Adolescence Pseudolymphoma / Pseudolinfoma na adolescência

Objective: report an uncommon case of cutaneous pseudolymphoma in teenage years, undiagnosed for approximately 8 years old. Methodology: data were taken from medical records, patient interviews, photographic records of the injuries, diagnostic methods, and literature review. The paper was subjected and approved by the Research Ethics Committee (REC), under the number 4.952.193, authorized by the patient and their legal sponsor. Final Conclusions: the related case shows the importance of reliable and differential diagnoses since the patient carried the injury through approximately eight years without getting any diagnosis and/or treatment. Furthermore, the unusual age and the location of the injuries make the information presented here fundamental to helping other professionals and contributing to the Public Health System (AU).

Objetivo: Relatar um caso incomum de Pseudolinfoma Cutâneo na adolescência, não diagnosticado por aproximadamente oito anos. Método: As informações foram obtidas pela revisão do prontuário, entrevista com o paciente, registro fotográfico das lesões e dos métodos diagnósticos e revisão de literatura. O trabalho foi submetido e aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa (CEP), número de aprovação 4.952.193, com autorização do paciente e seus responsáveis legais. Considerações Finais: o caso relatado evidencia a importância de um diagnóstico fidedigno e dos diagnósticos diferenciais, uma vez que a paciente apresentou a lesão por aproximadamente oito anos, sem receber nenhum diagnóstico e/ou tratamento. Além disso, não só a faixa etária é incomum, mas também a localização da lesão e por esta razão, as informações são fundamentais para auxiliar outros profissionais, com benefício deste estudo para o Sistema de Saúde (AU).

Foliculitis pseudolinfomatosa de McNutt (localización nasal) / McNutt's pseudolymphomatous folliculitis (nasal located)

La foliculitis pseudolinfomatosa, descripta por McNutt en 1986, es una afección de etiología desconocida y poco frecuente, que simula un linfoma cutáneo tanto por su clínica como por su histología. Se presenta como una lesión nodular solitaria, eritematosa, de 0,5 hasta 3cm, de crecimiento rápido, sobre todo en la cara, en personas de 40 a 60 años, con una histopatología caracterizada por un infiltrado linfocitario B yT perifocular, y células dendríticas positivas en la inmunohistoquímica para S100yCD1a. Su curso es benigno, muchas veces autolimitado. Se expone el caso de una paciente con una particular forma clínica de pseudolinforma.

Pseudolymphomatous folliculitis, described by McNutt in 1986, is a non-frequent entity of unknown etiology that simulates a cutaneous lymphoma, both clinically and histologically. It shows as a solitary erythematous nodular lesion of 0.5 to 3 cm, with a rapid growth, mainly on the face, in people aged 40 to 60 years, and histopathology characterized by a perifollicular B and T lymphocytic infiltrate, and positive dendritic cells for immunohistochemistry S100 and CD1a. Its course is benign, often self-limited. The case of a patient with a particular clinical form of pseudolymphoma is presented.

Rosettes in T-cell pseudolymphoma: a new dermoscopic finding

Abstract Rosettes are small white structures visible with polarized light dermoscopy, whose exact morphological correlation is not yet defined. These small shiny structures are found in several conditions such as scarring, dermatofibroma, molluscum contagiosum, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, melanoma, melanocytic nevus, discoid lupus erythematosus, and papulopustular rosacea. In this novel report, the authors describe the presence of rosettes in a T-cell pseudolymphoma lesion.

Clinical and pathological features of acral pseudolymphomatous angiokeratoma of children: a case report / 中华皮肤科杂志

A 13-year-old female patient presented with itchy rashes on the right foot for 5 years. Skin examination revealed scattered flat, reddish-purple, slightly scaling papules on the inner side of the arch of the right foot, scattered light red papules on the outer side of the right great toe, and scattered domed reddish-purple papules on the right heel with collar-shaped keratinization around the base. Histopathological examination of the papule on the right heel revealed epidermal hyperkeratosis, marked hyperkeratosis around the papule, thickened granular layer and focal liquefaction degeneration of the basal layer with no obvious hyperplasia of the spinous layer; a large number of lymphocytes and plasma cells without atypia infiltrated the dermis, in which there were many small- and medium-sized dilated thick-walled blood vessels lined with prominent plump endothelial cells. The patient was diagnosed with acral pseudolymphomatous angiokeratoma of children, and treated with long-pulsed 1 064-nm Nd: YAG laser once every month. After 7 sessions of treatment, the rashes regressed and decreased in number.

