ABSTRACT
Trans-chalcone (TC) is a flavonoid precursor characterized by a wide spectrum of action, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, no validated methods are available in official compendia for the analysis of this substance. Thus, the aim of this work was to develop and validate a simple, fast, and reproducible spectrophotometric method for the analysis of TC in raw material, and in topical pharmaceutical formulation containing TC. The established conditions were: methanol as extracting solvent, and detection wavelength of 309 nm by UV spectrophotometer. All tests followed the rules of Resolution RDC 166, 2017. The proposed method was selective. Linearity was demonstrated in the concentration range of 1 to 8 µg/mL (r = 0.999). Repeatability and intermediate precision were confirmed by low relative standard deviation values of 1.53% and 2.70% for TC, and of 1.73% and 2.91% for formulation containing TC. Accuracy, evaluated through recovery test, was adequate, with minimum of 98.24% and maximum of 100.23% of recovery. It was observed that the small deliberate modifications done did not interfere with the results, demonstrating the method is robust. The results showed that the method was considered suitable for the intended purpose, inexpensive, easy to apply, selective, linear, precise, accurate, and robust for the determination TC, and pharmaceutical formulation containing TC. Thus, the method developed satisfies the need for an analytical method for the determination of TC, and topical formulation containing TC, being effective, innovative and able to aid in the development of the pharmaceutical field.
Trans-chalcona (TC) é um precursor de flavonoides caracterizado por um amplo espectro de ação, como efeitos anti-inflamatórios e antioxidantes. No entanto, não há método validado disponível em compêndio oficial para análise deste composto. Então, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e validar um método espectrofotométrico, simples, rápido e reprodutível para análise de TC em matéria-prima, e em formulação farmacêutica tópica contendo TC. As condições estabelecidas foram: metanol como o solvente de extração, e detecção no comprimento de onda de 309 nm por espectrofotometria no UV. Todos os testes seguiram as normas da RDC 166, 2017. O método proposto foi seletivo. A linearidade foi demonstrada na faixa de concentração de 1 a 8 µg/mL (r = 0.999). A repetibilidade e a precisão intermediária foram confirmadas pelos valores baixos de desvio padrão relativo de 1,53% e 2,70% para a TC, e de 1,73% e 2,91% para a formulação contendo TC. A exatidão, avaliada por meio de testes de recuperação, foi adequada, com mínimo de 98,24% e máximo de 100,04% de recuperação. Observou-se que pequenas modificações no método não interferiram nos resultados, demonstrando que o método é robusto. Os resultados demonstraram que o método foi adequado para a finalidade pretendida, barato, de fácil aplicação, seletivo, linear, preciso, exato e robusto para determinação de TC, e de formulação contendo TC. Então o método desenvolvido satisfaz as necessidades de um método analítico para determinação de TC, e de formulação tópica contendo TC, e é eficaz, inovador e pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento da área farmacêutica.
ABSTRACT
Background: KaraCalm™ is a novel polyherbal formulation obtained from the combination of Valeriana officinalis extract, Passiflora incarnata extract, Ocimum sanctum extract, Ziziphus jujuba extract, Rosmarinus officinalis extract, and Nigella sativa extract. The objective of the present investigation was to assess the efficacy and safety of KaraCalm™ to manage stress and improve sleep in healthy subjects in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. Methods: A total of 60 healthy volunteers were randomized into two groups, with 30 subjects in the KaraCalm™ group and 30 in the placebo group. Participants were asked to take KaraCalm™ 500 mg or placebo once daily for 56 days. As primary outcomes, sleep analysis was performed by using Actiwatch, while stress level was evaluated with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) scores from baseline to the end of the study period. Serum cortisol, and hs-CRP from baseline to the end of the study period were assessed as secondary endpoints. Results: An increase in overall sleep quality was observed in the KaraCalm™ group compared to the placebo as measured by total sleep time, onset latency, wake after sleep onset minutes, and number of awakenings. There was also a reduction in PSS scores in the KaraCalm™ group from baseline to the end of the study, indicating reduced stress levels. A significant reduction in Serum cortisol and hs-C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in the KaraCalm™ group from baseline to the end of the study further supported the effectiveness of KaraCalm™ in reducing stress. There was no significant change in the safety analyses of the patients in the intervention group when assessed from the start of the study to the end. Conclusions: KaraCalm™ can be considered a safe and effective dietary herbal Supplement to reduce stress and improve sleep quality.
