Masa grasa corporal en escolares y adolescentes en la zona de la Tamborada Cochabamba, Bolivia / Mass body fat in schoolchildren and adolescents in the area of the Tamborada Cochabamba, Bolivia

Objetivo: determinar la proporción de masa grasa corporal cuantificada con pliegues subcutáneos en escolares y adolescentes de la zona de Tamborada de Cochabamba. Metodos: estudio descriptivo y transversal. Se evaluaron a 158 escolares y adolescentes de ambos sexos entre 7 a 17 años de edad, que asisten a guarderías y centros de apoyo escolar dependientes del Centro de Desarrollo Integral (CDI). Se evaluó el IMC según edad y sexo. Para el estudio de la distribución grasa corporal, se midieron los cuatro pliegues cutáneos, pliegue tricipital, bicipital, subescapular y suprailíaco, a partir de las ecuaciones de regresión múltiple de Brook y Siri, se obtuvo la densidad y con ello el volumen total de grasa corporal de cada sujeto. Resultados: para el indicador antropométrico IMC no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas para la variable sexo (p = 0,165). la masa grasa corporal en porcentaje (%); en el género masculino se puede observar que ésta aumenta progresivamente hasta los 12 años y posteriormente disminuye también progresivamente. En el caso de las mujeres desde el inicio se evidencia un ascenso hasta los 13 años, para luego descender en el porcentaje de masa grasa corporal. la asociación entre los valores del porcentaje de grasa corporal y las cifras del índice de masa corporal, hay una correlación muy alta entre ambas variables (r = 0,861; p < 0,001). Discusión y Conclusión: estos datos indican que el índice de masa corporal se incrementa entre los sujetos y las cifras de porcentaje de grasa mostraron un incremento en modo paralelo.

Objective: to determine the proportion of body fat mass quantified with subcutaneous folds in school children and adolescents in the area of "La Tamborada", Cochabamba. Methods: it is a descriptive and transversal study. A total of 158 schoolchildren and adolescents from both sexes and between 7 and 17 years of age that attend day care centers and school support centers under the Integral Development Center (CDI) were evaluated. BMI was assessed by age and sex. For the study of the body fat distribution, the four skinfolds, triceps, bicipital, subscapular and suprailiac fold were measured from Brook's and Siri multiple regression equations, the density was obtained and thus the total volume of Body fat of each subject. Results: for the anthropometric indicator BMI no statistically significant differences were found for the gender variable (p = 0.165). Body fat mass in percentage (%); in the masculine gender it is possible to be observed that this increases progressively until the 12 years and later also diminishes progressively. In the case of women from the beginning, an ascent up to the age of 13 is evident, in order to decrease the percentage of body fat. The association between body fat percentage values and body mass index values, there is a very high correlation between both variables (r = 0.861, p <0.001). Discussion and Conclusion: these data indicate that body mass index is increased between subjects and fat percentage figures showed an increase in parallel mode.

Reference curves of the body fat index in adolescents and their association with anthropometric variables / Curvas de referência do índice de adiposidade corporal de adolescentes e sua relação com variáveis antropométricas

OBJECTIVES: To develop reference curves for the body fat index (BFI) in the pediatric population, in adolescents from the city of São Paulo, Brazil, and verify their association with body mass index and body fat percentage. METHODS: The study is part of the research project "Nutritional Profile of Adolescents from Public and Private Schools of São Paulo" that was performed in 2004-2005. A total of 4,686 adolescents (2,130 boys and 2,556 girls) aged 10-15 years were divided into two groups: 10-12 and 13-15 years of age. Body mass, height, body mass index, hip circumference, body fat percentage, body fat index, and sexual maturation performed by the self-assessment method (prepubertal, pubertal, and postpubertal) were analyzed. ANOVA was performed, as well as percentile distribution, Pearson's correlation, and Bland-Altman plot. RESULTS: In boys, there was an increase in body mass, height, body mass index, and hip circumference with advancing age and Tanner stage. In girls, there was an increase in body fat index and body fat percentage with advancing age and stage of sexual maturation. An association was found between body fat index and body mass index (r = 0.67 in boys and 0.80 in girls, p < 0.001) and body fat percentage (r = 0.71 in boys and 0.68 in girls, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The body fat index seems to reflect well the phenomena of sexual dimorphism in adolescence, is easy to perform, and represents a method that should be used in population samples. .