Parotid follicular lymphoid hyperplasia - a rare entity: the challenges in differential diagnosis / Hiperplasia linfoide folicular em parótida - uma rara entidade: os desafios no diagnóstico diferencial

ABSTRACT A 61-year-old female patient presented a nodular lesion located in the right buccal mucosa with a 3-month evolution. Clinical hypotheses of salivary duct cyst and mucocele were proposed, and the patient underwent excisional biopsy. Microscopically, a well-circumscribed and encapsulated lymphoid aggregate fragment was observed, characterized by layers of well-differentiated small lymphocytes and collections of reactive lymphoblasts. These findings, associated with immunohistochemistry, established the diagnosis of follicular lymphoid hyperplasia. Currently, the patient is well, under follow-up after six months.

RESUMEN Paciente del sexo femenino de 61 años de edad exhibió lesión nodular localizada en mucosa yugal derecha con tiempo de evolución de tres meses. Se establecieron las hipótesis clínicas de quiste del ducto salival y mucocele, y la paciente se sometió a una biopsia excisional. Microscópicamente, se observó un fragmento de agregado linfoide bien circunscrito y encapsulado, caracterizado por capas de linfocitos pequeños bien diferenciados y colecciones de linfoblastos reactivos. Esos hallazgos, asociados al estudio inmunohistoquímico, basaron el diagnóstico de hiperplasia folicular linfoide. Al presente, la paciente se encuentra bien, bajo seguimiento seis meses después.

RESUMO Paciente do sexo feminino, 61 anos de idade, exibiu lesão nodular localizada em mucosa jugal direita com evolução há três meses. As hipóteses clínicas de cisto do ducto salivar e mucocele foram estabelecidas, e a paciente foi submetida à biópsia excisional. Microscopicamente, foi observado fragmento de agregado linfoide bem circunscrito e encapsulado, caracterizado por camadas de pequenos linfócitos bem diferenciados e coleções de linfoblastos reativos. Esses achados, associados ao estudo imuno-histoquímico, estabeleceram o diagnóstico de hiperplasia linfoide folicular. Atualmente, a paciente encontra-se bem, sob proservação após seis meses.

Case for diagnosis. Primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder

Abstract: Primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder is a rare disease, with an indolent evolution and benign course. The classic presentation is a solitary nodule on the face or trunk. The disorder's rarity and clinical and histopathological characteristics, can make the diagnosis difficult. We present the case of a 36-year-old Caucasian woman with a purplish erythematous nodule, hardened, shiny, asymptomatic, on the left nasal ala, which had grown progressively for 45 days. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry panel demonstrated alterations consistent with primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder. There was complete remission of the condition within 60 days of treatment with potent occlusive corticosteroids.

A clinical analysis of 19 patients with hepatic pseudolymphoma / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective To study the clinical features of hepatic pseudolymphoma.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 19 patients with hepatic pseudolymphoma who were diagnosed and treated at Zhongshan Hospital in Shanghai from June 2013 to December 2017.Eighteen patients were females and one was a male.The mean age was (55±9) years,range 36 to 68 years.This study mainly analyzed the imaging features,treatment and postoperative results.Results All patients were diagnosed accidentally,and 78.9％ patients did not exhibit any evidence of hepatic B viral infection.A monofocal lesion was found in 14 patients and multifocal lesions in 5 patients.Surgical treatment was performed in all the patients.The lesion size was (1.1±0.4) cm (range 0.5～2.4 cm).Ultrasound revealed hypo-or slightly hypo-echogenicity.On MRI,diffusion weighted imaging showed slight hyperintensity or hyperintensity,all lesions manifested as homogeneous and slightly hyperintensity on T2WI and hypointensity on T1WI.Dynamic enhancement pattern,wash in and wash out,degressive and persistent enhancement were observed in 16(55.2％),12(41.4％),and 1 (3.4％) patients,respectively.More than 70％ of lesions were diagnosed as malignant tumors on preoperative imaging.During a follow-up of 6 ～ 44 months (median:19 months),no patient developed metastasis or recurrence.Conclusions Hepatic pseudolymphoma commonly occurred in women with a small sized lesion.Due to the lack of specific clinical manifestations and imaging findings,preoperative diagnosis was difficult.Surgical resection is still the most optimal treatment.The patients usually have favorable prognosis.

