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1.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 34(3): 315-318, May-June 2021. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1250096

ABSTRACT

Abstract Mechanical ventilation in prone position is an alternative strategy for patients with acute respiratory discomfort syndrome (ARDS) to improve oxygenation in situations when traditional ventilation modalities have failed. However, due to the significant increase in ARDS cases during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the experimental therapeutic use of potentially arrhythmogenic drugs, cardiopulmonary resuscitation in this unusual position could be needed. Therefore, we will review the available scientific evidence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in prone position.


Subject(s)
Humans , Prone Position , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/methods , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/therapy , Electric Countershock/methods , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/instrumentation
2.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 32(2): 284-294, Apr.-June 2020. tab, graf
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1138496

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar la relación de la asincronía paciente-ventilador con el nivel de sedación y evaluar la asociación con los resultados hemogasométricos y clínicos. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo de 122 pacientes admitidos en la unidad de cuidados intensivos con > 24 horas de ventilación mecánica invasiva y esfuerzo inspiratorio. En los primeros 7 días de ventilación, diariamente se evaluó la asincronía paciente-ventilador durante 30 minutos. La asincronía paciente-ventilador severa se definió con un índice de asincronía > 10%. Resultados: Se evaluaron 339.652 ciclos respiratorios en 504 observaciones. La media del índice de asincronía fue 37,8% (desviación estándar 14,1% - 61,5%). La prevalencia de asincronía paciente-ventilador severa fue 46,6%. Las asincronías paciente-ventilador más frecuentes fueron: trigger ineficaz (13,3%), auto-trigger (15,3%), flujo insuficiente (13,5%) y ciclado demorado (13,7%). La asincronía paciente-ventilador severa se relacionó con el nivel de sedación (trigger ineficaz: p = 0,020; flujo insuficiente: p = 0,016; ciclado precoz: p = 0,023) y el uso de midazolam (p = 0,020). La asincronía paciente-ventilador severa se asoció con las alteraciones hemogasométricas. La persistencia de la asincronía paciente-ventilador severa fue un factor de riesgo independiente para fracaso en la prueba de ventilación espontánea, tiempo de ventilación, neumonía asociada al ventilador, disfunción de órganos, mortalidad en la unidad de cuidados intensivos y estadía en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Conclusión: La asincronía paciente-ventilador es un trastorno frecuente en los pacientes críticos con esfuerzo inspiratorio. La interacción del paciente con el ventilador debe optimizarse para mejorar los parámetros hemogasométricos y los resultados clínicos. Se requieren otros estudios que confirmen estos resultados.


Abstract Objective: To identify the relationship of patient-ventilator asynchrony with the level of sedation and hemogasometric and clinical results. Methods: This was a prospective study of 122 patients admitted to the intensive care unit who underwent > 24 hours of invasive mechanical ventilation with inspiratory effort. In the first 7 days of ventilation, patient-ventilator asynchrony was evaluated daily for 30 minutes. Severe patient-ventilator asynchrony was defined as an asynchrony index > 10%. Results: A total of 339,652 respiratory cycles were evaluated in 504 observations. The mean asynchrony index was 37.8% (standard deviation 14.1 - 61.5%). The prevalence of severe patient-ventilator asynchrony was 46.6%. The most frequent patient-ventilator asynchronies were ineffective trigger (13.3%), autotrigger (15.3%), insufficient flow (13.5%), and delayed cycling (13.7%). Severe patient-ventilator asynchrony was related to the level of sedation (ineffective trigger: p = 0.020; insufficient flow: p = 0.016; premature cycling: p = 0.023) and the use of midazolam (p = 0.020). Severe patient-ventilator asynchrony was also associated with hemogasometric changes. The persistence of severe patient-ventilator asynchrony was an independent risk factor for failure of the spontaneous breathing test, ventilation time, ventilator-associated pneumonia, organ dysfunction, mortality in the intensive care unit, and length of stay in the intensive care unit. Conclusion: Patient-ventilator asynchrony is a frequent disorder in critically ill patients with inspiratory effort. The patient's interaction with the ventilator should be optimized to improve hemogasometric parameters and clinical results. Further studies are required to confirm these results.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Interactive Ventilatory Support/methods , Intensive Care Units , Time Factors , Inhalation/physiology , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Critical Illness , Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/epidemiology , Length of Stay
3.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 27(1): 26-35, Jan-Mar/2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-744692

