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1.
Enferm. foco (Brasília) ; 14: 1-5, mar. 20, 2023. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1425329

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade do checklist reconstruído por uma equipe interdisciplinar, como estratégia de redução de incidência de infecção do trato urinário e do tempo de permanência do uso do cateter vesical de demora em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Adulto. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, retrospectivo, observacional, realizado entre os meses de janeiro de 2018 a junho de 2019, em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital universitário da Cidade de Ponta Grossa ­ Paraná. O checklist, implementado na instituição, é baseado no Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, na prevenção de infecções relacionadas a assistência à saúde. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste t-student. Resultados: Observou-se uma redução de casos novos após a implementação do checklist (p=0,0005), e nos dias de permanência com o cateter vesical de demora, que teve uma média (115,3) antes do checklist ser implementado, diminuindo para (69,6) após. Conclusão: As ações desenvolvidas pelos profissionais de saúde trazem resultados atenuantes na redução de Infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde. (AU)


Objective: To assess the effectiveness of the checklist reconstructed by an interdisciplinary team, as a strategy to reduce the incidence of infection from urinary treatment and the time of permanence of the use of a delay bladder catheter in an Adult Intensive Care Unit. Methods: Quantitative, retrospective, observational study, carried out between the months of January 2018 to June 2019, in the Intensive Care Unit of a University Hospital of the City of Ponta Grossa - Paraná. Or checklist, implemented by the institution, based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, on the prevention of infections related to health care. The given foram analyzed hair test t-student. Results: Observation of a reduction of new cases after the implementation of the checklist (p = 0.0005), and the days of permanence with a late bladder catheter, which had a mean (115.3) before the checklist was implemented, decreasing to (69.6) after. Conclusion: The actions developed by health professionals bring attenuating results in the reduction of Healthcare-Related Infections. (AU)


Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad del checklist reconstruido por un equipo interdisciplinario, como estrategia para reducir la incidencia de infección del tracto urinario y el tiempo de estadía en el uso de catéteres urinarios permanentes en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de Adultos. Métodos: Estudio observacional cuantitativo, retrospectivo, realizado entre enero de 2018 y junio de 2019, en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de un hospital universitario de la ciudad de Ponta Grossa - Paraná. La lista de verificación, implementada en la institución, se basa en los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades, en la prevención de infecciones relacionadas con la salud. Los datos se analizaron mediante la prueba t-student. Resultados: Hubo una reducción de casos nuevos luego de la implementación de la lista de chequeo (p = 0.0005), y en los días de estadía con el catéter urinario permanente, que tuvieron un promedio (115.3) antes de la implementación de la lista de chequeo, disminuyendo a (69.6) después. Conclusión: Las acciones realizadas por los profesionales de la salud traen resultados mitigantes en la reducción de infecciones relacionadas con la atención de la salud. (AU)


Subject(s)
Catheter-Related Infections , Equipment and Supplies , Reproductive Tract Infections , Intensive Care Units
2.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 82(supl.1): 54-58, mar. 2022. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1375895

ABSTRACT

Resumen Los individuos con trastornos del espectro autista suelen describirse con deficiencias comunicativas, sociales, emocionales y de comportamiento. A menudo están aislados y son pasivos, con pocas oportunidades de interacción positiva y constructiva con el mundo exterior. Por otra parte, pueden mostrar comportamientos retraídos, estereotipados y disruptivos. Estas condiciones pueden dificultar seriamente sus habilidades adaptativas al ambiente, con consecuencias negativas en su calidad de vida. La heterogeneidad fenotípica y la manifestación, así como la gravedad de los síntomas, pueden variar considerablemente según el niño. Esos determinan la necesidad de intervenciones personalizadas y adaptivas según las necesidades específicas, incluyendo factores como la edad, las habilidades intelectuales y las áreas afectadas específicas. Una intervención temprana promovería las habilidades adaptativas, la autodeterminación y la autonomía hacia el entorno. No obstante, los tiempos de esperas y los costes no permiten una evaluación temprana y como consecuencia los tiempos de intervención se retrasan afectando la cualidad de vida de los niños y de los pa dres. Además, los programas tradicionales de intervención dependen de la experiencia de los terapeutas. Una posible forma de superar este problema es el uso de tecnología adaptativa objetiva según las necesidades. El objetivo de este artículo es proporcionar una visión general de las pruebas empíricas disponible en los últimos siete años. En total, se seleccionaron 8 estudios, con 132 participantes que utilizaron 4 sistemas tecnológicos. Por último, se discuten las implicaciones tecnológicas, clínicas, psicológicas y rehabilitadoras de los hallazgos. Se esbozaron directrices prácticas dentro de esta área temática como perspectivas de investigación futuras.


