Effective communication leading to better adherence to treatment and wound closure in diabetic patients. Presentation of a case / Comunicación efectiva que condiciona un mejor apego al tratamiento y cierre de heridas en el paciente diabético. Presentación de caso

Abstract Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic degenerative disease of multifactorial etiology that causes a metabolic disorder, resulting in chronic hyperglycemia, leading to microvascular and macrovascular complications in different organs. Currently, about 422 million people worldwide are living with diabetes and it is estimated that by 2045 it will affect 693 million adults. Clinical case: In this article, we report the case of a 54-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus with poor adherence to treatment and with risk factors that perpetuate poor control and the incidence of complications. Conclusion: Several studies demonstrate that the higher the patient's level of understanding of the disease, the greater the adherence to the treatment strategies and the better the glycemic control, resulting in a decrease in complications. Therefore, emphasizing effective communication is always one of the best strategies to guide the diabetic patient.

Resumen Introducción: La diabetes mellitus es una enfermedad degenerativa crónica de etiología multifactorial que causa un trastorno metabólico, dando lugar a hiperglucemia crónica, lo que conlleva a complicaciones microvasculares y macrovasculares en diferentes órganos. Actualmente, alrededor de 422 millones de personas en todo el mundo viven con diabetes y se estima que en 2045 afectará a 693 millones de adultos. Caso clínico: En este artículo presentamos el caso de un varón de 54 años con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 con mala adherencia al tratamiento y con factores de riesgo que perpetúan el mal control y la incidencia de complicaciones. Conclusión: Diversos estudios demuestran que cuanto mayor es el nivel de comprensión de la enfermedad por parte del paciente, mayor es la adherencia a las estrategias de tratamiento y mejor es el control glucémico, lo que se traduce en una disminución de las complicaciones. Por lo tanto, hacer hincapié en una comunicación efectiva es siempre una de las mejores estrategias para orientar al paciente diabético.

The unmet need of psycho-oncology services for integrated cancer care in India: a review

Cancer has varied effects on mental health of the patients, their family and friends as well as the caregivers. The emotional, social, interpersonal, rehabilitative and psychological effects of cancer on all of them can contribute to psycho-social distress. Appropriately addressing psychological, social and behavioral issues through psycho-oncology services improves the physician-patient relationship, increase satisfaction to the ongoing treatment, create a positive attitude towards treatment and outcomes and improve the quality of life. It also has a role in preventive oncology as well as in cancer rehabilitation. Global recognition of the need of psycho-oncology services has led to establishment of a lot of international organizations and societies in the developed countries. On the other hand, there are no societies or standard guidelines for psychosocial care in India. Also, due to lack of awareness and cancer education, the stigma associated with this care compounded by the stigma associated with cancer is a major hindrance to availing mental health care in India. Identifying this unmet need, creating awareness about the need of distress management during key transitions in cancer care pathway and providing training and research opportunities in this field in India will pave the way to improve the outcomes of cancer treatment delivery and patient compliance as well as satisfaction to the provided care. Psycho-oncology services need to be integrated into the existing cancer care pathways in a structured manner so as to enable ease of availability of these services for the patients and their families when in need.

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness in Recovery from Colorectal Cancer / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#This study examined whether a 4-week group-based mindfulness intervention would be superior in reducing psychological distress in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients compared to a psychoeducation and cognitive behavioural skills learning support active control group.@*METHODS@#Patients with CRC were randomized via Computerised Permuted Block Randomisation to mindfulness or active control groups (2-h weekly sessions over 4 weeks). Outcomes were measured pre-intervention, and 8 weeks and 6 months post-baseline. The primary outcome was psychological distress measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Secondary outcomes were generic quality of life (QoL), disease specific QoL, mindfulness, and intervention credibility and acceptability.@*RESULTS@#Sixty-eight participants were randomized to mindfulness (n=35) or active control group (n=33). Uptake of potentially eligible patients consenting was low (28.0%) and the dropout rate was 33.8%. Depression scores were reduced in both groups at week 8 (P=0.020). Control participants had greater improvement in generic mental QoL scores at week 8 than mindfulness (P=0.023). In disease specific QoL, there was reduction in impotence symptom in the mindfulness group (P=0.022) and reduction in faecal incontinence in the control group (P=0.019). The embarrassment symptom had a significantly lower increase in the mindfulness group at week 8 compared to the control group (P=0.009). Both groups rated the treatments as credible and acceptable.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Mindfulness was not superior to the active control group in terms of alleviating psychological distress but both treatments were associated with some improvements in depression. There was low uptake of both interventions. (Trial registration number: ACTRN12616001033437).

