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Introduction: In areas with limited access to healthcare systems, Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) estimation is performed using predictive equations to calculate an individual's caloric requirement. One problem is that these equations were validated in populations with different characteristics from those in Latin America, such as race, height, or body mass, leading to potential errors in the prediction of this parameter. Objective: To determine the REE using predictive formulas compared with bioimpedance in Peruvians. Materials and methods: A comparative analytical cross-sectional study with secondary database analysis of the CRONICAS cohort. Results: we worked with a total of 666 subjects. The Mjeor equation was the one with the highest rating of 0.95, a lower mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 4.69%, and equivalence was found with the REE values. In the multiple regression, it was observed that the Mjeor equation was the one that least overestimated the REE, increasing 0.77 Kcal/day (95% CI: 0.769-0.814; p<0.001) for each point that increased the REE determined by bioimpedance. The strength of association between Mjeor and bioimpedance was 0.9037. Furthermore, in the regression of the data (weight, height, age) in the Mjeor equation it was observed that the coefficients obtained were the same as those used in the original equation. Conclusions: The Mjeor equation seems to be the most adequate to estimate the REE in the Peruvian population. Future prospective studies should confirm the usefulness of this formula with potential utility in primary health care(AU)
Introducción: En zonas con acceso limitado a sistemas de salud, la estimación del Gasto Energético en Reposo (GER) se realiza utilizando ecuaciones predictivas para calcular el requerimiento calórico de un individuo. Uno de los problemas es que estas ecuaciones fueron validadas en poblaciones con características diferentes a las latinoamericanas, como raza, talla o masa corporal, lo que conlleva a potenciales errores en la predicción de este parámetro. Objetivo: Determinar el GER mediante fórmulas predictivas comparadas con la bioimpedancia en peruanos. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal analítico comparativo con análisis secundario de base de datos de la cohorte CRONICAS. Resultados: Se trabajó con un total de 666 sujetos. La ecuación de Mjeor fue la que obtuvo la puntuación más alta de 0,95, un error medio porcentual absoluto (MAPE) inferior de 4,69%, y se encontró equivalencia con los valores del GER. En la regresión múltiple, se observó que la ecuación de Mjeor fue la que menos sobreestimó el GER, aumentando 0,77 Kcal/día (IC 95%: 0,769-0,814; p<0,001) por cada punto que aumentaba el GER determinado por bioimpedancia. La fuerza de asociación entre Mjeor y bioimpedancia fue de 0,9037. Además, en la regresión de los datos (peso, talla, edad) de la ecuación de Mjeor se observó que los coeficientes obtenidos eran los mismos que los utilizados en la ecuación original. Conclusiones: La ecuación de Mjeor parece ser la más adecuada para estimar el GER en la población peruana. Futuros estudios prospectivos deberán confirmar la utilidad de esta fórmula para su potencial utilidad en la atención primaria de salud(AU)
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Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , Electric Impedance , Energy Metabolism , Forecasting , Body Mass Index , Racial Groups , Diet , ObesityABSTRACT
La Tasa Metabólica en Reposo (TMR) suele calcularse utilizando ecuaciones de predicción por su fácil acceso y bajo costo. Sin embargo, estas ecuaciones no se encuentran validadas en población deportista con amputación. Objetivo: determinar la concordancia entre la medición de la TMR realizada por Calorimetría Indirecta (CI) y la calculada por ecuaciones de predicción en deportistas con amputación de miembros inferiores en Bogotá. Sujetos y métodos: Este estudio evaluó 16 deportistas adultos masculinos, con amputación de miembro inferior. La TMR se midió con CI y se calculó con las ecuaciones de predicción de Harris-Benedict, Cunningham, Mifflin -St. Jeor, Schofield y Oxford. Se utilizaron dos variables diferentes de masa corporal: masa corporal total (MCT) y masa magra (MM) determinada por Absorciometría de doble energía de rayos X (DEXA) y por el método antropométrico de fraccionamiento de masas en cinco componentes (5C). La concordancia se determinó a través del coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI) y se graficó mediante el método de Bland- Altman. Resultados y conclusión: La TMR determinada por la ecuación de Cunningham a partir de MM evaluada por DEXA, mostró la mejor concordancia con la CI (CCI= 0,709), seguida por Harris-Benedict con MCT (CCI= 0,697) y Cunningham con MM calculada por 5C (CCI= 0,693). La ecuación de Cunningham y Harris Benedict parecen ser las más adecuadas para calcular la TMR, sin embargo, se requieren más estudios con muestras mayores, lo cual permitirá obtener resultados más precisos.
Prediction equations for calculating resting metabolic rate (RMR) are widely used given their accessibility and low cost. However, they have not been yet validated in the amputee athlete population. Objective: to determine the concordance between the RMR measured by Indirect Calorimetry (IC) and that calculated by prediction equations in athletes with lower limb amputation in Bogota. Subjects and methods: sixteen adult male athletes with lower limb amputation were included. The RMR was measured with IC and calculated with the Harris-Benedict, Cunningham, Mifflin-St. Jeor, Schofield, and Oxford prediction equations. Three different body mass variables were used: total body mass (TBM) and lean body mass (LBM) determined by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) and by the anthropometric method of mass fractionation into five components (5C). The agreement was determined by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and plotted using the Bland-Altman method. Results and conclusions: RMR determined by the Cunningham equation from LBM assessed by DEXA showed the best agreement with CI (ICC= 0.709), followed by Harris-Benedict with MCT (ICC= 0.697) and Cunningham with LBM calculated by 5C (ICC= 0.693). The Cunningham and Harris-Benedict equation seems to be the most suitable for calculating RMR. However, more studies with larger samples are needed to obtain more accurate results.
