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En la actualidad, existe una tendencia progresiva al envejecimiento de la población. El propósito de esta investigación consistió exponer una estrategia educativa para los estudiantes del 5.º nivel de Gerontología que contribuya a la promoción de la actividad física en el adulto mayor. La investigación se enmarcó en una metodología mixta y un diseño descriptivo de corte transversal. Se emplearon métodos científicos que en el orden teórico se encuentran análisis-síntesis, inductivo-deductivo y el sistémico estructural, y como métodos empíricos la revisión documental, la observación, la encuesta y entrevistas, las cuales fueron aplicadas a una muestra de 38 sujetos y revelan la importancia de la actividad física como estrategia que permite alcanzar un envejecimiento activo y con calidad de vida en la tercera edad. Según estos resultados, la aplicación de una estrategia educativa estructurada en tres etapas y dos fases contribuye a la autogestión del aprendizaje de los estudiantes, donde el contexto profesional se convierte en un auténtico espacio de formación.
Atualmente, há uma tendência progressiva de envelhecimento da população. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi apresentar uma estratégia educacional para estudantes do 5º nível de Gerontologia que contribua para a promoção da atividade física em idosos. A pesquisa foi enquadrada em uma metodologia mista e um desenho descritivo transversal. Foram utilizados os métodos científicos teórico, indutivo-dedutivo e sistêmico-estrutural, e os métodos empíricos foram revisão documental, observação, inquérito e entrevistas, que foram aplicados a uma amostra de 38 sujeitos e revelam a importância da atividade física como estratégia para alcançar o envelhecimento ativo e a qualidade de vida dos idosos. De acordo com esses resultados, a aplicação de uma estratégia educacional estruturada em três etapas e duas fases contribui para o autogerenciamento da aprendizagem dos alunos, em que o contexto profissional se torna um autêntico espaço de treinamento.
Currently, there is a progressive trend towards population aging. The purpose of this research was to present an educational strategy for students of the 5th level of Gerontology that contributes to the promotion of physical activity in older adults. The research was framed in a mixed methodology and a cross-sectional descriptive design. Scientific methods were used that in the theoretical order include analysis-synthesis, inductive-deductive and structural systemic and as empirical methods documentary review, observation, survey and interviews, applied to a sample of 38 subjects. The study revealed the importance of physical activity as a strategy that allows achieving active aging with quality of life. According to these results, the application of an educational strategy, structured in three stages and two phases, contributes to the self-management of student learning, where the professional context becomes an authentic training space.
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Introducción. Establecer un estilo de vida activo y saludable es uno de los objetivos más importantes y desafiantes de la rehabilitación cardíaca. Comprender el comportamiento de los patrones de actividad física (AF) en adultos que han sufrido un evento coronario y que han participado en un programa de Rehabilitación Cardíaca (RC) es necesario para evaluar su impacto y proponer estrategias oportunas en esta área. Objetivo. Evaluar el cumplimiento de la recomendación global de AF 1 año después de ingresar a un programa de RC para enfermedad arterial coronaria. Métodos. Se aplicó el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física a adultos con enfermedad coronaria tratada a los 6 y 12 meses de su ingreso a un programa de Rehabilitación Cardíaca en 6 hospitales de Chile, entre mayo de 2019 y febrero de 2020 en el contexto del estudio aleatorizado. Se realizó un ensayo clínico multicéntrico de no inferioridad (Hybrid Cardiac Rehabilitation Trial, HYCARET). Resultados. 117 participantes (74 hombres, edad 59,34 ±9,52 años, 83,4±27,2% de adherencia a la RC) físicamente activos al final de un programa de RC fueron evaluados a los 6 y 12 meses desde el ingreso para determinar su adherencia a la AF. La tasa de seguimiento fue del 94,01% a los 6 meses (6m) y del 78,63% a los 12 meses (12m). El 90% de los participantes seguían físicamente activos a los 6 meses y el 92,39% seguían activos a los 12 meses después del evento coronario. Un 5,98% fueron clasificados como inactivos a los 6 m pero estaban físicamente activos al año. En contraste, sólo el 0,85% se volvió inactivo a los 6 meses y permaneció inactivo hasta 1 año, mientras que el 4,27% se reportó como activo a los 6 meses, pero terminó estando inactivo al año. La AF relacionada con las tareas del hogar es responsable del 40% y más del gasto calórico total de los adultos después de un evento coronario en todo momento. El gasto calórico relacionado con actividades recreativas y transporte disminuyó a los 6 y 12 meses, mientras que el gasto calórico asociado con el trabajo y las actividades domésticas aumentó a los 6 y 12 meses después de completar un programa de RC. Conclusión. Los adultos que completan un programa de RC continúan activos 6 y 12 meses después de un evento coronario. Sin embargo, las actividades que generan mayor gasto calórico varían con el tiempo. Este hallazgo resalta la importancia de fomentar la actividad física como parte del tiempo de ocio y recreación en los adultos, ya que se sabe que su beneficio es mayor.
Background. Establishing a healthy, active lifestyle is one of the most important and challenging goals of cardiac rehabilitation. Understanding the behavior of physical activity (PA) patterns in adults who have suffered a coronary event and who have participated in a Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) program is necessary to evaluate its impact and propose timely strategies in this area. Objetive. To evaluate compliance with the global PA recommendation 1 year after entering a CR program for coronary artery disease. Methods. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was applied to adults with coronary heart disease treated 6 and 12 months after admission to a Cardiac Rehabilitation program in 6 hospitals in Chile, between May 2019 and February 2020 in the context of the randomized study. A multicenter non-inferiority clinical trial (Hybrid Cardiac Rehabilitation Trial, HYCARET) was conducted. Results. 117 participants (74 men, age 59.34 ± 9.52 years, 83.4 ± 27.2% adherence to CR) physically active at the end of a CR program were evaluated at 6 and 12 months from entry. to determine their adherence to PA. The follow-up rate was 94.01% at 6 months (6m) and 78.63% at 12 months (12m). 90% of participants were still physically active at 6 months and 92.39% were still active at 12 months after the coronary event. 5.98% were classified as inactive at 6 m but were physically active at one year. In contrast, only 0.85% became inactive at 6 months and remained inactive for up to 1 year, while 4.27% reported themselves as active at 6 months but ended up being inactive at one year. Housework-related PA is responsible for 40% and more of adults' total caloric expenditure after a coronary event at all times. Caloric expenditure related to recreational activities and transportation decreased at 6 and 12 months, while caloric expenditure associated with work and home activities increased at 6 and 12 months after completing a CR program. Conclusion. Adults who complete a CR program remain active 6 and 12 months after a coronary event. However, the activities that generate the greatest caloric expenditure vary over time. This finding highlights the importance of promoting physical activity as part of leisure and recreation time in adults, since it is known that its benefit is greater.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of community-based rehabilitation exercise and physical activity on the physical activity levels, functional states, and quality of life for people with mild and moderate disabilities in community settings, to ascertain the health benefits of their engagement in such fitness sports activities, anchoring in the WHO "Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018-2030: More Active People for a Healthier World" and the guidelines tailored for people with disabilities, using the theoretical framework and methodology of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). MethodsAligning with the WHO guidelines for people with disabilities and the ICF, a community-based rehabilitation exercise and physical activity program was designed for individuals with mild to moderate disabilities, featuring activities like fitness training (aerobic and resistance exercises), skill exercises (such as balance and coordination), as well as sports and recreational games (ball and games, etc.). A total of 230 people with mild and moderate disabilities were recruited from 20 communities in Shenzhen, with types of disabilities including physical, speech, intellectual, and mental. Professional rehabilitation fitness instructors implemented and supervised the program. The activities were of low to moderate intensity, 30 to 50 minutes per session, five times a month for six months. The community-based rehabilitation exercise and physical activity progress of these individuals was surveyed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and their overall functioning was evaluated with WHODAS 2.0. The health-related quality of life was measured with WHOQOL-BREF. The health benefits from participation in community-based rehabilitation exercise and physical activity were assessed in terms of functioning, activity involvement, and quality of life. ResultsAfter the fitness activities, participation levels significantly increased in IPAQ domains of work-related, transport-related, domestic and gardening activity, and leisure time (|t| > 3.391, P < 0.001). The scores significantly decreased in the domains of cognition, activity, self-care, getting along, life activities and participation; and overall scores also decreased in WHODAS 2.0 (t > 6.639, P < 0.001). The scores significantly increased in the four dimensions of WHOQOL-BREF (|t| > 7.486, P < 0.001). ConclusionAfter participating in a six-month community-based rehabilitation exercise and physical activity program of mild to moderate intensity, individuals with mild to moderate disabilities have improved in physical activity and engagement levels, and the overall functioning and quality of life.