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness in Recovery from Colorectal Cancer / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#This study examined whether a 4-week group-based mindfulness intervention would be superior in reducing psychological distress in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients compared to a psychoeducation and cognitive behavioural skills learning support active control group.@*METHODS@#Patients with CRC were randomized via Computerised Permuted Block Randomisation to mindfulness or active control groups (2-h weekly sessions over 4 weeks). Outcomes were measured pre-intervention, and 8 weeks and 6 months post-baseline. The primary outcome was psychological distress measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Secondary outcomes were generic quality of life (QoL), disease specific QoL, mindfulness, and intervention credibility and acceptability.@*RESULTS@#Sixty-eight participants were randomized to mindfulness (n=35) or active control group (n=33). Uptake of potentially eligible patients consenting was low (28.0%) and the dropout rate was 33.8%. Depression scores were reduced in both groups at week 8 (P=0.020). Control participants had greater improvement in generic mental QoL scores at week 8 than mindfulness (P=0.023). In disease specific QoL, there was reduction in impotence symptom in the mindfulness group (P=0.022) and reduction in faecal incontinence in the control group (P=0.019). The embarrassment symptom had a significantly lower increase in the mindfulness group at week 8 compared to the control group (P=0.009). Both groups rated the treatments as credible and acceptable.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Mindfulness was not superior to the active control group in terms of alleviating psychological distress but both treatments were associated with some improvements in depression. There was low uptake of both interventions. (Trial registration number: ACTRN12616001033437).

Acompanhamento psicoeducacional online: a experiência de um grupo de autoapoio para mulheres com fibromialgia / Online psychoeducational accompaniment: the experience of a self-support group for women with fibromyalgia / Seguimiento psicoeducativo online: la experiencia de un grupo de autoapoyo para mujeres con fibromialgia

A fibromialgia (FM) chama a atenção por ser uma síndrome que causa uma dor crônica ao indivíduo, além de não ter sua fisiopatologia definida e está presente em 2,5% da população brasileira . O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir sobre o papel e o apoio da psicoeducação junto as mulheres com fibromialgia. Trata-se de um relato de experiência de estágio Supervisionado em Saúde Mental/Projeto de extensão realizado no formato on-line, via plataforma Google Meet. O suporte foi construído através dos encontros semanais entre estagiárias de psicologia e profissionais de diferentes subáreas da saúde como reumatologia, educação física, fisioterapia e nutrição, bem como da cocriação ocorrida na troca de saberes e experiências entre as participantes e profissionais. Destacamos que os encontros configuraram-se com momentos informativos e também psicoterapêuticos embasados na Gestalt-terapia. Dentro desta área do conhecimento, foi possível promover para as participantes do grupo informações de grande relevância, que muitas não teriam condições de adquirir sem a mediação do grupo.

Fibromyalgia (FM) draws attention for being a syndrome that causes chronic pain to the individual, besides not having its pathophysiology defined and is present in 2.5% of the Brazilian population. The objective of this paper is to discuss the role and support of psychoeducation for women with fibromyalgia. This is an experience report of the Supervised Internship in Mental Health/Extension Project conducted online, via the Google Meet platform. The support was built through weekly meetings between trainees of psychology and professionals from different subareas of health as rheumatology, physical education, physiotherapy and nutrition, as well as the co-creation occurred in the exchange of knowledge and experiences between participants and professionals. We emphasize that the meetings consisted of informative and psychotherapeutic moments based on Gestalt-therapy. Within this area of knowledge, it was possible to provide the group participants with information of great relevance, which many of them would not have been able to acquire without the mediation of the group. KEYWORDS: Fibromyalgia; Support Group; Psychoeducation.

La fibromialgia (FM) llama la atención por ser un síndrome que causa dolor crónico al individuo, además de no tener su fisiopatología definida y está presente en el 2,5% de la población brasileña. El objetivo de este trabajo es discutir el papel y el apoyo de la psicoeducación con mujeres con fibromialgia. Se trata de un informe de experiencia de Prácticas Supervisadas en Salud Mental/Proyecto de Extensión realizado en línea, a través de la plataforma Google Meet. El apoyo se construyó a través de reuniones semanales entre estudiantes de psicología y profesionales de diferentes subáreas de la salud como reumatología, educación física, fisioterapia y nutrición, así como la co- creación se produjo en el intercambio de conocimientos y experiencias entre los participantes y profesionales. Destacamos que los encuentros se configuraron con momentos informativos y también psicoterapéuticos basados en la terapia Gestalt. Dentro de esta área de conocimiento, fue posible promover a los participantes del grupo informaciones de gran relevancia, que muchos de ellos no habrían podido adquirir sin la mediación del grupo.

Effectiveness of Psychoeducative Intervention on Quality of Life Among Caregivers of Patients with Schizophrenia: A Randomized Control Trial

Background: The caregiver, who is taking care of a patient with schizophrenia, needs to spend an extensive amount of time, energy, and money during the process of caregiving, which is the major root cause for the psychological strain and physical exhaustion. Objectives: The objectives were to evaluate the effectiveness of psychoeducative intervention on quality of life (QOL) and associate QOL with selected background variables among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Aquantitative research with evaluative approach was used. The research design adopted was randomized controlled trial. The study had two groups, a study group and a control group. Asample size of 150 (75 in each group) caregivers of patients with schizophrenia equally distributed to study and control groups were included. The World Health Organization QOL – BREF scale is used to assess the QOL among caregivers, in this study. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The repeated measures of analysis of variance computed for QOL scores for within the study group (F = 15.82, P = 0.001), control group (F = 5.06, P = 0.004), and between the study and control groups(F = 1.42, P = 0.02) were significant. The changes observed from pretest to posttest 1 were statistically significant. There was a significant association between QOL scores and selected background variables such as social support and medical expenses among caregivers in the control group. Conclusion: The present study concludes that psychoeducative intervention was found to be very effective in improving QOL among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia.

