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Objective:To analyze the psychological contract satisfaction of contracted residents and its impact on their behavioral intentions under the guidance of incomplete contract theory, for reference in improving the effectiveness of contracted family doctor services.Methods:1 100 contracted residents from nine townships/streets in Shandong province were selected as subjects according to stratified random sampling from September 2019 to June 2020, and a questionnaire survey on the level of satisfaction of contracted residents′ psychological contracts(24 items) and assessment of behavior intentions(9 items) was conducted, and the model of the effect of contracted residents′ psychological contracts on behavior intentions was established and analyzed. The correlation was validated by Pearson test and the structural equation method was used for verifying the model.Results:998 valid questionnaires were recovered. The psychological contract satisfaction score of the contracted residents was 3.45±0.56 and the behavioral intention was 2.81±0.29. Both transactional and relational psychological contracts were correlated with all dimensions of behavioral intention( P<0.01). Concerning the impacts of residents′ psychological contracts on behavioral intentions, the effect coefficients of transactional psychological contracts on loyalty intention, voice intention, exit intention and neglect intention were 0.33, 0.24, -0.25 and -0.49 respectively, with an indirect effect on neglect intention; the effect coefficients of relational psychological contracts on loyalty intention, voice intention, exit intention and neglect intention were 0.26, 0.10, -0.14 and -0.50 respectively, with an indirect effect on advice intention and neglect intention. Conclusions:Residents′ psychological contract has yet not been effectively satisfied. Satisfying and improving the residents′ psychological contract can directly enhance their loyalty intention and reduce their exit intention, indirectly influencing the voice and neglect intentions. In order to enhance the effectiveness of family doctor contracted services and improve the healthcare experience of contracted residents, it is suggested that the relevant departments should actively take the following measures, including carrying out a survey on the psychological contract of contracted residents, building a provincial-city-county-township collaborative linkage platform, and so on.
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@#Abstract: Objective ， To explore the relationship among job stress psychological contract and occupational adaptation in - . Methods newly hired policemen A total of 413 new police officers in a southwest province were selected as the research ， subjects using convenient sampling method. The Chinese version of Perceived Stress Scale the Psychological Contract ， Questionnaire and the Occupational Adaptation Scale were used to investigate their job stress psychological contract and occupational adaptation respectively. The effects of job stress and psychological contract on occupational adaptation was analyzed. Results ， （ ），（ ） The total scores of job stress psychological contract and occupational adaptation were 27.6±7.1 63.9±16.6 and （ ）， - 56.2±8.6 respectively. The work pressure of newly hired police officers was negatively correlated with occupational ［ （r） ，P< ］ adaptation correlation coefficient =−0.61 0.01 . There was a positive correlation between psychological contract and （r ，P< ） occupational adaptation =0.59 0.01 . The results of hierarchical regression analysis showed that after adjusting for ， ， ， ， ， confounding factors such as gender education level marriage fertility the stronger the sense of out of control in work stress （P< ）； ， the lower the level of occupational adaptation 0.01 the higher the score of psychological contract the higher the level of （P< ） occupational adaptation 0.01 . The psychological contract played a mediating role between job stress and occupational ， Conclusion - adaption accounting for 12.5% of the total effect. The job stress and psychological contract of the newly hired policemen can affect their occupational adaptation. Psychological contract plays a partial intermediary role in job stress on occupational adaptation.
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Objective:To describe the content and analyze the constitutive dimensions of the psychological contracts with residents contracted for family physician services.Methods:Based on a collection of policy documents on family doctor contracting services issued by central government ministries and relevant departments in Shandong province as well as 27 signed family doctor agreements in nine counties (cities, districts) of Shandong province, semi-structured interviews were made to 48 residents in both September 2019-January 2020 period and May-June 2020 period, regarding the verbal promises of family doctors and the needs of these contracted residents. Then the documented and non-documented commitments of the family doctors were extracted in the content analysis method, and a credibility test was made using the Myers reliability test formula.Results:A total of 639 written commitments of family doctors were obtained, covering 5 types of responsibilities and 20 commitments, and the credibility coefficient was 0.88. 322 codes of non-documented commitments were obtained, 4 commitments were added on the basis of documented commitments, and the credibility coefficient was 0.90. The psychological contracts were sorted out in such five areas as technical quality responsibility, cost control responsibility, convenient access responsibility, communication responsibility, and empathic responsibility, by matching the residents′ medical service needs obtained from the interviews, while the first three categories and the last two categories were classified as transactional and relational psychological contracts, respectively, with 10 items of technical quality responsibility accounting for the highest percentage (41.67%).Conclusions:The documented and non-documented commitments of family doctors differed in content and structure. The psychological contract signed by residents was mainly transactional, and residents had higher expectations for family doctors to provide high-quality, convenient and economical services.