ABSTRACT
The aim of the present research was to formulate and evaluate immediate release tablet of apixaban. In this research study, we are formulating apixaban by wet granulation method. Previously research has been conducted based on dry granulation and direct compression methods.The proposed wet granulation method has several advantages in terms of feasibility and cost effectiveness. The present formulation comprises of comparative evaluation between disintegrants such as sodium starch glycolate (SSG), and croscarmellose sodium (CCS), among which CCS was found to have optimum results. Superdisintegrants, are compounds that, as their name implies, are superior to disintegrants and that facilitate or enhance the disintegration time even at low levels, usually 1-10% by weight relative to the total weight of the dosage unit. These are used to boost the potency of the solid dosage form.
ABSTRACT
Objective of this study is to evaluate the physicochemical and nutritional properties of 5 infant flours produced by the ONG Tasnim located in Korhogo in the north of Ivory Coast. 3 samples of each formulation were collected and mixed to constitute the single sample of each formulation.The flours reconstitued were stored for 2 months. Each month samples are taken for the various analyzes according to the AOAC. The results obtained showed that humidity (3.21 � 5.92% to 3.48 � 7.78%), proteins (11.42 � 25.37% to 21.43 � 33.29%) and acidity (0.73 � 1.10% to 0.83 � 2.20%) increase during storage unlike carbohydrates (51.53 � 66.37% to 47.25 � 58.49%), lipids (10.80 � 20.50% to 4.70 � 13.70%) and energy value (422.76 � 481.02 Kcal/100g to 382.98 � 431.22 Kcal /100g) which are decreasing. These results suggest that the formulations should be stored for a period not exceeding 1 month in order to effectively contribute to the fight against malnutrition in low-income households.
ABSTRACT
The present study evaluated the efficacy of the mineralizing action of Casearia sylvestris ethanolic extract on bovine dentin blocks in its pure form and in dental paste, through scanning electron microscopy. The dentin blocks were immersed in artificial saliva and incubat ed at 37°C for 7 days. Subsequently, six groups were treated with different test substances and analysed qualitatively and quantitatively at 30 and 60 days. The tests used were Kruskal - Wallis and Dunn's. Shapiro - Wilk and ANOVA. The qualitative analysis at 30 days showed a difference between the groups treated with ethanolic extract and toothpaste. Quantitatively, at 30 days, treatment with ethanolic extract of Casearia showed a greater number of open dentinal tubules. At 60 days, the difference persisted on ly for the blocks treated with toothpaste. The results obtained indicated that there is a positive relationship between the use of Casearia sylvestris and obliteration of dentinal tubules
El presente estudio evaluó la eficacia de la acción mineralizante del extracto etanólico de Casearia sylvestris sobre bloques de dentina bovina en su forma pura y en pasta dental, mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido. Los bloques de dentina se sumergieron en saliva artificial y se incubaron a 37°C durante 7 días. Posteriormente, se trataron seis grupos con diferentes sustancias de ensayo y se analizaron cualitativa y cuantitativamente a los 30 y 60 días. Las p ruebas utilizadas fueron Kruskal - Wallis y Dunn's. Shapiro - Wilk y ANOVA. El análisis cualitativo a los 30 días mostró una diferencia entre los grupos tratados con extracto etanólico y pasta dentífrica. Cuantitativamente, a los 30 días, el tratamiento con ex tracto etanólico de Casearia mostró un mayor número de túbulos dentinarios abiertos. A los 60 días, la diferencia persistió sólo para los bloques tratados con pasta dentífrica. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que existe una relación positiva entre el us o de Casearia sylvestris y la obliteración de los túbulos dentinarios
