Changes and predictors of adolescent emotion regulation, self-esteem, and locus of control during the COVID-19 pandemic: 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort

Objectives: There is growing interest in examining the impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on adolescent socioemotional development. This study aimed to examine changes in adolescent emotion regulation (ER), self-esteem (SE), and locus of control (LoC) from before to during the pandemic in a Brazilian birth cohort, and to investigate the variables associated with changes in those socioemotional competences. Methods: 1,949 adolescents from the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort were assessed before (T1, November 2019 to March 2020) and during (T2, August to December 2021) the COVID-19 pandemic (mean ages [SD] = 15.69 [0.19] and 17.41 [0.26], respectively). Adolescents' socioemotional competences were assessed, including ER, SE, and LoC. Sociodemographic, pre-pandemic, and pandemic-related correlates were examined as predictors of change. Multivariate latent change score models were used in the analyses. Results: There were significant mean increases in adolescents' ER and SE (mean ER = 1.918, p < 0.001; mean SE = 1.561, p = 0.001) and a significant mean decrease (towards internalization) in LoC levels (MLoC = -0.497, p < 0.01) during the pandemic. Factors that predicted a lower competency increase included family conflicts, harsh parenting, and maternal depressive symptoms during the pandemic. Conclusion: Despite the stress imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adolescents of this cohort showed positive development in their socioemotional competences. Family-related factors emerged as important predictors of adolescent socioemotional adjustment during the study period.

Competências socioemocionais e desempenho contextual de docentes do ensino fundamental / Socioemotional competences and contextual performance of elementary school teachers / Competencias socioemocionales y desempeño contextual de los maestros de escuela primaria

O objetivo deste estudo foi testar o poder preditivo das competências socioemocionais (CSE) nas seguintes facetas do desempenho contextual de professores do ensino fundamental: o clima para criatividade em sala de aula e a relação professor-aluno. Participaram deste estudo 90 professores da rede pública municipal de uma capital do nordeste brasileiro que lecionavam do 4º ao 9º ano do ensino fundamental. O estudo também contou com a participação de três alunos de cada professor. Os professores responderam sobre suas CSE e sua relação com os alunos que, por sua vez, responderam sobre o clima para criatividade em sala de aula. Foram realizadas análises de regressão linear simples. Os resultados indicaram que as CSE são preditoras da relação professor-aluno. Conclui-se que as CSE facilitam a criação de interações pessoais positivas e favoráveis à manifestação afetiva em sala de aula, ao passo que não são suficientes para explicar o clima para criatividade

The purpose of this study was to test the predictive power of socioemotional competences (SEC) in the following contextual performance facets of elementary school teacher: the classroom climate for creativity and teacher-student relationship. Ninety public school teachers from a capital city in the northeast of Brazil participated in this study, who taught from the 4th to the 9th grade of elementary school. The study also included the participation of three students from each teacher. Teachers answered about their SECs and their relationship with students who, in turn, answered about the classroom climate for creativity. Simple linear regression analyzes were performed. The results indicated that SECs are only predictors of the teacher-student relationship. It is concluded that SECs promotes the creation of positive personal interactions, favorable to affective expression in the classroom, while they are not sufficient to explain the classroom climate for creativity

El proposito de este estudio fue investigar el poder predictivo de las competencias socioemocionales (CSE) en las siguientes facetas del desempeño contextual de los docentes de escuela primaria: clima para la creatividad en aula y relación profesor-alumno. En este estudio participaron noventa maestros de escuelas públicas de una capital del noreste brasileño, que enseñam clases desde el 4º al 9º grado de la escuela primaria. El estudio también contó con la participación de tres alumnos de cada docente. Los maestros respondieron sobre sus CSE y su relación con los alumnos, quienes respondieron sobre el clima para la creatividad en el aula. Se realizaron análisis de regresión lineal simple que indicaron que las CSE son predictoras de la relación profesor-alumno. Se concluye que las CSE favorecen la creación de interacciones personales positivas favorables a la manifestación afectiva en el aula, mientras que no son suficientes para explicar el clima para la creatividad

Estructura conceptual de la competencia afrontamiento en estudiantes de Licenciatura en Enfermería / Conceptual structure of coping skills in Bachelor of Nursing's students

RESUMEN Las características de los contextos asistenciales y la praxis de los profesionales de la Enfermería justifican la educación emocional. Sin embargo, en Cuba, la formación de estos profesionales enfatiza la adquisicion de habilidades y destrezas con escasa referencia a la formación de competencias socioemocionales. Estas competencias se dividen en cinco grupos que contienen otras de menor generalidad. Incluido en la regulación emocional se encuentra el afrontamiento, considerado paso inicial para la autoconfianza, el manejo de la incertidumbre, la adaptación a los cambios y la resiliencia. El presente trabajo describe conceptualmente la competencia afrontamiento, con el propósito de contribuir a su mayor comprensión e incentivar su formación en el contexto de la educación médica superior. Se proponen tres ejes procesuales, sus indicadores en términos de desempeños deseables y las evidencias requeridas.