Clinicopathologic features of primary hepatic marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and hepatic pseudolymphoma / 中华病理学杂志

Objective@#To study the clinicopathological features of primary hepatic extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) and hepatic pseudolymphoma, and to discuss their differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.@*Methods@#Three primary hepatic MALT lymphomas and two hepatic pseudolymphomas collected from January 2012 to March 2017 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were evaluated by HE and immunohistochemistry(IHC), in-situ hybridization and immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangement detection, and the relevant literature reviewed.@*Results@#In the three MALT lymphomas, tumor cells infiltrated the portal areas with nodular pattern, and invaded the surrounding normal liver with serpiginous configuration and formation of confluent sheets. A number of bile ducts were entrapped within the lesions, and showed lymphoepithelial lesion. Reactive lymphoid follicles were present and surrounded by tumor cells, consisting of predominantly centrocyte-like cells and monocytoid B cells. There were clusters of epithelioid histiocytes in one case. The tumor cells were positive for CD20, PAX5 and negative for CD5, CD23, CD10, bcl-6, and cyclin D1. In the two hepatic pseudolymphomas, the lesions presented as solitary nodules well-demarcated from the surrounding liver tissue; one case was partially encapsulated with fibrous tissue. Entrapped bile ducts were only found at the edge of the lesions without lymphoepithelial lesion. The lesions comprised of massive lymphoid proliferation consisting predominantly of reactive lymphoid follicles, but not monocytoid B-cells or atypical cells. By IHC, a mixture of B- and T-cell population was identified. A monoclonal rearrangement of the Ig gene was detected in all three MALT lymphomas but not in two pseudolymphomas. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridiazation test for MALT1 break-apart gene was positive in two cases of MALT lymphomas and EBER was negative in all studied cases.@*Conclusions@#Primary heptic MALT lymphoma and pseudolymphoma are both rare lymphoid proliferative lesions of liver. These two lesions have overlapping histological and IHC features and are top differential diagnosis to each other. A combination analysis of morphology, immunophenotype and Ig gene rearrangement is helpful to distinguish between them.

Pulmonary Nodular Lymphoid Hyperplasia with Mass-Formation: Clinicopathologic Characteristics of Nine Cases and Review of the Literature

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (PNLH) is a non-neoplastic pulmonary lymphoid disorder that can be mistaken for malignancy on radiography. Herein, we present nine cases of PNLH, emphasizing clinicoradiological findings and histological features. METHODS: We analyzed radiological and clinicopathological features from the electronic medical records of nine patients (eight females and one male) diagnosed with PNLH. IgG and IgG4 immunohistochemical staining was performed in three patients. RESULTS: Two of the nine patients had experienced tuberculosis 40 and 30 years prior, respectively. Interestingly, none were current smokers, although two were ex-smokers. Three patients complaining of persistent cough underwent computed tomography of the chest. PNLH was incidentally discovered in five patients during examination for other reasons. The remaining patient was diagnosed with the disease following treatment for pneumonia. Imaging studies revealed consolidation or a mass-like lesion in eight patients. First impressions included invasive adenocarcinoma and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue‒type lymphoma. Aspergillosis was suspected in the remaining patient based on radiological images. Resection was performed in all patients. Microscopically, the lesions consisted of nodular proliferation of reactive germinal centers accompanied by infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages in various degrees and surrounding fibrosis. Ultimately, all nine patients were diagnosed with PNLH and showed no evidence of recurrence on follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: PNLH is an uncommon but distinct entity with a benign nature, and understanding the radiological and clinicopathological characteristics of PNLH is important.