Material psicoeducativo sobre transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade: avaliação docente / Psychoeducational material about attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: teachers evaluation / Material psicoeducativo sobre el trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad: evaluación docente

O presente estudo objetivou desenvolver e avaliar um material psicoeducativo sobre Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) destinado a professores em escolas públicas e privadas. Utilizou-se um protocolo de avaliação para materiais educativos, respondido por 40 professoras de escolas da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre e Vale do Caí, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil). Considerou-se a compreensão, a linguagem, a opinião quanto ao estímulo à aprendizagem e os conhecimentos prévios das professoras sobre TDAH. Os resultados da análise de conteúdo e da estatística descritiva indicaram que o material apresentava conteúdo e linguagem adequados, contendo informações que auxiliavam na compreensão e trabalho docente com crianças com o diagnóstico. A versão final do material contemplou as sugestões de aprimoramento advindas dos profissionais.

The present study aimed to develop and evaluate psychoeducational material on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) for teachers in public and private schools. An evaluation protocol for educational materials was used and answered by 40 teachers from schools in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre and Vale do Caí (RS, Brazil). The understanding, the language, the opinion regarding the stimulus to learning and the teachers' previous knowledge about ADHD were considered. The results of content analysis and descriptive statistics indicated that the material had adequate content and language, containing information that improved the of understanding the teaching work with children withal diagnosis. The final version of the material included suggestions for improvement from professionals.

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo desarrollar y evaluar un material psicoeducativo sobre el Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAH) para docentes de escuelas públicas y privadas. Se utilizó un protocolo de evaluación de materiales educativos, respondido por 40 docentes de la región metropolitana de Porto Alegre y Vale do Caí (RS). Se consideró la comprensión, el lenguaje, la opinión sobre el estímulo al aprendizaje y los conocimientos previos de los docentes sobre el TDAH. Los resultados del análisis de contenido y la estadística descriptiva indicaron que el material tenía contenido y lenguaje adecuados, conteniendo información que ayudó en la comprensión y enseñanza con los niños con el diagnóstico. La versión final del material incluyó sugerencias de mejora por parte de los profesionales.

De las enfermedades terminales a la infertilidad; convergencias y desencuentros / From Terminal Illnesses to Infertility: Convergences and Disagreements

El presente estudio intenta delinear un paralelismo entre la infertilidad y el cáncer a partir de la contrastación de la bibliografía disponible con la serie New Amsterdam, a la vez que pretende responder a los siguientes interrogantes: ¿qué puntos en común tienen ambas enfermedades? ¿en qué se diferencian? ¿qué rol podemos adoptar desde la psicología y desde la comunidad? Siguiendo esta línea, se encontró que ambas ponen en funcionamiento mecanismos de afrontamiento ya que son enfermedades crónicas que disparan un gran impacto emocional y cambios en la cotidianeidad. Asimismo, la infertilidad se diferencia del cáncer en que no presenta dolor asociado, no hay amenaza hacia la supervivencia y tampoco afecta a la funcionalidad de ningún órgano (Antequera et al, 2008). Estos resultados llevan a plantear una equivalencia en las intervenciones, principalmente psicoeducativas, que pueden ser aplicadas tanto por profesionales de la salud como por miembros de la comunidad, y que redundarían en: mayor adherencia al tratamiento, un rol más activo por parte del paciente en la toma de decisiones, un mayor sentimiento de control sobre su propia vida, entre otras

This study aims to outline a parallelism between infertility and cancer based on the comparison of the available bibliography with the New Amsterdam series, while attempting to answer the following questions: what points do both diseases have in common? What is the difference between them? What role can we adopt from psychology and the community? Following this line, it was found that both put coping mechanisms into operation since they are chronic diseases that trigger a great emotional impact and changes in daily life. Likewise, infertility differs from cancer in that it does not present associated pain, there is no threat to survival and it does not affect the functionality of any organ (Antequera et al, 2008). These results lead to propose an equivalence in interventions, mainly psychoeducational, which can be applied both by health professionals and by members of the community, and which would result in: greater adherence to treatment, a more active role from the patient in decision-making, a greater feeling of control over their own life, among others

Adesão de mães de bebês prematuros com indicadores clínicos de saúde emocional à grupos psicoeducativos / Adherence of mothers of premature babies with clinical indicators of emotional health to psychoeducational groups / Adhesión de madres de prematuros con indicadores clínicos de salud emocional a grupos psicoeducativos

Diversos fatores podem interferir na saúde emocional materna e, dentre eles, o nascimento prematuro do bebê. Este estudo pretendeu: a) descrever e comparar a saúde emocional de mães de bebês prematuros que aderiram ou não a grupos psicoeducativos, com indicadores clínicos de ansiedade, estresse e depressão pós-parto e, b) identificar quais variáveis sociodemográficas influenciaram a saúde emocional das participantes de cada um dos grupos. A amostra foi composta por 42 mães de bebês prematuros que apresentaram indicadores clínicos de saúde emocional, que foi avaliada por meio de inventários de estresse, ansiedade e depressão. Elas compuseram dois grupos: 22 mães que participaram dos grupos e 20 que não participaram. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre as variáveis sociodemográficas e nem entre os indicadores de saúde emocional entre os dois grupos. Todavia, é importante identificar os indicadores emocionais clínicos de mães de bebês e oferecer intervenções para minimizá-los, enquanto medidas preventivas de saúde mental da população feminina e, consequentemente, infantil.