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OBJECTIVE@#To determine the thermic effect of food (TEF) in a Chinese mixed diet in young people.@*METHODS@#During the study, the participants were weighed and examined for body composition every morning. The total energy expenditure (TEE) of the participants was measured by the doubly labeled water method for 7 days, and during this period, basal energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry and physical activity energy expenditure was measured by an accelerometer. The value obtained by subtracting basal energy expenditure and physical activity energy expenditure from TEE was used to calculate TEF.@*RESULTS@#Twenty healthy young students (18-30 years; 10 male) participated in the study. The energy intake of the participants was not significantly different from the Chinese Dietary Reference Intake of energy ( P > 0.05). The percentage of energy from protein, fat and carbohydrate were all in the normal range. The intakes of fruits, milk and dietary fiber of the participants were significantly lower than those in the Chinese Dietary Guidelines ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the body weight of the participants during the experiment ( P > 0.05). When adjusted for body weight, there was no significant difference in either TEE or basal energy expenditure between the male and female participants ( P > 0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference in physical activity energy expenditure and TEF between the male and female participants ( P > 0.05). The percentage of TEF in TEE was 8.73%.@*CONCLUSION@#The percentage of TEF in TEE in a Chinese mixed diet in young people was significantly lower than 10% ( P < 0.001). A value of 10% is usually considered to be the TEF in mixed diets as a percentage of TEE.
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Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Adult , Body Composition , Body Weight , Diet , East Asian People , Energy Intake , Energy Metabolism , ExerciseABSTRACT
Objective: To compare the differences to determine resting energy expenditure (REE) measured with indirect calorimetry and REE predicted by formula method and body composition analyzer in patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis, so as to provide theoretical guidance for the implementation of precision nutrition intervention. Methods: Patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis who were admitted to Henan Provincial People's Hospital from April 2020 to December 2020 were collected. REE was determined by the body composition analyzer and the H-B formula method. Results: were analyzed and compared to REE measured by the metabolic cart. Results A total of 57 cases with liver cirrhosis were included in this study. Among them, 42 were male, aged (47.93 ± 8.62) years, and 15 were female aged (57.20 ± 11.34) years. REE measured value in males was (1 808.14 ± 201.47) kcal/d, compared with the results calculated by the H-B formula method and the measured result of body composition, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.002 and 0.003, respectively). REE measured value in females was (1 496.60 ± 131.28) kcal/d, compared with the results calculated by the H-B formula method and the measured result of body composition, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.016 and 0.004, respectively). REE measured with the metabolic cart had correlation with age and area of visceral fat in men (P = 0.021) and women (P = 0.037). Conclusion: Metabolic cart use will be more accurate to obtain resting energy expenditure in patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis. Body composition analyzer and formula method may underestimate REE predictions. Simultaneously, it is suggested that the effect of age on REE in H-B formula should be fully considered for male patients, while the area of visceral fat may have a certain impact on the interpretation of REE in female patients.
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Humans , Male , Female , Energy Metabolism , Liver Cirrhosis/metabolism , Calorimetry, Indirect/methods , HospitalizationABSTRACT
In the management of obesity, aside from lifestyle interventions and surgery, pharmacotherapy is the most important choice. In recent years, research on the mechanisms of obesity and weight-loss drugs has been advancing rapidly. Exploring drugs that increase energy expenditure from the perspective of energy balance is beneficial for making clinical decisions based on the mechanisms of drugs and clinical needs in order to treat obesity effectively and improve the quality of life.
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Objective:To explore the correlation between muscle CT measurement parameters, energy expenditure and acute exacerbation in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods:The clinical data of 146 patients with stable COPD from March 2020 to November 2021 in Lu′an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University (Lu′an People′s Hospital) were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical data were recorded; the lung function was measured by bronchodilator test. The cross-sectional area and CT value of the pectoral muscle were measured by reconstructed CT images of the mediastinum; the total energy consumption was calculated by Weir formula. Acute exacerbations within 3 and 12 months were recorded. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors for acute exacerbation in patients with stable COPD. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the efficacy of total energy expenditure, pectoral muscle cross-sectional area and pectoral muscle CT value for predicting acute exacerbation in patients with stable COPD.Results:Among 146 patients with stable COPD, 38 cases (26.03%) developed acute exacerbation within 3 months (acute exacerbation group), and 108 cases (73.97%) did not develop acute exacerbation (non-acute exacerbation group). The proportion of age<60 years old, rate of acute exacerbation within 12 months and rate of pulmonary function grading Ⅲ to Ⅳ in acute exacerbation group were significantly higher than those in non-acute exacerbation group: 71.05% (27/38) vs. 47.22% (51/108), 52.63% (20/38) vs. 30.56% (33/108) and 63.16% (24/38) vs. 37.96% (41/108), the total energy consumption, pectoral muscle cross-sectional area and pectoral muscle CT value were significantly lower than those in non-acute exacerbation group: (2 036.28 ± 163.13) J/d vs. (2 389.59 ± 204.71) J/d, (28.79 ± 3.45) cm 2 vs. (31.61 ± 4.56) cm 2 and (29.79 ± 3.06) HU vs. (34.52 ± 4.38) HU, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05 or <0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis result showed that age ≥60 years old, lower total energy expenditure, smaller pectoral muscle cross-sectional area and lower pectoral muscle CT value were independent risk factors for acute exacerbation in patients with stable COPD ( OR = 26.493, 1.015, 1.245 and 1.437; 95% CI 3.745 to 187.405, 1.008 to 1.022, 1.002 to 1.546 and 1.109 to 1.861; P<0.01 or <0.05). The ROC curve analysis result showed that combined prediction of the total energy consumption, pectoral muscle cross-sectional area and pectoral muscle CT value for acute exacerbation in patients with stable COPD had the largest area under the curve (0.962), with a sensitivity of 86.1%, a specificity of 80.8%, and the optimal cutoff values of 2 206.12 J/d, 32.39 cm 2 and 31.63 HU, respectively. Conclusions:The elderly age, smaller pectoral muscle cross-sectional area, lower pectoral muscle CT value and lower total energy expenditure are independent risk factors for acute exacerbation in patients with stable COPD. The combination of pectoral muscle cross-sectional area, pectoral muscle CT value and total energy expenditure has a good predictive effect on the risk of acute exacerbation in patients with stable COPD, and relevant indexes can be paid attention to in clinical treatment.