Multifocal nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the lung / 영남의대학술지

Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH) is a benign lymphoproliferative disease that can affect the lung. Because of its rarity, little is known about the etiology and natural history of NLH. Most cases are usually asymptomatic and found incidentally on imaging studies. Imaging finding of NLH has shown most commonly as a solitary lesion, although multifocal pulmonary nodules may be seen. Surgical resection has proved curative in the cases previously described. We report a rare case of NLH in a 55 year-old man who presented with bilateral multiple pulmonary nodules on chest radiography. Open biopsy was performed from the upper and lower lobe of the left lung. The lesions were pathologically diagnosed as pulmonary NLH. Multifocal residual nodules in both lungs remain stable without spontaneous regression during the 3 years of follow-up.

Pseudolymphoma due to Hair Dye on Background of Chronic Actinic Dermatitis Responding to Intra-lesional Triamcinolone

Cutaneous pseudolymphoma refers to a heterogenous group of benign T-cell or B-cell lymphoproliferative processes that mimic cutaneous lymphoma clinically and sometimes histologically. The causes of cutaneous pseudolymphoma are diverse, including lymphomatoid drug eruptions, lymphomatoid contact dermatitis, arthropod-bite reactions, chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD). Here we describe a case of pseudolymphoma due to hair dye on background of CAD.

Multifocal nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the lung / 영남의대학술지

Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH) is a benign lymphoproliferative disease that can affect the lung. Because of its rarity, little is known about the etiology and natural history of NLH. Most cases are usually asymptomatic and found incidentally on imaging studies. Imaging finding of NLH has shown most commonly as a solitary lesion, although multifocal pulmonary nodules may be seen. Surgical resection has proved curative in the cases previously described. We report a rare case of NLH in a 55 year-old man who presented with bilateral multiple pulmonary nodules on chest radiography. Open biopsy was performed from the upper and lower lobe of the left lung. The lesions were pathologically diagnosed as pulmonary NLH. Multifocal residual nodules in both lungs remain stable without spontaneous regression during the 3 years of follow-up.

Lymphocytoma cutis on the inguinal region: report of a rare case of benign lymphoproliferative disorder

Abstract Lymphocytoma cutis, or benign reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, is an inflammatory skin lesion that mimics clinically and histologically malignant lymphoma. Most cases are idiopathic, but they may also be triggered by multiple factors, such as insect bites, tattoos, injections and herpes zoster. Clinically, the lesions are erythematous, soft papules, plaques or nodules, usually located on the upper limbs and face. The diagnosis is mainly based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Corticosteroid injections, cryosurgery, PUVA therapy, radiotherapy and surgery can be therapeutic options in cases requiring immediate treatment. To demonstrate an atypical presentation of this tumor, a case lymphocytoma skin on the groin will be reported, describing its diagnosis and treatment.

Red nodule on the face with "spontaneous" regression

Abstract Pseudolymphomatous folliculitis is a rare entity included among the cutaneous pseudolymphomas. A 32-year-old man, with an unremarkable medical history, presented with a two-month history of an asymptomatic solitary nodule on his left cheek. Histopathological examination demonstrated a dense nodular and diffuse dermal lymphocytic infiltrate with numerous histiocytes and dendritic cells that surrounded hypertrophic hair follicles. Pseudolymphomatous folliculitis commonly presents in the fourth decade of life, with no sex predominance, as an asymptomatic, rapidly growing and solitary red dome-shaped nodule on the face. It has a benign clinical course as the lesions usually resolve with surgical excision or regress spontaneously after incisional biopsy. Although there is no report of pseudolymphomatous folliculitis progressing into lymphoma in the literature, follow-up of these patients is recommended.