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Casearia/chemistry , Dentin Sensitivity/drug therapy , Dentin Desensitizing Agents/administration & dosage , Salicaceae , Dentin/drug effects , EthanolABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo draft the Metadata of Evidence from Traditional Chinese Medicine Randomized Controlled Trials for standardizing thedata collection， storage， transmission， exchange， analysis， and evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） studies. In addition to the application of conventional systematic review and meta-analysis， this draft will provide strong support for the development of automated systematic review， facilitate the efficient utilization of TCM clinical evidence， and underpin the evidence-based rapid decision-making in TCM. MethodThis study was structured into three stages. During the first stage （pre-research）， suggestions for formulating new standards were proposed based on comprehensive research and demonstration of views obtained from literature investigation and expert interviews. The second stage concentrated on drafting the standard by assembling a working group and crafting a draft solicitation document for metadata standards. At the third stage， feedback was sought from relevant institutions， organizations， and experts and scholars outside the research group via mail or other means to finalize the draft standard. ResultDuring the pre-research stage， a preliminary examination was conducted to assess the characteristics and current status of clinical research metadata standards， and the information was identified regarding the significance of formulating the standard， principles guiding metadata formulation， reference materials， and suggestions for metadata subset establishment. After establishing a working group and drafting the initial version of the standard， opinions from external experts were sought via email. Based on the comments， a third round of revisions was conducted， resulting in the finalization of a draft for the standard. The finalized version of the standard draft comprised 12 sections： preface， introduction， scope， normative reference documents， terms and abbreviations， principles and composition， metadata description method， metadata summary representation， metadata dictionary description， Extensible Markup Language （XML） markup example， JavaScript Object Notation （JSON） markup example， and references. Of these， the section of metadata summary representation/metadata dictionary description contained 6 metadata subsets， involving 20 metadata entities and 141 metadata elements. ConclusionThrough literature research， expert interviews， questionnaire surveys， standard drafting， and opinion solicitation， this study drafts the Metadata of Evidence from Traditional Chinese Medicine Randomized Controlled Trials. This draft plays a crucial role in standardizing TCM clinical research and advancing objective scientific evaluation and effective utilization of TCM.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To prepare the Eriodictyol chewable tablet and to evaluate its quality. METHODS The chewable tablet was prepared by the wetting granulation method by using microcrystalline cellulose （MCC） and mannitol as fillers， polyvinylpyrrolidone （PVP） as adhesive， citric acid and sucralose as flavor correction agents， magnesium stearate as lubricant. The comprehensive evaluation was conducted on Eriodictyol chewable tablets with the dosage of each excipient as a factor using the appearance， taste， flavor and texture as indicators. The ratio of excipients was optimized by orthogonal test， and the quality of Eriodictyol chewable tablets prepared by optimized formulation was evaluated in terms of appearance， weight difference， hardness， fragility， eriodictyol content， dissolution and content uniformity. RESULTS The optimal formulation was as follows： 26.4% eriodictyol （50 mg each piece）， 45% mannitol， 25% MCC， 0.3% citric acid， 0.3% sucralose， 1% magnesium stearate， 2% PVP （preparing 5% solution using purified water）. The scores of 3 batches of Eriodictyol chewable tablets in the validation test were 8.76， 8.75 and 8.80 （RSD＝0.30%， n＝3）， respectively. The Eriodictyol chewable tablet had a complete appearance and a smooth surface； the average tablet weight was 192.57 mg， the average hardness was 57.36 N， the fragility was 0.09%， the average content of eriodictyol per tablet was 50.74 mg， the cumulative dissolution within 30 min was exceeding 80%， and the content uniformity was 5.51. CONCLUSIONS Eriodictyol chewable tablet prepared by optimal formulation conforms to the requirements of the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.
