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The incidence and recurrence rates of urinary stone diseases have remained high recently, and stone analysis is of great significance for further understanding of the pathophysiological processes of urinary stones and to develop effective prevention strategies and precise treatment. Imaging evaluation is the main method of preoperative stone analysis, and dual-energy CT has shown its potential in identifying common main components of stones. The emergence of photon counting spectral CT is expected to achieve accurate analysis of stone components at the pixel level. The intraoperative stone analysis mainly relies on the automatic recognition of endoscopic images, and using machine learning algorithms can more reliably predict common stone composition. It is of great significance for stone analysis and assessment of metabolic causes by introducing morpho-constitutional classification (MCC)and observing and describing the papillary renal lesions during operation. This article reviews the progress of preoperative and intraoperative stone analysis, in order to improve clinicians' understanding of the importance of stone analysis, and provide a direction for further clinical research.
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Objective:To analyze the composition and clinical characteristics of urinary calculi in infants in Xinjiang.Methods:The clinical data of 75 infants with urinary calculi admitted to the People′s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2016 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including the general situation of the children, stone-related parameters, random urine pH value, urine culture and biochemical examination results. The serum uric acid, serum calcium, urine pH value, positive rate of urine culture, and stone length between infants with and without ammonium urate stones were compared. Measurement data conforming to normal distribution were expressed as mean ± standard deviation ( ± s), and independent sample t-test was used for inter-group comparison. Measurement data that did not conform to the normal distribution were expressed as the median (interquartile distance) [ M ( Q1, Q3)], and Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between groups. The Chi-square test, continuity-corrected Chi-square test or Fisher exact probability method were used for the comparison of count data. Results:The median age of infants with urinary calculi was 23.04 months, and the ratio of male to female was 3.2∶1. More than half of the infants (81.3%, 61/75) came from rural areas, 57.3% (43/75) were malnourished, 33.3% (25/75) were complicated with urinary tract infection, and 8.0% (6/75) were combined with urinary system congenital malformation. The calculi were found in 53 cases (70.67%) of kidney, 27 cases (36.0%) of ureter, 17 cases (22.67%) of urethra and 16 cases (21.33%) of bladder. The analysis of calculi composition showed that there were 44 cases (58.67%) of ammonium urate, 39 cases (52.0%) of calcium oxalate, 14 cases (18.67%) of apatite carbonate and 7 cases (9.33%) of uric acid. Kidney calculi was more common in female infants ( P=0.011). Compared with the infant group ( n=19), calcium oxalate stones were more common in the preschooler group ( n=56) ( P=0.039), but there were not statistical difference in the incidence of ammonium urate, apatite carbonate and uric acid stones. There were not statistical difference in gender, age, place of residence, nutritional status, serum uric acid, serum calcium, urine pH value, positive rate of urine culture, stone maximum diameter and incidence of bladder stones between ammonium urate group and non-ammonium urate group. Conclusions:The incidence of urinary calculi in infants is higher in boys, and the most common site of calculi is the upper urinary tract, especially in female kidney calculi. Ammonium urate is the main component of urinary calculi in infants. Calcium oxalate stones are more common in preschooler group. Infants with urinary calculi are mostly rural residents, and malnutrition and urinary tract infection are more common.
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【Objective】 To investigate the correlation between body composition and thyroid function indicators in type 2 diabetic patients with euthyroidism of different genders. 【Methods】 Type 2 diabetic patients with euthyroidism who were hospitalized in the Endocrinology Department of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University from February 2016 to September 2018 were enrolled in this study. Bioelectric impedance analysis was used to measure body composition, and the thyroid function indicators (FT3, FT4, and TSH) were tested. The male and female subjects were matched according to the ratio of 2:1 using the propensity score matching method, and the correlation between body composition and thyroid function indicators was studied in different genders by correlation analysis. 【Results】 The basal metabolic rate, trunk fat mass, fat-free mass, fat-free mass index, bone mass, water mass, total body muscle mass, skeletal muscle mass, and skeletal muscle index were positively correlated with FT3 in male patients (P<0.05). The percentage of body fat mass and fat mass index were positively correlated with FT3 and TSH (P<0.05), and the percentages of lean mass, water mass, and total body muscle mass were negatively correlated with FT3 and TSH (P<0.05), and the basal metabolic rate was negatively correlated with FT4 (P<0.05) in female. 【Conclusion】 In euthyroid type 2 diabetic patients, the correlation between body composition and thyroid function indicators are different between males and females. In males, only FT3 is positively correlated with basal metabolic rate, trunk fat mass, and fat free-related composition; while in females, both FT3 and TSH are positively correlated with fat-related composition, but negatively correlated with fat-free-related composition.