Pseudolinfoma post herpes zoster: Fenómeno isotópico / Pseudolymphoma post herpes zoster: Isotopic phenomenon

El pseudolinfoma es una patología que debe su nombre, a la similitud de sus lesiones desde el punto de vista clínico, histopatológico o ambos, al linfoma. El fenómeno isotópico, describe la aparición de nuevas lesiones en la misma localización, de otro cuadro dermatológico, en este caso un herpes zoster, ya resuelto. Presentamos una paciente de sexo femenino de 66 años de edad, que consultó por lesiones tumorales en región frontal, donde había presentado un kerpes zoster un mes antes. Se realizó biopsia con diagnóstico de pseudolinfoma. Las lesiones remitieron espontáneamente sin tratamiento, a la espera del informe histopatológico.

Pseudolymphoma is a pathology which owes its name to the similarity of their injuries, from clinically histologically or both to lymphoma. Isotopic phenomenon describes the appearance of new lesions in the same location of other dermatological disease, in this case a herpes zoster, already solved. We present a 66 years old female that consulted for tumoral lesions in frontal region, where she had present a herpes zoster, one month before. It was performed biopsy with diagnosis pseudolymphoma. The lesions disappeared spontaneously without treatment, awaiting the histopahology report.

Linfoma ocular de células B da zona marginal: relato de caso e revisão da literatura / Ocular B-cell marginal zone lymphoma: case report and literature review

RESUMO Paciente feminina, 70 anos, apresentou-se com queixas de prurido ocular à esquerda, lacrimejamento e hiperemia há 2 meses. Ao exame físico, apenas hiperemia conjuntival discreta. Foi solicitada biópsia, que sugeriu a hipótese de pseudolinfoma pela insuficiência de critérios classificatórios. Após um ano a paciente retornou com os mesmos sintomas e proptose ocular à esquerda, associado a proliferação de aspecto linfático em conjuntiva bulbar, com presença de vasos sanguíneos, ocupando toda região superior e maior parte da medial, se estendendo até o limbo, sem oclusão do eixo visual e mobilidade ocular extrínseca preservada. Nova biópsia e imuno-histoquímica, foram compatíveis com linfoma de células B da zona marginal. Foram realizadas tomografias computadorizadas (TC) de crânio, pescoço e órbitas, revelando aumento do volume do músculo reto superior esquerdo, com intensa impregnação pelo contraste, acometendo ventre e tendão, com borramento de gordura adjacente. Foram programados 6 ciclos de quimioterapia com ciclofosfamida, doxorrubicina, vincristina e prednisona, CHOP, a cada 21 dias. Houve melhora dos sintomas oculares após o primeiro ciclo. Após o quarto, nova TC de órbitas evidenciou regressão do espessamento do músculo reto superior esquerdo, ainda melhor na TC realizada após o sexto ciclo. Os linfomas MALT são responsáveis por 5-17% de todos os casos de LNH, respondem por mais de 90% dos linfomas que acometem os anexos oculares, mas podem se originar em diversos tecidos. Devido a raridade da doença, carecem estudos prospectivos randomizados que definam um consenso terapêutico. A literatura sugere que o tratamento deve ser individualizado.

ABSTRACT Female patient, 70 years old, presented with complaints of left eye pruritus, tearing and redness, for 2 months. Physical examination revealed only mild conjunctival hyperemia. Biopsy was ordered, and suggested the hypothesis pseudo lymphoma by insufficient classification criteria.After a year, the patient returned with the same symptoms, and left ocular proptosis associated with lymphatic aspect of proliferation in bulbar conjunctiva, with the presence of blood vessels, occupying the entire upper region and most of the medial, extending into the limbo without occlusion the visual axis, extrinsic ocular motility preserved.Another biopsy and immunohistochemistry were compatible with a B cell marginal zone lymphoma. Tomographic studies of cranium, neck and orbits were performed, and the orbit showed enlargement of the left superior rectus muscle volume, with intense contrast uptake, affecting belly and tendon and blurring of adjacent fat. Six cycles of chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone, CHOP, were done every 21 days. There was improvement in ocular symptoms after the first cycle. After the fourth, new scans from the orbits revealed regression of thickening of the left superior rectus muscle, and even better after the sixth cycle. The MALT lymphomas account for 5-17% of all cases of NHL, accounting for over 90% of lymphomas affecting the eye attachments, but can originate in different tissues. Due to the rarity of the disease, there are no randomized prospective studies to define a therapeutic consensus. The literature suggests that treatment should be individualized.