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ObjectiveTo systematically review the health benefits of different physical activities for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. MethodsCombined with MeSH terms and free words, randomized controlled trials regarding health and functional outcomes of physical activity intervention for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy published up to December, 2023 in databases of Web of Science, PubMed, EBSCO, Cochrane and CNKI were retrieved and systematically reviewed. ResultsTen randomized controlled trials were included, involving 402 participants (aged three to 24 years), with Physiotherapy Evidence Database Scale scores of six to eight, from Australia, the United States, Brazil and Netherlands, mainly in the fields of rehabilitation medicine, neuroscience, disability research and physiotherapy, with publication dates concentrated between 2013 and 2020. The physical activities included three types: fitness-related (physical fitness, skill-related fitness), motor skill-related (gross motor skills, fine motor skills) and adaptive physical activity-related (mobility skills, recreational types); 20 to 60 minutes a time, one to five times a week, for seven to 26 weeks; the intensity was moderate to high. Intervention settings involved community and home, schools and rehabilitation institutions. The guidance and support models included sports rehabilitation, adaptive physical activity, and a combined model of sports rehabilitation and adaptive physical activity. The health benefits were reflected in physical activity-related health behaviors, physical function, activities and participation, and quality of life, such as improving the level of physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior; enhancing muscle strength, improving cardiopulmonary function, cardiovascular function, body mass and aerobic capacity, increasing gait speed, joint mobility, balance function and muscle endurance; improving motor function (mobility, movement coordination ability, balance and postural control ability, gait function); improving self-care, promoting participation in family, school and social activities, increasing social performance behaviors, and improving mental health (self-confidence, emotions, self-worth, self-esteem). ConclusionThis study reviewed the health benefits of different physical activities for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. There are three kinds of major physical activities: fitness-related, motor skill-related and adaptive physical activity-related. Physical fitness-related activities help to improve gait function, increase walking speed, enhance muscle strength, improve cardiovascular function, optimize body mass index; skill fitness-related activities can improve balance function. Gross motor skill-related activities can improve postural control ability and muscle endurance; fine motor skill-related activities can enhance the use of fine hands. Adaptive ball-related activities help to increase physical activity levels, increase leisure activity time, improve aerobic capacity, promote family activity participation and social activity participation; adaptive leisure-related activities can improve the quality of life and well-being, improve self-care, enhance self-worth, and increase life satisfaction.
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ObjectiveTo systematically review the evidences of impact of exercise rehabilitation and adapted physical activity on psychomotor skills, motor abilities, and motor development in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). MethodsRelevant literature was retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and CNKI, from January, 2010 to June, 2023. The contents were coded using International Classification of Diseases, Eleventh Revision, and International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health; and evidences were analyzed with theoretical framework and code of ICD-11 and ICF. ResultsA total of nine articles were included, from Denmark, South Korea, Australia, Saudi Arabia, Ghana, India and Japan, published from 2015 to 2022. The intervention programs primarily involved exercise rehabilitation (including physical therapy) and adapted physical activity. Exercise rehabilitation included upper limb strength training, lower limb strength training, balance and coordination training, gait training, functional aerobic exercise, stretching and flexibility exercises, flexibility training, muscle relaxation techniques; ten to 50 minutes a time, two to six times a week,with the intensity of low to high, for six to 20 weeks. Adapted physical activities mainly involved adapted running training, virtual games; 60 minutes a time, two to four times a week, with the intensity of medium to high, for six to twelve weeks. Interventions primarily took place in medical and rehabilitation institutions, schools, and home-based communities, with professionals including occupational physical therapists, university researchers, community health personnel and teachers. The outcomes were mainly reflected in four aspects: psychomotor skills, motor abilities, motor development, and quality of life and well-being. In terms of psychomotor skills, adolescents with CP mastered running techniques and knowledge, and enhanced their response to balance threats. In terms of motor abilities, adolescents with CP showed an increase in muscle strength, enhanced muscle endurance, and an expansion of muscle tone; improvements in gait functionality, walking ability, and gait symmetry; increases in walking endurance; improvements in standing function; and improvements in dynamic balance; as well as enhanced control over balance posture. In terms of motor development, there was a significant improvement in activities of daily living, participation levels in school and leisure activities during free time, and an expanded range of motion. In terms of quality of life and well-being, adolescents with CP showed significant enhancements in self-confidence and self-esteem, significant relief from (spastic) pain, and improvements in social well-being and acceptance. ConclusionThis systematic review has synthesized the evidences of benefits of exercise rehabilitation and adapted physical activity on the psychomotor skills, motor abilities and motor development of children and adolescents with spastic CP. In terms of psychomotor skills, exercise rehabilitation and adapted physical activity help to improve the cognitive and motor skills of adolescents with spastic CP. In terms of motor abilities, exercise rehabilitation and adapted physical activity can improve muscle-related functions, gait and walking abilities, as well as balance and coordination. In terms of motor development, exercise rehabilitation and adapted physical activity significantly enhance activities of daily living and the level of participation in leisure physical activities. Finally, exercise rehabilitation and adapted physical activity can increase energy and motivation, alleviate pain, and enhance social well-being and acceptance.
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ObjectiveTo systematically review the intervention effect of cognitively engaging physical activity (CEPA) on executive function of children and adolescents. MethodsLiteratures in Chinese and English were retrieved from databases of Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, EBSCO and CNKI, from the establishment to November 30th, 2023. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the literatures that met the requirements were screened, and their quality was evaluated and systematically reviewed. ResultsA total of 15 literatures were included, published between 2014 and 2023, from eight countries, involving 1 806 subjects aged four to 16 years. The average score of PEDro scale was 6.6. The intensity of the CEPA intervention ranged from 64% to 93% HRmax, the duration of a single session ranged from ten to 60 minutes, and the frequency of the intervention was two to five sessions a week, for four to 24 weeks. Specific forms of CEPA included football, basketball and floorball combined with cognitive tasks; running, jumping, squatting, sitting, spinning and balancing combined with cognitive tasks; and exergaming combined with cognitive tasks. Eleven researches showed positive effects of CEPA intervention on at least one component of executive function. However, six of the seven researches involving working memory failed to verify the positive effects. Twelve researches compared the intervention effects of CEPA and rutine exercise or regular physical education classes, and nine researches found that CEPA was more effective on executive function. ConclusionThe CEPA is effective on the executive function of children and adolescents, specifically on cognitive flexibility; it shows inconsistent effects on inhibitory control, and its effect on working memory has not been verified. The intervention types of CEPA are divided into ball games combined with cognitive tasks, basic motor skills training combined with cognitive tasks, and exergaming combined with cognitive tasks.
