ABSTRACT
Abstract The present study analyzed gastrointestinal helminth communities in 265 wild pigeons (Columba livia) living in the municipalities of São Paulo and Tatuí, state of São Paulo, Brazil, over a one-year period. The birds were caught next to grain storage warehouses and were necropsied. A total of 790 parasites comprising one nematode species and one cestode genus were recovered from 110 pigeons, thus yielding an overall prevalence of 41.5%, mean intensity of infection of 7.2 ± 1.6 (range 1-144) and discrepancy index of 0.855. Only 15 pigeons (5.7%) presented mixed infection. The helminths isolated from the birds were Ascaridia columbae (Ascaridiidae) and Raillietina sp. (Davaineidae). The birds' weights differed according to sex but this did not influence the intensity of infection. The overall prevalence and intensity of infection did not differ between the sexes, but the prevalence was higher among the birds from Tatuí (47.8%). The gastrointestinal helminth community of C. livia was characterized in the two areas studied and parasite homogeneity was observed over the 12 months analyzed at both locations. These results make contributions to the current literature on health aspects of wild C. livia populations.
Resumo O presente estudo analisou comunidades gastrointestinais de helmintos em 265 indivíduos de Columba livia de vida livre nos municípios de São Paulo e Tatuí, estado de São Paulo, Brasil, durante um ano. As aves foram capturadas em áreas de armazenamento de grãos e sementes e necropsiadas. Um total de 790 parasitos representando uma espécie de nematódeo e um gênero de cestoide foram recuperados de 110 pombos com uma prevalência geral de 41,5%, intensidade média de infecção de 7,2 ± 1,6 (amplitude 1-144) e índice de discrepância de 0,855. Somente 15 (5,7%) pombos tiveram uma infecção mista. Os helmintos isolados das aves foram Ascaridia columbae (Ascaridiidae) e Raillietina sp. (Davaineidae). O peso das aves foi diferente entre os sexos, mas não influenciou a intensidade de infecção. A prevalência geral e a intensidade de infecção não foram diferentes entre sexo, mas a prevalência foi maior nas aves de Tatuí (47,8%). A comunidade gastrointestinal de helmintos de C. livia foi caracterizada nas duas áreas estudadas e uma homogeneidade de parasitos foi observada nos 12 meses analisados, em ambas localidades. Os resultados contribuem para a literatura atual sobre aspectos sanitários de populações de C. livia em vida livre.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Ascaridia/isolation & purification , Ascaridiasis/veterinary , Bird Diseases/parasitology , Cestoda/isolation & purification , Cestode Infections/veterinary , Gastrointestinal Tract/parasitology , Columbidae , Brazil , Animals, WildABSTRACT
Raillietina species are prevalent in domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) in Phayao province, northern Thailand. Their infection may cause disease and death, which affects the public health and economic situation in chicken farms. The identification of Raillietina has been based on morphology and molecular analysis. In this study, morphological observations using light (LM) and scanning electron microscopies (SEM) coupled with molecular analysis of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region and the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) gene were employed for precise identification and phylogenetic relationship studies of Raillietina spp. Four Raillietina species, including R. echinobothrida, R. tetragona, R. cesticillus, and Raillietina sp., were recovered in domestic chickens from 4 districts in Phayao province, Thailand. LM and SEM observations revealed differences in the morphology of the scolex, position of the genital pore, number of eggs per egg capsule, and rostellar opening surface structures in all 4 species. Phylogenetic relationships were found among the phylogenetic trees obtained by the maximum likelihood and distance-based neighbor-joining methods. ITS2 and ND1 sequence data recorded from Raillietina sp. appeared to be monophyletic. The query sequences of R. echinobothrida, R. tetragona, R. cesticillus, and Raillietina sp. were separated according to the different morphological characters. This study confirmed that morphological studies combined with molecular analyses can differentiate related species within the genus Raillietina in Thailand.
Subject(s)
Agriculture , Cestoda , Chickens , Eggs , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , NAD , Ovum , Oxidoreductases , Phylogeny , Public Health , Thailand , TreesABSTRACT
The prevalence of Raillietina tetragona, a helminth parasite was examined in domestic chick for a period of two annual cycles to determine the effects of seasonal variation on intensity and incidence of infection. The results show that the infection was more during summer followed by rainy and winter seasons. The infection was single or in association with other helminth parasites like Raillietina echinobothrida, Raillietina cesticillus and Ascardia galli. The results are discussed in relation to seasonal variation. The results were analysed by student t-test (P<0.05).