Several factors can interfere in maternal emotional health and, among them, the premature birth of the baby. This study aimed: a) to describe and compare the emotional health of mothers of premature babies who joined or not to psychoeducational groups, with clinical indicators of anxiety, stress and postpartum depression and, b) identify which sociodemographic variables influenced the emotional health of participants in each of the groups. The sample consisted of 42 mothers who presented clinical indicators of emotional health, which was assessed through inventories of stress, anxiety and depression. They composed two groups: 22 mothers who participated in the groups and 20 who did not. No significant differences were observed between sociodemographic variables or between emotional health indicators between the two groups. However, it is important to identify the clinical emotional indicators of mothers of premature babies and offer interventions to minimize them, as preventive measures for mental health in the female population and, consequently, in children.

Varios factores pueden interferir con la salud emocional materna y, entre ellos, el nacimiento prematuro del bebé. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo: a) describir y comparar la salud emocional de madres de bebés prematuros que ingresaron o no a grupos psicoeducativos, con indicadores clínicos de ansiedad, estrés y depresión posparto y, b) identificar qué variables sociodemográficas influyeron en la salud emocional de las madres en cada uno de los grupos. La muestra estuvo conformada por 42 madres de bebés prematuros que presentaron indicadores clínicos de salud emocional, la cual fue evaluada a través de inventarios de estrés, ansiedad y depresión. Compusieron dos grupos: 22 madres que participaron en los grupos y 20 que no. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre variables sociodemográficas ni entre indicadores de salud emocional entre los dos grupos. Sin embargo, es importante identificar los indicadores clínicos emocionales de las madres de bebés prematuros y ofrecer intervenciones para minimizarlos, como medidas preventivas para la salud mental de la población femenina y, en consecuencia, de los niños.

Psychological demands of health professionals in the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract Recent literature emphasizes how the specific stressors of the COVID-19 outbreak affect the general population and frontline professionals, including those conducting support or backup activities in health units, which can lead to vicarious traumatization. Vicarious traumatization has been used to describe negative emotional reactions in mental health professionals who assist or treat victims of traumatic events. Thus, the aim of this article is to report the actions used in the face of the psychological demands of professionals in a hospital, who were not on the frontline of COVID-19. We collected their sociodemographic information and checked the psychological impact using the depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-21), which was followed by a psychoeducational program (topics related to COVID-19 control and prevention), and individual psychological care for the most severe cases. A total of 118 professionals participated in this study; they were between 20 and 67 years old. Mild to moderate anxiety was observed in 36.5% of the medical teams, 83.3% of the administrative staff, and 65.7% of general service workers, while stress symptoms were observed in 80.2%, 83.3%, and 59.9%, respectively. Depressive symptoms (35.3%) were more frequent in general service workers. The medical teams reported the benefits of primary psychological care, while the other professionals demanded more institutional support services related to the prevention and use of personal protective equipment. This study highlights relevant psychological demands that have repercussions on the daily lives of professionals. The psychoeducational program was considered positive regarding clarification actions. However, it was not perceived as effective in reducing fear, which may result from vicarious traumatization and requires other intervention modalities.

Impact of Psychoeducation to reduce the burden in primary caregiver of patients with schizophrenia

Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic and inarguably one of the most debilitating psychiatric syndromes. Primary care giver faces burden in different domains, few of the domains having significant correlation with a schizophrenia patient. The evidence has suggested that effective Psychoeducation will lead to reduced relapse rate, enhanced recovery and better family well-being at a lesser cost. The current study was aimed to explore burden of the family members and impact of Psychoeducation to reduce the burden in primary caregiver of patients with schizophrenia. Methodology: A prospective and interventional study was conducted from October 2016 to September 2017 among primary caregivers of the patient with schizophrenia. Caregivers were interviewed and assessed by application tools like Burden Assessment Schedule (BAS). After assessment, education program was conducted every week for five weeks. One month after completion of all the sessions, post test was conducted. Results: Total 32 primary caregivers of schizophrenia patients participated in the study. Eight caregivers did not complete the follow-up regularly as per the schedule. So, they were excluded from further study and only 24 caregivers were taken into account. Spouse as caregiver and participants with age less than 45 years felt more burden. Statistically significant reduction of burden in physical and mental health, external support, caregiver’s routine, patient’s behaviour related factors and total burden assessment schedule score was observed, which was denoted by paired t test. While, no statistical reduction was observed in other factors. Conclusions: Psychoeducation is effective in reducing the burden and creates more awareness about illness. It also improves coping strategy during different stages of illness. It also deals with communication skills and expressed emotions.