Abstract Individuals with autistic spectrum disorder are often described as having communication, social, emo tional, and behavioral impairments. They are often isolated and passive, with few opportunities for positive and constructive interaction with the outside world. Moreover, they may exhibit withdrawn, stereotyped and disruptive behaviors. The aforementioned conditions can seriously hamper their ability to adapt to the environment, with negative consequences on their quality of life. Phenotypic heterogeneity and manifestation, as well as symptom severity, can vary greatly from child to child. These determine the need for individualized and adaptive interventions according to specific needs, including factors such as age, intellectual ability, and specific affected areas. Early intervention would promote adaptive skills, self-determination, and autonomy towards the environment. However, wait times and costs do not allow for early assessment, and therefore intervention times are delayed, affecting the quality of life of children and parents. In addition, traditional intervention programs depend on the expertise of the therapists. One possible way to overcome this problem is by using objective adaptive technologies based on needs. This article aims to provide an overview of the empirical evidence available over the past seven years. Overall, 8 studies were selected, with 132 participants using 4 technological systems. Finally, the technological, clinical, psychological, and rehabilitative implications of the findings are discussed. Practical guidelines within this topic area are outlined as future research perspectives.

3.
Alerg. inmunol. clin ; 39(3-4): 14-29, 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1146151

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El asma severa incluye un pequeño porcentaje de pacientes que varía de acuerdo a los diferentes países, aun así, los pacientes con asma grave no controlada tienen una morbilidad desproporcionadamente alta junto a una utilización de la asistencia sanitaria. Objetivos: Evaluar la respuesta al tratamiento con biológicos en pacientes asmáticos severos y la importancia de realizar la clasificación de fenotipo y endotipo, en una muestra de pacientes asmáticos severos entre 18 y 60 años de ambos sexos que concurrieron al servicio de Alergia e Inmunología del Hospital Nuevo San Roque, Córdoba, Argentina en el periodo marzo 2016 y marzo 2019. Material y métodos: Se realizó análisis de historia clínica, determinación de IgE, eosinófilos, clasificación de asma según GINA, espirometría, pruebas cutáneas, Test de control de Asma (Asthma control Test) (ACT) y respuesta según Evaluación Global Efectividad Tratamiento por el médico (Global evaluation of treatment effectiveness) (GETE). Resultados: Un total de 12 pacientes asmáticos severos, con test cutáneos positivos (Prick test), valores de IgE y eosinófilos elevados. En los valores espirometricos de pos BD, se observaron diferencias en las tres etapas de seguimiento, los valores iniciales fueron de 50,1 ± 4,4, aumentando a 83,5 ± 4,4 a los 6 meses, y con resultados medios de 88,5 ± 4,15 a los 12 meses. Los valores de ACT fueron al inicio 10,17 ± 1,44, a los 6 meses 22,33 ± 0,68 y al año de 24,67 ± 0,14. Puntaje GETE a los 6 meses, la mayoría de los pacientes refirió tener GETE control completo del asma (42%) o mejor control del asma (33%), mientras que el profesional que los asistió no refirió haber observado ningún paciente con nivel excelente mientras que el 75% fueron clasificados como mejor control del asma. Conclusión: La evaluación inicial correcta del paciente asmático y el tratamiento de precisión adecuado son las herramientas que deben aplicarse para obtener no solamente la remisión de las manifestaciones clínicas si no también una amplia mejoría en su calidad de vida.


ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Severe asthma includes a small percentage of patients that varies across different countries, yet patients with uncontrolled severe asthma have disproportionately high morbidity and healthcare utilization. Objectives: To assess the response to treatment with biologics in severe asthmatic patients and the importance of performing the phenotype and endotype classification in a sample of severe asthmatic patients between 18 and 60 years of age of both sexes who attended the Allergy and Immunology service of the Nuevo Hospital San Roque, Córdoba, Argentina from March 2016 to March 2019. Material and methods :Analysis of: medical history, measurement of laboratory parameters: IgE, eosinophils, asthma classification according to GINA, spirometry, skin tests, Asthma control Test (ACT) and response according to Global evaluation of treatment effectiveness (Global Evaluation Effectiveness Treatment by the doctor). Results: A total of 12 severe asthmatic patients, with positive Prick tests, elevated IgE and eosinophil values. Regarding spirometry: in the post BD values, differences were observed in the three stages of follow-up: the initial spirometry values were 50.1 ± 4.4, increasing to 83.5 ± 4.4 at 6 months, and with mean results of 88.5 ± 4.15 at 12 months. The ACT values were at baseline 10.17 ± 1.44, at 6 months 22.33 ± 0.68 and at one year: 24.67 ± 0.14. GETE score At 6 months, most of the GETE patients reported having complete asthma control (42%) or better asthma control (33%), while the professional who assisted them did not report having observed any patient with an excellent level; and 75% were classified as better asthma control. Conclusion: The correct initial evaluation of the asthmatic patient and the appropriate precision treatment are the tools that must be applied to obtain not only the remission of the clinical manifestations but also a broad improvement in their quality of life.

