Analysis of Animal Models of Constipation Based on Characteristics of Clinical Symptoms of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Constipation is a common functional gastrointestinal disease with obstructive constipation， prolonged defecation time， or difficulty in defecation as the main symptoms， its prevalence is increasing year by year. Copying the animal model that is highly consistent with the clinical characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and western medicine is the basis for the related research on constipation. Based on the clinical characteristics， etiology and pathogenesis， clinical diagnostic criteria and TCM syndrome differentiation of constipation， a comparative analysis of the anastomosis between common animal models and clinical symptoms was carried out. Existing animal models of constipation were mostly drug induction and non-pharmaceutical intervention methods， and the modeling method was relatively simple， which was different from the multi-factors of constipation in clinical practice， and the evaluation indicators were mainly charcoal-powder propelling rate， defecation function， colon tissue and serum biochemical indicators. TCM syndrome differentiation lacked perfect evaluation system， such as laborious defecation， palpitation， shortness of breath， forgetfulness， cold pain in the abdomen， and other indicators that had not been embodied in the animal models， and the observation indicators were inconsistent with the diagnostic criteria of TCM. The same pathogenic factor could cause different syndromes， such as shortness of breath and fatigue， hot flashes and night sweats in the diagnostic criteria of TCM. Therefore， it is necessary to further explore the animal model of constipation that is highly consistent with the clinical characteristics of TCM and western medicine， in order to promote clinical treatment of constipation.

Data Mining-Based Macroscopic Exploration of Clinical Medication of Chinese Medicine for Liver Cancer / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the macroscopic medication rule of Chinese medicine for the treatment of primary liver cancer and provide references for clinical medication. Method:The databases of CNKI，VIP， and Wanfang Data were searched for research articles published from September 1959 to June 2019 with the terms of "Chinese medicine" and "liver cancer". A database was established based on the collected Chinese medicinal prescriptions for the treatment of primary liver cancer. The frequency，clustering， and association rules were analyzed by Excel， etc. Result:In this study，106 effective articles were included，and after the modified prescriptions were removed， 92 effective prescriptions were screened out，involving 281 Chinese herbal medicines used for 1 181 times in total. The top 5 high-frequency drugs were Poria （deficiency-tonifying），Astragali Radix （heat-clearing），Bupleuri Radix （blood-activating and stasis-resolving），Paeoniae Radix Alba （urination-promoting and dampness-draining）， and Codonopsis Radix （Qi-regulating）. The analysis of drug flavor with a frequency higher than 10 showed that most of the drugs were sweet，bitter， and pungent in flavor，cold，warm， and plain in nature，and acted on spleen and liver meridians. Four combinations and 10 herbal pairs were obtained by the cluster analysis of high-frequency drugs and association analysis， respectively. The high-frequency drugs and potential herbal pairs were classified targeting the specific clinical syndromes in different stages of liver cancer. Conclusion:Replenishing Qi， invigorating spleen，clearing heat， removing toxin，activating blood， and resolving stasis were the basic principles for the treatment of primary liver cancer. The combination of those drugs was the main therapeutic strategy. In addition，the resulting 10 potential herbal pairs from high-frequency drugs and cluster analysis could inspire the clinical treatment of primary liver cancer in different clinical stages with various clinical syndromes， which was of reference value for the clinical medication.

Discussion on LI Dong-yuan's Theory of "Atrophic Debility of Bones" and TCM Clinical Syndrome of Renal Osteopathy / 中国中医药信息杂志

LI Dong-yuan discussed the pathogenesis and treatment of "atrophic debility of bones" in his writings. This article explained and summarized the pathogenesis of atrophic debility of bones in LI's works. LI held that the pathogenesis of atrophic debility of bones is divided into damp-heat, overabundant yin leading to yang hyperactivity, and overabundant yin leading to insufficient yang. Combined with clinical observation, this article considered that the LI's atrophic debility of bones is similar to renal osteopathy in terms of disease name, clinical manifestation and pathogenesis. Therefore it put forward to the treatment of renal osteodystrophy from LI's theory. The methods of treatment were invigorating splenic yang and dehumidify, moistening dryness and tonifying kidney, replenishing qi, purging yin fire, raising yang and lifting prolapsed zang-fu organs, and expeling wind and removing dampness.

Discussion on LI Dong-yuan's Theory of "Atrophic Debility of Bones" and TCM Clinical Syndrome of Renal Osteopathy / 中国中医药信息杂志

LI Dong-yuan discussed the pathogenesis and treatment of "atrophic debility of bones" in his writings. This article explained and summarized the pathogenesis of atrophic debility of bones in LI's works. LI held that the pathogenesis of atrophic debility of bones is divided into damp-heat, overabundant yin leading to yang hyperactivity, and overabundant yin leading to insufficient yang. Combined with clinical observation, this article considered that the LI's atrophic debility of bones is similar to renal osteopathy in terms of disease name, clinical manifestation and pathogenesis. Therefore it put forward to the treatment of renal osteodystrophy from LI's theory. The methods of treatment were invigorating splenic yang and dehumidify, moistening dryness and tonifying kidney, replenishing qi, purging yin fire, raising yang and lifting prolapsed zang-fu organs, and expeling wind and removing dampness.