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Objective:To investigate the composition characteristics of urolithiasis patients in Chongqing.Methods:From May 2017 to July 2021, clinical data of 1 972 urinary stone patients treated in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University was retrospectively analyzed. Among 1 972 patients, there were 1 323 males and 649 females, the average age was (52.7±13.8) years (aged 14-92 years). In this study, all of the patients were first divided into the central and western areas of Chongqing group ( n=1 532) and southeastern areas of Chongqing group ( n=440) according to regional differences; then according to the difference of economic development level, all patients were divided into the more developed area of Chongqing group ( n=1 491) and the less developed area of Chongqing group ( n=481). To study and analyze the influence of gender, age, region and economic development level on stone composition in patients. The distribution characteristics of urinary calculi constituents in different groups of region, gender and age were analyzed by Chi-square test, and analysis of the proportion of various urinary calculi with age were conducted by Cochran-Armitage trend test. Results:The results of stone composition analysis showed that, among the 1 972 cases, the mixed urinary stones were dominant in the urinary stones [92.9%(1 832/1 972)], in which, the most component was the calcium oxalate monohydrate+ calcium oxalate dehydrate [40.8%(805/1 972)]; among the pure stones, the most component was the calcium oxalate dehydrate [2.5%(50/1 972)]. The proportion of carbonated apatite stones [53.6%(348/649) vs 43.5%(576/1 323), P<0.05], hydroxyapatite stones [25.1%(163/649) vs 17.2%(228/1 323), P<0.05] and magnesium ammonium phosphate stones [20.6%(134/649) vs 6.3%(83/1 323), P<0.05] in female patients were significantly higher than those in male patients, but the proportion of calcium oxalate stones [91.4%(1 209/1 323) vs 80.7%(524/649), P<0.05] and uric acid stones [9.4%(125/1 323) vs 1.5%(10/649), P<0.05] in male patients were significantly higher than those in female patients. Compared with patients aged 40-70 years and ≥70 years, the proportion of carbonated apatite stones [39.6%(155/391) vs 48.4%(673/1 391), 50.5%(96/190), P<0.05], magnesium ammonium phosphate stones [6.1% (24/391) vs 12.0% (167/1 391), 13.7% (26/190), P<0.05] and uric acid stones [3.3% (13/391) vs 7.4% (103/1 391), 10.0% (19/190), P<0.05] was significantly lower for patients aged <40 years; but the proportion of calcium oxalate stones in patients aged < 40 years was significantly higher [93.6%(366/391) vs 87.2%(1 213/1 391), 81.0%(154/190), P<0.05]. In this study, there were no significant difference in stone composition between the central and western areas of Chongqing and the southeastern areas of Chongqing, and between the more developed areas of Chongqing and the less developed areas of Chongqing ( P>0.05). Conclusions:There are gender and age differences in the distribution of urinary stone components in Chongqing, but the regional and economic development level differences are not particularly obvious. Carbonated apatite stones, hydroxyapatite stones and magnesium ammonium phosphate stones were more prevalent in females, calcium oxalate stones and uric acid stones were more common in males. Calcium oxalate stones were the most common in patients aged< 40 years, carbonate apatite, magnesium ammonium phosphate and uric acid stones were more common in patients aged ≥40 years.