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@#Introduction: Ageing is commonly linked with physical inactivity. This review was performed to identify the factors associated with participation in physical activity among older adults in Malaysia. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using five databases; Pubmed, Sagepub, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Science Direct. Observational and intervention studies published between January 2010 and December 2020 were included, with Malaysian older adults aged 55 years and older being the main subject. Results: A total of 9 articles were included in the review. Analysis was guided by the Social Ecological Model for Health Promotion. The review had successfully identified gender, age, education level, health reasons, ethnicity and attitude as intrapersonal factors, social support (friend) and marital status as interpersonal factors, and locality as well as availability of facilities as environmental factors. Conclusions: Physical activity participation among Malaysian older adults were mainly determined by intrapersonal factors, particularly gender, health condition and educational level.
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ABSTRACT Objectives: This study primarily aimed to investigate the clinical determinants of the Modified Incremental Step Test (MIST) in adults with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB). A secondary objective was to compare the cardiopulmonary responses after the MIST and Incremental Shuttle Walk Test (ISWT), two commonly adopted symptom-limited maximum field tests in chronic respiratory diseases. Methods: Forty-six patients with clinically stable bronchiectasis participated in this cross-sectional study. MIST and ISWT were performed to determine exercise capacity, while disease severity, fatigue, and quality of life were assessed using the Bronchiectasis Severity Index (BSI), the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), respectively. Quadriceps muscle strength was evaluated using a hand-held dynamometer, walking speed with a wireless inertial sensing device, and the level of physical activity (steps/day) with a pedometer. Results: The BSI score, quadriceps muscle strength, daily step count, and the SGRQ total score explained 61.9% of the variance in the MIST (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.67, AR2 = 0.619). The BSI score (r = -0.412, p = 0.004), quadriceps muscle strength (r = 0.574, p = 0.001), daily step count (r = 0.523, p < 0.001), walking speed (r = 0.402, p = 0.006), FSS score (r = -0.551, p < 0.001), and SGRQ total score (r = -0.570, p < 0.001) correlated with the MIST. The patients achieved higher heart rates (HR), HR%, desaturation, dyspnea, and leg fatigue in the MIST compared to the ISWT (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Disease severity, quadriceps muscle strength, physical activity level, and quality of life were determinants of MIST. The advantages of the MIST, including higher cardiopulmonary response than ISWT and greater portability, which facilitates its use in various settings, make MIST the preferred choice for investigating symptom-limited exercise capacity in patients with NCFB.
RESUMO Objetivos: Este estudo teve como objetivo principal investigar os determinantes clínicos do Teste do Degrau Incremental Modificado (TDIM) em adultos com bronquiectasia não fibrocística (BNFC). Um objetivo secundário foi comparar as respostas cardiopulmonares após o TDIM e o Teste Graduado de Caminhada (TGC), dois testes de campo máximos amplamente adotados e limitados por sintomas em doenças respiratórias crônicas. Métodos: Quarenta e seis pacientes com bronquiectasia clinicamente estável participaram deste estudo transversal. O TDIM e TGC foram realizados para determinar a capacidade de exercício, enquanto a gravidade da doença, fadiga e qualidade de vida foram avaliadas usando o Índice de Gravidade da Bronquiectasia (BSI), a Escala de Gravidade da Fadiga (FSS) e o Questionário Respiratório de Saint George (SGRQ), respectivamente. A força muscular do quadríceps foi avaliada usando um dinamômetro manual, a velocidade de caminhada com um dispositivo de sensor inercial sem fio e o nível de atividade física (passos/dia) com um pedômetro. Resultados: O escore BSI, a força muscular do quadríceps, a contagem diária de passos e o escore total do SGRQ explicaram 61,9% da variação no TDIM (p < 0,001, R2 = 0,67, AR2 = 0,619). O escore BSI (r = -0,412, p = 0,004), a força muscular do quadríceps (r = 0,574, p = 0,001), a contagem diária de passos (r = 0,523, p < 0,001), a velocidade de caminhada (r = 0,402, p = 0,006), o escore FSS (r = -0,551, p < 0,001) e o escore total do SGRQ (r = -0,570, p < 0,001) correlacionaram-se com o TDIM. Os pacientes atingiram maiores frequências cardíacas (FC), FC%, dessaturação, dispneia e fadiga nas pernas no TDIM em comparação com o TGC (p < 0,05). Conclusões: A gravidade da doença, a força muscular do quadríceps, o nível de atividade física e a qualidade de vida foram determinantes do TDIM. As vantagens do TDIM, incluindo uma resposta cardiopulmonar mais elevada que no TGC e maior portabilidade, que facilita sua utilização em diversos ambientes, fazem do TDIM a escolha preferencial para investigar a capacidade de exercício limitada por sintomas em pacientes com BNFC.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: The women are increasingly seeking to be physically active or even choose sports as their professional activity as in the years, the number of Summer Olympic athletes has equaled that of men. Due to this growing female participation in sports, the study of female and male differences has become increasingly relevant in the involvement of the academic world. Objective: A review on this subject, stimulating more research, and making knowledge reach more women is a major objective of this literature review. We understand that more studies are needed to understand pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment. Methods: The study design was a retrospective narrative review of the relationship between breasts and physical activity, exercise, and sports. Results: Several anthropometric and physiological differences have been established; however, the volume and shape of the female breast is peculiar but still little studied. The specificity of female breasts are conditions that can exert sports performance and contribute to distancing women from physical activity practice. Conclusion: Possible conditions of female breasts in sports are exercise-induced mastalgia, breast injury, nipple injury, pregnancy, and many others. We understand that more studies are needed to understand pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment. Level of Evidence II; Retrospective Narrative Review.
RESUMEN Introducción: Cada vez son más las mujeres que buscan ser físicamente activas e incluso eligen el deporte como actividad profesional, ya que en los últimos años el número de atletas olímpicas de verano ha igualado al de los hombres. Debido a esta creciente participación femenina en el deporte, el estudio de las diferencias entre hombres y mujeres se ha vuelto cada vez más relevante en el ámbito académico. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión sobre este tema, estimular nuevas investigaciones y hacer que el conocimiento llegue a más mujeres constituye el principal objetivo de esta revisión bibliográfica. Métodos: El diseño del estudio fue una revisión narrativa retrospectiva de la relación entre mamas y actividad física, ejercicio y deporte. Resultados: Se han establecido varias diferencias antropométricas y fisiológicas; sin embargo, el volumen y la forma de la mama femenina son peculiares, pero aún poco estudiados. La especificidad de las mamas femeninas es un factor que puede perjudicar el rendimiento deportivo y contribuir a alejar a las mujeres de la actividad física. Conclusión: Las posibles afecciones de las mamas femeninas en el deporte son la mastalgia inducida por el ejercicio, las lesiones mamarias, las lesiones del pezón, el embarazo y muchas otras. Entendemos que se necesitan más estudios para comprender la fisiopatología, la prevención y el tratamiento. Nivel de Evidencia II; Revisión Narrativa Retrospectiva.