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Objective:To investigate the characteristics of resting energy expenditure (REE) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) graded with different levels of Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), and to evaluate the accuracy and association of commonly used REE prediction formulas in children with CP.Methods:It was a retrospective study involving 36 children with CP aged 24-144 months who visited the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between September 2021 and August 2022.REE was measured by the indirect calorimetry.Based on the GMFCS, children with CP were divided into grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ group (20 cases), grade Ⅲ group (6 cases) and grade Ⅳ-Ⅴ group(10 cases). During the same period, 11 age-matched healthy children were included in control group.The measured REE (MREE) between children with CP and healthy controls was compared.Predicted REE (PREE) calculated by the Harris-Benedict, WHO, Schofield-W, Schofield-WH and Oxford prediction formulas were compared with MREE in children for their consistency and correlation.Independent samples were analyzed using t-test or Mann- Whitney U test, and categorical data were analyzed using Chi- square test.Using paired t-test and Pearson linear correlation analysis to analyze the correlation between MREE and PREE.The accuracy of PREE values calculated by different formulas was assessed using the root mean square error. Results:The MREE in control group and children with CP were (952.18±270.56) kcal/d and (801.81±201.89) kcal/d, respectively.There was no significant difference in the MREE between grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ group versus control group[(868.30±194.81) kcal/d vs.(952.18±270.56) kcal/d, P>0.05], and grade Ⅲ group versus control group [(813.17±192.48) kcal/d vs.(952.18±270.56) kcal/d, P>0.05]. The MREE was significantly lower in grade Ⅳ-Ⅴ group than that of control group [666.00(513.50, 775.50) kcal/d vs.(952.18±270.56) kcal/d, P=0.011]. There were no significant difference between MREE and PREEs calculated by Harris-Benedict, WHO, Schofield-W, Schofield-WH, and Oxford (all P>0.05). The correct classification fraction calculated by the 5 formulas were 33.3%, 47.2%, 41.7%, 47.2%, and 41.7%, respectively.The r values of the consistency of PREE calculated by the 5 formulas were 0.585, 0.700, 0.703, 0.712, and 0.701, respectively.The Blande-Altman Limits of Agreement were (-297.77, 359.22), (-245.60, 326.94), (-250.62, 316.05), (-242.22, 177.36) and (-241.28, 325.81), respectively.The clinically acceptable range was -80.18 to 80.18 kcal/d.The root mean square error were 168.09 kcal/d, 149.64 kcal/d, 146.24 kcal/d, 144.23 kcal/d and 148.77 kcal/d, respectively. Conclusions:The MREE values decreased significantly in children with CP classified as CMFCS grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ.When REE cannot be regularly monitored by indirect calorimetry to develop nutritional support programs, children with CP may be prioritized to estimate REE using the prediction formula of Schofield-WH.
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Abstract Objective: Resting energy expenditure (REE) decreases if there is reduced energy intake and body weight (BW). The decrease in REE could make it difficult for patients with obesity to maintain decreased BW. This study aimed to investigate the correlation among changes in REE, energy intake, and BW during the weight loss process in patients with obesity. Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients hospitalized for the treatment of obesity in Japan. Patients received fully controlled diet during hospitalization and performed exercises if able. REE was measured once a week using a hand-held indirect calorimetry. Energy intake was determined by actual dietary intake. Results: Of 44 inpatients with obesity, 17 were included in the analysis. Their BW decreased significantly after 1 week (−4.7 ± 2.0 kg, P < 0.001) and 2 weeks (−5.7 ± 2.2 kg, P < 0.001). The change in REE after 1 and 2 weeks was positively correlated with the energy intake/energy expenditure ratio (r = 0.66, P = 0.004 at 1 week, r = 0.71, P = 0.002 at 2 weeks). Using a regression equation (y = 0.5257x - 43.579), if the energy intake/energy expenditure ratio within the second week was 82.9%, the REE after 2 weeks was similar to the baseline level. There was no significant correlation between the change in REE and BW. Conclusions: Our data suggest that changes in REE depend on energy intake/energy expenditure ratio and that the decrease in REE can be minimized by matching energy intake to energy expenditure, even during the weight loss process.
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ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of the current study was to estimate energy expenditure and compare it with the usual food consumption of PLWH, and to determine whether duration of high-potency antiretroviral therapy (HAART) influenced nutritional intake and adequacy. Materials and methods: Anthropometric measurements and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) provided data for estimating resting energy expenditure (REE) using Melchior's equations. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) and 24-Hour Recall were used to verify if reported food intake aligned with energy, macro and micronutrient recommendations. Results: Sixty one patients with a mean age of 52 ± 9.4 years and who had a high frequency of diabetes mellitus (24.5%), hypertension (54%), and dyslipidemia (90.1%) were evaluated. Estimated REE of female and male patients with less than 10 years of HAART was 1791 (1717.5; 1887.2) and 1941 (1808; 2335.6), and their estimated energy intake was 900.5 (847;1221.9) and 2095.4 (1297.5; 2496.4), respectively. The estimated REE for female and male patients with more than 10 years of HAART was 1796.20 (1598.9;1820.7) and 2105 (1913.4; 2308), and their estimated energy intake was 1566 (1353.1; 1764.3) and 1999.7 (1706.5; 2508.1), respectively. Being on HAART for more than 10 years was associated with increased energy intake (533 (95% CI 3; 1063) kcals), but not with meeting energy requirements. Conclusion: Patients had an atherogenic metabolic profile, inadequate dietary pattern, and a similar REE, regardless of HAART duration, contributing even more to the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.
