ABSTRACT
Studies on reproduction in sea turtles are important due to its life cycle, migratory patterns, high juvenile mortality and environmental impacts. This study aimed to analyse histomorphometrically gonads of C. mydas from the coastline of the Espírito Santo State, Brazil. Ovaries and testicles were collected between 2014 and 2015 from stranded animals. The material was fixed in formalin 10%, assessed macroscopically and processed for histomorphometrical evaluation. Gonads from 34 individuals were evaluated, twenty-four females and ten males. Macroscopic sexual identification presented 100% accuracy confirmed by histology. Sexual dimorphism was observed in one individual, which was considered as adult (CCL=1.023 m). Microscopy of female gonads revealed predominant previtellogenic follicles; oocyte diameter ranged between 161µm and 750µm and a positive correlation between ovarian length, largest oocyte and CCL was found. In males, autolysis was verified in five individuals. Viable testicles revealed predominant spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes and Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules and, Leydig cells and fibroblasts in the stroma. There was a positive correlation between tubular diameter and CCL and testicle length and CCL. Maturation of stromal tissue and a positive correlation between tubular lumen and CCL were also observed. Gonad development is proportional to individual growth.(AU)
Estudos em reprodução de tartarugas marinhas são importantes devido ao ciclo de vida, ao padrão migratório, à alta mortalidade juvenil e aos impactos ambientais. Objetivou-se analisar histomorfometricamente gônadas de C. mydas no litoral do Espírito Santo. Foram coletados ovários e testículos dessa espécie, entre 2014 e 2015. O material foi fixado em formol a 10% e avaliado macroscopicamente. Em seguida, foi processado para avaliação histomorfométrica. Foram avaliadas gônadas de 34 indivíduos, 24 fêmeas e 10 machos. Verificaram-se 100% de acurácia na identificação sexual à macroscopia, confirmada pela histologia. Observou-se dimorfismo sexual em um macho, que foi considerado adulto (CCC=1,023m). A microscopia dos ovários revelou folículos pré-vitelogênicos, cujos ovócitos apresentaram diâmetro médio entre 161µm e 750µm. Houve correlação positiva entre comprimento ovariano e diâmetro do maior ovócito e CCC. Nos machos, verificou-se autólise em cinco indivíduos. Os testículos viáveis revelaram espermatogônias, espermatócitos primários e células de Sertoli nos túbulos seminíferos, além de células de Leydig e fibroblastos no estroma. Houve correlação positiva entre diâmetro tubular e CCC e comprimento testicular e CCC. Verificou-se maturação do tecido estromal e correlação positiva entre o diâmetro do lúmen tubular e o CCC. Verifica-se que o desenvolvimento das gônadas é proporcional ao crescimento dos indivíduos.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Testis/growth & development , Turtles/anatomy & histology , Gonads/abnormalities , HistologyABSTRACT
Objective To explore the expression profile of lncRNAs in the testis tissue of CRYBB2 gene knockout (KO) mice and its possible role in the testis development. Methods Testis tissues(n=3)from wild-type (WT) and CRYBB2 KO mice were subjected to lncRNA and mRNA microarray profiling. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed to group the differentially expressed lncRNAs into regulated gene pathways and functions. The correlation matrix method was used to establish a network of lncRNA and mRNA co-expression. Quantitative (q)RT-PCR was used to verify expression of some differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs. Results There were 140 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 477 differentially expressed mRNAs between testis tissues from WT and KO mice. There were 12 differentially expressed lncRNAs through the analyses of the GO, with 7 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated. The KEGG analysis showed that these differentially expressed mRNAs played important roles in Ca2+ signaling, ligand and receptor interactions, and so on. The correlation matrix method established an lncRNA and mRNA co-expression network, consisting of 9 lncRNAs and 8 mRNAs, with 17 nodes and 12 connections. Furthermore, expression of gene Rsl1 was regulated by three lncRNAs, expression of gene Lpo and gene Mpo was regulated by two lncRNAs, and expression of gene Hdac1 and gene Ephb4 was regulated by one lncRNA. qRT-PCR confirmed the significant down-regulation of lncRNA A-30-P01019163 expression, which significantly down-regulated its downstream gene P2rx7 in testis tissues of CRYBB2 KO mice(P<0.05). Conclusion LncRNA is closely related to the non-crystalline lens function of CRYBB2. LncRNA A-30-P01019163 may affect testicular cell cycle and signaling pathway by regulating P2rx7 expression in the testis tissues.
ABSTRACT
The Sertoli cell has fundamental importance to the development and maintenance of spermatogenesis, as well as it has a directly proportional numerical relationship to sperm production. The proliferative period of this cell in rats occurs between 13 days pre-natal and 21 days pos-natal, when is established the final population in adult animals. The Leydig cell can modulate the Sertoli cell proliferation during fetal and neonatal periodï throughï ï ï¢-endorphin. The manipulation of opioidergic system can promote changes in parameters related to development of nervous, endocrine and reproductive systems. By the way, the main purpose of this present work was to compare the effects of the blockade of opioid receptor blocking in Sertoli cells using naltrexone (50 mg kg-1) during fetal and neonatal period in Wistar rats. According to the results, the manipulation of opioidergic system during pre-natal period reduced the total length of seminiferous tubule and Sertoli cell population in adult rats, but sperm production was normal because this cell has had a compensatory response for spermatozoids support capacity.