RESUMO Introdução: As mulheres estão cada vez mais buscando ser fisicamente ativas e até escolhendo o esporte como sua atividade profissional, pois, nos últimos anos, o número de atletas olímpicas de verão equiparou-se ao dos homens. Devido a essa crescente participação feminina nos esportes, o estudo sobre as diferenças entre homens e mulheres tem se tornado cada vez mais relevante no âmbito acadêmico. Objetivo: Uma revisão sobre esse assunto, estimulando mais pesquisas e fazendo com que o conhecimento chegue a mais mulheres constitui o principal objetivo desta revisão da literatura. Métodos: O desenho do estudo foi uma revisão narrativa retrospectiva da relação entre mamas e atividade física, exercícios e esportes. Resultados: Várias diferenças antropométricas e fisiológicas foram estabelecidas; entretanto, o volume e a forma da mama feminina são peculiares, mas ainda pouco estudados. A especificidade das mamas femininas é um fator que pode prejudicar o desempenho esportivo e contribuir para afastar as mulheres da prática de atividade física. Conclusão: As possíveis condições das mamas femininas no esporte são mastalgia induzida pelo exercício, lesão mamária, lesão do mamilo, gravidez e muitas outras. Entendemos que são necessários mais estudos para compreender a fisiopatologia, a prevenção e o tratamento. Nível de Evidência II; Revisão Narrativa Retrospectiva.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The social distancing of COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated symptoms of chronic pain patients. Furthermore, it is necessary to consider the sociocultural context of coping with the pandemic in different countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate pain, psychoemotional symptoms, sleep quality, and level of physical activity in chronic pain patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. METHODS: Individuals with fibromyalgia, migraine and chronic low back pain were included. The survey was performed through a questionnaire elaborated by researchers on the Forms application, from Google Drive, in the period between October 2020 and March 2021, with straight and clear questions about pain, psychoemotional aspects, sleep quality, and level of physical activity. Binary or multinominal logistic regression analysis was performed to identify possible predictors. RESULTS: 973 people were evaluated, 63.5% had fibromyalgia, and 98.3% were female. Anxiety increased the odds ratio in 395% of chronic pain patients to feel pain (ß: 1.375; OR: 3.956; p=0.001) and a greater intensity of pain increases in 62.3% the chance of these individuals not performing physical activity (ß: -0.474; OR: 0.623; p=0.001). Pain intensity increased the odds ratio of having insomnia by 186.9% (ß: 0.625; OR: 1.869; p=0.001) and the chance of taking sleep drugs by 160.4% (ß: 0.472; OR: 1.604; p=0.001). CONCLUSION: The social isolation of COVID-19 pandemic maximized the vicious cycle between painful symptoms, anxiety, and sleep disorders in chronic pain patients in Brazil. The intensification of these factors is associated with the reduction of physical activity levels.
RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A pandemia de COVID-19 exacerbou os sintomas de pacientes com dor crônica. Porém, é necessário considerar o contexto sociocultural de enfrentamento da pandemia nos diferentes países. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a dor, os sintomas psicoemocionais, a qualidade do sono e o nível de atividade física em pacientes com dor crônica durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos indivíduos com fibromialgia, enxaqueca e dor lombar. O levantamento foi realizado por meio de questionário elaborado pelos pesquisadores no aplicativo Forms, do Google Drive, entre outubro de 2020 e março de 2021, com perguntas diretas e claras sobre dor, aspectos psicoemocionais, qualidade do sono e nível de atividade física. Análise de regressão logística binária ou multinominal foi realizada para identificar possíveis preditores. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliadas 973 pessoas, 63,5% apresentavam fibromialgia, sendo 98,3% do sexo feminino. A ansiedade aumentou a razão de chances em 395% dos pacientes com dor crônica sentirem dor (ß: 1,375; OR: 3,956; p= 0,001) e a dor aumentou em 62,3% a chance desses indivíduos não realizarem atividade física (ß: -0,474; OR: 0,623; p=0,001). A intensidade da dor aumentou a razão de chances de ter insônia em 186,9% (ß: 0,625; OR: 1,869; p= 0,001) e a chance de tomar fármacos para dormir em 160,4% (ß: 0,472; OR: 1,604; p=0,001). CONCLUSÃO: O isolamento social da pandemia de COVID-19 maximizou o ciclo vicioso entre sintomas dolorosos, ansiedade e distúrbios do sono em pacientes com dor crônica no Brasil. A intensificação desses fatores está associada à redução de atividade física.
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This study aimed to describe the beliefs and perceptions of pregnant women and healthcare providers about physical activity during pregnancy. Using a qualitative approach, 30 pregnant women and the 14 healthcare providers caring for them were interviewed in the second trimester of pregnancy. We included women who maintained, decreased, or stopped physical activity since becoming pregnant. They were divided into low (≤ 8 years) and high schooling (> 8 years). Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted and guided by three key questions: (1) When does physical activity during pregnancy start to be considered a wrong behavior?; (2) What are the main barriers (biological or others) to physical activity?; and (3) Do the actions of healthcare providers and people close to pregnant women reinforce barriers? Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed based on recurring themes. All women changed their physical activity behavior (decreased or stopped) when they discovered their pregnancy. Fear of miscarriage, contractions, bleeding, and of causing malformations in the baby were the most reported reasons for decreasing or stopping physical activity. Participants also lacked access to consistent information and healthcare providers' support on the benefits of physical activity. Despite the current international recommendations to regular physical activity during pregnancy, uncertainty regarding its benefits remains. Interventions to promote physical activity during this period should include the training of healthcare providers so they can advise and discard ideas contrary to mother-child health benefits.
Este estudo objetivou descrever as crenças e percepções de gestantes e profissionais de saúde em relação a prática de atividade física durante a gestação. Usando uma abordagem qualitativa, 30 gestantes e 14 profissionais de saúde que atendiam essas mulheres foram entrevistados durante o segundo trimestre de gravidez. Foram incluídas mulheres que mantiveram, diminuíram ou pararam de praticar atividade física desde o início gravidez. Elas foram divididas em baixa (≤ 8 anos) e alta escolaridade (> 8 anos). Foram conduzidas entrevistas semiestruturadas e aprofundadas, orientadas por três perguntas-chave: (1) Quando a atividade física durante a gestação passa a ser considerada um comportamento errado? (2) Quais as principais barreiras (biológicas ou outras) para a prática de atividade física? (3) Estas barreiras são reforçadas pelas ações dos profissionais de saúde e das pessoas próximas à gestante? As entrevistas foram gravadas em áudio, transcritas e analisadas a partir de temas recorrentes. Todas as mulheres mudaram a prática de atividade física (diminuíram ou pararam) quando souberam da gravidez. O medo de aborto espontâneo, contrações e/ou sangramento e o medo de causar malformações no bebê foram os motivos mais relatados para diminuir ou parar a atividade física. Os participantes também não tiveram acesso a informações confiáveis e apoio dos profissionais de saúde sobre os benefícios da atividade física. Apesar das recomendações internacionais atuais para a prática regular de atividade física durante a gestação, a incerteza quanto aos seus benefícios continua sendo comum. As intervenções para promover a atividade física durante esse período devem incluir o treinamento de profissionais de saúde para que eles possam aconselhar e descartar ideias contrárias aos benefícios para a saúde materna e infantil.