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Objective:To study the relationship of pathogenic bacteria in midstream urine culture and stone composition of patients characteristics with infection stones.Methods:Between January 2016 and December 2020, 989 patients with infectious stones who attended Tsinghua Chang Gung Hospital, affiliated with Tsinghua University, for surgical treatment were enrolled in the study. There were 545 male and 444 female patients, with the mean age (48±14) years. The left and right side stones were 396 and 333, respectively. There were 260 bilateral stones, 264 single stones, 334 multiple stones, and 391 deer-stalker-shaped stones. The maximum diameter of stones was (33.4±26.5)mm, combined with diabetes in 109 cases and hypertension in 235 cases. Clean middle-urine was collected for bacterial culture, and intraoperative stone specimens were collected by percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Personal characteristics of the patient such as gender, age, body mass index, clinical information such as stone size, location, comorbidities, results of urine culture and stone composition were recorded. The differences of infectious stone composition was analyzed between urease-producing, non-urease-producing bacteria.Results:Among the 989 patients with infectious stones, 259 were pure infectious stones, 131 were mixed infectious stones, and 599 were combined with infectious stone components. Urine cultures were positive in 627(63.4%) patients with infectious stones. The predominant urease-producing bacteria included Ureaplasma urealyticum(94 case), Proteus mirabilis(58 case), and Staphylococcus spp.(36 case). Pure infectious stones were common in Proteus mirabilis, while combined with infectious stone components were common in Ureaplasma urealyticum and Staphylococcus spp. The predominant non-urease-producing bacteria included Escherichia coli(175 case), Enterococcus spp.(76 case) and Streptococcus spp.(35 case). Escherichia coli commonly contained in infectious stone components and pure infectious stones, whereas Enterococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. commonly contained in infectious stone components. Escherichia coli (61 case), Proteus mirabilis (44 case) and Enterococcus spp.(20 case) were the most common bacteria in 259 cases of pure infectious stones. Escherichia coli (36 case), Enterococcus spp. (14 case) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (10 case) were the most common bacteria in 131 cases of mixed infectious stones. The most common bacteria in 599 cases of combined infectious stones were Escherichia coli (78 case), Ureaplasma urealyticum (68 case) and Enterococcus spp. (42 case).Conclusions:Urease producing bacteria were not common in infectious stones. It was common for the Ureaplasma urealyticum in combined infectious stone components, while Escherichia coli was common in pure and combined infectious stone components.
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RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la relación entre consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados y los indicadores del estado de nutricional de una muestra de población económicamente activa en México. Se realizó un estudio transversal en individuos de ambos sexos (18 a 60 años, n=150). Para la obtención de datos antropométricos de la población y de composición corporal, se utilizó un equipo de bioimpedancia. Además, se aplicó un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados (previamente validada) para la evaluación dietética. Los resultados de los indicadores de estado nutricional demostraron que el 80% de la población estudiada presentó obesidad y sobrepeso; el 88,7% tuvo un % de grasa alto; y el 75,3% presentó riesgo metabólico alto. Con respecto a la evaluación dietética, el grupo de alimentos de ultraprocesados con alto contenido de azúcares simples fue el de mayor consumo (47%, 10,4 veces por semana). Los resultados del análisis de correlación de Pearson, indicaron que existe una correlación negativa significativa entre la edad y el consumo en cuatro de cinco grupos de alimentos ultraprocesados. Finalmente, se encontró que la muestra presenta riesgos de salud importantes que pueden afectar su calidad de vida y productividad. Se deben implementar estrategias a corto plazo de mejora de hábitos de alimentación y estilo de vida saludables en este sector de la población tan importante.
ABSTRACT This work aimed to correlate ultra-processed product consumption and nutritional status in a sample of the Mexican labor force population. A cross-sectional study assessed subjects from both genders (18 to 60 years, n=150). Bioimpedance equipment was used to obtain anthropometric measurements and body composition parameters. Moreover, a previously validated frequency questionnaire of ultra-processed foods was used to obtain dietetic data. Results from the nutritional status evaluation indicated that 80% of the sample was obese or overweight; 88.7% had high total fat mass percentage, and 75.3% had high metabolic risk. Regarding the dietetic evaluation, ultra-processed products with high sugar content were the most consumed (47%, up to10.4 times per week). Furthermore, the Pearson correlation analysis results showed a significant negative correlation between age and consumption in four of the five ultra-processed product groups evaluated. Therefore, there is a need to implement internal strategies to diminish the consumption of ultra-processed products and improve healthy food choices and physical activity of the sample to avoid quality of life deterioration and reduce economic losses in this sector.
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Owing to the combined effect of tumor burden and cancer therapy, pediatric patients with tumor with a high incidence of malnutrition.Traditional nutritional indicators(such as weight, body mass index, and albumin, etc)fail to distinguish between adipose tissue and muscle tissue, which has limitations in evaluating the nutritional status of children with tumor.With the rapid development of body composition analysis techniques, the assessment of body composition can not only obtain the objective quality of each component of body mass but also enable longitudinal monitoring of nutritional status, therefore it plays a critical role in the assessment of nutritional status and the development of individualized nutritional support protocols in children with tumor.This review summarizes the application of body composition analysis for nutritional assessment in childhood cancer.