ABSTRACT The characteristics of the healthcare contexts and the praxis of the Nursing professionals justify emotional education. However, in Cuba, the training of these professionals emphasizes the acquisition of skills and abilities with little reference to formation of socio-emotional competencies. These competencies are divided into five groups that contain others of lesser generality. Included in emotional regulation is coping, considered an initial step for self-confidence, managing the uncertainty, adaptation to changes and resilience. The work describes conceptually the competence coping, with the purpose of contributing to their greater understanding and encourage their training in the context of medical higher education. Three procedural axes are proposed, their indicators in terms of desirable performance and required evidence.

Percepciones de un equipo de cuidados paliativos pediátricos acerca del clown de hospital / Pediatric palliative care team perceptions' about hospital clowns / Percepções de uma equipe de cuidados paliativos pediátricos sobre o clown de hospital

Resumen La presente es una síntesis de resultados de una investigación mayor, cuyo objetivo principal fue conocer las perspectivas de familias y equipo de salud respecto de la presencia de clowns de hospital trabajando en cuidados paliativos pediátricos en una unidad en Chile. Guiado por un paradigma interpretativo, estrictos criterios de calidad y éticos, la metodología utilizada fue de tipo cualitativo, aplicando las técnicas de recolección de datos de entrevistas en profundidad, análisis de documentos y grupos de discusión. La sección de datos sobre el equipo aquí presentados, se analizó a través de las técnicas análisis de contenido y análisis crítico del discurso. Los resultados indican que la figura del clown es percibida como un mediador y valorada como terapia complementaria, especialmente por las competencias socioemocionales de esos profesionales y el juego que se utiliza como herramienta de intervención. Las conclusiones señalan que las competencias socioemocionales que promueve el clown de hospital son fundamentales para el trabajo en cuidados paliativos.

Abstract This is a synthesis of results of a major research which main objective was to know the perspectives of families and the health team regarding the presence of hospital clowns working in pediatric palliative care in a unit in Chile. Guided by an interpretivist paradigm, strict quality and ethical criteria, the methodology used was qualitative, applying in-depth interviews, document analysis and discussion groups as data collection techniques. The data section presented here about the health team was analyzed through content analysis and critical discourse analysis techniques. The results indicate that the figure of the clown is perceived as a mediator, valued as complementary therapy, especially due to the socio-emotional competences of these professionals and play used as an intervention tool. The conclusions indicate that the socio-emotional competences promoted by the hospital clown are fundamental to work in palliative care.

Resumo A presente é uma síntese de resultados de uma investigação maior, cujo objetivo principal foi conhecer as perspectivas de famílias e equipe de saúde a respeito da presença de clowns de hospital trabalhando em cuidados paliativos pediátricos em uma unidade no Chile. Guiado por um paradigma interpretativo, critérios estritos de qualidade e éticos, a metodologia utilizada foi de tipo qualitativo, aplicando as técnicas de coleta de dados de entrevistas em profundidade, análise de documentos e grupos de discussão. Os dados sobre a equipe aqui apresentados, foram analisados através das técnicas de análise de conteúdo e análise crítica do discurso. Os resultados indicam que a figura do clown é percebida como um mediador e valorizada como terapia complementar, especialmente pelas capacidades sócio-emocionais desses profissionais e o jogo que se utiliza como ferramenta de intervenção. As conclusões apontam que as capacidades sócio-emocionais que promovem o clown de hospital são fundamentais para o trabalho em cuidados paliativos.

Parenting practices and markers of mental health in adolescence / Prácticas parentales e indicadores de salud mental en adolescentes

Resumen Este trabajo buscó identificar el valor predictivo de las prácticas parentales percibidas por los hijos, tanto del padre como de la madre, sobre algunos indicadores de ajuste en los adolescentes, específicamente sobre aspectos positivos como la autoestima, la resiliencia y las competencias socioemocionales, también de aspectos negativos, como la ansiedad, la depresión y las conductas disruptivas. Se evaluaron 417 adolescentes mexicanos con la versión para los hijos de la Escala de Prácticas Parentales, el Inventario Bar-On de Cociente Emocional (EQ-i-YV, Escala de Resiliencia para Adolescentes, Escala de Autoestima, Escala de Ansiedad Manifiesta en Niños Revisada, Inventario de Depresión Infantil y Escala de Conducta Disocial. Los resultados indicaron que la variable de control psicológico es un importante predictor de la sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva, mientras que las prácticas parentales relativas a la comunicación y a la autonomía explicaban la presencia de mejores indicadores de ajuste; así mismo, se encontró un efecto protector del control conductual materno sobre la presencia de conductas disociales. Al final, se discuten los resultados a la luz de la problemática en el contexto.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to identify the predictive value of the parental practices of both parents, perceived by their children over some indicators of adjustment in adolescents. This was explored particularly on positive aspects such as self-esteem, resilience and social and emotional competences, and negative aspects such as anxiety, depression, and disruptive behaviors. Participants were 417 Mexican adolescents and were evaluated with the following measures: Parental Practices Scale, Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory-Youth Version (EQ-i-YV), Resilience Scale for Adolescents, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, Child Depression Inventory and Scale for Dissocial Conduct. Results indicated that the variable of psychological control was an important predictor of anxious and depressive symptomatology. On the other hand, parental practices related to communication and autonomy explained the presence of better indicators of adjustment. In the same way, a protective effect was found on maternal behavior control over the presence of disruptive behaviors. Finally, results are discussed to shed light on the problematic context.