El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las creencias y percepciones de mujeres embarazadas y profesionales de la salud con respecto a la práctica de actividad física durante el embarazo. Utilizando un enfoque cualitativo, se entrevistaron 30 mujeres embarazadas y 14 profesionales de salud que cuidaban a estas mujeres durante el segundo trimestre del embarazo. Se incluyeron mujeres que mantuvieron, redujeron o dejaron de practicar actividad física desde el inicio del embarazo. Ellas se dividieron en baja (≤ 8 años) y alta escolaridad (> 8 años). Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y en profundidad, guiadas por tres preguntas clave: (1) ¿Cuándo se considera que la actividad física durante el embarazo es un comportamiento incorrecto? (2) ¿Cuáles son las barreras (biológicas u otras) principales para la práctica de actividad física? (3) ¿Estas barreras se refuerzan por las acciones de los profesionales de salud y de las personas cercanas a la mujer embarazada? Las entrevistas fueron grabadas en audio, transcritas y analizadas a partir de temas recurrentes. Todas las mujeres cambiaron la práctica de actividad física (redujeron o dejaron de practicarla) cuando descubrieron el embarazo. El miedo a sufrir un aborto espontáneo, contracciones y/o sangrado y el miedo a provocar malformaciones en el bebé fueron los motivos más relatados para reducir o dejar de practicar la actividad física. Los participantes también no han tenido acceso a informaciones confiables ni apoyo de los profesionales de salud sobre los beneficios de la actividad física. A pesar de las recomendaciones internacionales actuales para la práctica regular de actividad física durante el embarazo, la incertidumbre cuanto a sus beneficios sigue siendo común. Las intervenciones para promover la actividad física durante este periodo deben incluir la capacitación de profesionales de salud para que puedan aconsejar y descartar ideas contrarias a los beneficios para la salud materna e infantil.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has resulted in worrying effects related to the "new" habits adopted by the population. The long period of school closures and social isolation have profoundly impacted the learning, health, and protection of children and adolescents. Objective: To re-evaluate school athletes quarantined by COVID-19, highlighting the main physical activity (PA), eating and sleeping habits, and the implications related to physical and mental health after one year of the pandemic in the city of Curitiba, Brazil. Methods: Two surveys were conducted, 342 attended the first assessment, and 222 attended the second. An online questionnaire (Google docs) was applied to the students, consisting of 18 closed and open questions in the first moment (beginning of the pandemic) and 22 at the second moment (after one year of the pandemic). Results: Half of the students (53.2%; 57%) reported eating up to three meals daily. With regard to sleeping hours, the majority of students (80%; 79.5%) were able to sleep at night between 6:00 and 10:00. There was a significant decrease in the time spent on social networks, migrating to school activities (p <0.005). Approximately a quarter of the student-athletes (27%) practiced PA every day and felt fulfilled in the first assessment, and in the second assessment, this number increased to 43% (p = 0.009). Conclusion: Despite the decrease in screen time and the increase in regular PA, there was an increase in body weight in more than a third of the athletes evaluated. Those who maintained their body weight maintained healthier lifestyles with several meals within the recommended range and slept 6 to 10 hours per night. Level of Evidence III; Retrospective comparative study.
RESUMEN Introducción: La pandemia provocada por el COVID-19 trajo efectos preocupantes relacionados con los "nuevos" hábitos adoptados por la población. El largo período de cierre de escuelas y aislamiento social ha impactado profundamente en el aprendizaje, la salud y la protección de niños, niñas y adolescentes. Objetivo: Reevaluar atletas escolares sometidos a cuarentena por COVID-19, destacando los principales hábitos de actividad física (AF), alimentación y sueño y las implicaciones relacionadas con la salud física y mental después de un año de pandemia en la ciudad de Curitiba, Brasil. Métodos: Se realizaron dos encuestas, 342 asistieron a la primera evaluación y 222 a la segunda. Se aplicó un cuestionario en línea (Google docs) a los estudiantes, compuesto por 18 preguntas cerradas y abiertas en el primer momento (inicio de la pandemia) y 22 en el segundo momento (después de un año de pandemia). Resultados: La mitad de los estudiantes (53,2%; 57%) refirió tener hasta tres comidas al día. En cuanto al tiempo de sueño, la mayoría de los estudiantes (80%; 79,5%) pudo dormir por la noche entre las 6:00 y las 10:00. Hubo una disminución significativa en el tiempo dedicado a las redes sociales, migrando a las actividades escolares (p <0,005). Aproximadamente una cuarta parte de los estudiantes deportistas (27%) practicaban AF todos los días y se sentían realizados en la primera evaluación, y en la segunda evaluación este número aumentó al 43% (p = 0,009). Conclusión: A pesar de la disminución del tiempo de pantalla y del aumento de la AF regular, hubo un aumento del peso corporal en más de un tercio de los atletas evaluados. Los que mantuvieron su peso corporal fueron aquellos que mantuvieron estilos de vida más saludables con varias comidas dentro del rango recomendado y que dormían de 6 a 10 horas por noche. Nivel de Evidencia III; Estudio comparativo retrospectivo.
RESUMO Introdução: A pandemia provocada pelo COVID-19 resultou em efeitos preocupantes relacionados aos "novos" hábitos adotados pela população. O longo período de fechamento das escolas e o isolamento social têm impactado profundamente a aprendizagem, a saúde e a proteção de crianças e adolescentes. Objetivo: Reavaliar atletas escolares submetidos à quarentena por COVID-19, destacando os principais hábitos de atividade física (AF), alimentação e sono e as implicações relacionadas à saúde física e mental após um ano de pandemia na cidade de Curitiba, Brasil. Métodos: Foram realizadas duas pesquisas, 342 compareceram à primeira avaliação e 222 à segunda. Foi aplicado aos alunos um questionário online (Google docs), composto por 18 questões fechadas e abertas no primeiro momento (início da pandemia) e 22 no segundo momento (após um ano de pandemia). Resultados: Metade dos alunos (53,2%; 57%) relatou fazer até três refeições ao dia. Quanto ao horário de sono, a maioria dos alunos (80%; 79,5%) conseguiu dormir à noite entre 6h00 e 10h00. Houve diminuição significativa do tempo gasto nas redes sociais, migrando para atividades escolares (p <0,005). Aproximadamente um quarto dos alunos atletas (27%) praticava AF todos os dias e se sentiu realizado na primeira avaliação, e na segunda avaliação esse número aumentou para 43% (p = 0,009). Conclusão: Apesar da diminuição do tempo de tela e do aumento da AF regular, houve aumento do peso corporal em mais de um terço dos atletas avaliados. Os que mantiveram o peso corporal foram os que mantiveram estilos de vida mais saudáveis com várias refeições dentro da faixa recomendada e que dormiam de 6 a 10 horas por noite. Nível de Evidência III; Estudo retrospectivo comparativo.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The High Activity Arthroplasty Score (HAAS) is a self-administered questionnaire, developed in British English, that reliably and validly measures the levels of sports activities in patients following hip and knee arthroplasty surgery. OBJECTIVE: To cross-culturally adapt the HAAS to Brazilian Portuguese language. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a public university hospital in Brazil. METHODS: The Brazilian version of the HAAS was created through a six-step process: translation, synthesis, committee review, pretesting, back-translation, and submission to developers. The translation step was conducted by two independent bilingual translators, both native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese. The back-translation was performed by an independent translator, a native speaker of British English. To ensure the questionnaire's comprehensibility, 46 volunteers (51% men; average age 34-63) participated in the pre-testing step. RESULTS: The cross-cultural adaptation process necessitated modifications to certain terms and expressions to achieve cultural equivalence with the original HAAS. CONCLUSION: The HAAS has been translated from English into Brazilian Portuguese and culturally adapted for Brazil. The validation process for HAAS-Brazil is currently underway.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: The Pilates method (PM) combines slow-deep breathing with strengthening and stretching exercises. However, it has been proposed as a method of physical conditioning for several decades and only recently aroused academic/scientific interest, with few reports of the effects of this intervention in hypertensive patients. Objective: to compare PM to aerobic training (AT) effects on hypertensive subjects' blood pressure (BP), functional capacity and autonomic balance. Methods: Twenty-four hypertensive subjects were randomly allocated into two groups: ATG performed three 40 min sessions/week, moderate intensity (40-70% of reserve HR), and PMG performed two 60 min sessions/week; both during the same eight weeks period. Blood pressure (casual and for 24 hours), 6-minute walking test (6-MWT) and autonomic balance were evaluated before and after intervention. Results: There was a reduction on systolic BP (SBP, p=0.007), diastolic (p=0.032) and mean blood pressure (MBP, p=0.016), measured on 24h, on PMG. There was also a 24h SBP reduction on ATG (p=0.021). The PMG had a greater reduction on 24h SBP (-3.4 mmHg, 95% CI -6.6 to -0.2) and MBP (-3.3 mmHg, 95% CI -6.3 to -0.3) than the ATG. ATG held a longer distance in 6-MWT. Casual BP and autonomic balance had no difference. Conclusion: This PM protocol was superior to AT on BP monitored for 24 hours in hypertensive subjects, but AT was better for functional capacity. The eight weeks of training were not enough to change the autonomic balance. Level of Evidence: I; High-quality randomized clinical trial with or without statistically significant difference, but with narrow confidence intervals.