OBJETIVOS: Desenvolver curvas de referência do índice de adiposidade corporal para população pediátrica, em adolescentes da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil, e verificar a sua relação com o índice de massa corporal e percentual de gordura corporal. MÉTODOS: O estudo faz parte do projeto de pesquisa "Perfil Nutricional de Adolescentes de escolas Públicas e Privadas de São Paulo" realizado em 2004/2005. 4.686 adolescentes (2.130 meninos e 2.556 meninas) de 10-15 anos foram divididos em dois grupos: 10-12 e 13-15 anos. Massa corporal, estatura, índice de massa corporal, circunferência de quadril, porcentagem de gordura corporal, índice de adiposidade corporal e maturação sexual realizada pelo método de autoavaliação (pré-púbere, púbere e pós-púbere) foram analisadas. Foi feito ANOVA, distribuição percentilar, correlação de Pearson e o gráfico de Bland-Altman. RESULTADOS: Nos meninos, ocorreu aumento da massa corporal, estatura, índice de massa corporal e circunferência do quadril com o avanço da idade e estágio de Tanner. Nas meninas, ocorreu aumento do índice de adiposidade corporal e do percentual de gordura corporal com o avanço da idade e estágio de maturação. Foi encontrada uma associação entre o índice de adiposidade corporal com o índice de massa corporal (r = 0,67 nos meninos e 0,80 nas meninas; p < 0,001) e com o percentual de gordura (r = 0,71 nos meninos e 0,68 nas meninas; p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: O índice de adiposidade corporal parece refletir bem os fenômenos do dismorfismo sexual na adolescência, sendo um método de fácil realização que deveria ser mais utilizado em amostras populacionais. .

Gordura corporal de pacientes em hemodiálise / Body fat of hemodialysis patients

Objetivo. Avaliar a gordura corpórea de pacientes em hemodiálise por bioimpedância elétrica e dobras cutâneas, a correlação entre os dois métodos e destes com o índice de massa corpórea. Métodos. Estudo transversal com 38 pacientes adultos em hemodiálise no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Calculou-se o índice de massa corpórea: peso (kg)/altura (m2). Utilizaram-se bioimpedância elétrica e dobras cutâneas - triciptal, biciptal, subescapular e suprailíaca - para estimar a gordura corporal. Utilizaram-se estatística descritiva, coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e teste t de Student, sendo consideradas significativas diferenças no nível de p < 0,05. Resultados. A média do índice de massa corpórea indicou eutrofia nos dois sexos. As mulheres apresentaram percentual de gordura de 35,4% pelas dobras cutâneas e 39,3% pela bioimpedância elétrica. Nos homens, o percentual de gordura pelas dobras cutâneas foi 23,1% e 26,8% pela análise de bioimpedância elétrica. A média da gordura estimada por bioimpedância elétrica e dobras cutâneas não apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante nos dois sexos, todos p > 0,05. A gordura corporal apresentou correlação positiva entre a bioimpedância elétrica e as dobras cutâneas com r = 0,81 nos homens e r = 0,96 nas mulheres. Verificou-se forte correlação entre o índice de massa corpórea e os dois métodos em ambos os sexos. Conclusão. As mulheres apresentaram excesso de gordura corporal pelos dois métodos. Apesar de os homens terem percentual de gordura ligeiramente elevado apenas pela bioimpedância elétrica, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os métodos. A forte correlação entre os métodos, e destes com o índice de massa corpórea, sugere que ambos são úteis e confiáveis para a avaliação da gordura corporal e acompanhamento nutricional de pacientes em hemodiálise.

