Políticas públicas de zoonosis en Colombia, 1975-2014: un abordaje desde la ciencia política y la salud pública / Public policies of zoonoses in Colombia, 1975-2014: an approach from Political Science and Public Health

RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar las políticas públicas de zoonosis en Colombia, en términos de capacidad de respuesta, decisiones, procesos y resultados, aproximándose a los impactos de las mismas, en el período de 1975 a 2014. Métodos Se realizó un estudio de análisis y evaluación de políticas públicas, con un diseño mixto. Se seleccionaron algunas zoonosis con base en su importancia en salud pública, epidemiología, ubicación en la política y disponibilidad de información consecutiva. Se utilizaron fuentes secundarias de tipo documental y fuentes primarias por medio de una encuesta comentada. Se construyó un marco interpretativo, histórico y estructural, desde el punto de vista económico, epidemiológico y político. Para el análisis de las políticas se utilizó el enfoque secuencial y, de manera complementaria, el enfoque de desarrollo institucional. Se llevó a cabo un análisis de tendencias de las zoonosis seleccionadas. Resultados El marco interpretativo abordó el contexto macro y los procesos clave en dos períodos: 1975-1990 y 1990-2014. El análisis de las políticas públicas en zoonosis se adelantó según su nivel de decisión y relaciones verticales y horizontales entre las mismas. Se obtuvo un análisis de tendencias de las zoonosis en el largo plazo, aproximándose a una valoración del impacto de las políticas. Conclusiones La diversificación y profundización instrumental de las políticas sugieren que las mismas se han acercado a la comprensión y capacidad de manejo de las problemáticas complejas de las zoonosis. Sin embargo, el análisis de tendencias sugiere que el impacto de las políticas públicas en zoonosis sigue siendo limitado.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze public policies regarding zoonoses in Colombia, in terms of responsiveness, decision-making, processes and results, approaching their impact in the period between 1975 and 2014. Methods An analysis and assessment of public policies were carried out using a mixed design. Some zoonoses were selected based on their importance for public health, epidemiology, policy and availability of consecutive information. Secondary documentary sources and primary sources were used through an annotated survey. An interpretive, historical and structural framework was built from an economic, epidemiological and political point of view. For policy analysis, the sequential approach was used and, in a complementary manner, the institutional development approach. A trend analysis of selected zoonoses was carried out. Results The interpretive framework addressed the macro context and the key processes in two periods: 1975-1990 and 1990-2014. The analysis of public policies in zoonoses was conducted according to their decision level and the vertical and horizontal relationships between them. A trend analysis of zoonoses in the long term, as well as an assessment of the impact of the policies, was obtained. Conclusions Policy diversification and instrumental depth suggest that they have approached the understanding and management capacity of the complex problems of zoonoses. However, the trend analysis suggests that the impact of public policies on zoonoses is still limited.(AU)

Metodologia de avaliação estratégica de processo de gestão ambiental municipal / A methodology for strategic assessment of municipal environmental management process

Este artigo insere-se nos estudos de gestão ambiental municipal. Tem por objetivo elaborar e detalhar uma proposta de metodologia de avaliação de processo de gestão ambiental, avaliação estratégica contínua, aplicada a processos participativos. Trata-se de um registro de uma experiência realizada no município de Santo André (SP) que resultou em metodologia de avaliação. A finalidade desta experiência foi desenvolver um instrumento que favorecesse o feedback aos formuladores e tomadores de decisão sobre as suas políticas, propiciando um processo de melhoria contínua. Não obstante os avanços na formulação de políticas públicas ambientais, observa-se ainda lacunas nas práticas de monitoramento e avaliação de sua implementação, gerando obstáculos à efetivação de seus objetivos.

This paper, part of studies on environmental management, aims at elaborating in detail a proposal of strategic assessment methodology applied to participative processes. It registers an experience which happened in the city of Santo André – SP.. Its objective was to develop an instrument to favor feedback to policy and decision makers about their policies, promoting a process of continuous improvement. In spite of the advances in the formulation of environmental public policies, gaps can still be observed in the evaluation of their implementation, which hinders the completion of its objectives.