Escola de pais do Brasil: prevenção e promoção de práticas parentais positivas / Parents school of Brazil: prevention and promotion of positive parenting practices / Escuela de padres en Brasil: prevención y promoción de prácticas de crianza positivas

RESUMO A Escola de Pais do Brasil (EPB) realiza o Círculo de Debates, trabalho preventivo realizado com pais e cuidadores, em parceria com prefeituras e escolas das regiões dos municípios em que possuem seccionais. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo descrever e analisar o Círculo de Debates através de um estudo observacional, com observação participante e registro em diário de campo, que resultou em análise temática e criação de três categorias mutuamente excludentes: prevenção, cotidiano dos pais/mães e valores e limites na educação. Apresenta ainda uma categoria transversal: a psicoeducação. Pela análise, o trabalho do Círculo de Debates da EPB foi considerado psicoeducativo, de prevenção e promoção de práticas parentais positivas.

ABSTRACT The Parent's School of Brazil (EPB) conducts the Debate Circle, preventive work with parents, mothers, and caregivers, in partnership with city halls and schools in the regions of the counties in which they have sections. This study sought to describe and analyze the Debate Circles through an observational study, with participant observation and the use of a field diary. Analyses were conducted via thematic analysis and three mutually exclusive categories were generated: prevention, parents' daily life and values, and limits in education. It also presents a transversal category: psychoeducation. According to the analysis, the work of the EPB Debate Circle was considered psychoeducative for the prevention and promotion of positive parenting practices.

RESUMEN La Escuela de Padres de Brasil (EPB) realiza el Círculo de Debate, trabajo preventivo con padres, madres y cuidadores, en alianza con ayuntamientos y escuelas de las regiones de los municipios en los que tiene secciones. Este estudio buscó describir y analizar los Círculos de Debate a través de un estudio observacional, con observación participante y el uso de diario de campo, que da como resultado el análisis temático y la creación de tres categorías mutuamente excluyentes: prevención, vida cotidiana de los padres y valores y límites en la educación. También presenta una categoría transversal: psicoeducación. Según el análisis, el trabajo del Círculo de Debate EPB se consideró psicoeducativo, para la prevención y promoción de prácticas parentales positivas.

Evaluación de los niveles de sobrecarga en cuidadores primarios de personas con esquizofrenia a través de un programa de psicoeducación / Assessment of overload levels in primary caregivers of people with schizophrenia through a psychoeducation program

A partir del año 2012 el Hospital Psiquiátrico San Lázaro cierra el servicio de hospitalización. La propuesta de esta institución fue implementar un programa de psicoeducación dirigida a la familia para el manejo de los pacientes con trastornos mentales. La participación de los cuidadores primarios en el manejo de pacientes con trastornos mentales crónicos, incluida la esquizofrenia; sin embargo, visibilizó diversos niveles de sobrecarga. Objetivo: Determinar los niveles de sobrecarga en cuidadores primarios, y los efectos atribuibles al Programa de Clínica de Apoyo a Familiares de Personas con Esquizofrenia. Materiales y Métodos: Se diseñó un estudio de evaluación pre y post intervención, en 108 expedientes seleccionados para extraer las variables socio demográficas disponibles y los puntajes de sobrecarga obtenidos con la Escala de Sobrecarga del Cuidador de Zarit. Se describieron los resultados y se analizaron mediante el test de McNemar. Resultados: La mayoría de cuidadores fueron mujeres 67,5 %. El parentesco más frecuente fue el de padres con 44,4 % seguido de hermanos 25,9 %. El rango de edad más común fue el de 51- 60 años. El 71,1 % de los cuidadores presentaron algún tipo de sobrecarga. Para la evaluación de los cambios en los niveles de sobrecarga pre y post intervención se aplicó la prueba de McNemar, cuyo resultado fue de 27,4 mostrando diferencia significativa con valor de p <0,005. Conclusión: La intervención con cuidadores primarios, mediante programas psicoeducativos puede ser una opción viable para reducir los niveles de sobrecarga en familiares de personas con esquizofrenia(AU)

As of 2012, the San Lázaro Psychiatric Hospital closes the hospitalization service. The proposal of this institution was to implement a psychoeducation program aimed at the family for the management of patients with mental disorders. The involvement of primary caregivers in the management of patients with chronic mental disorders, including schizophrenia; however, it made visible various levels of overload. Objective: To determine the levels of burden in primary caregivers, and the effects attributable to the Program of Support Clinic for Family Members of People with Schizophrenia. Methods: A pre and post intervention evaluation study was designed in 108 selected files to extract the available socio-demographic variables and the burden scores obtained with the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale. The results were described and analyzed using the McNemar test. Results: The majority of caregivers were women, 67.5%. The most frequent relationship was that of parents with 44.4% followed by siblings 25.9%. The most common age range was 51-60 years. 71.1% of the caregivers presented some type of overload. McNemar's test was applied to assess the changes in the levels of pre- and post-intervention overload, the result of which was 27.4, showing a significant difference with a p value <0.005. Conclusion: Intervention with primary caregivers, through psychoeducational programs, may be a viable option to reduce the levels of burden in relatives of people with schizophrenia

Psicoeducação sobre violência e mindfulness para mulheres com histórico de violência: um estudo de caso / Psychoeducation on violence and mindfulness for women with a history of violence: a case study

