empathy for nursing students, and death attitude profile-revised. Common method bias test, correlation analysis and descriptive analysis were conducted by SPSS 26.0 software.PROCESS macro program was used to test the mediating effect.Results:Agreeableness(32.78±4.92), empathy(110.03±16.83)were positively correlated with positive death attitude(57.95±12.35)( r=0.274, 0.571, both P<0.01), neuroticism(23.00±4.78)was positively correlated with negative death attitude(31.81±10.04)( r=0.199, P<0.01), empathy was negatively correlated with negative death attitude ( r=-0.226, P<0.01). Empathy partially mediated the relationship between neuroticism and negative death attitude, the mediating effect accounted for 16.08%(0.032/0.199) of the total effect, and empathy played a completely mediating role between the agreeableness and positive death attitude. Conclusion:The death attitude of undergraduate nursing students is mainly natural acceptance. Personality traits can directly affect death attitude and also indirectly affect death attitude through empathy.

Agressividade e psicopatia: um estudo comparativo entre detentos e adolescentes / Aggression and psychopathy: a comparative study between prisoners and adolescents / Agresividad y psicopatía: un estudio comparativo entre prisionesros y adolescentes

A agressividade e a psicopatia estão relacionadas com o funcionamento do córtex pré-frontal (CPF), cuja maturação leva aproximadamente 21 anos. Assim, objetivou-se identificar a existência de diferenças entre um grupo de adolescentes, com no máximo 20 anos de idade, e um grupo de detentos no tocante ao nível de agressividade e psicopatia. Para tanto, contou-se com a participação de 48 detentos do sexo masculino, com idade média de 34,6 (DP = 8,68) e 48 adolescentes do sexo masculino, com idade média de 17,75 (DP = 1,15). Os participantes responderam ao Questionário de Agressão de Buss-Perry, a Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy scale (LSRS) e a um questionário sociodemográfico. Os resultados dos testes Mann-Whitney e teste t de student indicaram a existência de diferenças significativas apenas para a psicopatia secundária, sendo mais característica em detentos. Os achados foram discutidos considerando a relação do desenvolvimento do CPF com fatores ambientais

Aggression and psychopathy are prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity-related and the maturation of this region takes approximately 21 years. Our aim was to assess differences in aggression and psychopathy levels between an adolescent group (máx age 20) and a prisoner group. It counted with a sample of 48 male prisoners mean aged 34,6 (SD = 3.66) and 48 male adolescents mean aged 17,75 (SD = 1.5). The participants answered the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire; the Levenson Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (LSRS) and a demographic questionnaire. The Mann-Whitney test and the Student's t-test results shown significant differences only for secondary psychopathy, which was higher in the prisoner group. Our findings were discussed considering the relationship between the PFC development and external factors

La agresividad y la psicopatía están relacionadas con el funcionamiento de la corteza prefrontal (CPF), cuya maduración tarda aproximadamente 21 años. Por lo tanto, el objetivo era identificar la existencia de diferencias entre un grupo de adolescentes, con un máximo de 20 años de edad, y un grupo de prisioneros, con respecto al nivel de agresión y psicopatía. Para ello, participaron del estudio 48 prisioneros de sexo masculino, con una edad promedio de 34,6 (DE = 8,68) y 48 adolescentes de sexo masculino, con una edad promedio de 17,75 (DE = 1,15). Los participantes respondieron al Cuestionario de Agresión de Buss-Perry, al Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy scale ­ LSRS y a un cuetionario sociodemográfico. Los resultados de los testes de Mann-Whitney y de t de Student indicaron diferencias significativas solo para la psicopatía secundaria, siendo más característicos en los prisioneros. Los hallazgos se discutieron como base en la relación del desarrollo de la CPF con factores ambientales

Psychoneuroimmunologic Correlates in a Group of Men who Have Sex with Men with Risky Sexual Behaviors / Os Correlatos Psiconeuroimunológicos em um Grupo de Homens que Fazem Sexo com Homens com Comportamentos Sexuais de Risco