RESUMEN Introducción: el método Pilates (MP) combina la respiración lenta-profunda con ejercicios de fortalecimiento y estiramiento. Aunque se ha propuesto como un método de acondicionamiento físico durante varias décadas, solo recientemente despertó interés académico/científico, con pocos reportes de los efectos de esta intervención en pacientes hipertensos. Objetivo: comparar los efectos del MP con el entrenamiento aeróbico (EA) sobre la presión arterial (PA), la capacidad funcional y el equilibrio autónomo en sujetos hipertensos. Métodos: Veinticuatro sujetos hipertensos fueron asignados aleatoriamente en dos grupos: GEA realizó tres sesiones de 40 min/semana, intensidad moderada (40-70% de la FC de reserva), y GMP realizó dos sesiones de 60 min/semana; ambos durante el mismo período de 8 semanas. La presión arterial (casual y durante 24 horas), la prueba de marcha de 6 minutos y el equilibrio autonómico se evaluaron antes y después de la intervención. Resultados: Hubo una reducción de la PA sistólica (PAS, p = 0,007), diastólica (p = 0,032) y presión arterial media (PAM, p = 0,016), medida a las 24 h, en GMP. También hubo una reducción de PAS en 24 h en GEA (p = 0,021). El GMP tuvo una mayor reducción en la PAS de 24 h (-3,4 mmHg, CI del 95%: -6,6 a -0,2) y la PAM (-3,3 mmHg, CI del 95%: -6,3 a -0,3) que la GEA. GEA mantuvo una mayor distancia en la prueba de marcha de 6 minutos. La PA casual y el equilibrio autónomo no tuvieron diferencias. Conclusión: Este protocolo de MP fue superior al EA en la PA monitoreada durante 24 horas en sujetos hipertensos, pero el EA fue mejor para la capacidad funcional. Las ocho semanas de entrenamiento no fueron suficientes para cambiar el equilibrio autonómico. Nivel de Evidencia: I; Estudio clínico aleatorizado de alta calidad con o sin diferencia estadísticamente significativa, pero con intervalos de confianza estrechos.
RESUMO Introdução: O método Pilates (MP) combina respiração lenta e profunda com exercícios de fortalecimento e alongamento. Embora tenha sido proposto como método de condicionamento físico por várias décadas, só recentemente despertou-se o interesse acadêmico/científico, com poucos relatos dos efeitos dessa intervenção em hipertensos. Objetivos: comparar os efeitos do MP com o treinamento aeróbio (TA) sobre a pressão arterial (PA), capacidade funcional e equilíbrio autonômico em hipertensos. Métodos: Vinte e quatro hipertensos foram alocados aleatoriamente em dois grupos: O grupo GTA realizou três sessões de 40 min/semana, intensidade moderada (40-70% da FC de reserva), e o grupo GMP, que realizou duas sessões de 60 min/semana; ambos durante o mesmo período de 8 semanas. A pressão arterial (casual e após 24 horas), o teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6) e o equilíbrio autonômico foram avaliados antes e depois da intervenção. Resultados: Houve redução da PA sistólica (PAS, p = 0,007), diastólica (p = 0,032) e da pressão arterial média (PAM, p = 0,016), medida em 24h, sem GMP. Também houve redução da PAS em 24h no GTA (p = 0,021). O GMP teve uma redução maior em 24h PAS (-3,4 mmHg, IC 95% -6,6 a -0,2) e PAM (-3,3 mmHg, IC 95% -6,3 a -0,3) do que o GTA. O GTA manteve uma maior distância no TC6. A PA casual e o equilíbrio autonômico não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas. Conclusão: Este protocolo de MP foi superior ao TA na PA monitorada por 24 horas em hipertensos, porém o TA foi superior para a capacidade funcional. As oito semanas de treinamento não foram suficientes para alterar o equilíbrio autonômico. Nível de Evidência: 1; Estudo clínico randomizado de alta qualidade com ou sem diferença estatisticamente significativa, mas com intervalos de confiança estreitos.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Physical activity is an important tool to manage systemic arterial hypertension. However, less is known about the relationship of physical activity with the number of antihypertensive drugs used by older adults. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the number of antihypertensive drugs used by older female adults (aged ≥ 60 years) with a low level of physical activity with the number used by those with a high level of physical activity, and to verify how many participants used more than two antihypertensive drugs. Methods: Twenty-eight physically active older women with systemic arterial hypertension who participated in a physical activity program for community-dwelling older female adults were divided into two groups: participants who presented lower habitual physical activity levels were placed in group 1 and participants that presented higher habitual physical activity levels were placed in group 2, according to the Baecke questionnaire. In addition, the number of antihypertensive drugs used by participants was collected. Results: The number of prescribed antihypertensive drugs was 2.0 (median) for both groups investigated. There was no significant difference between groups regarding the number of antihypertensive tablets prescribed (p>0.05). Although there was no statistical difference, a higher proportion of participants from the lower physical activity group used more than two antihypertensive drugs. Conclusion: The level of habitual physical activity did not affect the number of antihypertensive tablets used by hypertensive elderly women. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.
RESUMEN Introducción: La actividad física es una herramienta importante para el manejo de la hipertensión arterial sistémica. Sin embargo, se sabe poco sobre la relación de la actividad física con la cantidad de medicamentos antihipertensivos utilizados por las ancianas. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue hacer una comparación entre el número de medicamentos antihipertensivos utilizados por mujeres adultas mayores (≥ 60 años) y bajo nivel de actividad física con el número utilizado por aquellas con alto nivel de actividad física, y verificar cuántas de las participantes usaron más de dos medicamentos antihipertensivos. Métodos: Veintiocho ancianas físicamente activas con hipertensión arterial sistémica que participaron en un programa de actividad física para mujeres adultas mayores residentes en la comunidad fueran divididas en dos grupos: las participantes que presentaron niveles más bajos de actividad física habitual se ubicaron en el grupo 1 y las participantes que presentaron los mayores niveles de actividad física se ubicaron en el grupo 2, según el cuestionario de Baecke. Además, se recogió el número de medicamentos antihipertensivos utilizados por las participantes. Resultados: El número de comprimidos antihipertensivos prescritos fue de 2,0 (mediana) para ambos grupos investigados. No hubo diferencia significativa entre los grupos en cuanto al número de medicamentos antihipertensivos prescritos (p>0,05). Aunque no hubo diferencia estadística, una mayor proporción de participantes del grupo de menor actividad física usó más de dos medicamentos antihipertensivos. Conclusión: El nivel de actividad física habitual no afectó el número de comprimidos antihipertensivos utilizados por las ancianas hipertensas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos: investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.