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Objective To understand the distribution characteristics of body fat content and basal metabolic rate among Xibo adults in Xinjiang and to explore the correlation between them. Methods The people aged between 35 and 70 were randomly selected to be the research object, and a total of 536 people (263 males and 273 females) were selected for the study. Subcutaneous fat, visceral fat, weight, stature, defat weight, body fat rate and basal metabolic rate were measured using the body composition analyzer. The correlation between body fat content and basal metabolic rate was studied by regression analysis, and regression equation coefficient was calculated. Results There were statistically significant in total fat, defate body weight and body fat percentage (P<0. 05) of different aged Xibo adults in Xinjiang, except for male visceral fat and female subcutaneous fat. There were statistically significant subcutaneous fat, total fat and body fat percentage(P<0. 05) between the sexes, except for visceral fat. The visceral fat content among Xibo adults in Xinjiang was negatively correlated with basal metabolic rate (P<0. 05). Conclusion Body lipid distribution is differences in different aged and gender among Xibo adults in Xinjiang. There is a negative correlation between visceral fat and basal metabolic rate.
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Objective@#To evaluate the lipid and calorie content in breast milk samples from neonatal intensive care unit of the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, and to explore the correlation between the lipid and calorie content of breast milk and perinatal factors, so as to provide ideas and methods for individualized feeding of neonates.@*Methods@#A total of 305 breast milk samples from 183 neonatal mothers in Fifth Me-dical Center of Chinese People′s Liberation Army were tested for fat and calorie by adopting Creamatocrit dynamic breast milk analyzer. All breast milk samples were sent to the breast milk bank of neonatal intensive care unit within 24 hours after collection and refrigeration. Breast milk samples were rewarmed at 37 ℃ for 30 minutes and then determined by the same nurses in the same environment from 1000 to 1100 Am daily. SPSS 17.0 was used for statistical analysis and P<0.05 was used for statistical analysis.@*Results@#The fat content of 305 breast milk samples from 183 infants was (45.65±26.76) g/L and the caloric content was(762.61±206.64) kcal/L(1 kcal=4.184 kJ). There was no significant difference between colostrum, transitional milk and mature milk in terms of fat (F=2.053, P=0.130) and calorie(F=0.830, P=0.437)content.There was no significant difference in colostrum (fat: F=1.119, P=0.331, calorie: F=2.928, P=0.058), transitional milk (fat: F=0.530, P=0.590, calorie: F=1.377, P=0.257), and mature milk (fat: F=0.612, P=0.545, calorie: F=1.101, P=0.337) in terms of fat content and calorie content among different gestational weeks newborns.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that mothers with pregnancy complications were important factors affecting breast milk lipid and calorie content.Mothers with hypertension during pregnancy are important factors affecting the lipid content of mature milk.@*Conclusions@#Breast milk calorie content may be higher than the industry-standard 670 kcal/L, and Creamatocrit dynamic breast milk analyzer can be used to determine the content of breast milk calories and fat, which can be more accurate assessment of neonatal calories and fat intake.Whether the mother is complicated with complications or not during pregnancy is an important factor affecting the colostrum fat and caloric content.
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Objective To explore the clinical value of dual-source CT (DSCT) dual-energy imaging for in vivo diagnosis of gallstone composition. Methods Totally 200 patients with gallstone undergoing cholecystectomy were collected. DSCT dual energy examination was performed preoperatively to analyze the detection rate of 80 kV and 140 kV images for gallbladder negative stones. Taken the results of micro-infrared spectroscopy as golden standards, the 80 kV images CT value, 140 kV images CT value, CT value difference and CT value ratio among different stone composition were compared. The diagnostic efficacy of each indicator in differentiating cholesterol from non-cholesterol gallstone was calculated using ROC curves. Results The detection rate of 80 kV images, 140 kV images and the combined application of both for gallbladder negative stones was 88.89% (80/90), 76.67% (69/90) and 100% (90/90), respectively. The 80 kV images CT value, 140 kV images CT value, CT value difference and CT value ratio of cholesterol composition were all lower than those of bilirubin calcium and rare composition (all P0.05). Taken 62 HU and -2 HU as the threshold of 80 kV images CT value and CT value difference, the sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis of cholesterol and non-cholesterol composition stones were both 100%. Conclusion DSCT dual-energy imaging can be used in accurate identification of gallbladder cholesterol gallstones and non-cholesterol gallstones.