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ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to assess the agreement between the total energy expenditure (TEE) estimated by the activPAL® triaxial accelerometers (ACC) and the TEE measured by the doubly labeled water method (DLW), as well as to assess if these values differ between the classifications of body mass index (BMI). Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Low-income adult women (19-45y) with BMI ≥ 18.5 kg/m2 were included. Accelerometry data (activPAL®) were collected over 7 consecutive days, which were used to calculate TEE-ACC and compared with DLW data. The Bland-Altman method, concordance correlation coefficient and root mean square error were used to assess agreement between methods. Results: The sample consisted of 55 women with a mean age of 31 ± 5 years. The agreement between TEE-ACC and TEE-DLW showed a bias of -142.5 kcal (-7.1%). Among the BMI classifications, participants with normal weight show a bias of -417.1 kcal (-21.0%), participants with overweight, -87.5 kcal (-3.9%) and participants with obesity, 97.5 kcal (4.3%). Furthermore, the bias between the methods showed a significant and positive correlation with the body weight (r = 0.49; p < 0.01). Conclusion: The TEE-ACC estimates from activPAL® were reasonably accurate when compared to the TEE-DLW, especially in women with overweight and obesity, being much less accurate in individuals with normal weight.
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A obesidade é uma doença crônica, multifatorial, que afeta todas as idades e classes sociais. Esta comorbidade tem avançado em decorrência de diversos fatores e sua prevalência está ancorada em diferentes dimensões como as biológicas, sociais, históricas, comportamentais, saúde pública e política. O presente estudo tem como objetivo caracterizar o gene da leptina, seu produto e de seus receptores, assim como os mecanismos que corroboram com o desenvolvimento da obesidade e seu envolvimento com distúrbios alimentares. A leptina é uma proteína secretada principalmente nos adipócitos, ela reduz o apetite por meio da inibição da formação de neuropeptídeos relacionados ao apetite, como o neuropeptídeo Y e eleva a expressão de neuropeptídeos anorexígenos, como o hormônio liberador de corticotropina, por isso que os altos níveis de leptina reduzem a ingestão alimentar, em contraste com os níveis baixos que induzem hiperfagia. Como a leptina realiza o controle da saciedade e regulação do gasto energético, o indivíduo com disfunção neste gene não desenvolve essa função corretamente. Isso se deve aos SNPs, que de acordo com estudos aumentam a susceptibilidade à obesidade. Além do mais, a leptina pode estar envolvida com processo patológico de alguns distúrbios alimentares, predispondo o paciente às condições como anorexia nervosa e bulimia.
Obesity is a chronic, multifactorial disease that affects all ages and social classes. This comorbidity has advanced as a result of several factors and its prevalence is anchored in different dimensions such as biological, social, historical, behavioral, public health and political. The present study aims to characterize the leptin gene, its product and its receptors, as well as the mechanisms that corroborate the development of obesity and its involvement with eating disorders. Leptin is a protein secreted mainly in adipocytes, it reduces appetite by inhibiting the formation of appetite-related neuropeptides such as neuropeptide Y and elevates the expression of anorexic neuropeptides such as corticotropin-releasing hormone, so high levels of leptin reduce dietary intake, in contrast to low levels that induce hyperphagia. As leptin performs satiety control and regulation of energy expenditure, the individual with dysfunction in this gene does not develop this function properly. This is due to SNPs, which according to studies increase susceptibility to obesity. Furthermore, leptin may be involved with the pathological process of some eating disorders, predisposing the patient to conditions such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia.
La obesidad es una enfermedad crónica multifactorial que afecta a todas las edades y clases sociales. Esta comorbilidad ha avanzado como resultado de diversos factores y su prevalencia está anclada en diferentes dimensiones, como la biológica, la social, la histórica, la conductual, la salud pública y la política. El objetivo de este estudio es caracterizar el gen de la leptina, su producto y sus receptores, así como los mecanismos que corroboran el desarrollo de la obesidad y su participación en los trastornos alimentarios. La leptina es una proteína secretada principalmente en los adipocitos, reduce el apetito inhibiendo la formación de neuropéptidos relacionados con el apetito, como el neuropéptido Y y eleva la expresión de neuropéptidos anorexógenos, como la hormona que libera la corticotropina, razón por la cual los altos niveles de leptina reducen la ingesta dietética, en contraste con los bajos niveles inducir hiperagia. Como la leptina lleva a cabo el control de la saciedad y la regulación del gasto energético, el individuo con disfunción en este gen no desarrolla esta función correctamente. Esto se debe a los SNP, que según los estudios aumentan la susceptibilidad a la obesidad. Además, la leptina puede estar implicada en el proceso patológico de algunos trastornos alimentarios, predisponiéndose al paciente a condiciones tales como anorexia nerviosa y bulimia.
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Physical activity and exercise for older helps improve mental and physical health, both of which will help you maintain your independence as you age. This study aimed find the type and level of physical activity and energy expenditure from physical activities done by older adults. 42 participants were approached from different residential area of Surat and IPAQ (Guajarati) was used to measure Physical activity in adults and for energy expenditure. Energy expenditure was measured by using equation EE = MET x 3.5 x Weight (kilograms)/200. For total vigorous activity PA ± EE were 7260 (MET-min/week) ± 648.75 (Kcal/week), total moderate activity PA was 72382.5 (MET-min/week) and EE was 624 (Kcal/week), total walking activity PA and EE were 31775 (MET-min/week) and 404.49 (Kcal/week) respectively, total sitting activity PA ± EE were 136800 (MET-min/week) ± 96.12 (Kcal/week) and total driving activity PA and EE were 5410 (MET-min/week) and 96.11 (Kcal/week) respectively. In older adults, sitting and walking have found most common type of PA with less EE and more EE found with less vigorous and moderate activity.
