Factores laborales y consumo psicotrópico entre trabajadores de la salud de Centros de Atención Psicosocial / Occupational Factors and Psychotropic Drugs Consumption in Health Workers from Psychosocial Care Centers

Introducción: El entorno laboral y sus circunstancias, especialmente en profesiones con alta carga de estrés, son factores de vulnerabilidad de los trabajadores en relación al uso de sustancias psicoactivas. En este sentido, rutinas de trabajo insalubre ponen los profesionales de la salud en situaciones de riesgo cuanto a la estabilidad física y mental. Objetivo: Evaluar la prevalencia de los factores laborales asociados al consumo de psicotrópicos por parte de profesionales de la salud en los Centros de Atención Psicosocial. Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico, realizado en siete unidades de los centros de una capital del noreste de Brasil, de febrero a junio de 2019. Los 161 trabajadores de la salud activos participaron en la investigación; las informaciones fueron recolectadas por el instrumento Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test y el cuestionario sobre condiciones sociodemográficas, ocupacionales, de salud y consumo de psicotrópicos. Para el análisis estadístico descriptivo, los datos se ingresaron en el Microsoft Excel 2016, después exportados al programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, 23.0. Resultados: En el análisis de las motivaciones para el uso/abuso de psicotrópicos se observó recurrencia de estresores ocupacionales: condiciones de trabajo (5,80 por ciento), insatisfacción laboral (2,90 por ciento), dificultades de relacionarse (1,40 por ciento) y aumento de la productividad (1,60 por ciento). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de condiciones insalubres y estresantes entre los factores que influyen en el consumo de psicotrópicos por parte de los profesionales de la salud destaca la vulnerabilidad de estos trabajadores en relación con las condiciones diarias de trabajo(AU)

Introduction: The work environment and its circumstances, especially in professions with a high stress load, are factors for workers' vulnerability regarding the use of psychoactive substances. In this respect, unhealthy work routines put health professionals at risk in terms of physical and mental stability. Objective: To assess the prevalence of occupational factors associated with the consumption of psychotropic drugs by health professionals in psychosocial care centers. Methods: Analytical and cross-sectional study carried out, from February to June 2019, in seven units at centers of a capital city of northeastern Brazil. The 161 active health workers participated in the research. The information was collected using the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) and the questionnaire on sociodemographic, occupational and health-related conditions, as well as on psychotropic drugs consumption. For the descriptive statistical analysis, the data were entered into Microsoft Excel 2016, and then exported to the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program (23.0). Results: In the analysis of the motivations for the use and/or overuse of psychotropic drugs, recurrence of occupational stressors was observed: working conditions (5.80 percent), job dissatisfaction (2.90 percent), relationship difficulties (1.40 percent) and increased productivity (1.60 percent). Conclusions: The prevalence of unhealthy and stressing conditions among the factors that influence psychotropic drugs consumption by health professionals highlights the vulnerability of these workers regarding daily working conditions(AU)

Síndrome de Burnout y factores asociados en estudiantes de Medicina / Burnout Syndrome and associated factors in Medical students

Introducción: El Síndrome de Burnout, hace referencia a la afectación laboral y/o psicológica como consecuencia de la interacción con otros individuos. Dentro de la comunidad médica, se ha convertido en un problema cada vez más frecuente, por la elevación de los niveles estrés al que están sometidos y que podría originarse durante su formación académica. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia del Síndrome de Burnout en los estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Icesi haciendo uso del enfoque tridimensional en el periodo académico 2016. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, realizado en una muestra aleatoria simple en estudiantes de 6-12 semestre del programa de Medicina. Se empleó una encuesta autodiligenciada anónima directa con información sociodemográfica y del modelo de Maslach Burnout Inventory. Resultados: Participaron 161 estudiantes, en su mayoría mujeres, con edad media de 21 años. La prevalencia del Síndrome de Burnout fue del 4,3 por ciento, destacando que el 47,8 por ciento de los estudiantes presentó reducida realización personal. El X semestre se asoció con alteraciones significativas en todas las dimensiones valoradas. Conclusiones: Se considera necesario brindar un acompañamiento psicológico continuo en el proceso de la formación que permita a los estudiantes afrontar las situaciones estresantes y así evitar la presentación del síndrome y sus consecuencias(AU)