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Na última década ocorreu um aumento no número de pacientes que necessitam manutenção de ventilação mecânica prolongada, resultando no surgimento de uma grande população de pacientes crônicos criticamente enfermos. Este estudo estabeleceu a incidência de ventilação mecânica prolongada em quatro unidades de terapia intensiva e relatou as diferentes características, desfechos hospitalares e impacto nos custos e serviços de pacientes com ventilação mecânica prolongada (dependência de ventilação mecânica por 21 dias ou mais) em comparação a pacientes sem ventilação mecânica prolongada (dependência de ventilação mecânica inferior a 21 dias). Métodos: Este foi um estudo multicêntrico de coorte que envolveu todos os pacientes admitidos em quatro unidades de terapia intensiva. As principais avaliações de desfechos incluíram o tempo de permanência na unidade de terapia intensiva e no hospital, a incidência de complicações durante a permanência na unidade de terapia intensiva, e a mortalidade na unidade de terapia intensiva e no hospital. Resultados: Durante o período do estudo, ocorreram 5.287 admissões às unidades de terapia intensiva. Alguns desses pacientes (41,5%) necessitaram de suporte ventilatório (n = 2.197), e 218 dos pacientes (9,9%) cumpriram os critérios de ventilação mecânica prolongada. Algumas complicações se desenvolveram durante a permanência na unidade de terapia intensiva como fraqueza muscular, úlceras de pressão, sepse nosocomial bacteriana, candidemia, embolia pulmonar, e delirium hiperativo; estas se associaram com um risco significantemente maior de ventilação mecânica prolongada. Os pacientes de ventilação mecânica prolongada tiveram um aumento significante da mortalidade na unidade de terapia intensiva (diferença absoluta = 14,2%; p < 0,001) e da mortalidade hospitalar (diferença absoluta = 19,1%; p < 0,001). O grupo com ventilação mecânica prolongada permaneceu mais dias no hospital após receber alta ...


Objective: The number of patients who require prolonged mechanical ventilation increased during the last decade, which generated a large population of chronically ill patients. This study established the incidence of prolonged mechanical ventilation in four intensive care units and reported different characteristics, hospital outcomes, and the impact of costs and services of prolonged mechanical ventilation patients (mechanical ventilation dependency ≥ 21 days) compared with non-prolonged mechanical ventilation patients (mechanical ventilation dependency < 21 days). Methods: This study was a multicenter cohort study of all patients who were admitted to four intensive care units. The main outcome measures were length of stay in the intensive care unit, hospital, complications during intensive care unit stay, and intensive care unit and hospital mortality. Results: There were 5,287 admissions to the intensive care units during study period. Some of these patients (41.5%) needed ventilatory support (n = 2,197), and 218 of the patients met criteria for prolonged mechanical ventilation (9.9%). Some complications developed during intensive care unit stay, such as muscle weakness, pressure ulcers, bacterial nosocomial sepsis, candidemia, pulmonary embolism, and hyperactive delirium, were associated with a significantly higher risk of prolonged mechanical ventilation. Prolonged mechanical ventilation patients had a significant increase in intensive care unit mortality (absolute difference = 14.2%, p < 0.001) and hospital mortality (absolute difference = 19.1%, p < 0.001). The prolonged mechanical ventilation group spent more days in the hospital after intensive care unit discharge (26.9 ± 29.3 versus 10.3 ± 20.4 days, p < 0.001) with higher costs. Conclusion: The classification of chronically critically ill patients according to the definition of prolonged mechanical ventilation adopted by our study (mechanical ventilation ...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Critical Illness/therapy , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data , Respiration, Artificial/economics , Respiration, Artificial/statistics & numerical data , Time Factors , Incidence , Retrospective Studies , Cohort Studies , Hospital Mortality , Length of Stay , Middle Aged
4.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 25(4): 306-311, Oct-Dec/2013. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-701410

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Comparar os escores resultantes da escala Comfort-B com o índice biespectral, em crianças de uma unidade de terapia intensiva. Métodos: Onze crianças com idades entre 1 mês e 16 anos, submetidas a ventilação mecânica e sedação, foram classificadas pelo índice biespectral e pela escala Comfort-B, simultaneamente. Foi obtido registro de seus comportamentos por filmagem digital; posteriormente tal registro foi avaliado por três observadores independentes e foram aplicados testes de concordância (Bland-Altman e Kappa). Foi testada a correlação entre os dois métodos (correlação de Pearson). Resultados: Foram realizadas 35 observações em 11 pacientes. A concordância entre os avaliadores, segundo o coeficiente de Kappa, variou de 0,56 a 0,75 (p<0,001). Houve associação positiva e regular entre índice biespectral e Comfort-B, com r=0,424 (p=0,011) até r=0,498 (p=0,002). Conclusão: Devido à alta concordância entre os avaliadores independentes e a correlação regular entre os dois métodos, conclui-se que a escala Comfort-B é reprodutível e útil na classificação do nível de sedação de crianças em ventilação mecânica. .


Objective: Compare the scores resulting from the Comfort-B scale with the bispectral index in children in an intensive care unit. Methods: Eleven children between the ages of 1 month and 16 years requiring mechanical ventilation and sedation were simultaneously classified based on the bispectral index and the Comfort-B scale. Their behavior was recorded using digital photography, and the record was later evaluated by three independent evaluators. Agreement tests (Bland-Altman and Kappa) were then performed. The correlation between the two methods (Pearson correlation) was tested. Results: In total, 35 observations were performed on 11 patients. Based on the Kappa coefficient, the agreement among evaluators ranged from 0.56 to 0.75 (p<0.001). There was a positive and consistent association between the bispectral index and the Comfort-B scale [r=0.424 (p=0.011) to r=0.498 (p=0.002)]. Conclusion: Due to the strong correlation between the independent evaluators and the consistent correlation between the two methods, the results suggest that the Comfort-B scale is reproducible and useful in classifying the level of sedation in children requiring mechanical ventilation. .


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Conscious Sedation/classification , Hypnotics and Sedatives/administration & dosage , Respiration, Artificial , Consciousness Monitors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Photography , Reproducibility of Results
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