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Background: Walking in high-heeled shoes is widespread dress behavior of women of modern society. It increases lower limb muscles activity and energy cost. The need to generate larger muscular forces during walking increases the metabolic demand, thus oxygen consumption (VO2) is increased when wearing high heels. Aims and Objectives: To access effect of high-heeled shoes on Energy Expenditure (EE) and VO2 in Healthy Young female. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among fifty apparently healthy female students between the ages of 20 and 26 yrs. Resting arterial blood pressure and heart rate (HR), VO2, heat production, and EE were recorded. Then, subjects walked barefooted a distance of 76.5 meters in 2 min. Following the barefooted walk, cardiac and metabolic parameter were recorded again. The subjects walked 76.5 meters in high-heeled shoes of 2, 4, and 6 inches. These parameters were recorded immediately after 76.5 meters of walking in high-heeled shoes. Results: The results from the present study indicate that walking a distance of 76.5 meters barefooted resulted in a significant increase only in mean arterial pressure, HR and rate pressure product. The EE and VO2 after walking a distance of 76.5 meters in high-heeled shoes of 2, 4, and 6 inches heel heights was significantly higher than walking a distance of 76.5 meters barefooted. Conclusion: Walking barefooted required lesser effort than walking in high-heeled shoes of different heel heights. Effort should therefore be made to encourage women to reconsider the habitual use of high-heeled shoes.
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Resumen Objetivo: determinar el gasto energético y el tiempo dedicado a actividad física en condición de vida libre de escolares costarricenses con sobrepeso u obesidad. Metodología: participaron 31 niños y 13 niñas entre 6 y 9 años (7.6 ± 1.03 años) con sobrepeso u obesidad, estado nutricional que se estableció según el IMC. Las variables del estudio fueron la antropometría, el porcentaje de grasa corporal (%GC), el gasto energético total producto de la actividad física a lo largo del día (GEAF total diario), el gasto energético por actividad física (GEAF) y el tiempo dedicado a la actividad física (TAF), las dos últimas se estimaron según condición sedentaria, ligera, moderada o vigorosa, por medio del acelerómetro Actiheart. Resultados: la talla y el %GC fueron significativamente mayores en las niñas (126.8 ± 5.9 cm, 34.0 ± 6.4 %GC) que en los niños (123.0 ± 5.4 cm, 25.2 ± 6.9 %GC). Los niños registraron un GEAF total diario de 824 ± 228.1 kcal/day, GEAF moderada + vigorosa de 285.6 ± 131.7 kcal/day y un TAF moderada + vigorosa de 147.0 ± 66.6 min, valores superiores (p<0.05) a los de las niñas 395 ± 144.4 kcal/day, 139.6 ± 90.1 kcal/day y 75.6 ± 43.2 min, respectivamente. Conclusiones: los escolares cumplen más de los 60 min/día recomendados de TAF de moderada a vigorosa intensidad, sin embargo, el GEAF de moderada a vigorosa intensidad no alcanza el mínimo de 300 kcal/día para la reducción de peso, lo cual podría ser una de las causas del sobrepeso.
Abstract Objective: To determine the energy expenditure and time spent on physical activities in Costa Rican overweight or obese schoolchildren in free-living conditions. Methodology: Participants were 31 boys and 13 girls aged 6 to 9 years old (7.6 ± 1.03 years) with overweight or obesity; nutritional status was established by BMI. The variables of the study were: anthropometric, body fat percentage (%BF), total energy expenditure product of physical activity performed during the day (EEPA daily total), plus the energy expenditure by physical activity (EEPA), and time spent on physical activity (TPA), both variables in sedentary condition, light, moderate and vigorous intensity estimated by the Actiheart accelerometer. Results: Size and %BF were significantly higher in girls (126.8 ± 5.9 cm, 34.0 ± 6.4% BF) than in boys (123.0 ± 5.4 cm, 25.2 ± 6.9% BF). Boys recorded a daily total EEPA of 824 ± 228.1 kcal / day, moderate + vigorous EEPA 285.6 ± 131.7 kcal / day and a moderate + vigorous TPA 147.0 ± 66.6 min; significantly higher (P <0.05) than girls 395 ± 144.4 kcal / day, 139.6 ± 90.1 kcal / day and 75.6 ± 43.2 min respectively . Conclusions: Schoolchildren perform over 60 min/day moderate to vigorous intensity PA recommended, however; the EEPA moderate to vigorous intensity does not meet the minimum recommendation of 300 kcal / day for weight reduction. This could be one of the causes for overweight schoolchildren.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Exercise , Energy Metabolism , Obesity Management , Costa Rica , AccelerometryABSTRACT
RESUMEN Objetivo: Comparar los efectos agudos del ejercicio aeróbico en ayuno y postprandial sobre la utilización de carbohidratos y grasas de hombres sedentarios con sobrepeso y obesidad. Métodos: Diseño cuantitativo, experimental, randomizado, cruzado. Siete hombres adultos (37,9 ± 2,4 años), sedentarios, con sobrepeso u obesidad (índice de masa corporal= 29,3 ± 1,9 kg/m2). Todos realizaron 60 min de ejercicio aeróbico al 50% de potencia aeróbica máxima tanto en ayuno (FASTED) como postprandial (FED), iniciando aleatoriamente. En cada oportunidad se midieron la tasa de intercambio respiratorio (RER) mediante calorimetría indirecta basal, durante, y después del ejercicio; glicemia, cuerpos cetónicos, lactato capilares basales, pre-inicio, post inmediato, y 40 minutos post ejercicio. La utilización de carbohidratos y grasas fue estimada desde el RER según ecuaciones estequiométricas. Resultados: Durante el ejercicio no hubo diferencias significativas en utilización de sustratos entre FASTED y FED. Posterior al ejercicio sólo FASTED tuvo aumento (p<0,05) en oxidación de grasas relativo al peso corporal (Pre 0,010 ± 0,006 kJ/min/kg vs Post 0,020 ± 0,014 kJ/min/kg), oxidación de carbohidratos (Pre 0,060 ± 0,010 kJ/min/kg vs Post 0,070 ± 0,012 kJ/min/kg), y gasto energético total (Pre 0,070 ± 0,017 kJ/min/kg vs Post 0,090 ± 0,028 kJ/min/kg). No hubo diferencias en FED, ni entre FASTED y FED. Conclusión: El ejercicio aeróbico moderado en ayuno aumenta la oxidación de grasas y carbohidratos posterior a la sesión en hombres con sobrepeso y obesidad. Esto podría ser útil para su prescripción en pacientes sedentarios con exceso de peso.
ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare the acute effects of fasting and postprandial aerobic exercise on carbohydrate and fat utilization in sedentary overweight and obese men. Methods: Quantitative, experimental, randomized, crossover design. Seven sedentary, overweight or obese (body mass index [BMI]= 29.3 ± 1.9 kg/m2) adult men (37.9 ± 2.4 years) performed 60 min of aerobic exercise at 50% of maximal aerobic power both fasting (FASTED) and postprandial (FED). The first exercise type was randomly assigned. We measured the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) by basal indirect calorimetry during and after exercise; glycemia, ketone bodies and capillary lactate at baseline, pre-start, immediately and 40 minutes post exercise were measured in each exercise protocol. Oxidation of carbohydrates and fats was estimated from the RER according to stoichiometric equations. Results: During exercise there were no significant differences in the use of substrates between FASTED and FED. After exercise, only FASTED had an increase (p<0.05) in fat oxidation relative to body (Pre 0.010 ± 0.006 kJ/min/kg vs Post 0.020 ± 0.014 kJ/min/kg), carbohydrate oxidation (Pre 0.060 ± 0.010 kJ/min/kg vs Post 0.070 ± 0.012 kJ/min/kg), and total energy expenditure (Pre 0.070 ± 0.017 kJ/min/kg vs Post 0.090 ± 0.028 kJ/min/kg). There were no differences in FED, nor significant differences between FASTED and FED. Conclusion: Moderate aerobic fasting exercise increases post-session fat and carbohydrate oxidation in overweight and obese men. This could be useful for application in sedentary patients with excess weight.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Aim: This study determined the energy expenditure and effort intensity of athletes during women's artistic gymnastics training sessions. Methods: Ten gymnasts (age 10.9 ± 1.7 years) performed a test to estimate the maximum rate of oxygen uptake (VO2max), during which the maximum heart rate (HRmax) was also obtained. The heart rate (HR) of these gymnasts was recorded during five training sessions and then used to estimate the exercise intensity and energy expenditure. Results: Mean duration of training sessions was 4.08 ± 0.42 h, with mean HR corresponding to 137 ± 8 bpm or 69.0 ± 3.5% of HRmax. Gymnasts spent less training time at 90-100% HRmax compared to the other HR ranges (p < 0.05). Time spent at 60-70% and 70-80% was higher compared to 80-90% HRmax (p = 0.012 and p = 0.001, respectively). The training impulse was 239.2 ± 35.4 AU. Estimated energy expenditure was 768.3 ± 168.5 kcal, metabolic rate was 3.1 ± 0.6 kcal/min, and the metabolic equivalent of task (MET) corresponded to 6.1 ± 0.6. Conclusion: Young gymnasts performed prolonged and moderate-intensity training sessions that generated high energetic demands. This information is beneficial to gymnasts since the coaching team can use the data to control the training load and prescribe a proper diet.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Adolescent , Exercise/physiology , Energy Metabolism/physiology , Physical Exertion/physiology , Athletes , Gymnastics/physiologyABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: el desempeño laboral en algunos puestos de trabajo, determina un alto nivel de carga física por parte de los trabajadores, por lo que se impone la necesidad de disponer de una adecuada dieta alimentaria para mantener la salud física y mental. Objetivo: se desarrolló una investigación para diseñar una dieta alimentaria para soldadores y paileros a partir del gasto energético en actividades laborales. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio de campo que partió de una muestra no probabilística de soldadores y paileros de la Empresa Industrial Ferroviaria José Valdés Reyes. Se ejecutó un procedimiento que permitió la determinación de la dieta alimentaria de los trabajadores a partir del gasto energético de las actividades que desarrollan. Se aplicaron ciertas técnicas de observación directa, entrevistas, tormenta de ideas, medición directa de variables fisiológicas y ecuaciones para el cálculo del gasto energético. Resultados: se diseñaron tres variantes de dietas ajustadas al gasto energético de tres puestos de trabajo de la mencionada empresa. Conclusiones: se espera que la aplicación de las dietas diseñadas contribuya a mantener una buena salud de los trabajadores de esos puestos de trabajo (AU).