ABSTRACT
A peptic ulcer (PU) is common gastrointestinal disorder which is seen among many people. It is an erosion in a segment of the gastrointestinal mucosa, typically in the stomach (gastric ulcer) or first few centimeters of duodenum (duodenal ulcer) that penetrates through the muscularis mucosae. Ulceration occurs when there is a disturbance of the normal equilibrium caused by either enhanced aggression or diminished mucosal resistance. It may cause by Helicobacter pylori infection, regular usage of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory’s, irregular food habits, stress, and gastric acid secretions. There are several synthetic medications available to treat ulcers. However, compared to herbal supplements, these medications are more expensive and likely to have more side effects. Various herbal medicines have traditionally been used to cure PU disease. The active phytochemical components of a single plant are insufficient to produce the desired therapeutic effects. Combination of two or more than two herbs is called polyherbal formulation. Polyherbal formulations are used to improve the therapeutic potential. The medicinal effect will be boosted and the toxicity will be reduced when various herbs are combined in appropriate ratios in the polyherbal formulation that this study is based on the herbs, polyherbal formulations (in treating PU), recent work, and patent on polyherbal formulations based on pharmacological activities.
ABSTRACT
El tratamiento del defecto epitelial refractario es un reto y está sujeto al desarrollo de estudios preclínicos y clínicos con el objetivo de obtener tratamientos eficaces, entre los que emerge la insulina tópica. El objetivo del presente artículo fue describir la respuesta cicatrizal del epitelio corneal bajo tratamiento con colirio de insulina. Se presentan dos pacientes con diagnóstico de defecto epitelial persistente posúlcera corneal. Se indicó insulina tópica una gota cada 6 horas, con evolución hacia la epitelización corneal total a los 10 días de iniciado el tratamiento. Se sugiere el mecanismo por el cual la insulina promueve la cicatrización corneal al lograr la restauración de los nervios corneales y favorecer la migración de células epiteliales. En ambos casos el colirio de insulina logró la promover la cicatrización epitelial total de la córnea por lo que se es útil en el tratamiento de defecto epitelial persistente(AU)
The treatment of refractory epithelial defect is a challenge and depends upon the development of preclinical or clinical studies aimed at obtaining effective treatments, among which topical insulin emerges. The objective of this article was to describe the healing response of the corneal epithelium under treatment with insulin eye drops. The cases are presented of two patients with a diagnosis of persistent post-corneal ulcer epithelial defect. Topical insulin was prescribed at one drop every six hours, with evolution towards total corneal epithelialization ten days after the treatment started. The mechanism is suggested by which insulin promotes corneal healing, thus restoring corneal nerves and favoring epithelial cell migration. In both cases, the insulin eye drops were able to promote total epithelial healing of the cornea, making it useful in the treatment of persistent epithelial defect(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Ophthalmic Solutions/therapeutic use , Epithelial CellsABSTRACT
Background: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is a common condition in India with prevalence in general population varying from 50-94%. VDD has been associated with increased susceptibility to a wide range of viral infections including COVID-19. It is associated with worse outcomes and greater morbidity and mortality in medical as well as surgical ICUs. The objective of the study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) of aqueous cholecalciferol injection in comparison with conventional oil-based injection in VDD healthy adult subjects. Methods: 24 eligible vitamin D deficient healthy adult males, fulfilling the inclusion/exclusion criteria, were enrolled in the study. Subjects received a single dose of either test (T) [Aqueous cholecalciferol injection 600K IU/2 mL] or reference (R) [Cholecalciferol 600K IU oil-based injection] intramuscularly. Various PK parameters (Cmax, AUC0-t, AUC0-? and Tmax) and PD parameters (concentration of cholecalciferol and 25(OH)D) were measured along with safety analysis. Results: A significantly higher concentration of cholecalciferol and 25(OH)D were observed with test product compared to reference (p<0.01) from 1-hour post-administration till end of the study. A statistically significant difference between test and reference product was observed for the calculated Cmax and Tmax for cholecalciferol and 25(OH)D (p<0.0001). All 12 (100%) subject in test arm achieved the normal level of 25(OH)D by 72 hr post-administration as compared to none in reference arm (p=0.0017). There were no serious adverse events (SAEs) or deaths reported during the study. Conclusions: This first in world, aqueous formulation of cholecalciferol injection was found to be superior in various PK/PD parameters as compared to conventional oil based injection, which resulted in rapid and sustained rise in serum 25(OH)D levels.