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Resumen El contrato psicológico es un concepto clave en la comprensión de las relaciones de trabajo en la actualidad. Sin embargo, dada la pluralidad y composición de éstas por las dinámicas empresariales, la concepción sobre la formación de contratos psicológicos se hace a la vez compleja. En este sentido, se propone en este artículo teórico, el análisis de la estructuración de las relaciones de trabajo a través de diversos niveles de actuación, como encuadre para la comprensión de la formación de contratos psicológicos. Esta perspectiva permite obtener una visión más amplia y completa de la manera como funcionan las relaciones de trabajo, con el propósito de adoptar una mirada multidimensional del contrato psicológico, para poder entender que éste no se reduce a una relación diádica, sino que en su formación intervienen otros aspectos provenientes de los diversos niveles en que se configuran las relaciones de trabajo en las organizaciones.
Abstract The psychological contract is a key concept for understanding work relationships today. However, given the plurality and composition of these by business dynamics, the conception of the formation of psychological contracts becomes complex too. In this sense, current theoretical article proposes the analysis of the structuring of labor relations through different levels of action, as a framework for the understanding of the formation of psychological contracts. This perspective allows us to obtain a wider and more complete vision of how the working relationships work, all of this in order to adopt a multidimensional view of the psychological contract, in order to understand that it doesn't reduce to a dyadic relationship, but in its formation other aspects intervene from the various levels in which work relationships are configured in organizations.
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Objective@#To learn the job experience and cognition of the staff working in elderly-healthcare institutions by means of the psychological contract theory and the questionnaire so developed, for probing into the factors affecting the work recognition.@*Methods@#The psychological contract questionnaire was used to conduct on-site questionnaires on 232 staff of such institutions in Hubei province between July 2018 and February 2019. The study covered their job experience and organizational contract, responsibility cognition. The data collected were analyzed statistically by methods such as variance analysis, descriptive statistics and related analysis.@*Results@#It was found that personal responsibility scoring(76.0±11.8) was generally higher than organizational responsibility scoring(60.9±10.0). 46.1%(107/232) of the employees had the intention of resignation. The respondents′ resignation intention was correlated with the performance of the organization, and there was a strong correlation between employees′ career development and their resignation intention(Gamma coefficient G≥0.5).@*Conclusions@#Organizational performance needs further enhancement, and institutions should better the income distribution and incentive mechanism, and raise the income level of the staff. At the same time, the managers should optimize the institutional environment, improve the social status of the staff, strengthen career planning, training, and provide them with a more promising career development path.
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Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la relación entre estrés laboral y contrato psicológico, respecto al cambio organizacional en empleados de cuatro empresas en Bogotá. El estudio se llevó a cabo mediante la aplicación del cuestionario de roles ocupacionales adaptado a la población colombiana por García-Neira, et al., (2012), el inventario de contrato psicológico versión 2 y el de medición de cambio organizacional. Los participantes fueron 100 colaboradores de distintas organizaciones del sector privado. Se realizó un estudio transversal de alcance correlacional corroborado a partir de un análisis de regresión simple. Se evidenció que la variable de cambio organizacional correlaciona con la mayoría de las subvariables de contrato psicológico de manera positiva, y con las de estrés de manera negativa. Finalmente se encontró que el contrato psicológico explica el cambio organizacional en un mayor nivel predictivo que el estrés laboral. Estos resultados constituyen un aporte teórico y empírico para que las organizaciones comprendan cómo abordar los procesos de cambio organizacional.