4.
Rev. estomatol. Hered ; 29(4): 291-296, oct.-dic 2019. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1144588

ABSTRACT

Quando feita a instalação de um implante imediato pode se optar entre a instalação de uma coroa provisória clínica, um cicatrizador ou pode se optar pelo fechamento do implante para um tratamento em duas etapas cirúrgicas. O uso de cicatrizadores personalizados sela os implantes e leva a uma cicatrização individualizada, que favorece a confecção das coroas subsequentes. O presente trabalho objetiva relatar um caso clínico envolvendo um implante imediato e a instalação de um cicatrizador personalizado, demonstrando os resultados e a importância de conhecimento dessa técnica pelo cirurgião-dentista.


When installing an immediate implant, you can choose between installing a temporary clinical crown, healing abutments, or to close the implant for a two-step surgical treatment. The use of customized healing abutments seals the implants and leads to individualized healing, which favors the creation of subsequent crowns. The present study aims to report a clinical case involving an immediate implant and the installation of customized healing abutments, demonstrating the results and the importance of knowledge of this technique by the dentist.

5.
Cienc. act. fís. (Talca, En línea) ; 19(1): 1-9, ene. 2018. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-986618

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de esta investigación fue medir el efecto del Entrenamiento en Relajamiento Muscular Progresivo de Edmund Jacobson en los niveles de Depresión de tres pacientes con Esclerosis Múltiple (EM). Participaron inicialmente y de forma voluntaria 8 sujetos, todos del género femenino, de clase media, quienes no contaban con ningún tipo prestaciones en salud. De dichos casos valorados, se eligieron a tres pacientes con diferentes niveles de depresión: primer caso (sin depresión), segundo caso (depresión leve) y tercer caso (depresión moderada). Ya que sólo se encontraron estos niveles de depresión en el grupo valorado, es decir no se encontró depresión grave, lo anterior de acuerdo con los resultados arrojados por el Inventario de Depresión de Beck. El trabajo se basa en un diseño de estudio de caso múltiple, donde cada caso debe ser tratado en forma individual para luego sacar conclusiones del cruce de dichos casos. Con resultados alentadores, ya que en las tres situaciones hubo mejoras, demostrando que dicho entrenamiento de relajación muscular tiene efectos positivos sobre los niveles de ansiedad de este tipo de pacientes. Además, en cuanto al análisis introspectivo de cada paciente reportaron mejoras no sólo en depresión, sino, en autoestima, comunicación, socialización, aprendizaje y aceptación de la enfermedad.


The purpose of this research was to measure what the effect of a Progressive Muscular Relaxation Training of Edmund Jacobson (Year) would have on the different depression levels of 3 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Participants included 8 middle-class females, who did not have any type of health care. From those 8 participants, only 3 were selected that showed a different level of depression: first participant (No depression), second participant (low depression), and third participant (moderate depression). Since only these types of different levels of depression were found among the participants, severe depression was not found, though according to Beck's Depression Questionnaire (Year). This is a multiple-case study type of research, where each participant was treated individually, to better understand in an in depth manner the connection of these cases. We can say that our results are promising, since all three participants showed improvements, indicating a positive effect with the Progressive Muscular Relaxation Training over anxiety levels of participants. As well, according to an introspective analysis of each participant were shown improvements not only in depression levels but in self-esteem, socialization, communication skills, learning and adaptability to their disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Relaxation Therapy/methods , Depression/therapy , Multiple Sclerosis/psychology , Multiple Sclerosis/therapy , Muscle Relaxation , Interview
7.
Cad. saúde colet., (Rio J.) ; 24(2): 262-273, abr.-jun. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-792904