ABSTRACT Introduction: the working performance of certain jobs determines a high level of physical load from the part of the workers, for what the necessity is imposed of having an appropriate food diet to preserve the physical and mental health. Objective: to design a food diet for welders and smiths starting from the energy expense in working activities. Materials and methods: a field study was carried out starting from a probabilistic sample of welders and smiths from the Industrial Railroad Enterprise Jose Valdes Reyes. A procedure was performed allowing to determine the energy expenditure of the activities they develop. Several techniques like direct observation, interviews, brain storm, direct measure of physiological variable and equations were used to calculate the energy expenditure. Results: three diet variants were designed adjusted to the energy expenditure of the three working places of the before mentioned enterprise. Conclusions: it is expected the application of the designed diets will contribute to keeping good health of the workers in those working places (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Diet Therapy/methods , Diet, Food, and Nutrition , Occupational Groups/classification , Energy Consumption/methods , Motor Activity/physiology , Occupational Health Services/methods , Occupational Health Services/trendsABSTRACT
Resumen Montoya Arroyo, J.A., Ramírez Cambronero, J y Aragón Vargas, L.F. (2021). Medición del gasto energético real por usar un producto comercial para ejercitarse en el hogar. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(1), 1-11. La evidencia sobre la importancia de ejercitarse regularmente es abrumadora. Muchas personas, conscientes de ello, recurren a las soluciones simples y atractivas que se les venden por televisión. Lamentablemente, muchos países no tienen reglamentación estricta para valorar las afirmaciones que hacen los productos comerciales; más aún, los requisitos para la evaluación científica de los productos relacionados con el ejercicio parecieran no existir. Cada vez que una persona compra un equipo para ejercitarse y poco después decide renunciar al ejercicio por la falta de resultados positivos, se da un paso hacia atrás en la salud pública. El propósito de este estudio fue medir el gasto energético inducido por utilizar un artículo comercialmente disponible para ejercitarse en casa y contrastarla con su publicidad. Se utilizaron distintos métodos de campo y laboratorio para medir el gasto energético de 27 estudiantes jóvenes, aparentemente saludables (15F, 12M; 19.1 ± 1.0 años; 1.647 ± .073 m; 63.09 ± 10.13 kg; M ± DT) mientras descansaban en posición decúbito supino durante diez minutos y mientras utilizaban la máquina para ejercitarse 10 minutos a intensidad intermedia. Ninguno de los métodos utilizados registró un gasto energético bruto superior a 272 kJ (65 kcal) en 10 min de actividad; el consumo de oxígeno durante el esfuerzo fue equivalente a 1.54 ± .23 MET, que corresponden a 23.4 ± 9.2 kJ (5.6 ± 2.2 kcal) de gasto neto o 70.3 ± 11.7 kJ (16.8 ± 2.8 kcal) de gasto bruto. En contraste, el gasto energético bruto reportado en el comercial del producto es de 277 kcal (1159 kJ) para 10 min. En conclusión, el gasto energético neto real es 1/50 (dos centésimas) del gasto energético presentado en la publicidad.
Abstract Montoya Arroyo, J.A., Ramírez Cambronero, J & Aragón Vargas, L.F. (2021). Measurement of actual energy expenditure when using a commercial device for exercising at home. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(1), 1-11. The evidence on the importance of regular exercise is overwhelming. Awareness of this fact leads many people to resort to simple, attractive solutions marketed through TV. Many countries, unfortunately, lack strict regulations to assess the claims made by commercial items. Moreover, it would seem that requirements for scientific evaluation of exercise-related products do not exist at all. Every time someone purchases exercising equipment and shortly afterwards decides to give up working out because no positive results can be seen, one step backwards is taken in public health. The purpose of this study was to measure the actual energy expenditure induced by using a commercially available device for exercising at home and compare it to the claims made about it in advertising. Various field and laboratory methods were used to measure the energy expenditure of 27 young, apparently healthy students (15F, 12 M; 19.1 ± 1.0 years old; 1.647 ± .073 m; 63.09 ± 10.13 kg; mean ± SD) while they were resting for 10 minutes in supine position, and then while working out on the equipment at medium speed for 10 minutes. None of the methods used showed a gross energy expenditure above 272 kJ (65 kcal) in 10 min activity. Oxygen consumption during stress was equivalent to 1.54 ± .23 MET, corresponding to 23.4 ± 9.2 kJ (5.6 ± 2.2 kcal) net expenditure, or 70.3 ± 11.7 kJ (16.8 ± 2.8 kcal) gross expenditure. In contrast, the gross energy expenditure reported in the equipment's commercial is 277 kcal (1159 kJ) for 10 min. In conclusion, the actual net energy expenditure is 1/50 (two hundredths) the energy expenditure being claimed in the advertisements.
Resumo Montoya Arroyo, J.A., Ramírez Cambronero, J e Aragón Vargas, L.F. (2021). Medição do gasto energético real ao usar um produto comercial para exercitar-se em casa. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(1), 1-11. A evidência sobre a importância da prática contínua do exercício físico é indiscutível. Muitas pessoas, conscientes disso, recorrem a soluções simples e atraentes vendidas pela televisão. Infelizmente, muitos países não têm regulamentações estritas para validar as afirmações que os produtos comerciais fazem; mais ainda, as exigências para a avaliação científica dos produtos relacionados com o exercício parecem não existir. Toda vez que uma pessoa compra um equipamento para se exercitar e pouco depois decide renunciar ao exercício pela falta de resultados positivos é um retrocesso para a saúde pública. Este estudo teve como propósito medir o gasto energético provocado pelo uso de um item comercialmente disponível para fazer exercício em casa e contrastá-lo com sua publicidade. Foram utilizados distintos métodos de campo e laboratório para medir o gasto energético de 27 estudantes jovens, aparentemente saudáveis (15F, 12M; 19,1 ± 1,0 anos; 1,647 ± 0,073 m; 63,09 ± 10,13 kg; M ± DT) enquanto descansavam na posição decúbito dorsal durante dez minutos e enquanto utilizavam a máquina para se exercitar por 10 minutos na intensidade média. Nenhum dos métodos utilizados registrou um gasto energético bruto superior a 272 kJ (65 kcal) em 10 min de atividade; o consumo de oxigênio durante o esforço foi equivalente a 1,54 ± 0,23 MET, correspondente a 23,4 ± 9,2 kJ (5,6 ± 2,2 kcal) de gasto líquido ou 70,3 ± 11,7 kJ (16,8 ± 2,8 kcal) de gasto bruto. Em contraste, o gasto energético bruto informado no comercial do produto é de 277 kcal (1159 kJ) para 10 min. Para concluir, o gasto energético líquido real é 1/50 (dois centésimos) do gasto energético apresentado na publicidade.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Obesity Agents , Energy Metabolism/drug effects , ExerciseABSTRACT