Abstract The goal of this research was to identify the relationship between work stress and psychological contract in the process of organizational change in employees of four companies in Bogotá. We used the Colombian adaptation of the questionnaire of occupational roles by García - Neira, Piraquive, Salazar, & García (2012), the inventory of psychological contract, version 2 and the organizational change measure. Then, we performed a correlational cross-sectional analysis corroborated with a simple regression analysis. Organizational change was found to positively correlate with most subvariables of psychological contract, and negatively with stress. Finally, psychological contract seemed to explain organizational change at a higher predictive level than work-related stress. These results are a theoretical and empirical contribution that may be used by organizations to understand how to approach organizational change.
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Objective@#To investigate the situation of work engagement among nurses in tertiary level 1st general hospitals and evaluated potential associations between psychological contract, psychological capital, and work Engagement.@*Methods@#A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used. 320 nurses from three tertiary level 1st general hospitals in Jinan was included. Data were gathered with Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9) , Psychological Capital Questionnaire, and Psychological Contract Questionnaire. Possible predictors of work engagement were analyzed using ANOVA and multivariate linear regression models with SPSS 20.0.@*Results@#A total of 320 questionnaires were enrolled and 282 questionnaires were returned, with a response rate of 88.1%. The total mean (SD) score was 3.79 (0.91) for work engagement, 3.66 (0.72) for psychological contract and 4.39 (0.63) for psychological capital. One-way analysis of variance and post-hoc analysis showed that there was significant difference in work engagement among nurses of different gender (P<0.05) , education level (P<0.05) , department (P<0.01) and professional title (P<0.05) . Pearson correlation analysis showed that psychological contract positively associated with work engagement (r=0.253, P<0.01) and psychological capital (r=0.198, P<0.01) , and psychological capital positively associated with work engagement (r=0.575, P<0.01) . Results of multiple hierarchical regression analysis showed that work department, gender, educational background, professional title, hope, optimism and team obligation predicted work engagement and they accounted for 42.8% of the variance in work engagement.@*Conclusion@#The work engagement of nurses is at a medium level. Work engagement of nurses is influenced by gender, professional title, educational level and department; Both psychological contract and psychological capital of nurses positively correlated with work engagement.
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Resumen Se examinan las creencias de una muestra de empleados mexicanos sobre las obligaciones recíprocas en la relación empleado-empleador, con base en los tipos de Contrato Psicológico Relacional y Transaccional. Se realizó un estudio no experimental, correlacional, transversal. Participaron 345 empleados de diversas organizaciones de la Ciudad de México. Se pusieron a prueba modelos PATH sobre la relación de las creencias del empleado sobre las obligaciones empleado-empleador. En el modelo Relacional, se identificaron antecedentes sobre las creencias de Lealtad y Seguridad, el modelo mostró menos variables independientes con un mayor nivel predictivo. En el modelo Transaccional se identificaron más variables independientes relacionadas con un menor nivel predictivo. Se señala la necesidad de proponer modelos predictivos con otras variables, como el compromiso, la justicia y la adherencia organizacional, la satisfacción laboral, el desempeño y la rotación. Esta investigación contribuye a la Teoría del Intercambio Social en las Organizaciones y la dinámica del Contrato Psicológico como un enfoque que puede ayudar en la definición de estrategias, políticas organizacionales y prácticas orientadas a relaciones laborales sanas en México.
Abstract Based on Social Exchange Theory in Organizations, this research examines the beliefs of Mexican employees about reciprocal obligations in the employee-employer relationship, operationalize on the types of Relational and Transactional Psychological Contract. A non-experimental, correlational, cross-sectional study was performed. A total of 345 employees from diferent organizations from Mexico City participated. Correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis and PATH models were conducted. Results of goodness of fit of the measurement model for each tipe of psychological contract are shown to add evidence of validity of the PCI (Psychological Contract Inventory) in Mexican population, as well as acceptable Cronbach Alpha index were founded. Evidence of a reciprocity Relational model was found; this model identifies employer obligation beliefs as antecedents that influenced the employee's Loyalty and Safety beliefs. Evidence of a Transactional model was found; this model identifies antecedents that influenced the beliefs of a Short-Term employment relationship whit a Limited approach. These research marks the opportunity for similar studies in different employee groups and industries. The knowledge and study of the Psychological Contract in Mexico can help organizations to clearly define their internal policies of employment relationships that benefit to both employer and employees. This research proposes the dynamics of the Psychological Contract in the study of employment relationships in Mexico as a powerful approach that provides clarity in the explanation of reciprocity in the workplace.