ABSTRACT

Abstract Great response variability caused by genetic and/or environmental factors has been observed among organisms exposed to hazardous chemicals. This subject has been a topic of intense discussion in the USA since President Obama announced support for an “era of precision medicine”, which consists in the inclusion of genetic data of patients in the treatment design, imposing a new approach to risk assessment. Personalized evaluation must consider the phenotypic factors of an individual. Among the markers that have been developed to evaluate any alteration in the structure or function of organisms, biomarkers of susceptibility are of great importance because they indicate the natural characteristics of a given organism which make it more sensitive to a specific adverse effect or disease, or more responsive to exposure to a specific chemical/drug. The ‘-omics’ technologies provide an insight into the relationship between chemical effects and molecular mechanisms of action. These technologies are the pillars for a personalized toxicology and precision medicine. Predictive toxicology requires a more comprehensive knowledge on specific individual factors or susceptibilities predisposing to diseases, enabling personalized risk assessment and adequate medical treatment.


Resumo Há uma grande variabilidade nas respostas observadas entre os organismos expostos a uma substância química perigosa. Essa variabilidade é causada por causas genéticas e / ou ambientais. Esse assunto tem sido intensamente discutido, mesmo nos Estados Unidos, desde que o presidente Obama anunciou o apoio a uma “era da medicina de precisão”, a qual consiste na inclusão de dados genéticos do paciente no projeto do tratamento, impondo uma nova abordagem para avaliação de risco. A avaliação personalizada deve considerar fatores fenotípicos de um indivíduo. Entre os biomarcadores que foram desenvolvidos para avaliar qualquer alteração da estrutura ou função do organismo, os biomarcadores de susceptibilidade têm uma grande importância, uma vez que indicam as características naturais de um dado organismo, que o tornam mais sensíveis a um efeito ou doença adversa específica ou em resposta a uma determinada exposição. As tecnologias “ômicas” permitem a compreensão da relação entre os efeitos químicos e dos mecanismos moleculares de ação. Essas tecnologias “ômicas” são os pilares para a toxicologia personalizada e para a medicina de precisão. Toxicologia preditiva exige uma melhor compreensão dos fatores ou susceptibilidades individuais específicas predisponentes a doenças, permitindo uma avaliação de riscos personalizada e um tratamento médico adequado.

8.
Prosthes. Lab. Sci ; 5(20): 22-27, jul.-set. 2016. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-848095

ABSTRACT

Para obter um resultado mais satisfatório no enceramento, devemos sempre ter um bom conhecimento do material utilizado, das cores naturais e da anatomia propriamente dita. Da forma aqui abordada é possível se ter uma prévia muito mais rápida de como será a prótese, sem muita dificuldade, podendo até se realizar a prova em boca, pois há o reforço da fibra de algodão, que alimenta a resistência e não é quebradiça.


In order to obtain better results through wax-up it is important to have proper knowledge on the utilized material,natural color and anatomy of the teeth. The presented approach enables a fast and simple preview of the prostheses and since due to the lint reinforcement it also allows testing in the patients' mouth.


Subject(s)
Humans , Alveolar Bone Loss , Bone Resorption , Denture, Partial, Fixed , Diagnosis, Oral/organization & administration , Esthetics, Dental , Gingiva
9.
Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 84(3): 318-326, jul.-set. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-650781

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la nutrición enteral domiciliaria se realiza en la casa del paciente, y permite que disminuyan los costos hospitalarios como consecuencia de largas estadías para lograr la recuperación o mejorar el estado nutricional y su reingreso al medio familiar. Objetivo: mostrar una metodología para la implementación del soporte nutricional enteral personalizado en el hogar con recursos centralizados, como una alternativa para la nutrición domiciliaria en pediatría. Métodos: a partir del diseño de la metodología para las Unidades de Nutrición Enteral Pediátrica con objetivos de actuación de los Grupos de Apoyo Nutricional Hospitalarios, se diseñó una metodología, que, a través de acciones concretas, logra la integración entre los niveles clínico-facultativos y gerenciales. Resultados: la metodología diseñada está basada en la integración de la atención primaria de salud con la secundaria, en una relación de carácter recíproco (desde y hacia), en la que el control centralizado de los recursos permite, no solo economizarlos, sino, a la vez, su registro para organizar la demanda por la estructura administrativa. El diseño metodológico crea, a su vez, un espacio para las funciones educativas de los padres y el control sistemático del soporte, lo cual, a su vez, le da una connotación preventiva acorde con los objetivos de la medicina comunitaria. Conclusiones: la metodología propuesta por nuestro grupo de trabajo constituye una alternativa en pediatría para el desarrollo de la nutrición enteral domiciliaria, como prestación de los servicios nutricionales, con una mayor integración entre los niveles primario y secundario de salud.