A violência por parceiros íntimos (VPI) consiste em um problema de saúde pública e de violação dos direitos humanos das mulheres que pode ser prevenida. As intervenções devem ter ações para minimizar o impacto do abuso sofrido e fortalecer a vítima, para que ela consiga interromper o ciclo de violência. Este estudo de caso teve como objetivo analisar a viabilidade de uma intervenção baseada em dois elementos: psicoeducação sobre VPI e mindfulness.Uma mulher (43 anos) vítima de violência física e psicológica do seu ex-parceiro e de seu parceiro atual participou de 12 sessões psicoterapêuticas: 4 sessões de psicoeducação em VPI e 8 sessões de treinamento em mindfulness. Todo o conteúdo das sessões foram transcritos e analisados qualitativamente. Ademais, a participante respondeu as escalas Beck de ansiedade e depressão e a Escala Filadélfia de Mindfulness - EFM para os níveis de atenção à experiência no momento em diferentes momentos da intervenção. Os dados obtidos nos instrumentos indicaram diminuição dos sintomas de ansiedade e depressão, aumento no escore de aceitação das experiências e dimininuição do awareness. Conclui-se que tal intervenção se mostra viável por possibilitar diminuição de sintomas e maior consciência e reflexão a respeito de seus relacionamentos íntimos, e o desenvolvimento de uma atitude de não julgamento, de abertura e compaixão relacionada à experiência presente.(AU)

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health problem and a violation of women´s rights that can be prevented. Interventions must minimize the impact of the abuse suffered by women and strengthen her in order to interrupt the cycle of violence. This case study aimed to analyze the feasibility of an intervention based on two elements: psychoeducation on IPV and mindfulness. A woman (43 years old), victim of physcial and psychological violence from her former and ex-partner, participated in 12 psychological sessions: 4 sessions of psychoeducation on IPV and 8 sessions on mindfulness training. The entire content of the sessions were transcribed and analyzed qualitatively. In addition, the participant answered the Beck anxiety and depression scales and the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale-EFM at different times of the intervention. The data obtained indicated a decrease in the symptoms of anxiety and depression, an increase in the score of acceptance of the experiences and a decrease in awareness (EFM). It is concluded that such intervention is considered feasible because it decreased symptons and allowed a greater awareness and reflection of the participant regarding their intimate relationships, and the development of an attitude of non-judgment, openness and compassion related to the present experience.(AU)

La violencia de pareja (VPI) es un problema de salud pública y una violación de los derechos humanos de las mujeres que puede prevenirse. Las intervenciones deben minimizar el impacto del abuso sufrido y fortalecer a la víctima, para interrumpir el ciclo de violencia. Este estudio de caso tuvo como objetivo analizar la viabilidad de una intervención basada en dos elementos: psicoeducación sobre VPI y mindfulness. Una mujer (43 años) víctima de violencia física y psicológica por parte de su ex pareja y su pareja actual participó en 12 sesiones psicoterapéutico: 4 sesiones de psicoeducación en VPI y 8 sesiones de mindfulness. Todo el contenido de las sesiones se transcribió y analizó cualitativamente. Además, el participante respondió las escalas de ansiedad y depresión de Beck y la Escala de atención plena de Filadelfia - EFM. Los datos obtenidos indicaron una disminución en los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión, un aumento en el puntaje de aceptación de las experiencias y una disminución en la conciencia. Se concluye que dicha intervención es factible porque permite la diminuición de los sintomas y una mayor conciencia y reflexión del participante con respecto a sus relaciones íntimas, y el desarrollo de una actitud de no juicio, apertura y compasión relacionada con la experiencia actual.(AU)

"Mi Dragón Dormido", herramienta terapéutica y psicoeducativa para la revelación del diagnóstico de VIH/SIDA a niños y prevención del estigma social / "Mi Dragón Dormido" ("My Sleeping Dragon"), therapeutic and psychoeducational tool for the HIV/AIDS diagnosis disclosure to children and prevention of social stigma

INTRODUCCIÓN: La Organización Mundial de la Salud y la Académica Americana de Pediatría sugieren revelar el diagnóstico de VIH a niños. Sin embargo, esto no es una práctica consolidada en Colombia; a menudo esto ocurre porque los cuidadores no tienen una metodología adecuada para llevar a cabo este proceso. OBJETIVO: Se presenta la evaluación de la eficacia de la historia "Mi Dragón Dormido" para el proceso de educación y revelación del diagnóstico de VIH/SIDA a niños. MÉTODO: Mediante muestreo no probabilístico intencional; se administraron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 40 niños, seropositivos (n = 20) y seronegativos (n = 20) para VIH/SIDA. Se trató de un estudio cualitativo y diseño sistemático. Se realizó análisis cualitativo mediante el software NVivo 10 con codificación tipo Nodos de Árbol. RESULTADOS: Los datos cualitativos aportaron aproximaciones necesarias para mejorar el contenido y el diseño de la herramienta e indicaron que refleja la realidad de los niños y permite identificar temores y preguntas frecuentes frente a la condición crónica de salud del VIH. CONCLUSIONES: Estos resultados aportan información importante a considerar en el proceso de revelación del diagnóstico y su manejo por parte del personal de salud.