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Objective To investigate the neurosurgery nurses turnover intention and the psychological contract status to analyze the relationship between them. Methods The Departure Will Scale and Questionnaire of Psychological Contract were used to survey 128 neurosurgery nurses from seven general hospitals in Lishui city. Results Of neurosurgery nurses turnover intention scale was (2.24±0.71) points, whose leaving intend was stronger;Psychological contract items was (4.17±0.67) points, which organization responsibility score wasbelow employees responsibility; Hierarchical regression analysis showed that the psychological contract in the organization responsibility (organization specification responsibility, organization, personal responsibility and organizational development responsibility) could predict neurosurgery nurses′ willingness to leave, which could be able to explain their willingness to leave 13.5%of the variation. Conclusions Neurosurgery nurses′willingness to leave is strong, and psychological contract is an important factors affecting the will of their departure.
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RESUMONeste estudo avaliamos em que medida a Teoria da Troca Social podia ser utilizada para explicar as respostas dos trabalhadores temporários de agência (TTA). Aplicamos um questionário a uma amostra de 953 TTA e utilizamos Modelos de Equações Estruturais para analisar os resultados. Verificamos que o sistema de práticas de gestão de recursos humanos se relacionava positivamente com o comprometimento afetivo (β = 0,58; p < 0,01) e com o engagement (β = 0,24; p< 0,01), explicando 40% e 30% dessas variáveis, respectivamente. O cumprimento do contrato psicológico por parte da organização mediava parcialmente a relação entre este sistema e essas respostas positivas dos trabalhadores. Uma importante implicação deste estudo é que o investimento nos TTA relaciona-se com respostas positivas da sua parte.
ABSTRACTThis study analyzed the extent to which the Social Exchange Theory can be used to explain the answers of temporary agency workers’ (TAW). We applied a questionnaire to a sample of 953 TAW and used Structural Equation Models (SEM) to analyze the results. We verified that the system of human resource management related positively with workers' affective commitment (β = 0,58; p< 0,01) and engagement (β = 0,24; p < 0,01), explained 40% e 30% of these variables respectively. The psychological contract fulfillment partially mediated the relationship between this system and TAW’ positive answers. One important implication of this study is that it confirms that investment with TAW has a return, i.e. positive workers outcome, which is important to organizational efficacy.
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Este artigo teve por objetivo construir e validar instrumento que contemplasse o caráter bilateral e multidimensional do conteúdo dos contratos psicológicos. O ICP, instrumento de contrato psicológico, é composto por duas escalas, a de obrigações do empregado (EEO), e a de obrigações do empregador (EER). A validação foi feita em uma organização pública brasileira, com amostra de 382 empregados recém admitidos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória. A solução de três fatores foi considerada a mais adequada teoricamente para ambas as escalas. A EEO resultou formada por 16 itens e a EER, por 18 itens. A estrutura empírica do instrumento e os índices de fidedignidade encontrados tornam seu uso recomendável...
This study aimed to construct and validate an instrument that encompasses the bilateral and multidimensional characters of the content of psychological contracts. The Psychological Contract Instrument (ICP), consists of two scales: the Employee Obligations (EEO) and the Employer Obligations (EER). The validation was performed in a Brazilian, public organization with a sample of 382 newly-hired employees. The data were subjected to exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The three-factor solution was deemed most appropriate for both scales. The EEO comprised of 16 items and the EER, 18 items. The empirical structure of the instrument and the psychometric reliability indices determined that the scales use is advisable...