ABSTRACT
Duas especies de cestóides em perus, Meleagris gallopavo (Galliformes, Phasianidae), no Brazil: patologia induzida por Hymenolepis cantaniana e ocorência de Raillietina tetragona. A patologia induzida em perus pelo cestóide H. cantaniana é descrita, com dados sobre prevalência, intensidade media e amplitude das cargas parasitarias. H. cantaniana ocorreu com urna prevalência de 5.0 por cento nas 40 aves examinadas, com intensidade media de 17.5 e amplitude de 14-21 espécimes de cestóides. Não foram observadas lesões macroscópicas nos perus parasitados. As lesões provocadas por H. cantaniana eram representadas, principalmente, ou por múltiplos segmentos dos parásitos, acompanhados por discreta reação inflamatoria mista com a presera de células mononucleares e heterófilos, ou por severos processos inflamatorios transmurais, caracterizados pela presera de células mononucleares, ao longo das carnadas muscular e serosa das vilosidades e criptas intestinais. Estes representam os primeiros achados patológicos relacionados a presera de cestóides em perus a serem relatados no Brasil. Raillietina tetragona, não patogênica para as aves investigadas, ocorreu com baixa prevalência e amplitude de infecção de 2.5 por cento e 1-2 parásitos, respectivamente.
The pathology induced in turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) by one cestode species Hymenolepis cantaniana is described together with data on prevalence, mean infection and range of worm burdens. H. cantaniana occurred with a prevalence of 5.0 percent in the 40 examined hosts in a range of 14-21 specimens and a mean intensity of 17.5. Gross lesions were not observed in the parasitized birds. Lesions due to H cantaniana mainly consisted of multiple segments of parasites, together with a mild mixed inflammatory reaction with the presence ofmononuclear cells and heterophils or severe transmural inflammatory processes, characterized by the presence ofmononuclear cells along the muscular and serosa layers of the intestinal villi and crypts. These are the first pathological findings related to the presence ofcestodes in turkeys to be reported in Brazil so far. Raillietina tetragona, not pathogenic to the present investigated turkeys, occurred with a low prevalence and range of infection of 2.5 percent and 1-2 worms, respectively.
Subject(s)
Male , Animals , Female , Bird Diseases/parasitology , Cestode Infections/epidemiology , Cestode Infections/pathology , Turkeys/parasitology , Brazil/epidemiology , Bird Diseases/epidemiology , Bird Diseases/pathology , Cestode Infections/veterinary , PrevalenceABSTRACT
Um estudo descritivo das lesões causadas por helmintos dos gêneros: Ascaridia, Paratanaisia e Raillietina que acometem ascriações extensivas de galinha-dangola no estado do Rio de Janeiro, foi realizado no período de janeiro de 2002 a agosto de2003. A pesquisa baseou-se no exame clínico ante-mortem, eutanásia e coleta de material destinado à histopatologia de 22aves. Nestas, foram abordados os aspectos macro e microscópicos das injúrias, considerando a intensidade média deinfecção e a lesão determinada pelos gêneros dos helmintos estudados. Dos aspectos abordados, no presente trabalho, aenterite crônica com áreas de destruição da mucosa foi a lesão que apresentou, concomitantemente com as alteraçõesmacroscópicas, maior significado, sendo esta causada por parasitas do gênero Raillietina. O gênero Ascaridia, estava associadoa uma enterite parasitária com discreta reação inflamatória e o gênero Paratanaisia, a uma discreta reação inflamatóriaperitubular associada à dilatação dos ductos coletores.
ABSTRACT
Objective To compare the morphological features and the development of Raillietina echinobothrida and R.tetragona from chicken.Methods The parasites were collected from chicken digestive tract, and 3-5 fresh scolex fragments were separated.After being washed, fixed, dried, glided by ion sputter, the specimens were observed and photographed under scanning electron microscope.The cestodes were immersed in tap water for natural stretch and proglottids of different development stages were used for serial paraffin sections by conventional method, stained with HE and mounted in gum.Morphological observation was carried out by optical microscopy.The naturally stretched worms were pressed between two glass, stained, dehydrated, cleared, mounted, and observed under optical microscope.Results The body of the two species consists of scolex, neck and strobilae.Each mature proglottid showed a set of male and female reproductive system and genital openings on one side.Testes located on both sides of the ovary and behind vitellarium.A complete worm of R.echinobothrida was shorter than R.tetragona, with a round scolex and suckers and short neck.The ovary looked like leaf and vitellarium was in kidney-shape.There were many acid particles and calcareous corpuscles in gravid proglottids.Egg capsule showed no clear boundary and contained only one egg.However, the scolex and suckers of R.tetragona were oval in shape, and the neck was long and thin.The ovary was flower-like.Each egg capsule contained 4-12 eggs and many calcareous corpuscles, each of which was surrounded by a membrane.The male reproductive system matures first in both species.As the two reproductive systems matured, the proglottids became gravid after fertilization.The formation of egg capsule in the two species was similar.Conclusion There are no significant morphological and development differences between the two species of Raillietina.