ABSTRACT
Background & objective: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease associated with potentially fatal consequences and a grossly underreported disease in Uttar Pradesh. However, only a few studies are available which report the prevalence of leptospirosis in this State. Hence, this study was undertaken to know the status of the disease in central and eastern Uttar Pradesh. Methods: A total of 143 serum and urine samples were collected from patients with acute febrile illness from July 2017 to March 2019. All the serum samples were tested for Leptospira by rapid IgM antibody card and IgM ELISA and urine samples were tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect Leptospira DNA. All positive and 10 per cent negative sera from ELISA and RT-PCR (all rapid test positive were also ELISA positive) were sent to the ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Port Blair for microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Results: Thirty eight (26.6%) out of 143 samples were positive for leptospirosis either by ELISA or RT-PCR. Positive results were eight (6%) by Rapid card, 32 (22%) by IgM ELISA, 10 (7%) by MAT, 10 (7%) by RT-PCR. In MAT, the most common serovar was Lai followed by Hebdomadis, Bangkinang and Pomona. Interpretation & conclusions: Leptospirosis was found to be one of the important causes for acute febrile illness in the central and eastern parts of Uttar Pradesh. The results of the present study suggest that it is necessary to increase diagnostic facility and awareness in clinicians for the screening of leptospirosis in acutely febrile patients to decrease morbidity and mortality associated with this disease.
ABSTRACT
A leptospirose é uma das zoonoses de maior incidência mundial, estimando-se que ocorram em torno de um milhão de casos e, possivelmente, 59.000 óbitos anualmente. Foi proposto um modelo lógico que avaliasse os aspectos que permeiam o tema, por meio de revisão narrativa da literatura indexada e de manuais técnicos, que despertassem a ideia da negligência para esta doença no Brasil. Ao fomentar uma nova abordagem paradigmática, procurou-se refletir a dificuldade em se realizar um diagnóstico mais atilado e precoce, em colaboração a um processo de naturalização da subnotificação pelos que organizam, gerenciam e operam o Sistema de Saúde,e que influenciam negativamente no investimento na gestão da vigilância e controle da doença no país, tornando-se possível a manutenção do círculo vicioso para a negligência da leptospirose no Brasil.
Leptospirosis is one of the most widespread and incident zoonosis in the world, estimated tooccur around one million cases and possibly 59,000 deaths annually. A logical model to evaluatethe aspects that permeate the theme through the narrative review of indexed literature andtechnical manuals, it was proposed to awaken the idea of the neglect of this disease in Brazil.By fostering a new paradigm approach, it was considered the difficulty in performing a moresagacious and early diagnosis. This condition contributes to a process of naturalization ofunderreporting by those who organize, manage and operate the health system. And, directlyit causes negative impact on the investment for managing the disease surveillance and controlin the country, making it possible to maintain a vicious circle for neglecting leptospirosis in Brazil.
Subject(s)
Humans , Brazil , Early Diagnosis , Leptospirosis , Neglected Diseases , Health Information SystemsABSTRACT
OBJETIVOS: describir el comportamiento epidemiológico de pacientes con diagnóstico presuntivo de leptospirosis en el departamento del Tolima (Colombia), entre 2009 y 2011. METODOLOGIA: estudio descriptivo transversal. Se analizaron variables epidemiológicas, clínicas y de laboratorio de 243 pacientes con diagnóstico presuntivo de leptospiroris, utilizando los criterios de FAINE modificado. RESULTADOS : se encontraron 48 casos con diagnóstico presuntivo positivo (19,8%), 87 casos negativos (35,8%) y 108 casos no concluyentes (44%). El icterohemorrágico fue el serovar más frecuente entre los presuntamente positivos, con una edad promedio de aparición de la enfermedad de 37 años, se presentó principalmente en hombres (87%), residentes de zona urbana, con deficiencia de servicios públicos (80,9%). El tratamiento hospitalario fue necesario para el 87,6% de los pacientes, se encontraron casos en forma aguda (91%),conalteración hepática (65,9%); la mortalidad fue del 19%. CONCLUSIONES la leptospirosis es una patología con diferentes características demográficas y clínicas, con un diagnóstico difícil y en ocasiones tardío; si se tuviera un registro adecuado de algunas características en las fichas podría hacerse un diagnóstico presuntivo a priori.Se presentó asociación entre el diagnóstico presuntivo de leptospiroris y laborar en ambiente abierto, residir en condiciones sanitarias deficientes, presentar dolor en las pantorrillas y presentar fiebre.
OBJECTIVE:: To describe the epidemiological behavior of patients with presumptive diagnosis of leptospirosis in department of Tolima (Colombia), between 2009 and 2011. METHODOLOGY A cross sectional study was carried out. Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory findings of 243 patients with presumptive leptospiroris, utilizing modified FAINE criteria were analyzed. RESULTS : There were 48 cases with presumptive diagnosisof leptospirosis (19.8%), 87 negative cases (35.8%) and 108 inconclusive cases (44%). The icterohaemorrhagiaewas the serovarmost common among presumptive positive, most patients were male (87%), with the mean age of 37years, residents of urban areas, with deficient public services (80.9%). Hospital treatment was required in 87.6% of patients;there were acute cases of the disease (91%), hepatic impairment (65.9%), 19% of the patients died. CONCLUSIONS : Leptospirosis is a disease with different demographic and clinical characteristics, with difficult and sometimes late diagnosis. Presumptive diagnosis of leptospiroris was associated with working in open environment, living in unsanitary conditions, having calf pain and fever.