Este artículo tuvo como objetivo construir y validar un instrumento que abarcara el carácter bilateral y multi-dimensional del contenido de los contratos psicológicos. El ICP, Instrumento de contrato psicológico, consiste en dos escalas, de las obligaciones de los empleados EEO y de las obligaciones del empleador EER. La validación se llevó a cabo en una organización pública brasileña, con una muestra de 382 recién llegados. Los datos fueron sometidos a un análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio. La solución de tres factores se consideró la teoría más adecuada. La EEO resultó compuesto por 16 artículos y EER, 18 artículos. La estructura empírica del instrumento y los índices de fiabilidad encontraron su uso aconsejable...
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Humans , Male , Adult , Contracts , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Work/psychologyABSTRACT
Este estudo procurou analisar a produção científica brasileira 2000-2010 sobre vínculos do empregado com a organização, abrangendo quatro temas principais: comprometimento organizacional, contratos psicológicos, cidadania organizacional e percepções de apoio e de justiça e equidade. Justifica essa escolha a importância dessas questões para o campo de pesquisa micro-organizacional e a intensa concentração de pesquisa sobre o tema. Sessenta e três artigos foram identificados. As análises seguiram três ênfases: aspectos metodológicos; conteúdos dos artigos, suas contribuições e limitações; e as redes de parcerias entre autores e instituições. Os resultados indicam altos níveis de nebulosidade conceitual e de sobreposição de instrumentos, e pouca interação entre grupos de pesquisa. Com base nos resultados, foi proposta uma agenda de pesquisa.
This study sought to analyze the Brazilian scientific production in 2000-2010 on employee's linkages with the organization, covering four main topics: organizational commitment, psychological contracts, organizational citizenship and perceptions of support, justice and equity. The importance of these issues to micro-organizational research and the intense research on the topic are the reasons for making this choice. Sixty-three articles were identified. The analyses followed three emphases: methodological features; content of articles, their contributions and limitations; and partnership networks between authors and institutions. The results show high levels of conceptual haziness and overlapping of instruments, and little interaction between research groups. Based on the findings, a research agenda is proposed.
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Objective To explore the effect of psychological contract on innovation behavior in nurses.Methods 266 nurses were questionnaired with Psychological Contract Scale and Innovative Behavior Scale.And then,explored the relationship between the psychological contract and innovative behavior.Results ①The average score of nurse innovative behavior was (4.58 ± 0.73),which was in the middle level.There were significant differences between the scores of innovative behavior of nurses in the different age,or work experience,or professional titles.②Pearson correlation analysis showed that nurse innovative behavior score was significantly negatively correlated with each dimension of psychological contract(r=-0.542-0.441,P＜0.05).③The multiple hnear regression analysis showed that the scores of development responsibility of hospital,realistic responsibility of hospital,personal development responsibility and personal realistic responsibility were the independent influencing factors of nurse innovative behavior.Conclusions Psychological contract is the important influencing factor of nurse innovative behavior.
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En los últimos años un gran número de organizaciones se han visto obligadas a aceptar procesos de fusión, redimensionamientos y reducción de plantillas de personal debido a las condiciones económicas y financieras impuestas por los mercados globales. En estos contextos organizacionales, el colectivo de trabajadores de edad o mayores -por encima de los 50 años- es el que más riesgos asume, al convertirse en el blanco prioritario de las políticas de downsizing. El presente estudio tiene como principal objetivo analizar las relaciones entre la edad y la percepción de ruptura del contrato psicológico (CP) en una muestra de 498 empleados del sector bancario. Adicionalmente, se analiza el papel mediador desempeñado por la percepción de apoyo organizacional (PAO) en dicha relación. Los resultados señalan que los empleados de más de 50 años perciben en mayor medida la ruptura del CP que los de edades inferiores, aunque la PAO puede atenuar dicha percepción. Se discuten los resultados obtenidos a la luz del posible ageism, o discriminación laboral por razones de edad, de estas políticas y prácticas organizacionales, así como sus implicaciones prácticas.
