Las herramientas predictivas de riesgo, una alternativa diagnóstica en la retención de caninos maxilares

Se describen, en la literatura médica, predictores radiográficos que constituyen herramientas diagnósticas útiles para la retención de los caninos maxilares. Sin embargo, en la especialidad de ortodoncia las investigaciones sobre las herramientas predictivas de riesgo son escasas. Por ello se decide realizar una revisión bibliográfica con el objetivo de recopilar información acerca de la utilidad de las herramientas predictivas de riesgo en el diagnóstico de la retención de los caninos maxilares. Se realizó una búsqueda de información de artículos en idioma español e inglés, utilizándose las bases de datos SciELO, PubMed, Cochrane y Scopus. Para lograr un tratamiento óptimo de la anomalía debe priorizarse un buen diagnóstico, basado en métodos clínicos y radiográficos, pero se hace notoria la ausencia de herramientas que identifiquen individuos con alto riesgo en la comunidad. Los modelos o escalas de riesgo pueden ser útiles en este aspecto, para detectar precozmente el trastorno eruptivo y priorizar así intervenciones preventivas, que eviten el uso excesivo de medios auxiliares de diagnóstico y la sobrecarga de los sistemas de salud. Las herramientas predictivas de riesgo constituyen una alternativa para la clasificación adecuada de la población con alto riesgo de retención de caninos maxilares. Un instrumento de tal magnitud es de gran utilidad tanto en los servicios de Estomatología General como en los de Ortodoncia.

Radiographic predictors that are useful diagnostic tools for the retention of maxillary canines are described in the literature. However, in the specialty of orthodontics, research on risk predictive tools is scarce. Therefore, it was decided to carry out a bibliographic review with the objective of collecting information about the usefulness of risk predictive tools in the diagnosis of retention of maxillary canines. A search for information on articles in Spanish and English was carried out, using the SciELO, PubMed, Cochrane and Scopus databases. To achieve optimal treatment of the anomaly, a good diagnosis should be prioritized, based on clinical and radiographic methods, but the absence of tools that identify individuals at high risk in the community is notorious. Models or risk scales can be useful in this aspect, to detect the eruptive disorder early and thus prioritize preventive interventions that avoid the excessive use of diagnostic aids and the overload of health systems. Predictive risk tools are an alternative for the adequate classification of the population with high risk of retention of maxillary canines. An instrument of this magnitude is very useful both in General Dentistry and Orthodontics services.

Validación de propuesta de escala predictiva de complicaciones cardiacas en el infarto agudo de miocardio

Introducción: La escala de riesgo diseñada para estimar la probabilidad de complicaciones cardiacas con enfoque clínico y ecocardiográfico, debe ser validada antes de su implementación en la práctica clínica. Objetivo: Validar una escala predictiva de complicaciones cardiacas en infarto agudo de miocardio con enfoque clínico-ecocardiográfico. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico, observacional de casos y controles, de 1303 pacientes ingresados en el Centro de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular, de Santiago de Cuba, en el período 2019-2021, para lo cual fueron seleccionadas dos muestras: una de construcción del modelo (n = 800), y otra de validación de la escala, de enero a junio de 2022 (n = 198). Se determinaron los posibles predictores a través del análisis univariado y el cálculo de Odds ratio, con un nivel de significación de p ≤ 0,05. Asimismo, se elaboró un modelo de regresión logística binaria multivariada y se obtuvo la escala de riesgo, que fue validada por diferentes métodos. Resultados: La escala se obtuvo con 10 predictores y 2 estratos de riesgo. Esta alcanzó buena discriminación (80 %) y buen nivel de ajuste y validez de constructo (p = 0,70). Igualmente, aseguró una predicción correcta de más del 50 % de las complicaciones cardiacas, valores de sensibilidad y especificidad aceptables (92,03 % y 91,63 %, respectivamente), así como validez de contenido, validez interna y confiabilidad adecuadas. Conclusiones: La escala de riesgo para estratificar el riesgo de complicaciones cardiacas incluye predictores de gravedad de la enfermedad isquémica coronaria, con buenos parámetros de validación para ser usada en la toma de decisiones para prevenir.