ABSTRACT
Aim: Okra is a vegetable that holds a significant share in both domestic and export markets, but it is prone to desiccation and fungal spoilage, leading to a short shelf life. A laboratory study was undertaken to determine the effects of hexanal containing aqueous formulation to improve the shelf life of okra with the objective to maintain the best quality of pods for end consumer acceptance.Study Design: Factorial Completely Randomized Design was followed with three replications.Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in laboratory conditions, Department of Vegetable Science, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Coimbatore during 2021-2022Methodology: In this study, TNAU released nanoformulation– TNAU FRUITY FRESH – ENHANCED FRESHNESS FORMULATION consisting of 2% Hexanal, 10% Formulation ingredients, 88% Deionized filler. and hexanal was used at varying concentrations for imposing treatments on freshly harvested, uniform sized undamaged tender pods of bhendi hybrid COBh H4 (TNAU released hybrid) using spray and dip methods under ambient and cold storage conditions and physiological parameters were assessed.Results: As per the investigation, 2% Enhanced Freshness Formulation using dip method in cold storage conditions slower the physiological loss in weight, preserves the L*, a*, b* value, extend the shelf life and preserved the quality for consumer acceptance during storage 9 days as compared to control.Conclusion: The study gave the knowledge of hexanal containing aqueous formulation and their effectiveness to use as post-harvest technology tool for okra.
ABSTRACT
Background: Epidermal hyperpigmentation is an important dermatological concern with a high prevalence in the Indian population. Kojic acid-based depigmenting formulations have proven to be effective in the management of epidermal hyperpigmentation. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted to assess physicians’ knowledge about epidermal hyperpigmentation and practice patterns about a novel depigmenting formulation containing a combination of kojic acid dipalmitate 4%, azelaic acid 12%, glycolic acid 3%, niacinamide 4%, arbutin 2%, glycogen liquid 2%, sodium hyaluronate solution 2%, and shea butter 1% for epidermal hyperpigmentation treatment in India. Methods: The survey was conducted among 235 dermatologists across different geographical regions of India over 3 months. The questionnaire evaluated prevalence and choice and duration of therapies for epidermal hyperpigmentation in Indian clinical practice, and dermatologists’ real-life experience with efficacy of the novel formulation. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize survey results. Results: All 235 dermatologists completed the questionnaire and responded to questions based on experience in treating patients with epidermal hyperpigmentation. In all, 58% dermatologists preferred kojic acid-based combinations. Furthermore, 57% of dermatologists agreed that glycolic acid can enhance the penetration of kojic acid and azelaic acid, 47.45% strongly agreed that a kojic acid-based formulation could be a safe alternative to steroid and hydroquinone-based formulations. Overall, 67% of dermatologists agreed that the kojic acid-based formulations with additional moisturizers helped in faster resolution of epidermal hyperpigmentation compared to other depigmenting formulations. Conclusions: The survey findings indicate that the novel kojic acid-based formulation with additional moisturizers could be a preferred choice for epidermal hyperpigmentation management.