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization and the American Academy of Pediatrics suggest disclose the HIV diagnosis to children. However, the disclosure of HIV/AIDS diagnosis to children and adolescents, it is not a consolidated practice in Colombia, often this occurs because caregivers do not have an adequate methodology to carry out this process. AIM: We present the efficiency components validation of "Mi dragon Dormido" history in the educational process and revelation ofAIDS diagnosis to boys and girls. METHOD: By means of purposive non-probability sampling, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 children, with an equal number of children who were seropositive (n = 20) and seronegative (n = 20) for HIV/ AIDS. A qualitative study with the approach of grounded theory and systematic design was conducted. We conducted the qualitative study through the NVivo software, with the codification type being Tree Nodes. RESULTS: The qualitative data provided necessary approximations to improve the content and design of the tool and showed that it reflects the reality of children and allows them to identify frequent fears and questions regarding to chronic health condition of HIV. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide important information to be considered in the process of diagnosis revelation and its management by health personnel.

Intervenção para mães com depressão pós-parto: protocolos de psicoeducação e treino para reconhecimento de emoção / Intervention for mothers with postpartum depression: psychoeducation and training for emotion recognition protocols / Intervención para madres con depresión posparto: protocolos de psicoeducación y capacitación para el reconocimiento de la emoción

A Depressão Pós-Parto Materna (DPP) é uma condição clínica que acarreta efeitos negativos na saúde da mãe, do bebê, e na relação entre ambos. Intervenções neste contexto devem ser adaptadas à realidade, a fim de diminuir os impactos no desenvolvimento infantil e na saúde materna. O objetivo deste estudo foi a construção de um protocolo de psicoeducação e a elaboração de um treinamento de reconhecimento de emoções. O método se constituiu de quatro etapas: revisão da literatura, proposta preliminar, análise de especialistas e estudo piloto. A psicoeducação foi guiada por sete cartilhas com temáticas típicas do desenvolvimento, e o treinamento de reconhecimento de emoções foi composto por um protocolo de atendimento para mães com DPP e seus bebês, com o objetivo de trabalhar questões relativas ao processamento de faces materno e viés atencional. Os resultados demonstraram que as duas propostas de protocolo de intervenção se mostraram de fácil compreensão para os sujeitos avaliados.

Postpartum Maternal Depression (PPD) is a clinical condition that has negative effects on the health of the mother, the baby and the relationship between both. Interventions in this context must be adapted to reality in order to reduce the impacts on child development and maternal health. The aim of this study was to build a psychoeducational protocol and to develop an emotion recognition training. The method consisted of four stages: literature review, preliminary proposal, expert analysis and pilot study. Psychoeducation was guided by seven booklets with themes typical of development, and the emotion recognition training consisted of a care protocol for mothers with PPD and their babies, with the objective of working on issues related to the processing of maternal faces and attentional bias. The results showed that the two intervention protocol proposals proved to be easy to understand for the evaluated subjects.

La depresión materna posparto (DPP) es una condición clínica que tiene efectos negativos en la salud de la madre, el bebé y la relación entre ambos. Las intervenciones en este contexto deben adaptarse a la realidad para reducir los impactos sobre el desarrollo infantil y la salud materna. El objetivo de este estudio fue construir un protocolo psicoeducativo y desarrollar un entrenamiento de reconocimiento de emociones. El método consistió en cuatro etapas: revisión de la literatura, propuesta preliminar, análisis de expertos y estudio piloto. La psicoeducación se guió por siete cartillas con temas típicos del desarrollo, y el entrenamiento de reconocimiento de emociones consistió en un protocolo de atención para madres con DPP y sus bebés, con el objetivo de trabajar en temas relacionados con el procesamiento de rostros maternos y sesgos atencionales. Los resultados mostraron que las dos propuestas de protocolo de intervención demostraron ser de fácil comprensión para los sujetos evaluados.

Assertive skills: a comparison of two group interventions with Brazilian university students

The improvement or acquisition of socioemotional skills contributes to the academic and personal adaptation of university students. The way students think about themselves and others influence their social skills and well-being. Considering the importance of social competence for professional practice in the face of new social realities, the university must invest in programs that promote the socio-emotional development of students. This study compared the effects of interventions based on Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy and Psychoeducation on assertive skills and subjective well-being. This study involved 25 undergraduate students of a public university. The students were randomly allocated to three groups, including the Control group, and they were evaluated by means of questionnaires, inventories, scales, and written evaluation of the group process. The program consisted of 10 meetings and a 6-week follow-up. Irrational beliefs were reduced and their assertive skills' scores increased in the post-intervention and follow-up evaluations, regardless of the group. Only verbal reports from participants indicated an increase in well-being. The students' written reports after the end of the meetings indicate that the two forms of intervention were evaluated as promoting change by the students. One of the limitations of the study is the size of the groups. Despite the very small sample size, the study highlights that developing a set of flexible beliefs is fundamental to the exercise of assertiveness. (AU)

A qualitative assessment of psycho-educational videos for frontline COVID-19 healthcare workers in Mexico / Evaluación cualitativa de videos psicoeducativos para personal de salud de primera línea ante el COVID-19 en México