RESUMO Introdução: A atividade física é uma importante ferramenta no manejo da hipertensão arterial sistêmica. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre a relação entre a atividade física e a quantidade de anti-hipertensivos usados por idosos. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma comparação entre o número de anti-hipertensivos usados por idosas (≥ 60 anos) com baixo nível de atividade física com o número usado por aquelas com alto nível de atividade física, verificando quantas participantes usaram mais de dois anti-hipertensivos. Métodos: Vinte e oito idosas fisicamente ativas com hipertensão arterial sistêmica que participavam de um programa de atividade física para idosas da comunidade foram divididas em dois grupos: as participantes que apresentaram níveis mais baixos de atividade física habitual foram colocadas no grupo 1 e as participantes que apresentaram maiores níveis de atividade física foram colocados no grupo 2, de acordo com o questionário de Baecke. Ademais, coletou-se o número de medicamentos anti-hipertensivos utilizados pelas participantes. Resultados: O número de fármacos anti-hipertensivos prescritos foi de 2,0 (mediana) para ambos os grupos investigados. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos quanto ao número de comprimidos anti-hipertensivos prescritos (p>0,05). Embora não tenha havido diferença estatística, uma maior proporção de participantes entre o grupo de menor atividade física utilizava mais de dois anti-hipertensivos. Conclusão: O nível de atividade física habitual não afetou a quantidade de comprimidos anti-hipertensivos utilizados pelas idosas hipertensas. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
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Introduction: Quality of life is a multifaceted construct that depends on the person's subjective perception; however, some studies have shown self-efficacy and cognition with possible indicators of this positive perception of quality of life in people. Objective: Examined prediction of Quality of Life (QL) and its domains according to self-efficacy, physical activity (PA) and cognition among elderly people attending public Open Universities for the elderly in the State of Paraná, Brazil. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive correlational study with a sample of 277 elderly. Questionnaires used: Sociodemographic, WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-OLD, IPAQ, General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale and Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination. Statistical: Descriptive and inferential analysis (correlation and multiple linear regression), significancep < .05. Results: The mean age was 67.60 (SD=6.65). Self-efficacy was related to QOL and to all domains. PA correlated with general QOL and the Psychological and Social domains. Cognition was correlated with general QOL and five other domains (Physical, Psychological, Social, Environmental, Sensory functioning, Past/Present/ Future Activities). Self-efficacy, PA and Cognition can explain 10% of the general QOL, and 14% of the Environmental domain. The specific QOL and its domains had 10% of explanation. Conclusion: QOL can be explained by the constructs self-efficacy, cognition and PA.
Introducción: La calidad de vida es un constructo multifacético que depende de la percepción subjetiva de la persona; sin embargo, algunos estudios han demostrado que la autoeficacia y la cognición son posibles indicadores de esta percepción positiva de la calidad de vida en las personas. Objetivo: se examinó la predicción de la calidad de vida (CV) y sus dominios según la autoeficacia, la actividad física (AF) y la cognición entre ancianos que asisten a Universidad Abierta para Adultos Mayores en el Estado de Paraná, Brasil. Método: estudio transversal descriptivo correlacional con una muestra de 277 ancianos. Cuestionarios utilizados: sociodemográfico, WHOQOL-BREF y WHOQOL-OLD, IPAQ, Escala de Autoeficacia Percibida General y Examen Cognitivo de Addenbrooke. Estadística: análisis descriptivo e inferencial (correlación y regresión lineal múltiple), significancia p < .05. Resultados: la edad media fue de 67.60 (DE=6.65). La autoeficacia se relacionó con la calidad de vida y con todos los dominios. AF se correlacionó con la CV general y los dominios psicológico y social. La cognición se correlacionó con la calidad de vida general y otros cinco dominios (funcionamiento físico, psicológico, social, ambiental, sensorial, actividades pasadas/presentes/futuras). Autoeficacia, AF y cognición pueden explicar el 10% de la CV general y el 14% del dominio ambiental. La CV específica y sus dominios tuvieron 10% de explicación. Conclusión: la CV puede ser explicada por los constructos autoeficacia, cognición y AF.
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Introducción: El ejercicio físico puede generar especies reactivas de oxígeno que dañan componentes celulares esenciales, como la fatiga. Los flavonoides, debido a su baja toxicidad y actividad antioxidante, se han estudiado como potenciales suplementos alimenticios para mejorar el rendimiento deportivo. Objetivo: Describir la evidencia científica que se ha obtenido sobre la eficacia del uso de flavonoides como suplementos para mejorar el rendimiento físico deportivo. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sobre la eficacia del uso de flavonoides como suplementos para el rendimiento físico y deportivo en las bases de datos PubMed y Google Scholar. Se utilizaron las palabras clave: flavonoid, supplementation, sport, exercise, fatigue, muscle, fats, physical activity, y se tomaron en cuenta los artículos publicados entre los años 2018 y 2022, en idioma inglés que cumplieron con los criterios de selección. Resultados: Los flavonoides son capaces de disminuir la fatiga debido al esfuerzo físico en un contexto deportivo, principalmente debido a su capacidad de regular la actividad de agentes antioxidantes endógenos como las enzimas superóxido dismutasa, catalasa y glutatión peroxidasa, que se encargan de la neutralización de las especies reactivas de oxígeno. Además, son capaces de favorecer la neutralización de metabolitos tóxicos que se generan durante el ejercicio y de aumentar las reservas energéticas (glicógeno en el hígado y músculos) y la resistencia muscular. Conclusiones: Existe evidencia científica de que los flavonoides son capaces de mejorar el rendimiento físico deportivo principalmente al disminuir la fatiga e incrementar la resistencia muscular.
Introduction: Physical exercise can generate reactive oxygen species that damage essential cellular components, such as fatigue. Flavonoids, due to their low toxicity and antioxidant activity, have been studied as potential dietary supplements to improve sports performance. Objective: To describe the scientific evidence that has been obtained on the efficacy of the use of flavonoids as supplements to improve sports physical performance. Methods: A search was carried out, in PubMed and Google Scholar databases, on the efficacy of the use of flavonoids as supplements for physical and sports performance. The keywords were used flavonoid, supplementation, sport, exercise, fatigue, muscle, fats, physical activity. Articles published from 2018 to 2022, in English, that met the selection criteria were taken into account. Results: Flavonoids are capable of reducing fatigue due to physical exertion in a sports context, mainly due to their ability to regulate the activity of endogenous antioxidant agents such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes, which are responsible for the neutralization of reactive oxygen species. In addition, they are capable of favoring the neutralization of toxic metabolites that are generated during exercise and of increasing energy reserves (glycogen in the liver and muscles) and muscular resistance. Conclusions: There is scientific evidence that flavonoids are capable of improving sports physical performance, mainly by reducing fatigue and increasing muscular resistance.
ABSTRACT
Introduction/Objectives: Obesity rates are reaching alarming levels. Adolescence is a critical period for the prevention of nutritional problems, as it is a time of development of one's own eating habits. These habits will persist into adulthood, so showing adolescents healthy lifestyle patterns is important. The ideal option would be through school-based nutrition intervention programmes. The main objective of this article is to investigate the effectiveness of intervention programmes based on nutritional knowledge and the behaviour of adolescents aged 11-19 years. Method: To carry out this systematic review we employed Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science as databases and a search period that spanned the last 10 years, following the PRISMA statement. Subsequent to the search, 110 articles were found. Finally, 19 articles were selected for in-depth analysis after a thorough screening. Results: The results show that, in general, intervention programmers have improved the nutritional knowledge of high school students, which means an improvement in their eating behaviours. In addition, these programmes increase their levels of physical activity. However, gender differences are observed, with girls being more concerned about maintaining a balanced diet. Conclusion: In conclusion, schools are an ideal environment for developing programmes that interfere in adolescent eating behaviour.
Introducción/Objetivos: Las tasas de obesidad están alcanzando niveles alarmantes. La adolescencia es un periodo crítico para la prevención de problemas nutricionales, ya que es un momento de desarrollo de los propios hábitos alimentarios. Estos hábitos permanecerán en la edad adulta, por lo que es importante mostrarles a los adolescentes patrones de estilo de vida saludable. La opción ideal sería a través de programas de intervención nutricional en las escuelas. El objetivo principal de este artículo es investigar la efectividad de los programas de intervención basados en el conocimiento y comportamiento nutricional en adolescentes de 11 a 19 años. Métodos: Para llevar a cabo esta revisión sistemática utilizamos como bases de datos Scopus, PubMed y Web of Science y un periodo de búsqueda que abarcó los últimos diez años, siguiendo la declaración Prisma. Después de la búsqueda, se encontraron 110 artículos. Finalmente, 19 artículos fueron seleccionados para un análisis en profundidad después de una revisión exhaustiva. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que, en general, los programas de intervención han mejorado los conocimientos nutricionales de los estudiantes de secundaria, lo que significa una mejora en sus conductas alimentarias. Además, estos programas aumentan sus niveles de actividad física. Sin embargo, se observan diferencias de género, estando las chicas más preocupadas por mantener una dieta equilibrada. Conclusiones: En conclusión, las escuelas son un ambiente ideal para el desarrollo de programas que interfieren en la conducta alimentaria de los adolescentes.