Objective. To evaluate the body fat of hemodialysis patients by electrical bioimpedance and skin folds, the correlation between the two methods and those with body mass index.Methods. Cross-sectional study with 38 adult patients on hemodialysis in the Hospital of the Federal University ofGoiás. The body mass index was calculated: weight (kg)/height (m2); electrical bioimpedance and skin folds (triciptal, biciptal, subscapular and suprailiac) were used to estimate the body fat. We used descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient (r) and Student t test, considering significant differences in the level of p < 0.05.Results. The mean body mass index for both sexes indicated normal range. Women had 35.4% fat by skin foldsand 39.3% by electrical bioimpedance. Men presented 23.1% of fat by skin folds and 26.8% by electrical bioimpedance. The average fat estimated by electrical bioimpedance and skin folds was not statistically significant among both sexes, p > 0.05. The body fat showed a positive correlation between electrical bioimpedance and skin folds, withr = 0.81 in men and r = 0.96 in women. There was strong correlation between body mass index and the two methodsamong both sexes. Conclusion. Women showed an excess of body fat by the two methods. Although men show slightly higher percentage of fat just by electrical bioimpedance, there was no statistically significant difference between the methods. The strong correlation between the methods, and those with body mass index, suggest that both are useful and reliablefor the assessment of body fat and nutritional monitoring of hemodialysis patients.

Determinants of systolic blood pressure in Indonesian elderly men: In factor analysis perspective (A study in four Indonesian big cities).

The objective of this study was to assess the determinants of systolic blood pressure in elderly men. A cross sectional study was undertaken in 4 big cities in Indonesia using multistage random sampling. The respondents were 320 elderly men who were the sub-sample of 981 sample of a larger population study. Data were collected through anthropometric measurements, biochemical blood analysis, nutrient intake assessment, activity index and stress score. Two type of statistical analysis techniques were used to determine the determinants of systolic blood pressure in elderly men; multiple regression analysis and factor analysis. This study shows that determinants of systolic blood pressure, analyzed with these two types of analysis, multiple regression and factor analysis, resulting in no contradictory result. Direct multiple regression analysis to all independent variables showed that there was correlation between systolic blood pressure with fat mass, and LDL cholesterol. Multiple regression analysis to components resulting from factor analysis showed that there was positive correlation between systolic blood pressure with fat mass, body mass index (BMI), sum of skin-folds and waist circumference.

Mediciones antropométricas en el neonato / Anthropometric assessment in newborns

La vigilancia del crecimiento en el neonato, a través de la evaluación antropométrica, reviste gran importancia en términos de detección de riesgos de morbi-mortalidad y deterioro del estado nutricio, permitiendo la toma de decisiones oportunas y convenientes. Para que el control de calidad en la evaluación antropométrica esté garantizado, se requiere conocer las técnicas de mediciones correctas, estar estandarizado y comparar con valores de referencia de una población similar. Las mediciones antropométricas más utilizadas en el neonato hospitalizado incluyen: peso corporal (masa corporal total), longitud (tamaño corporal y óseo), medición de circunferencias (brazo, tórax, muslo) y pliegues cutáneos (grasa subcutánea). Además, al combinar algunas mediciones, se pueden generar índices pronósticos nutricios y de utilidad diagnóstica. La antropometría debe ser un método de rutina en las unidades de cuidado neonatal como parte de una evaluación nutricia completa.

Anthropometric assessment in newborns is a very useful tool to assess growth and identify nutritional risk, in order to design and implement an adequate nutrition care plan. Anthropometry helps estimate total body mass, fat mass and fat free mass through measures of the body.The most useful anthropometric measurements in the hospitalized newborn include: weight (total body mass), length (body and bone size), circumferences (head, mid arm, thorax, and thigh) and skin folds (subcutaneous fat). To assure quality in anthropometric measurements it is essential to know the correct technique, to be standardized and use reference values from a similar population. The combination of 2 different measurements may provide useful prognostic and diagnostic nutritional indexes. Anthropometry should be including in any neonatal unit as part of a complete nutritional assessment of this population.