Abstract Introduction Frontline COVID-19 healthcare workers (FLHCWs) are at a high-risk of suffering occupational stress- and trauma-related mental health problems, including burnout and compassion fatigue (B&CF). Given the time limitations (due to their heavy workloads) and need to minimize face-to-face interventions (in order to avoid contagions), psychological interventions for FHCWs should be as brief and remote as possible. Objective To evaluate the usability and clarity of evidence-based psycho-educational videos to prevent B&CF, to deal with uncooperative, hostile, and anxious patients and relatives, and to use personal protective equipment (PPE), from the perspective of Mexican FLHCWs. Method Based on a convenience sampling by intensity approach, videos were distributed requesting feedback based on specific questions through WhatsApp to FLHCWs. Field notes were used to triangulate the information. Results Content analysis of feedback from a final sample of 24 participants ‒75% women, 42 ± 8.4 years old‒ yielded three general thematic categories and seven subthemes: 1. content evaluation, which included three subthemes: utility, pertinence, and practicality; 2. dissemination and other needs, with two subcategories: willingness to share and receive more videos (other needs); and 3. format aspects, also comprising two subthemes: attractiveness and duration. All participants found the videos content very beneficial, relevant, and applicable to the workplace and even in their everyday personal and family life, and were willing to share them and to receive more videos on other issues, including strategies to manage problems related to isolation. Discussion and conclusion Escalation of this remote preventive intervention to other COVID-19 centers and future similar epidemics is recommended.

Resumen Introducción Los trabajadores de la salud de primera línea (TSPL) ante el COVID-19 presentan alto riesgo de desgaste profesional y fatiga por compasión (DP&FC). Tomando en cuenta sus limitaciones de tiempo y la necesidad de minimizar las intervenciones cara a cara, las intervenciones psicológicas para los TSPL deben ser tan breves y remotas como sea posible. Objetivo Evaluar la utilidad y claridad de videos psicoeducativos basados en evidencia para prevenir DP&FC, el manejo de pacientes y familiares no cooperativos, hostiles o ansiosos, y el uso de equipo de protección personal desde la perspectiva de los TSPL mexicanos. Método Los videos se distribuyeron a los TSPL por medio de WhatsApp, solicitándoles su opinión con base en preguntas específicas. Se utilizaron notas de campo para triangular esta información. Resultados El análisis de contenido de las retroalimentaciones recibidas por una muestra final de 24 participantes ‒75% mujeres, 42 ± 8.4 años‒ arrojó tres categorías temáticas y nueve subtemas: 1. evaluación de contenido, con tres subtemas: utilidad, pertinencia y practicidad, 2. difusión y otras necesidades, con dos subcategorías: disponibilidad tanto a compartir como a recibir más videos (otras necesidades), y 3. aspectos de forma, también con dos subtemas: atractivo y duración. La totalidad consideró los videos muy benéficos, relevantes y aplicables en el trabajo y su vida diaria personal y familiar; y reportó disposición a compartirlos y a recibir más material de este tipo. Discusión y conclusión Se recomienda el escalamiento de esta medida preventiva y remota a otros centros COVID-19 y en futuras epidemias similares.

Factors influencing motivation in alcohol dependence syndrome patients in a tertiary care hospital of Assam

Background: The aim of this study is to study the change in motivation in patients with alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS).Design: 50 consecutive patients admitted for the treatment of ADS in a tertiary care hospital were evaluated. It was a cross sectional observational study.Methods: The study was done in a tertiary care hospital in the in-patient department of psychiatry. Structured performa for sociodemographic details. Psychiatric morbidity was assessed by structured clinical interview according to ICD10. SAD-Q (severity of alcohol dependence questionnaire) to assess severity of alcohol dependence. The assessment of motivation was done using the University of Rhode Island change assessment scale at baseline and after 10 days of admission. Data was evaluated keeping the aims and objectives in mind with appropriate statistical method using Statistical package social software (SPSS) version 21 and descriptive statistics was used. Chi square and Fisher exact test were used to assess the significance.Results:  A total 64% were in pre-contemplation, 30% in contemplation and 6% were in action stage of motivation at baseline assessment. A significant change was seen in the levels of motivation towards contemplation and action stage after a brief hospital stay of 10 days. Motivation to change had a significant association with education and severity of alcohol dependence.Conclusions: Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment during a short hospital stay results in improvement in readiness for change in patients of alcohol dependence syndrome.

Psicoeducación en salud mental: una herramienta para pacientes y familiares / Psychoeducation in mental health: a tool for families and patients

Las personas que padecen patologías de salud mental con frecuencia sufren estigma y exclusión por parte de la sociedad. El desconocimiento y el temor a ser discriminado evita el acercamiento de las personas a los servicios de salud, provocando latencias y abandono del tratamiento. La psicoeducación es una herramienta que busca que pacientes y familias conozcan la naturaleza de la enfermedad, promoviendo la autonomía, el empoderamiento y la reintegración social. El siguiente artículo recoge evidencia en torno a esta temática, discutiendo sobre la aplicabilidad de sus resultados, la importancia de replicar métodos y sistematizar experiencias.

Mental health illness are often related with social stigma. The unknowledge and the generalization of conducts of people with mental health illness, impacts the approach to social or medical services and sometimes quit the treatment. Psychoeducation as a tool in this area, persuits that patients and family know the nature of the illness, his ethiology, course, therapeutic approaches and outcomes. This article takes evidence sorround psychoeducation in mental health illness, discuss the appliance of the results and the importance of replying and systematization of experiences.