ABSTRACT
Hoy día la hipertensión arterial es una enfermedad que afecta aproximadamente a la tercera parte de la población adulta a nivel mundial. Esta patología, a su vez, es el primer factor de riesgo cardiovascular, pero también un factor de riesgo de enfermedad renal crónica y demencia. Las enfermedades cardiovasculares constituyen la primera causa de muerte a nivel mundial, regional, nacional y provincial, por lo que son de vital importancia las acciones encaminadas al manejo, control y reducción del riesgo a desarrollarlas. La práctica saludable de ejercicio físico es una herramienta económica y efectiva como coadyuvante del tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial y reductora de riesgo cardiovascular. Tanto los ejercicios aeróbicos como anaeróbicos tienen efectos positivos sobre las cifras de presión arterial, ayudan a controlar los niveles de colesterol en sangre, y son efectivos contra la dislipidemia e incluso contra la diabetes mellitus, patologías que elevan aún más el riesgo cardiovascular. La actividad física saludable también combate el sedentarismo y regula el peso corporal. Sin embargo, el estado de actividad física no se tiene en cuenta directamente a la hora de estratificar el riesgo cardiovascular en los predictores usados actualmente en el país, que son los propuestos por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud. De ahí que este trabajo tenga como objetivo fundamentar el papel de la práctica de actividad física como reductora de riesgo cardiovascular en personas hipertensas.
Today, arterial hypertension is a disease that affects almost one third of the adult population worldwide. This disease, in turn, is the first cardiovascular risk factor, but also a risk factor for chronic renal disease and dementia. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of dead at the global, regional, national and provincial levels, so actions aimed at managing, controlling and reducing the risk of developing them are of vital importance. The healthy practice of physical exercise is an effective and economic tool as an adjuvant to the treatment of arterial hypertension and reductor of cardiovascular risk. Both aerobic and anaerobic exercises have positive effects on blood pressure levels, help control blood cholesterol levels and are effective against dyslipidemia and even against diabetes mellitus, pathologies that further increase cardiovascular risk. Healthy physical activity also fights sedentary lifestyle and regulates body weight. However, the physical activity status is not directly taken into account when stratifying cardiovascular risk in the predictors currently used in the country that are those proposed by the Pan American Health Organization. That is why this work aims to substantiate the role of the practice of physical activity as cardiovascular risk reductor in hypertensive persons.
ABSTRACT
Los Combinados Deportivos son instituciones de base del Sistema Deportivo Cubano. Su ubicación se corresponde con la demarcación territorial de los Consejos Populares. Como parte de su encargo social, deben contribuir a la calidad de vida de la población. El objetivo de este artículo consistió en diseñar una metodología que se sustente en una concepción teórica caracterizada por un enfoque transformador, para el perfeccionamiento de la dinámica participativa en la gestión del subsistema de Actividad Física Comunitaria (AFC) en el combinado deportivo. Su importancia radica en la aplicación de una metodología para perfeccionar la dinámica participativa en esta área, validada a partir de la experimentación en el combinado deportivo, como estructura básica del sistema deportivo del Instituto Nacional de Deportes, Educación Física y Recreación (Inder). Se emplearon métodos empíricos como: la revisión de documentos, recolección de datos, encuesta, entrevista, observación participante, taller de sensibilización y el preexperimento. Para su aplicación, se emplearon dos unidades de análisis: una destinada a evaluar el proceso de gestión con dos dimensiones y otra para evaluar la dinámica participativa con dos dimensiones, todas ellas con sus indicadores e instrumentos de medición. Los resultados obtenidos muestran fisuras e insuficiencias en la gestión de la dinámica participativa del subsistema de AFC, no obstante, la implementación de la metodología, aporta instrumentos diagnósticos para la labor de directivos y profesores, con vistas a evaluar la gestión de manera integral en el combinado. La fuerza técnica y la estructura de dirección del combinado consideran pertinentes los instrumentos que permiten diagnosticar la dinámica participativa en el subsistema de referencia, que develan las esencias de la participación comunitaria, las causas que limitan este proceso, sus resultados y los criterios relacionados con los temas, las formas y los involucrados en la participación comunitaria, en función de la gestión del combinado.
As Combinações Esportivas são instituições base do Sistema Desportivo Cubano. A sua localização corresponde à demarcação territorial dos Conselhos Populares. Como parte da sua responsabilidade social, devem contribuir para a qualidade de vida da população. O objetivo deste artigo foi desenhar uma metodologia baseada em uma concepção teórica caracterizada por uma abordagem transformadora, para a melhoria das dinâmicas participativas na gestão do subsistema de Atividade Física Comunitária (AFC) na equipe esportiva. Sua importância reside na aplicação de uma metodologia para aperfeiçoar a dinâmica participativa nesta área, validada a partir da experimentação na equipe esportiva, como estrutura básica do sistema esportivo do Instituto Nacional de Esporte, Educação Física e Recreação (Inder). Foram utilizados métodos empíricos como: revisão documental, coleta de dados, levantamento, entrevista, observação participante, oficina de sensibilização e pré-experimento. Para sua aplicação foram utilizadas duas unidades de análise: uma destinada a avaliar o processo de gestão com duas dimensões e outra para avaliar a dinâmica participativa com duas dimensões, todas elas com seus indicadores e instrumentos de medição. Os resultados obtidos mostram fissuras e insuficiências na gestão da dinâmica participativa do subsistema AFC, porém, a implementação da metodologia fornece instrumentos de diagnóstico para o trabalho de diretores e professores, com vistas a avaliar a gestão de forma abrangente no conjunto. A força técnica e a estrutura de gestão da equipa consideram relevantes os instrumentos que permitem diagnosticar a dinâmica participativa no subsistema de referência, que revelam as essências da participação comunitária, as causas que limitam este processo, os seus resultados e os critérios relativos aos temas, formas e dos envolvidos na participação comunitária, dependendo da gestão da equipe.
The Sports Complexes are base institutions of the Cuban Sports System. Its location corresponds to the territorial demarcation of the Popular Councils. As part of their social responsibility, they must contribute to the quality of life of the population. The objective of this article was to design a methodology that is based on a theoretical conception characterized by a transformative approach, for the improvement of the participatory dynamics in the management of the Community Physical Activity (AFC in Spanish) subsystem in the sports complexes. Its importance lies in the application of a methodology to improve the participatory dynamics in this area, validated from experimentation in the sports complex, as a basic structure of the sports system of the National Institute of Sports, Physical Education and Recreation (INDER). Empirical methods were used such as: document review, data collection, survey, interview, participant observation, awareness workshop and pre-experiment. For its application, two units of analysis were used: one intended to evaluate the management process with two dimensions and another to evaluate the participatory dynamics with two dimensions, all of them with their indicators and measurement instruments. The results obtained show fissures and insufficiencies in the management of the participatory dynamics of the AFC subsystem, however, the implementation of the methodology provides diagnostic instruments for the work of managers and teachers, with a view to evaluating the management in an integral way in the complex. The technical staff and the management structure of the sport complex consider the instruments are pertinent that allow diagnosing the participatory dynamics in the subsystem of reference, which reveal the essence of community participation, the causes that limit this process, its results and the criteria related to the results. themes, forms and those involved in community participation, depending on the management of the sport complex.