Evidências de validade convergente do Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III / Evidences of convergent validity of Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III / Evidencias de validad convergente del Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III

Este estudo tem como objetivo verificar características de evidências de validade e sensibilidade do Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) em identificar traços patológicos em pessoas com necessidade de tratamento psicológico e/ou psiquiátrico usando o questionário de saúde geral de Goldberg (QSG) como instrumento de validade convergente. Foram avaliados 703 participantes com idades de 18 a 85 anos, dos sexos feminino e masculino, residentes e domiciliados em cidades brasileiras, representando todas as regiões do país. Os participantes foram divididos posteriormente em dois grupos (G1 e G2). Os resultados demonstraram que o grupo G1 (pessoas em tratamento) apresentou diferenças significativas entre as médias com relação ao grupo G2 (pessoas que não realizam tratamento). Por meio do QSG, resultados apontaram a relação com os escores do MCMI-III, contudo ainda são necessários estudos posteriores para confirmação dos resultados, além do estabelecimento de padrões normativos para a amostra brasileira.

This study aims to determine the characteristics of evidence of validity and sensitivity of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III in identifying pathological traits in people needing psychological or psychiatric treatment using the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) as an instrument for convergent validity. We evaluated 703 male and female participants aged 18 to 85 years old, resident in various Brazilian cities. Participants were divided in two groups: G1 and G2. The results showed significant differences between means of G1 and G2. Through the GHQ administration, results showed a relationship between the scores of the two instruments. However, further studies are needed to establish normative standards for the Brazilian sample.

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar la validad y sensibilidad del Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III en la identificación de rasgos patológicos de las personas que necesitan tratamiento para trastornos psicológico y/o psiquiátrico utilizando el cuestionario de salud general de Goldberg (CSG) como medio de validez convergente. Se evaluaron 703 sujetos de entre 18 y 85 años, hombres y mujeres, residentes en las ciudades brasileñas. Los participantes fueron divididos en grupos G1 y G2. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas entre las medias de los grupos G1 y G2. A través de la administración del CSG se observa una relación entre las puntuaciones de los dos instrumentos. Sin embargo, se necesitan más estudios para establecer criterios normativos para la muestra brasileña.

Millon clinical multiaxial inventory-III: tradução e adaptação semântica dos itens para o Brasil / Translation and adaptation of the millon clinical multiaxial inventory-III to Brazil

O presente estudo buscou traduzir e adaptar semanticamente as escalas de padrões clínicos de personalidade e síndromes clínicas do MCMI-III para o Brasil. Utilizaram-se os processos de tradução e tradução reversa, realizados por tradutores bilíngues. Em seguida, o inventário foi administrado a 15 homens e mulheres de 18 a 85 anos, com diferentes níveis de leitura para aferir o grau de compreensão semântica das sentenças. Os itens traduzidos foram enviados para experts acerca da teoria de Millon para avaliarem cada um dos itens com relação à adequação de sua tradução antes da sua administração com vistas a verificar entendimento por parte dos respondentes. São apresentados os itens e os indicadores apontados pelos juízes que demonstram os preceitos referentes à tradução e à adaptação semântica para o uso do instrumento no Brasil. Pode-se obter uma versão do instrumento com condições de atender as características culturais de forma a garantir sequência de estudos sistemáticos para verificação de evidências de validade e de sensibilidade com vistas a possível uso clínico Discutem-se ainda os resultados preliminares quanto à tradução e adaptação do instrumento não somente ao idioma português, mas também ao contexto cultural

The present study aimed to translate and to adapt the personality clinical patterns scales and clinical syndromes scales of the MCMI-III to Brazil. It was used the translation and backtranslation processes, handled by bilingual translators. Then, the inventory was administered to 15 men and women aging 18 to 85 years old, with different levels of reading skills to verify the level of sentences semantic comprehension. The translated items were sent to experts on Millon's theory whom evaluated each one of the items concerning its translation adequacy prior to administration in order to verify understanding by respondents. The items are presented and indicators pointed by the judges show the conventions on translation and semantic adaptation carried through this adaptation and the use of the instrument in Brazil. We can get a version of the instrument with conditions to meet the cultural characteristics to ensure sequence of systematic studies to check for validity and sensitivity with a view to possible clinical use. We still discuss the preliminaries results on translation and adaptation if the instrument not just to the Portuguese language, but also to the cultural context

Pulmonary Aspergillosis / 대한의진균학회지

Aspergillus is a ubiquitous fungus which is found in soil, composed piles, and even in the air. It causes various clinical syndromes, which are mainly determined by the immunocompetence of host; simple colonization in normal person, aspergilloma in patients with lung cavities (e.g. after tuberculosis), chronic necrotizing pneumonia in mildly immunocompromised hosts (e.g. DM or alcoholics) or those who have chronic lung diseases, invasive aspergillosis which is severe and commonly fatal in immunocompromised patients. It may cause hypersensitivity reaction; IgE-mediated asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis (extrinsic allergic alveolitis), allergic Aspergillus sinusitis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). It is essential for clinicians to be familiar with the spectrum of Aspergillus-related clinical syndromes. After a brief review of each clinical syndrome, ABPA that is a typical allergic disease was reviewed in detail.