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) is an effective strategy for managing sarcopenia in the elderly, but few studies have addressed PA levels regarding age-related changes. OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the effects of elderly women's PA levels on sarcopenia, physical performance, handgrip strength and perception of the risk of falling, and their relationship with energy expenditure. DESIGN AND SETTING: Observational cross-sectional study conducted in the southern region of the city of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Forty-seven elderly women were evaluated and divided into three groups: low PA (n = 13); moderate PA (n = 16); and high PA (n = 18). Their PA levels were investigated through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ); sarcopenia index, through dual-energy radiological absorptiometry; physical performance through the Timed Up & Go test; handgrip strength, using a digital dynamometer; and perception of the risk of falling, through the Fall Risk Awareness Questionnaire. RESULTS: High PA level indicated higher skeletal muscle mass index, physical performance and IPAQ score, compared with low and moderate PA levels. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that higher IPAQ energy expenditure at high and moderate PA levels was a good predictor of higher physical performance and increased perception of the risk of falling. CONCLUSION: Elderly women classified as having high PA level showed improvements in sarcopenia, handgrip strength, physical performance and perception of the risk of falling. The IPAQ energy expenditure of the elderly women with high and moderate PA levels was a good predictor of physical performance and improved perception of the risk of falling.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Accidental Falls/prevention & control , Sarcopenia , Perception , Exercise , Cross-Sectional Studies , Muscle, Skeletal , Hand Strength , Energy Metabolism , Muscle StrengthABSTRACT
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently considered a global public health problem, with changes in lifestyle being the effective way to treat the disease. To date, there is no recommended standard of assessment to determine the resting energy expenditure (REE) of patients with NAFLD, so that dietary therapy can be properly guided. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the REE of patients with NAFLD through indirect calorimetry and compare with different predictive formulas of REE and with REE by electrical bioimpedance analysis (BIA). Assess body composition through BIA, with NAFLD staging and the presence of comorbidities. METHODS: They were evaluated in patients with NAFLD over 18 years of age treated at the Gastroenterology outpatient clinic of a tertiary level hospital in southern Brazil. NAFLD staging was performed using liver biopsy or a non-invasive method. Weight, height and body mass index (BMI) were determined in all patients. The short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to assess physical activity. Comorbidities as arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia were evaluated. To estimate energy expenditure at rest, Harris-Benedict, Jeor Mifflin-St, World Health Organization and Schofield formulas were used. BIA was used to assess resting metabolic rate (RMR) and body mass, and to measure RMR, indirect calorimetry was also used. Associations between categorical variables were tested with Pearson's χ2 test and between groups with McNemar's test. The level of significance assumed was 5%. The degree of agreement between the REE measurement methods was assessed using the Blan-Altman test. RESULTS: A total of 67 patients were evaluated, 70.5% male, with a mean age of 59 years and a mean BMI of 33.08 kg/m2 ±5.13. The average RMR per CI was 1,753 kcal ±614.58. When comparing the RMR estimate by different formulas with indirect calorimetry, only the Jeor Mifflin-St formula showed a statistically significant difference (P=0.0001), with a difference of +318.49 kcal. BIA and Harris Benedict's formula presented values closer to CI, 1,658 and 1,845 kcal respectively. CONCLUSION: We suggest that the Jeor Mifflin-St formula should not be used to estimate the RMR in patients with NAFLD. In the absence of indirect calorimetry, some alternatives can be used safely in this population, such as BIA and the predictive formulas of Harris Benedict, Schofield and the World Health Organization.
RESUMO CONTEXTO: A doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica (DHGNA) é considerada, atualmente, um problema de saúde pública global, sendo a mudança no estilo de vida a forma efetiva de tratar a doença. Até o momento não há um padrão de avaliação recomendado para determinar o gasto energético de repouso (GER) de pacientes com DHGNA, para que se possa nortear adequadamente a conduta dietoterápica. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o GER de pacientes com DHGNA através da calorimetria indireta (CI) e comparar com diferentes fórmulas preditivas do GER e com GER através da bioimpedância elétrica (BIA). Avaliar a composição corporal através da BIA, com o estadiamento da DHGNA e com a presença de comorbidades. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados em pacientes com DHGNA maiores de 18 anos de idade atendidos no ambulatório de Gastroenterologia de um Hospital de nível terciário do Sul do Brasil. O estadiamento da DHGNA foi realizado através de biópsia hepática ou método não invasivo. Peso, altura e índice de massa corporal (IMC) foram determinados em todos os pacientes. Para avaliação da atividade física foi utilizada a versão curta do International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Foram avaliadas as comorbidades hipertensão arterial, diabetes mellitus e dislipidemia. Para a estimativa do gasto energético de repouso utilizou-se as fórmulas de Harris-Benedict, de Jeor Mifflin-St, da Organização Mundial de Saúde e de Schofield. A BIA foi utilizada para avaliação do GER e da massa corporal, e para aferição do GER também se utilizou a CI. Associações entre variáveis categóricas foram testadas com teste χ2 de Pearson e entre grupos com teste de McNemar. O nível de significância assumido foi de 5%. O grau de concordância entre os métodos de mensuração do GER foi aferido pelo teste de Blan-Altman. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 67 pacientes, sendo 70,5% do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 59 anos e média de IMC 33,08 kg/m2 ±5,13. O GER médio por CI foi de 1.753 kcal ±614,58. Ao comparar a estimativa do GER por diferentes fórmulas com a calorimetria indireta, apenas a fórmula de Jeor Mifflin-St apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa (P=0,0001), com uma diferença de +318,49 kcal. A BIA e a fórmula de Harris Benedict apresentaram valores mais próximos à CI, 1.658 e 1.845 kcal respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: Sugerimos que a fórmula de Jeor Mifflin-St não deva ser utilizada para estimativa do GER em pacientes com DHGNA. Na ausência da CI algumas alternativas podem ser utilizadas com segurança nesta população, como a BIA e as fórmulas preditivas de Harris Benedict, de Schofield e da Organização Mundial de Saúde.