ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the antidiabetic effect of Rourea cuspidata hydroalcoholic stem extract in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: In order to evaluate the chemical composition, different extracts from stem in ascending solvent order of polarity were prepared. The extracts were analyzed by high resolution mass spectrometry and 7 compounds were identified, including hyperin, an important and already reported active compound in the literature. Hyperin was also quantified by HPLC-UV in all the extracts. The hydroalcoholic stem extract (Ss5), which showed the highest concentration of hyperin, was administered to STZ-induced diabetes rats to evaluate the potential hypoglycemic activity. Total cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides, ALT and AST were also evaluated. In the present study, the effects of oral administration of hydroalcoholic stem extract (200 mg/kg b. wt.) for 28 days on the level of serum glucose, total cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides, aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alanine amino transferase (ALT) in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were evaluated. Histopathological changes in diabetic rats' pancreas were also studied. Results: The extract exposition demonstrated hypoglycemic effect like the drug control glibenclamide. The extract was able to increase the HDL levels. Histopathological study on diabetic rats' pancreas after extract treatment showed morphological alterations in STZ-induced diabetes rats, which were apparently restored after extract treatment. Conclusions: This work demonstrates the potential use of R. cuspidata as hypoglycemic agent in the treatment of diabetes.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the antidiabetic effect of Rourea cuspidata hydroalcoholic stem extract in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods In order to evaluate the chemical composition, different extracts from stem in ascending solvent order of polarity were prepared. The extracts were analyzed by high resolution mass spectrometry and 7 compounds were identified, including hyperin, an important and already reported active compound in the literature. Hyperin was also quantified by HPLC-UV in all the extracts. The hydroalcoholic stem extract (Ss5), which showed the highest concentration of hyperin, was administered to STZ-induced diabetes rats to evaluate the potential hypoglycemic activity. Total cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides, ALT and AST were also evaluated. In the present study, the effects of oral administration of hydroalcoholic stem extract (200 mg/kg b. wt.) for 28 days on the level of serum glucose, total cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides, aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alanine amino transferase (ALT) in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were evaluated. Histopathological changes in diabetic rats' pancreas were also studied. Results The extract exposition demonstrated hypoglycemic effect like the drug control glibenclamide. The extract was able to increase the HDL levels. Histopathological study on diabetic rats' pancreas after extract treatment showed morphological alterations in STZ-induced diabetes rats, which were apparently restored after extract treatment. Conclusions This work demonstrates the potential use of R. cuspidata as hypoglycemic agent in the treatment of diabetes.
ABSTRACT
Given the many traditional uses of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. and the widespread employment of dry extracts in herbal medicine and phytocosmetics, the aim of this study is to characterize an atomized extract of O. ficus-indica cladodes, as well as to analyze its phytochemical composition and assay the total phenol content. In addition, the antioxidant, antimicrobial and photoprotective activities of the extract and its capacity to inhibit the enzyme tyrosinase were assessed, with a view to its pharmaceutical use. The physicochemical characterization was performed by pharmacopoeial tests, thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy. Phytochemicals were analyzed by thin layer chromatography and total phenols by spectroscopy in the visible region. Antioxidant activity was detected by the method of free radical (DPPH?) scavenging and antimicrobial activity by the agar diffusion method, while inhibition of tyrosinase was estimated by the diphenolase activity assay and photoprotective activity by a spectrophotometric method. The pharmacopeial tests, IR spectroscopy and thermal analysis enabled the atomized extract to be characterized. Concerning the potential for pharmaceutical use, it was found that, under the study conditions, the extract did not show any antioxidant, antimicrobial or photoprotective activity. However, it did show a modest tyrosinase inhibitory capacity. The originality of the proposed research on O. ficus-indica in the pharmaceutical should be emphasized, as it opens new prospects for the study of a species that is so
Diante das múltiplas potencialidades da Opuntiaficus-indica (L.) Mill. relatadas na literatura e amplaempregabilidade dos extratos secos na produção defitoterápicos e fitocosméticos, este estudo objetivoucaracterizar o extrato nebulizado dos cladódios deO. ficus-indica bem como verificar a composiçãofitoquímica e quantificar os fenóis totais. O estudopropõe ainda avaliar as atividades antioxidante,antimicrobiana, inibidora da enzima tirosinase efotoprotetora do extrato visando à sua utilizaçãofarmacêutica. A caracterização físico-química foirealizada através de testes farmacopeicos, análisetérmica e espectroscopia na região do infravermelho.A caracterização fitoquímica foi feita por CCD e aquantificação de fenóis por espectroscopia na região dovisível (725 nm). A atividade antioxidante foi analisadapela técnica do sequestro do radical livre DPPH*,a atividade antibacteriana pelo método de difusãoem ágar, a atividade inibidora da enzima tirosinaseatravés da verificação da ação difenolase e a atividadefotoprotetora pelo método in vitro de Mansur. Asanálises farmacopeicas, espectroscópicas e térmicaspermitiram caracterizar o extrato nebulizado de O.ficus-indica. Quanto à avaliação das potencialidadesfoi detectado que, nas condições do estudo, o extratonão apresentou atividade antioxidante, antimicrobianae fotoprotetora. Contudo, demonstrou relativacapacidade inibitória da enzima tirosinase. Portanto,cabe então destacar a originalidade da pesquisa com aO. fícus-indica (L.) Mill. na área farmacêutica, dandoperspectivas para novos estudos com essa espécie tãoabundante e adaptada ao semi-árido brasileiro.
ABSTRACT
The use of plants and their derived substances increases day by day for the discovery of new therapeutic agents owing to their versatile applications. Conocarpus erectus L. (family Combretaceae) is one of two species in the genus Conocarpus widely spread in Taif and other parts of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It is used in some countries as folk remedy for anemia, catarrh, conjunctivitis, diabetes, diarrhea and fever. To our knowledge from literatures there is little work about phytochemical contents and biological activities of C. erectus which encouraged the authors to carry out this study. The four defatted methanol extracts of C. erectus different parts (leaves, stems, fruits and flowers) showed high free radical scavenging activity toward DPPH radical with SC50 between 6.47-9.4 μg/ml. The n- BuOH fractions obtained from successive fractionation of the four defatted methanol extracts had radical scavenging activity with SC50 between 4.43-5.89 μg/ml higher than the EtOAc fractions (7.04-10.71 μg/ml). Due to the high antioxidant activity of the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions, it was in vitro assayed toward two human cancer cell lines; HepG2 & MCF-7; using Sulphorhodamine-B assay method. The results showed that most fractions had cytotoxic activity with IC50< 20μg/ml which fall within the American Cancer Institute criteria. A preliminary antibacterial screening of the four defatted methanol extracts of the different parts toward five bacterial strains were done. Phytochemical investigation of the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions showed that phenolic compounds constitute the major components of it. In conclusion this is the first report on the phytochemical and biological properties of Conocarpus erectus growing in Taif governorate, KSA. More in vivo and in vitro studies along with detailed phytochemical investigation are needed in the hope to can use this plant (crude extract, fractions, sub-fractions or pure compounds) in the prevention and therapies of some diseases.