ABSTRACT This work aims to know what correlations can be found among psychological, neuropsychological, neurobiological, and immunological measures in a group of men who have sex with men negative for anti-HIV-1/2 antibodies which have sexual risk behaviors. Statistically significant correlations were found among certain behavioral, emotional, personality, neurobiological, and immunological variables. The circuit of interactions among depression, stress, neuroticism, and conscientiousness stands out, which could indirectly explain risky sexual behavior. In summary, there is a relationship between personality characteristics, mood disorders, risk behaviors, and an activated T cell profile.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho é conhecer as correlações que podem ser encontradas entre as medidas psicológicas, neuropsicológicas, neurobiológicas e imunológicas em um grupo de homens que fazem sexo com homens com HIV-1/2 anti-corpos-negativos que se envolvem em comportamentos sexuais de risco. Foram encontradas correlações estatisticamente significativas entre certas variáveis comportamentais, emocionais, de personalidade, neurobiológicas e imunológicas. Destaca-se o circuito de interações entre depressão, estresse, neuroticismo e responsabilidade, que poderia explicar indiretamente o comportamento sexual de risco. Em resumo, há uma relação entre características de personalidade, distúrbios de humor, comportamentos de risco e um perfil de célula T ativado.

NEUROSCIENCE, METACOGNITION AND LANGUAGE TEACHING

Metacognition, or 'knowledge and cognition about cognitive phenomena’ is our human ability to think about the way we think and learn. By engaging in metacognition, human beings can actively manage and regulate what we do before, during and after the process or action. Although metacognitive awareness is a hidden psychological construct, it manifests itself in three ways, i.e. (i) metacognitive knowledge, (ii) metacognitive experience, and (iii) strategy use. Metacognitive knowledge includes person's knowledge, task knowledge as well as strategy knowledge. Strategy use includes language learning and language use. Metacognitive knowledge is an indicative knowledge about how one is thinking and learning can be positively or negatively influenced by internal factors such as personality traits, background strategic processes, as well as external factors such as the nature and demand of learning and communication tasks. This article focusses on how neuroscientific developments can inform teaching practice

AN INVESTIGATION OF FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS' ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS

To undertake certain business activity, turn it into profitable ones and contribute towards economic development, how good it seems to read, right? According to the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor India report, 11 percent of the Indian adult population is engaged in early-stage entrepreneurial activities out of which only 5 percent manage to establish their business that survives more than 42 months. It is secondary how many survive for longer, the main concern is how many intend to be an entrepreneur. This study aims at ?nding out the impact of demographic profile, personality traits, social and cultural factors, and educational factors affecting the intention of MBA postgraduates of MGM Institute of Management & Research, Aurangabad.

Tríade Sombria baseada em um modelo de virtudes da psicologia positiva / Dark Triad based on a virtue model of positive psychology / Tríada Oscura basada en un modelo de virtudes de la psicología positiva

A partir de investigações recentes entre variáveis consideradas socialmente desejáveis, como as forças de caráter e virtudes, deu-se início a propostas que visam a analisar como essas características se comportam quando utilizadas de maneira extrema. Um conjunto de traços conhecido por suas características extremas e antagonistas são as variáveis da tríade sombria (maquiavelismo, narcisismo e psicopatia). Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar, a partir de um modelo multivariado, a contribuição das virtudes na explicação da tríade sombria. Participaram 284 adultos, com idades entre 18 a 65 anos (M = 29,06; DP = 9,73); respondendo a Escala de Forças de Caráter e o Short Dark Triad. A partir do modelo restrito de path analysis, os resultados indicaram que as virtudes interpessoais, de coragem, de humanidade e de autorregulação explicaram as dimensões sombrias. Quando sub ou superutilizadas, as virtudes podem atuar como possíveis preditoras de comportamentos socialmente indesejáveis, vide a tríade sombria.(AU)

Based on recent investigations of variables considered socially desirable, such as character strengths and virtues, proposals have been initiated that aim to analyze how these characteristics behave when underused or overused. A set of traits known for their extreme and antagonistic characteristics are the variables of the Dark Triad (Machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy). This study aimed to analyze, from a multivariate model, the contribution of virtues in explaining the Dark Triad. Participants were 284 adults, aged 18 to 65 years (M = 29.06; SD = 9.73); who responded to the Escala de Forças de Caráter and the Short Dark Triad. Based on the restricted path analysis model, the results indicated that the interpersonal virtues, courage, humanity and self-regulation explained the dark dimensions. When underused or overused, virtues can act as possible predictors of socially undesirable behaviors, such as the Dark Triad.(AU)