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The maternal components are constantly changing with gestational weight gains during pregnancy. Body composition analysis is a method for evaluating the maternal body composition accurately during pregnancy, models of which consist of fat mass, extracellular water, intracellular water, inorganic salts and protein basically. Among various methods to execute body composition analysis, bioelectrical impedance analysis is an important method for pregnant women. Many studies have reported about clinical applications based on correlations between maternal individual components and gestational diseases. This article reviews the researches on clinical applications of body composition analysis to pregnant women.
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Chinese materia medica (CMM) have many unique characteristics, such as complex chemical compositions, large differences in properties, and difficulty in separation. Pharmacists try to use various analytical methods to analyze the chemical compositions in CMM. With the development of liquid chromatography technology, the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) has been applied in the analysis field of CMM, and further promoted the in-depth study of CMM. This paper summarizes the development history of HPLC and UPLC, describes its current application in the analysis field of CMM, and provides an outlook of the future development of UPLC. The purpose of this paper is to promote the more reasonable and wider application of UPLC in the field of CMM analysis.
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Objective At present no deep investigation has been done on the relationship between handgrip strength and appendicular lean mass (ALM) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The study aimed to explore the present situation of handgrip strength in patients with stable COPD and relationship between handgrip strength and ALM.Methods A total of 93 patients with stable COPD who hospitalized in our department from August 2016 to July 2017 were selected for the study. All the patients underwent handgrip strength test, body composition analysis, as well as the analysis of the relationship between handgrip strength and ALM.Results Multivariate linear regression analysis showed age(X1), education(X2), smoking(X3), course of disease(X4) and lower limb lean mass(X5) could be taken as predictive factors for the variation degree of handgrip strength (R2=50.5%), and multiple linear regression equation was Y=9.959-4.315X1+1.397X2+2.679X3-1.526X4+1.538X5. The variation degree decreased to 48.1% when the course of disease was removed from the model, 28.3% when the limb lean mass was removed, 26.5% when two variables were removed. The correlation coefficients of ALM, upper limb, lower limb and torso lean mass (\[22.32±3.25\]kg, \[6.48±1.05\]kg, \[15.83±2.26\]kg, \[22.27±3.22\]kg) with handgrip strength (\[32.27±7.27\]kgf) were respectively 0.484, 0.436, 0.496 and 0.496 (P＜0.01).Conclusion The handgrip strength in patients with stable COPD is closely associated with ALM, and the course of disease and the lower limb lean mass greatly affect the handgrip strength. Clinical workers should pay extra attention to the relationship in order to give timely clinical intervention.
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Heart failure is the final stage of heart disease caused by various causes,it has a high rate of morbidity,re-hospitalization and mortality,and therefore,it becomes a particularly serious and common clinical syndrome.Research indicates that body composition analysis can provide more valuable clinical data for illness such as heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Steaming method is a traditional processing method for Gastrodiae Rhizoma(GR). The current studies on the steaming method's mechanism of GR are mainly focused on facilitating softening slice, destroying the β-glycosidic bond enzymes to reduce the decomposition of gastrodia glycosides (killing enzyme and protecting glycosides). The researches on the processing mechanism are still incomplete, while revealing and analyzing the active components in the body's metabolic process are important channels and new models to clarify the mechanism of traditional medicine processing. In order to provides a reference for the in-depth study of the processing mechanism of GR, we have reviewed the relevant literature at home and abroad in recent years and briefly summarized the processing, composition analysis and in vivo metabolism of GR in this study.
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Objective:To evaluate the nutritional status before and after chemotherapy in patients with colon cancer by measuring energy metabolism and body composition.Methods:Fifty-one patients with colon cancer were included and were investigated using self-control method (before and after chemotherapy).Resting energy expenditure (REE) was determined by bed metabolic instrument,and body composition was measured by body composition analyzer.Results:For all patients,the REE on the 2nd day after chemotherapy was decreased significantly compared with that before chemotherapy (P ＜ 0.05).After chemotherapy,body fat percentage and body moisture percentage were increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05),and lean body mass percentage was decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:After chemotherapy,the REE and lean body mass percentage of the patients with colon cancer were decreased,and body fat percentage and body moisture percentage were increased.