Introduction: The burnout syndrome makes reference to the work-related or psychological affectation as a consequence of the interaction with other individuals. Within the medical community, it has become an increasingly frequent problem due to the increase of stress levels to which workers are subjected and which could appear during their academic training. Objective: To determine the prevalence of burnout syndrome in the medical students of Icesi University in the academic period 2016, using the three-dimensional approach. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in a simple randomized sample of students in the 6-12 semester of the Medicine program. We used an anonymous direct self-directed survey with sociodemographic information and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Results: 161 students participated, mostly women, with an average age of 21 years. The prevalence of burnout syndrome was 4.3 percent, highlighting that 47.8 percent of the students had reduced personal performance. The tenth semester was associated with significant alterations in all the dimensions assessed. Conclusions: It is necessary to provide a continuous psychological accompaniment in the training process that allows students to cope with stressful situations and thus avoid the onset of the syndrome and its consequences(AU)

Síndrome de Burnout em graduandos de Odontologia / Burnout syndrome among dental students

A Síndrome de Burnout caracteriza-se por esgotamento profissional e tem sido relatada em estudantes universitários. O objetivo desse estudo foi estimar a prevalência da Síndrome de Burnout em estudantes de Odontologia de uma universidade pública e sua relação com características sociodemográficas. Todos os estudantes (n = 300) foram convidados a participar. Utilizou-se o Inventário de Burnout de Maslach - versão estudantes (MBI-SS). Realizou-se análise das propriedades psicométricas do MBI-SS. Para comparação entre os escores médios das dimensões do Burnout realizou-se Análise de Variância Multivariada (MANOVA) seguida de Análise de Variância (ANOVA) e testes post-hoc de Tukey. Dos 235 participantes, 72,8 por cento eram mulheres e a média de idade era de 21,0 ± 1,8 anos. O MBI-SS mostrou-se confiável e válido. Dos estudantes, 17,0 por cento apresentaram a Síndrome de Burnout. Verificou-se relação significativa entre a Síndrome de Burnout e o desempenho do estudante no curso (F = 4,433, p < 0,001), o consumo de medicação devido aos estudos (F = 7,721, p < 0,001) e o pensamento de desistir do curso (F = 16,168, p < 0,001). Foram mais acometidos aqueles com desempenho ruim no curso, que consomem medicações devido aos estudos e que já pensaram em desistir do curso. Conclui-se que a prevalência da Síndrome entre os estudantes de Odontologia foi alta, sendo significativa a relação entre a Síndrome e o desempenho do estudante no curso, o consumo de medicação devido aos estudos e o pensamento de desistir do curso.

The burnout syndrome is characterized by professional exhaustion and has been reported in college students. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Burnout Syndrome among dentistry students from a public university, and its relationship to socio-demographic characteristics. All students (n = 300) were invited to participate. We used the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Student Version (MBI-SS). We carried out an analysis of the MBI-SS' psychometric properties. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was performed, followed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post-hoc tests to compare the mean scores of burnout dimensions. Of the 235 participants, 72.8 percent were women and the mean age was 21.0 ± 1.8 years. The MBI-SS was reliable and valid. Of the students, 17.0 percent had Burnout Syndrome. There was a significant relation between Burnout Syndrome and a student's performance during the course (F = 4.433, p < 0.001), medication intake because of studies (F = 7.721, p < 0.001), and the thought of dropping the course (F = 16.168, p < 0.001). The students most affected were those with poor performance, those who took medication because of studies, and those with thoughts of dropping the course. We concluded that the prevalence of the syndrome among dentistry students was high, with a significant relation between the syndrome and a student's academic performance, use of medication because of studies, and thoughts of dropping the course.