Con base en recientes investigaciones entre variables consideradas socialmente deseables, como las fortalezas de carácter y virtudes, se han iniciado propuestas para analizar cómo se comportan estas características cuando se utilizan de forma extrema. Un conjunto de rasgos conocidos por sus características extremas y antagónicas son las variables de la tríada oscura (Maquiavelismo, narcisismo y psicopatía). Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la contribución de las virtudes en la explicación de la tríada oscura, a partir de un modelo multivariante. Participaron 284 adultos, de entre 18 y 65 años (M = 29.06; DS = 9.73); respondiendo a la Escala de Forças de Caráter y la Short Dark Triad. A partir del modelo de path analysis los resultados indican que las virtudes interpersonales, de valor, de humanidad y de autorregulación explican las dimensiones oscuras. Cuando se infrautilizan o se sobreutilizan, las virtudes pueden actuar como posibles predictores de comportamientos socialmente indeseables, véase la tríada oscura.(AU)

Light Triad Scale: Propriedades psicométricas da versão português-brasileira e a relação com aspectos positivos / Light Triad Scale: Psychometric properties of the Brazilian-Portuguese version and the relationship with positive aspects / Light Triad Scale: Propiedades psicométricas de la versión portugués-brasileña y la relación con aspectos positivos

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo adaptar a Light Triad Scale para o contexto brasileiro. Foram realizados dois estudos. O primeiro testou evidências de validade baseadas na estrutura interna, e o segundo, as evidências baseadas na relação com outras variáveis. A amostra foi composta por 454 participantes, com idades entre 18 e 64 anos, que responderam a Light Triad Scale, a Escala de Forças de Caráter, a Prosocial Personality Inventory e o Inventário de Competências Emocionais. O instrumento em sua versão brasileira apresentou evidências satisfatórias e demonstrou ser útil para a mensuração de traços positivos de personalidade.

This research aimed to adapt the Light Triad Scale to the Brazilian context. Two studies were carried out. The first tested for evidence based on internal structure, while the second evidence based on relations to other variables. The sample consisted of 454 participants, aged between 18 and 64 years, who responded to the Light Triad Scale, the Escala de Forças de Caráter, the Prosocial Personality Inventory, and the Inventário de Competências Emocionais. The Brazilian version of the instrument presented satisfactory evidence and proved to be useful for measuring positive personality traits.

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo adaptar la Light Triad Scale al contexto brasileño. Se realizaron dos estudios. El primero probó evidencias de validez basada en la estructura interna y el segundo, las evidencias basadas en la relación con otras variables. La muestra consistió en 454 participantes, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 64 años, que respondieron la Light Triad Scale, la Escala de Fuerzas de Carácter, la Prosocial Personality Inventory y el Inventario de Competencias Emocionales. La versión brasileña del instrumento presentó evidencias satisfactorias y demostró ser útil para medir rasgos de personalidad positivos.

Factores de personalidad y variables mediadoras en su relación con la participación política de estudiantes universitarios/as / Personality traits and mediating variables in their relationship with the political participation of colleges students

Resumen El trabajo busca validar un modelo teórico predictivo que analiza los efectos directos e indirectos de los factores de personalidad (según el modelo de los Cinco Grandes Factores) sobre la participación política (PP), incorporando variables de la hipótesis de la mediación: valores políticos, auto posicionamiento ideológico, eficacia política interna e interés por la política. Se aplicó un cuestionario a N=555 estudiantes universitarios de Córdoba, Argentina, y se realizaron correlaciones bivariadas y un análisis de caminos con las variables en estudio. El trabajo confirma la relación directa de Extraversión y el auto posicionamiento ideológico con la PP, aunque evidencia que los factores de personalidad presentan sobre todo efectos indirectos en la PP, mediados en primer lugar por valores políticos, luego interés por la política, y finalmente la eficacia política interna.