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Objective To investigate the effects of gemstone energy spectrum CT atomic number method and infrared spec-troscopy for analyzing the composition of urinary calculi and to compare their values in qualitative diagnosis of urinary calculi .Meth-ods Two hundreds and sixty cases of urinary tract stones were performed the gemstone spectrum CT urinary scanning and the stone composition was identified by atomic number method .After removing stone ,the stone composition analyzed by infrared spec-troscopy served as the gold standard .Then the consistency identified by the two methods was analyzed .Results The Kappa consis-tency test results showed that the two kinds of method for identifying stone type had good consistency (Kappa=0 .787 ,P<0 .01) . The paired chi square test results showed that the difference of the two methods for identifying the stone type had no statistical sig-nificance(χ2 =6 .581 ,P=0 .254) .The stone crystal composition types measured by gemstone energy spectrum CT atomic number method were less than those measured by infrared spectroscopy .The precise quantification of the stones with different crystal struc-tures was not as accurate as that of infrared spectroscopy (calcium oxalate monohydrate and calcium oxalate dihydrate ) .Conclusion The two methods for analyzing theurinary stone composition all have clinical significance ,the stone analysis method should be se-lected according to the actual situation .
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Impedance plethysmography (IPG) came into existence in 1940 as a result of Jan Nyboer’s pioneering work in the noninvasive assessment of central and peripheral blood flow. The technique got an impetus after introduction first-time derivative of the impedance for accurate determination of stroke volume (SV) and various cardiac intervals. Later, this signal was employed by Parulkar et al for estimation of blood flow index (BFI) and differential pulse arrival time (DPAT) in various segments of the extremity, which were adequate to detect the aortic and peripheral arterial blocks and estimate collateral circulation and distal arterial runoff. The technique was widely used for measurement of respiration and body water. All these applications have resulted into use of bioimpedance for body composition analysis and continuous monitoring of cardiac output as US Food and Drug Adminstration (FDA) approved technologies, which are being used worldwide. Physiological variability has added more value to this technique as single data acquisition gives variability in heart rate and SV (or peripheral blood flow). Morphology index thus derived is very useful in screening patients suspected with coronary artery disease (CAD). All these milestones are briefly described in this paper.
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Objective To explore the changes of appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, and to analyze the relationship between ASM changes and dietary intake.Methods One hundred and fourteen PD patients were enrolled in Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital using convenience sampling.At baseline, and 6 and 12 months after PD, bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to assess the body weight, total muscle mass, and ASM of these patients, and three-day food record was used to assess the dietary intake.Demographics and clinical data were also collected at baseline.Results Compared with baseline, the patients' ASM at 12 months after PD decreased significantly [(19.27 ± 5.59) kg vs.(25.65 ±6.09) kg, P =0.000], the dietary protein intake and energy intake decreased significantly [(0.85 ± 0.21) g/(kg · d) vs.(0.90 ± 0.27) g/(kg · d), P =0.038;(128.37 ± 26.67) kJ/(kg· d)vs.(137.27 ±29.23) kJ/(kg· d), P=0.001].The patients were divided into three groups based on ASM loss, the mean dietary protein intake of the top-loss 1/3 group was statistically lower than that of the bottom-loss 1/3 group [(0.82 ± 0.18) g/(kg · d) vs.(0.91 ± 0.20) g/(kg · d), P =0.021].Conclusions With the continuation of PD, ASM of patients may decrease, which is likely to be mainly related to deficiency in protein and energy intakes.Dietary management should be strengthened in PD patients to alleviate the loss of ASM.
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Objective To analyse clinical characteristics and etiology of inpatients with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Chenzhou area.Methods A total of 534 cases of inpatients with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Children′s Hospital,First People′s Hospital of Chenzhou City were selected from January to December 2012 and their clinical data were collected.The levels of total bilirubin,hu-man cytomegalovirus (HCMV)gene,and enzymatic activity of glucose-6-phos-phate dehydrogenase (G-6PD)were detected.And screening of hemolytic disease of newborn was carried out as well.Data were statistically analysed.Results Among these patients with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia,43 cases of neonatal patients were diagnosed with G-6PD deficiency(accounted for 8.0%),98 ca-ses of neonatal patients were diagnosed with ABO hemolytic disease(accounted for 18.4%),1 53 cases of neonatal patients were di-agnosed with HCMV infection(accounted for 28.6%)and 149 cases of neonatal patients were diagnosed with bacterial infections (accounted for 27.9%).Conclusion The main etiology of patients with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in this area is infectious factor. Strengthening monitoring bilirubin in neonatal patients,and analysing test results and etiology could effectively reduce damages in-duced by neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.