Lymphocytoma cutis: diagnostic enigma for the maxillofacial surgeon

Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia (CLH) is a cutaneous pseudolymphoma with a worldwide distribution, equally affecting all races and ethnic groups. Due to its vast array of characteristics, it is most often missed in the differential diagnosis of firm to soft lumps on the head and neck. A systematic approach to the workup and diagnosis along with treatment of such lesions is discussed in this article. A 20-year-old Asian Indian female presented to our Oral and Maxillofacial unit with a lump on the left side of her forehead for 1 month. Local examination revealed a 2.5×3.0 cm², well circumscribed swelling over the left para median region that was firm to doughy and non-tender. There was no other significant finding on general examination. Excisional biopsy of the lesion was performed, followed by histopathologic processing. The general etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, clinical course, prognosis, treatment, and prevention have been discussed in line with the recent modalities of diagnosis and treatment of CLH. Due to the overlapping clinical and histological characteristics of CLH with many other lesions, it is important to consider this lesion in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous lesions.

Radiotherapy in aggressive cutaneous pseudolymphoma: a case report and review of literature

Pseudolymphoma is a nonspecific disease characterized by lesions with lymphomatous-appearing but benign accumulation of inflammatory cells. They generally present as small ulcero-nodular lesions confined to skin which often respond to local therapies. We describe an unusual presentation of an extensive and locally aggressive cutaneous pseudolymphoma in a 21-year-old male patient who presented with extensive cutaneous eruptions gradually progressing over 6 years to involve the entire circumference of his left arm. Magnetic resonance imaging scans of his left arm showed a lesion deeply infiltrating into the soft tissue reaching up to the humerus with intense periosteal reaction. He was successfully treated with radiotherapy after many failed attempts with surgery and chemotherapy.

Cutaneous primary B-cell lymphomas: from diagnosis to treatment

AbstractPrimary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of mature B-cells neoplasms with tropism for the skin, whose biology and clinical course differ significantly from the equivalent nodal lymphomas. The most indolent forms comprise the primary cutaneous marginal zone and follicle center B-cell lymphomas that despite the excellent prognosis have cutaneous recurrences very commonly. The most aggressive forms include the primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphomas, consisting in two major groups: the leg type, with poor prognosis, and others, the latter representing a heterogeneous group of lymphomas from which specific entities are supposed to be individualized over time, such as intravascular large B-cell lymphomas. Treatment may include surgical excision, radiotherapy, antibiotics, corticosteroids, interferon, monoclonal antibodies and chemotherapy, depending on the type of lymphoma and on the type and location of the skin lesions. In subtypes with good prognosis is contraindicated overtreatment and in those associated with a worse prognosis the recommended therapy relies on CHOP-like regimens associated with rituximab, assisted or not with local radiotherapy. We review the primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas, remembering the diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, classification, and prognostic factors and presenting the available therapies.

Possibly drug-induced palpable migratory arciform erythema

Palpable migratory arciform erythema is an entity of unknown etiology, with few published cases in the literature. The clinical and histopathological features of this disease are difficult to be distinguished from those of Jessner’s lymphocytic infiltration of the skin, lupus erythematous tumidus and the deep erythema annulare centrifugum. We describe here the first two Brazilian cases of palpable migratory arciform erythema. The patients presented with infiltrated annular plaques and erythematous arcs without scales. These showed centrifugal growth before disappearing without scarring or residual lesions after a few days. They had a chronic course with repeated episodes for years. In addition, these cases provide evidence of a drug-induced etiology.