As células de Sertoli têm fundamental importância para o desenvolvimento e manutenção da espermatogênese, bem como possuem uma relação numérica diretamente proporcional com a produção espermática. O período proliferativo destas células em ratos ocorre entre 13 dias pré-natal e 21 dias pós-natal, resultando na definição da população de células de Sertoli nos animais adultos. As células de Leydig podem modular a proliferação das células de Sertoli durante o período fetal e neonatal por meio da ï¢-endorfina. A manipulação do sistema opioidérgico durante esta fase pode promover alterações em parâmetros relacionados com o desenvolvimento dos sistemas nervoso, endócrino e reprodutivo. Em virtude disto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi comparar os efeitos do bloqueio de receptores opioides nas células de Sertoli, utilizando o naltrexone (50 mg kg-1), durante o período proliferativo destas células em ratos Wistar. De acordo com nossos resultados, a manipulação do sistema opioidérgico durante o período pré-natal reduziu o comprimento total de túbulos seminíferos e a população de células de Sertoli em ratos adultos, porém, a produção espermática foi normal pela resposta compensatória desta célula na capacidade de suporte para espermatozoides.
Subject(s)
Rats , Spermatogenesis , Testis , NaltrexoneABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the application of fluoxetine a highly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) ¡ in rats during the suckling period induces changes in testicular development. Groups of newborn male rats were randomly assigned with different doses of fluoxetine 24 hours after birth. Each litter stayed with its respective mother during 21 days. Body weight (BW) was measured daily from the 1st -21st day to calculate daily doses of fluoxetine. 5 mg (T1), 10 mg (T2) 20 mg (T3) or deionized water, were injected intraperitoneally. On the 21st day, animals were heparinized, anesthetized and blood was collected by cardiac puncture to determine by radioimmunoassay the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. Testis were removed, weighed, and processed for morphometric analysis. Fluoxetine groups presented decreased body and testicular weight when compared with the control group on the 21st day. Our findings show that the manipulation of the serotoninergic system with fluoxetine during the critical period of testicular development alters the Sertoli cell population and all testicular parameters related to this cell.
El propósito del presente estudio fue probar la hipótesis que el uso de fluoxetina - un inhibidor altamente selectivo de la serotonina (SSRI) - induce cambios en el desarrollo testicular de ratas durante el período de amamantamiento. Los grupos de ratas macho recién nacidas fueron asignados aleatoriamente con diversas dosis del fluoxetina, 24 horas después del nacimiento. Cada cría permanecía con su madre respectiva durante 21 días. El peso corporal (BW) fue medido diariamente desde el 21día 1 al 21, para calcular las dosis diarias del fluoxetina. 5 mg (T1), 10 mg (T2) y 20 (T3) o agua desionizada fueron inyectados intraperitonealmente. En el día 21, los animales fueron tratados con heparina, anestesiados y la sangre fue recogida por punción cardiaca para determinar por radioinmunoanálisis los niveles de la hormona folículo-estimulante (FSH). Los testículos fueron retirados, pesados y procesados para el análisis morfométrico. Los grupos tratados con fluoxetina presentaron disminución del tamaño y peso testiculares, en comparación con el grupo control día 21. Los resultados demuestran que la manipulación del sistema serotoninérgico con fluoxetina durante el período crítico del desarrollo testicular, altera la población de células de Sertoli y todos los parámetros testiculares relacionados con este tipo celular.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Sertoli Cells , Fluoxetine/pharmacology , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/pharmacology , Testis , Breast Feeding , Fluoxetine/administration & dosage , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Rats, Wistar , Time Factors , Testis/growth & developmentABSTRACT
This paper reports 3 cases with 46,XX sex reversed male. Three 46,XX hypogonadal subjects showed complete sex reversal and had normal phallus and azoospermia. We studied them under clinical, cytogenetic and molecular aspects to find out the origin of the sex reversal. Patients had markedly elevated serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and lutenizing hormone (LH) and decreased or normal range of serum testosterone. The testicular volumes were small (3-8ml). Testicular biopsy showed Leydig cell hyperplasia and atrophy of seminiferous tubules. We obtained the results of normal 46,XX and XY dual fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) which could rule out the presence of Y chromosome mosaicism. By using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we amplified short arm (SRY, PABY, ZFY and DYS14), centromere (DYZ3), and heterochromatin (DYZ1) region of the Y chromosome. PCR amplification of DNA from these patients showed the presence of the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome (SRY) but didn't show the centromere and heterochromatin region sequence. The SRY gene was detected in all the three patients. Amplification patterns of the other regions were different in these patients; one had four amplified loci (PABY+, SRY+, ZFY+, DYS14+), another had two loci (SRY+, ZFY+) and the other had two loci (PABY+, SRY+). We have found that each patient's translocation elements had different breakpoints at upstream and downstream of the SRY gene region. We conclude that the testicular development in 46,XX male patients were due to insertion or translocation of SRY gene into X chromosome or autosomes.