Introduction: The risk scale designed to estimate the probability of cardiac complications with a clinical and echocardiographic approach must be validated before its implementation in clinical practice. Objective: To validate a predictive scale of cardiac complications in acute myocardial infarction with a clinical-echocardiographic approach. Materials and methods: An analytical, observational, case-control study was carried out on 1,303 patients admitted to the Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery center of Santiago de Cuba in the period 2019-2021, for which two samples were selected: one for model construction (n=800) and one for scale validation (n=198), from January to June 2022. Possible predictors were determined through univariate analysis and calculation of the odds ratio, with a significance level of p≤0.05; likewise, a multivariate binary logistic regression model was developed and the risk scale was obtained, which was validated by different methods. Results: The scale was obtained with 10 predictors and 2 risk strata. It achieved good discrimination (80%), and a good level of fit and construct validity (p=0.70). Likewise, it ensured a correct prediction of more than 50% of cardiac complications, acceptable sensitivity and specificity values (92.03% and 91.63%, respectively), as well as adequate content validity, internal validity and reliability. Conclusions: The risk scale to stratify the risk of cardiac complications includes predictors of severity of coronary ischemic disease, with good validation parameters to be used in decision-making to prevent.

Diseño y validación de una escala de riesgo de parto pretérmino con enfoque periodontal / Design and validation of a preterm birth risk scale with a periodontal approach i: en

Introducción: La escala de riesgo diseñada para estimar la probabilidad de parto pretérmino con enfoque periodontal debe ser validada antes de su implementación en la práctica clínica. Objetivo: Diseñar y validar una escala de riesgo de parto pretérmino con enfoque periodontal. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico, de casos y controles, de 1152 puérperas ingresadas en los hospitales maternos de la provincia de Santiago de Cuba en el período 2011-2022, para lo cual fueron seleccionadas 2 muestras: una de construcción del modelo (n=750) y otra de validación de la escala (n=402). Se determinaron los posibles predictores a través del análisis univariado y el cálculo del odds ratio, con un nivel de significación de p≤0,05; asimismo, se elaboró un modelo de regresión logística binaria multivariada y se obtuvo la escala de riesgo que fue validada por diferentes métodos. Resultados: La escala se obtuvo con 7 predictores y 2 estratos de riesgo. Esta alcanzó buena discriminación (80 %), así como buen nivel de ajuste y validez de constructo (p=0,72). Igualmente, aseguró una predicción correcta de más de 50 % de los partos pretérmino, valores de sensibilidad y especificidad aceptables (79,20 y 70,20 %, respectivamente), así como validez de contenido, validez interna y confiabilidad adecuadas. Conclusiones: La escala de riesgo para estratificar el riesgo de parto pretérmino incluye predictores de gravedad de la enfermedad periodontal, con buenos parámetros de validación para ser usada en la toma de decisiones para prevenir este tipo de parto.

Introduction: The risk scale designed to estimate the probability of preterm birth with periodontal approach should be validated before its implementation in the clinical practice. Objective: To design and validate a risk scale of preterm birth with periodontal approach. Methods: A cases and controls analytic study of 1152 newly-delivered women admitted to maternal hospitals in Santiago de Cuba province was carried out in the period 2011 - 2022, and 2 samples were selected: one of pattern construction (n=750) and another of scale validation(n=402). The possible predictors were determined through the single varied analysis and odds ratio calculation, with a significance level of p≤0.05; also, a multivariate binary logistical regression model was elaborated and the risk scale was obtained, which was validated by different methods. Results: The scale was obtained with 7 predictors and 2 risk stratum. It reached a good discrimination (80%), as well as a good adjustment level and construction validity (p=0.72). Likewise, it assured a correct prediction of more than 50% of preterm births, acceptable sensibility and specificity values (79.20 and 70.20%, respectively), as well as adequate content validity, internal validity and reliability. Conclusions: The risk scale to stratify the risk of preterm birth includes predictors of periodontal disease severity, with good validation parameters to be used in the decisions making to prevent this type of childbirth.