Introduction: home enteral nutrition is provided at the patient's house and allows reducing the hospital costs derived from long lengths of stay at hospital to attain the recovery or the improvement of the nutritional status of the patient and his/her return to the family environment. Objective: to show a methodology for the implementation of the personalized enteral nutritional support at home with centralized resources, as an alternative for home nutrition for pediatric patients. Methods: on the basis of the design of the methodology for pediatric enteral nutrition units involving the performance of the hospital nutritional support groups, a methodology was designed that, through concrete actions, manages to integrate the clinical-medical levels and the management levels. Results: this methodology is based on the integration of the primary health care and the secondary health care, in a reciprocal way, in which the centralized control of resources allows both economizing them and organizing them according to the demands on the part of the managing structures. At the same time, the methodological design creates a space for the education of parents and the systematic control of the nutritional support, all of which grants it preventive connotation in line with the objectives of the community-based medicine. Conclusions: the methodology submitted by our working group is a pediatric alternative for the development of home enteral nutrition, as a way of providing nutritional service, with more integration between the primary and the secondary health care levels.

10.
Psicol. teor. pesqui ; 25(3): 289-296, jul.-set. 2009.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-533418

ABSTRACT

O Sistema Personalizado de Ensino (PSI), amplamente utilizado nos anos 1970, e a Educação à Distância (EAD) são duas metodologias de ensino que rompem com modelos tradicionais de educação, nos quais o centro crítico de transmissão de informação é o professor. O presente trabalho apresenta as principais características dessas duas formas de ensinar, ressaltando suas similaridades. Alguns estudos nos quais PSI e EAD foram utilizados em conjunto são descritos e as vantagens de tal junção são discutidas. Sugere-se, ao final deste trabalho, que o uso conjunto do PSI e da EAD pode ser uma forma viável de disseminação e democratização de um ensino de qualidade, alicerçado em evidências empíricas de sua eficácia.


Personalized System of Instruction (PSI), broadly employed in the 1970's, and Distance Learning (DL) are teaching methodologies that differ from the traditional models of education, in which the critical core of information transmission is the teacher. This work presents the main features of both PSI and DL, highlighting their similarities. Studies in which PSI and DL were used together are described, and the advantages of this junction are discussed. It is suggested, at the end of this work, that using PSI and DL together may be a viable way of dissemination and democratization of quality education, based on empirical evidence of its effectiveness.


Subject(s)
Education, Distance , Learning , Teaching
11.
Psicol. USP ; 9(1): 275-301, 1998.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: lil-624254

ABSTRACT

O artigo examina a evolução das pesquisas sobre programação de ensino no Brasil e analisa o papel decisivo que coube à Profa. Carolina Bori nesse processo. Atuando como orientadora, docente, consultora e administradora, Carolina está na raiz dos principais avanços nessa área, a partir do surgimento dos chamados cursos programados individualizados, no início da década de 60. Esses avanços incluem: a importância da proposição de objetivos como primeiro passo na programação; a necessidade de, através de pesquisa empírica, buscar objetivos de ensino para além dos limites determinados pelo que tradicionalmente se ensina; a busca de alternativas inovadoras para a disposição de contingências de ensino; a concepção de atividades como recurso para o ensino de habilidades, conhecimentos, métodos etc. O artigo aponta, também, importantes contribuições teóricas resultantes dos estudos sobre programação.


The paper describes the development, in Brazil, of a line of investigation directed towards the planning, implementation and assessment of effective teaching conditions directed to the improvement of higher education. Carolina Bori played a central role in this process throughout her career as university professor, students supervisor, educational agencies advisor, publishing houses consultant, university administration, as well as scientific societies founding and leading. Her ideas and initiatives gave rise to and supported the main advances in Programmed Learning, since the origins of the so called Personalized System of Instruction (PSI) in the early sixties. These advances include 1) the main role attributed to the proposition of relevant goals as the first and necessary step in the programming of teaching conditions; 2) the stress on the need of empirical research to support the proposition of these goals, so that they will point to new directions in teaching (directions beyond those which routinely guide traditional teaching practices); 3) the permanent effort to find out new alternatives to arrange effective teaching conditions; 4) the emphasis on the concept of activity as a special condition to promote the learner’s acquisition of skills, knowledge, concepts, methods etc. In support of these propositions, the paper reviews and analyses important theoretical contributions derived from studies conducted in Brazil on Programmed Learning.


Subject(s)
Psychology, Experimental/history , Programmed Instructions as Topic/history , Brazil
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