Abstract The paper's main goal is to validate a predictive theoretical model that analyzes the direct and indirect effects of personality factors (according to the Big Five Factors model) on political participation (PP), incorporating variables from the mediation hypothesis: political values, ideological self-placement, internal political efficacy and interest in politics. A questionnaire was applied to N=555 college students from Córdoba, Argentina, and bivariate correlations and path analysis were performed with the variables under study. The study confirms the direct relationship of Extraversion and ideological self-positioning with PP, although it shows that personality factors have mostly indirect effects on PP, mediated first by political values, then interest in politics, and finally the internal political efficacy.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire (CPQ) for brazilians / Adaptação transcultural do Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire (CPQ) para brasileiros / Adaptación transcultural del Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire (CPQ) para brasileños

The goals of this paper are the cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties evaluation of the Brazilian version of the Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire (CPQ), a scale that measures the tendency of a person to pursue self-demanding standards and the subjective consequences provided by achieving them or not. The original instrument was translated to Portuguese and back-translated to English. The preliminary version was judged by one of the authors of the instrument and by Brazilian specialists, producing content validity indicators. The final version was applied to a sample of 250 Brazilian undergraduate students, aged from 18 to 60 years old (M=24.9, SD=8.63), mostly female (76%). In the Exploratory Factor Analysis, data have revealed a bidimensional structure, and the other psychometric properties, such as internal consistency and validity regarding other variables, have shown adequate to the instrument. Additional analyses of unidimensional congruence reinforced the multidimensionality of the measure (AU).

Os objetivos deste artigo são a adaptação transcultural e a avaliação das propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira do Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire (CPQ), escala que avalia a tendência de a pessoa perseguir elevados padrões de exigência autoimpostos e as consequências subjetivas decorrentes de alcançá-los ou não. O instrumento original foi traduzido para o português e retrotraduzido para o inglês. A versão preliminar foi julgada por um dos autores do instrumento e por especialistas brasileiros, gerando indicadores de validade de conteúdo. A versão final foi aplicada em uma amostra de 250 estudantes universitários brasileiros, com idades entre 18 e 60 anos (M = 24,9, DP = 8,63), majoritariamente do sexo feminino (76%). Na análise fatorial exploratória, os dados revelaram uma estrutura bidimensional, e as demais propriedades psicométricas, como consistência interna e validade em relação a outras variáveis, mostraram-se adequadas para o instrumento. Análises adicionais de congruência unidimensional reforçaram a multidimensionalidade da medida (AU).

Los objetivos de este artículo son la adaptación transcultural y la evaluación de las propiedades psicométricas de la versión brasileña del Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire (CPQ), una escala que evalúa la tendencia de la persona a perseguir altos niveles de exigencia autoimpuestos y las consecuencias subjetivas resultantes de alcanzarlos o no. El instrumento original fue traducido al portugués y retrotraducido al inglés. La versión preliminar fue juzgada por uno de los autores del instrumento y por expertos brasileños, generando indicadores de validez de contenido. La versión final se aplicó a una muestra de 250 estudiantes universitarios brasileños, con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 60 años (M=24,9, DS=8,63), en su mayoría mujeres (76%). En el análisis factorial exploratorio, los datos revelaron una estructura bidimensional, y las demás propiedades psicométricas, como la consistencia interna y la validez en relación con otras variables, resultaron adecuadas para el instrumento. Análisis adicionales de congruencia unidimensional reforzaron la multidimensionalidad de la medida (AU).