Predictive value of Essen stroke risk scale scores in stenosis of patients with anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To investigate the predictive value of Essen stroke risk scale (ESRS) scores in stenosis of patients with anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke.Methods A total of 98 patients with atherosclerotic stroke in anterior circulation,admitted to our hospital from June 2011 to June 2013,were selected and performed head+neck CTA inspection cycle and ESRS.According to the ESRS scores,the patients were divided into low risk group (n=35),high risk group (n=44) and extremely high risk group (n=19).The relationship between the cerebrovascular morphology characteristics and ESRS scores were analyzed,and the predictive value of ESRS scores in stenosis was analyzed.Results (1) The distributions of these stenosis (the intracranial segment,the extracranial segment and combined intracranial and extracranial segments) were not significantly different among the three groups (P＞0.05).(2) Following the increase of ESRS scores,the degrees of luminal stenosis showed an increased trend in both circulation symptom side and non-symptom side (x2=9.784,P=0.002;xx2=9.215,P=0.002).(3) When the ESRS scores were higher than or equal to 3 points,the sensitivity of predicting mild stenosis was 63.6％,specificity 53.4％,with area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.595 (P=0.182,95％CI:0.445-0.764);the sensitivity of predicting moderate stenosis,severe stenosis and occlusion was 60.3％,specificity 66.7％,with AUC of 0.679 (P=0.005,95％CI:0.553-0.805).Conclusions ESRS scores can predict the severity of the stenosis in patients with atherosclerotic cerebral stroke of anterior circulation.The patients having ESRS ≥ 3 scores should accept cerebrovascular examination to provide a certain basis for early and effective stratified intervention.

Conflito intergeracional na família: relato de um projeto terapêutico singular / Intergenerational conflicts to a family: a case reporting of a singular therapeutic project

Introdução: o Projeto Terapêutico Singular (PTS) é uma abordagem integral à família, que propõe intervenções biopsicossociais, priorizando ações que atenuem os agravos potencializados pelos conflitos intergeracionais. Objetivos: descrever a aplicação de um PTS a uma família com conflitos intergeracionais e morbidades para o estabelecimento de ações depromoção em saúde. Métodos: o trabalho é descritivo, modalidade de relato de caso. O PTS constituiu-se de visita familiar, formulação de hipóteses para intervenção, definição de metas, discussão das metas entre equipe e família e a reavaliação das intervenções planejadas. Nas visitas foi aplicado roteiro semiestruturado contendo o histórico, papeis e relacionamento familiar, agravos, saúde, condições de moradia e higiene, convívio social.Os dados foram compilados nos instrumentos: genograma, ecomapa,escala de risco e diagnóstico multiaxial. Após a concordância da família quanto à divulgação dos dados, os genitores assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE). Foi preservado o sigilo dos indivíduos e dos dados coletados. Resultados: por meio da escuta empática e construção de vinculo, a equipe e a família planejaram ações de promoção da saúde e de tratamento de doenças, com enfoque nos agravos: pré-natal de adolescentegravida, planejamento familiar, segmento e adesão ao tratamento dedoenças como hipertensão, hanseníase e erisipela que acometiam indivíduosda família, problemas relacionados ao tabagismo e etilismo; evasão escolar, atualização de vacinas e conflitos intergeracionais. Conclusão: a compreensão do contexto familiar possibilitou o entendimento e a resolução conjuntos do processo saúde-doença e dos agravos potencializados pelo conflito intergeracional.