In recent years many organizations have been forced to accept mergers, downsizing, and layoffs due to economic conditions and financial constraints imposed by global markets. In these organizational contexts, the older workforce, over 50 years of age, is the one that runs the highest risk of becoming the main target of downsizing policies. The principal aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between age and the perception of psychological contract (PC) breach in a sample of 498 employees from the banking sector. Additionally, we analyze the mediating role played by perceived organizational support (POS) in this relationship. The results indicate that employees over 50 years of age perceive more PC breach in comparison with younger workers, although POS can mitigate this perception. Results are discussed in light of possible ageism of these organizational policies and practices, as well as their practical implications.
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Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Occupational Groups/psychology , Contracts , Career Mobility , Interinstitutional RelationsABSTRACT
En el presente artículo se presentan algunas reflexiones, con bases teóricas y empíricas, acerca de las implicaciones que están teniendo lugar en la conformación de los contratos psicológicos de los trabajadores que se encuentran vinculados mediante empleo y formas contemporáneas de contratación, como el outsourcing y las cooperativas de trabajo asociado. Estudios recientes muestran cómo estas otras formas de contratación afectan aspectos psicosociales de los trabajadores, impactando de manera negativa la gestión de las organizaciones. El artículo finaliza con una serie de interrogantes acerca de la confluencia entre los efectos negativos en el contrato psicológico de las formas de tercerización de la fuerza de trabajo, y tendencias actuales de gestión como los equipos de alto desempeño y la gestión del conocimiento.
This article presents several theoretical and empirical considerations on the implications which are taking place in the make-up of psychological contract of workers who are employed with contemporary hiring methods, such as outsourcing and associated workers' cooperatives. Recent studies show that these recent methods of hiring affect psychosocial aspects of workers, and have a negative impact on the management of organizations. The article concludes with a series of questions about the confluence between the negative effects of the psychological contract and the methods of outsourcing the workforce and current management trends such as high performance teams or knowledge management.
No presente artigo se apresentam algumas reflexões com bases teóricas e empíricas sobre as implicações que estão tendo lugar na conformação dos contratos psicológicos dos trabalhadores que estão vinculados a um emprego e formas contemporâneas de contratação, como o outsourcing e as cooperativas de trabalho associado. Estudos recentes amostram como estes padrões de contratação afetam aspetos psicossociais dos trabalhadores, impactando de jeito negativo a gestão das organizações. O artigo finaliza com uma série de interrogantes sobre a confluência entre os efeitos negativos no contrato psicológico das formas de terceirização da força de trabalho, e tendências atuais de gestão como as equipes de alto desempenho e a gestão do conhecimento.
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Humans , Employment , Psychology/organization & administration , Outsourced Services , Handling, PsychologicalABSTRACT
It is the core of the recent science and technology management to impmve the innovation and competition of scientific research team.The transformation of the psychological contract between the organization and the individuals presents a deep influence on the administration.The idea of psychological contract is introduced into organization management in order to fit the needs of contemporary science and technology development.and help to inspire the team innovation at a deeper level and in a broader scope.This Paper studied the effect of the psychological contract on inspiring the team and individuals with innovation attitude and on impmving the organization and inspiration of 973 projects in order to accelerate the innovation of the organization and management.
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A psychological contract represents the mutual beliefs,perceptions,and infor-mal obligations in a generalized form between an employer and an employee.Medical universities should attach great importance to the theory of psychological contract when considering how to analyze the cause of teachers’Job burnout and find a solution to it.
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Combined with the concept and content,forming and adjustment of the theory of psychological contract as well as the impact of the breach of psychological contract,this paper analyzed the impact of psychological contract upon employment work,brought forward that enhancing the management of psychological contract and forming reasonable psychological contract had important meaning to enhance employment quality of university graduates and lessen contact breaks.
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The relationship between teacher and student is a special interpersonal relationship,which is guarantee for successful education.Based on written questionnaires done on the 150 sophomore medical students in Chengdu Medical College and implications taken from the investigation,the paper discussed the effects of psychological contract relationship between the teacher and college medical students on the college student's English study,then put forward the corresponding measurements to improve the teacher's teaching quality.