Association rules between personality traits and health-promoting lifestyle in patients with glaucoma / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the association rules of personality traits and health-promoting lifestyle in patients with primary angle closure glaucoma, so as to provide advice for the synthetical treatment.Methods:From July to November 2021, a total of 117 primary angle closure glaucoma patients(acute patients n=89, chronic patients n=28) in ophthalmology department of five hospitals in Nanjing were investigated with type A behavior pattern scale, health-promoting lifestyle scale Ⅱ and general information questionnaire.Based on Weka 3.8.5, algorithm of Apriori was used to mine its association relationship. Results:(1) The total scores of type A behavior pattern scale for patients with acute and chronic types of primary angle closure glaucoma were (32.48±6.43) and (27.54±6.49) respectively.The total scores of health-promoting lifestyle scale Ⅱ were (101.69±11.83) and (97.79±7.78) respectively.(2) There were positive associations among patients with acute primary angle closure glaucoma, type A/A-personality (including impatience and hostility) and health-promoting lifestyle (including stress management disorder, interpersonal relationship management disorder, well sense of health responsibility and adequate dietary nutrition intake)(all support>0.1, confidence >0.6, lift >1.0). And patients with chronic primary angle closure glaucoma were associated with B/B-personality (including patience and mild), health-promoting lifestyle (including stress management disorder, interpersonal relationship management disorder, well sense of health responsibility and adequate dietary nutrition intake)(all support>0.1, confidence >0.6, lift >1.0).Conclusion:Primary angle closure glaucoma is strongly related with personality traits and health-promoting lifestyle.Its synthetical treatment plan should take both physical and mental measures, and classified health management for patients with different disease types.

Latent categories of adolescents' short video media use tendency and their relationships with personality traits / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the latent categories of short video media use tendency among adolescents and the influence of personality traits on different categories.Methods:Totally 1 362 adolescents were tested by the five factors of adolescent personality questionnaire and the problematic short video media use scale in March 2022.SPSS 26.0 software was used for data collation and descriptive statistics.Mplus 8.3 software was used for latent profile analysis (LPA) to explore the latent categories of adolescents’ short video media use tendency.Regression mixed model (R3STEP) was used to explore the relationship between different categories of short video media use tendency and personality traits.Results:The short video media use tendency among adolescents was divided into 4 latent categories (by proportion from low to high): " problematic short video media use tendency type" (C4, 11%), " safe short video media use tendency type" (C3, 21%), " social short video media use tendency type" (C1, 29%), and " transitional short video media use tendency type" (C2, 39%). Different personality traits had different effects on the 4 latent categories of short video media use tendency, and using C3 as a reference, openness ( OR=1.95) was a triggering predictor of C1, neuroticism ( OR=0.72) was a protective predictor of C1; cautiousness ( OR=0.46) was a protective predictor of C2, neuroticism ( OR=1.60) was a triggering predictor of C2; cautiousness ( OR=0.33) was a protective predictor of C4, neuroticism ( OR=3.24) was a triggering predictor of C4. Conclusion:There are four different latent categories of Chinese adolescents' short video media use tendency, respectively " safe" , " social" , " transitional" and " problematic" . Further research reveal that, personality traits have a significant impact on the different categories of adolescents' short video media use tendency.This study suggests that educators reasonably guide " transitional" , intervene " problematic" , and focus on helping adolescents with high neuroticism to effectively regulate their negative emotions and reduce the occurrence of problematic short video use.

The relationship between character strengths and the Dark Triad / Relação entre forças de caráter e Tríade Sombria

This study aimed to verify the mean difference of the 24 character strengths considering the level of each character strength in relation to the Dark Triad of personality. A total of 284 people participated in the study, responding to the Character Strength Scale and to the Short Dark Triad. Among them, 71.5% were female, with a mean age of 29.06 years (SD = 9.73). For Machiavellianism and psychopathy, specific strengths are characterized by their underuse, while for narcissism, apart from modesty, character strengths are overused. Accordingly, we conclude that the underuse and overuse of character strengths can result in negative outcomes in addition to the socially valued positive aspects.

Este estudo objetivou verificar a diferença média das 24 forças de caráter considerando o nível de cada força em relação à Tríade Sombria da personalidade. Participaram 284 pessoas, 71.5% do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 29,06 anos (DP = 9,73), respondendo à Escala de Força de Caráter e à Short Dark Triad. Para o maquiavelismo e a psicopatia, forças específicas são caracterizadas por sua forma subutilizada, enquanto, para o narcisismo, as forças, exceto modéstia, são usadas em demasia. Assim, conclui-se que a subutilização e o uso excessivo de forças podem resultar em desfechos negativos além dos aspectos positivos valorizados socialmente.