Introduction: Singular Therapeutic Project (STP) is an integral approachto a family which proposes biopsychosocial interventions andprioritizes actions that mitigate injuries enhanced by intergenerationalconflicts. Objective: describe the application of a STP to a family and its intergenerational conflicts and morbidities to establish health promotionactions. Methods: the article is descriptive in a case reporting format. A STP is consisted of family visits, hypotheses for intervention, goal setting and discussion of goals between family and team and review of planned actions.During visits a semi-structured script with historic, documents, family relationship, injuries, health, living conditions and social interactionhas been applied. Data were compiled in genogram and ecomap, risk scale and multiaxial diagnosis. The family read the document Informed Consent Form (ICF), signed it and agreed whit the publicationof data. Individuals and data’s confidentiality have been preserved.Results: through empathic listening, team and family planned togetherhealth promotion actions and diseases treatment, focusing on the injuries:a pregnant teenager’s prenatal; family planning; adherence to treatmentof diseases such as hypertension, leprosy and erysipelas, whichhave affected members of the family; and problems related to smokingand alcoholism, high school escape, update immunization and intergenerationconflicts. Conclusion: the comprehension of family context enabled understandingand resolution of health-disease process and injuries potentiated by intergenerational conflicts.

Cirugía de revascularización miocárdica en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo: análisis de resultados / Coronary artery bypass graft surgery in patients with acute coronary syndrome: analysis of results

Objetivo: identificar los principales factores de riesgo que influyen en el pronóstico, resultados, tipo y tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad de los pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo sometidos a cirugía de revascularización miocárdica. Material y métodos: se trató de un estudio retrospectivo de pacientes sometidos a cirugía por síndrome coronario agudo de enero de 2000 a diciembre de 2003. Se identificaron factores demográficos, indicación de cirugía, enfermedades intercurrentes, resultados de la intervención, morbilidad y mortalidad, y se compararon con escalas internacionales. Resultados: fueron 73 varones y 23 mujeres, la edad osciló entre 46 y 88 años. Predominó la angina inestable (42.7 %). Dos pacientes fueron operados por angioplastia coronaria percutánea fallida y 28 por complicaciones mecánicas del infarto del miocardio. La cirugía fue realizada como urgencia en 90.6 %. La mayoría de los pacientes estuvieron en clasificación Killip-Kimball y Forrester I y II. Los factores de riesgo detectados fueron falla del ventrículo izquierdo, complicaciones mecánicas, cirugía de emergencia, diabetes y falla respiratoria o renal. La mortalidad perioperatoria fue de 14.5 % y la morbilidad de 41.6 %, que comparadas con la clasificación de riesgo de nuestros pacientes fueron más bajas que las esperadas, según las escalas de Parsonnet y Tuman. Conclusiones: aunque el mayor número de factores de riesgo y valores más altos en las escalas de riesgo empeoran en forma importante el pronóstico, en nuestro centro los resultados obtenidos con el tratamiento quirúrgico en síndrome coronario agudo muestran resultados favorables.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this work was to determine the main risk factors that influence prognosis, results, morbidity and mortality rates and causes in patients with acute coronary syndrome requiring surgical myocardial revascularization. METHODS: This was a retrospective study including patients in our hospital with acute coronary syndrome requiring coronary artery bypass-graft surgery between January 2000 and December 2003. The following were identified and compared with international values: demographic factors, indications for surgery, intercurrent pathologies, results of the procedures, morbidity and mortality rates and causes. RESULTS: There were 73 males and 23 females with an age range of 46 to 88 years old. The main cause of surgery was unstable angina (42.7%). In two patients, surgery was indicated for percutaneous coronary angioplasty failure and in 28 patients due to mechanical complications of acute myocardial infarction. The procedure was urgent in 90.6%. The majority of patients were in Killip-Kimball or Forrester class I or II. Risk factors detected were left ventricular failure, mechanical complications, emergency surgery, diabetes and respiratory or renal failure. Perioperative mortality was 14.5% and morbidity was 41.6%, both compared with risk classification scales and were lower than expected according to Parsonet and Tuman evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: With a major number of risk factors and the high-risk associated with surgery, in our center surgical treatment for acute coronary syndromes showed favorable results.