ABSTRACT
This study evaluated the oligosaccharides, phytochemicals, dietary fiber, microbial count, pH and acidity of fonio (Digitaria exilis)/ricebean (Vigna umbellata) based complementary foods in order to ascertain the safety of the formulations. A 3 by 4 by 4 factorial design was used. A 70:30 (treated fonio): (72 h sprouted and dehulled ricebean) blend containing 30 % peeled dried carrot and 30 % crayfish (FNBN) was formulated. A similar blend with additional 20 % milk (FNBP), a third blend containing unsprouted and undehulled ricebean (FNBU) and a fourth containing only treated fonio and sprouted ricebean (FNBM) were also formulated. The level of stachyose and raffinose in the diets ranged from 0.21±0.00 -0.40±0.02 % and 0.05±0.00 -0.10±0.01 % respectively. The levels of stachyose and raffinose in the sprouted samples (FNBP, FNBN and FNBM) were comparable (p>0.05) and low suggesting absence of flatulence. The residual phytochemicals in the formulations ranged from 0.160±0.00-0.28±0.00 % (alkaloid), 0.17±0.02-0.35±0.01 % (flavonoid) and 0.39±0.02-0.530±0.01 % (saponin). These low values indicate absence of allergy. The dietary fiber contents of the blends were lower (p<0.05) than the recommended 5 % for complementary food indicating that the digestive system of the infants can handle it. The low bacterial load and zero fungal growth observed in the products depict high level of hygiene and sanitary quality while the near neutral pH and low acidity suggest caution during handling and feeding of the infant. These conditions favour growth of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. Results of the study show a high measure of safety of the formulations.
ABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to assess the antipyretic activity of Siddha herbo-mineral formulation Surangusa Parpam at the dose level of 15mg/kg and 35mg/kg body weight, orally, in brewer yeast induced fever model Wistar rats. Fever was induced by subcutaneous injection of 10ml/kg of 20% w/v aqueous suspension of brewer’s yeast into the nape of the rat's neck. After eighteen hours feverish animals were treated with Surangusa Parpam 15mg/kg and 35mg/kg body weight, orally, and rectal temperatures were evaluated at 0, 1, 2 and 3 hours post-treatment by inserting a well-lubricated bulb of the clinical thermometer. Surangusa Parpam showed a significant decrease in the elevated body temperature of rats that remained sustained throughout the tested time points from 1 to 3 hours in the used model. 35mg/kg body weight dose level showed significant inhibition of elevated body temperature when compared with the standard control. These results indicate that the Antipyretic activity of Surangusa Parpam and in addition to its well-established anti-inflammatory activity possesses significant antihistamine activity that may be beneficial in symptomatic relief when it is used in the therapy of allergic and inflammatory disorders.
ABSTRACT
Major loss in agricultural crops is caused by insect pests. In India, various synthetic insecticides are used against pests. These are much expensive and cause environmental hazards. The nanoparticles, as an alternative approach is gaining considerable interest in this field. In the present study, we explored the biological synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Giant milkweed, Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand. and its effects on the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura. The reduction of zinc ions (Zn2+) to zinc nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) was prepared by mixing 50 g of C. procera leaves with 100 mL of single distilled water in a 250 mL glass beaker. To synthesize nanoparticles, 50 mL of C. procera leaf extract was taken using a stirrer-heater and 5 g of zinc oxide was added at 60ºC, boiled, then kept in a hot air oven at 70ºC for 24 h. Finally, the obtained light yellow coloured powder was carefully collected and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results revealed that the biologically synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles pesticide was highly effective against the pest. The weight of the pest decreased from low concentration to high concentration. It is concluded that the Calotropis Procera based zinc oxide nanoparticles could be used for the control of Spodoptera litura.
ABSTRACT
Buccal tablets
Diclofenac sodium
Drug release
Mucoadhesion
Mucoadhesive tablets
Release kinetics
ABSTRACT
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age characterized by hyperandrogenism (HA). Current treatment options for PCOS are either with adverse effects or ineffective. Saptasaram kashayam (SK), an ayurvedic formulation is often been a safe traditional alternative medicine to improve the PCOS symptoms as well as its pathological development. However, its principle phytoconstituents or underlying mechanisms have not been investigated. In order to achieve this, the current study systematically utilized computational tools, network pharmacology approaches and molecular docking studies. All identified phytoconstituents of SK were screened by QikProp ADME prediction and 47 were selected based on oral bioavailability and drug likeliness scores. Their 3D structures were submitted to three online target fishing webservers PharmMapper, ChemMapper and Swiss Target Prediction which produced 1084 biological targets for SK comprehensively. 350 known PCOS therapeutic targets were retreived as common targets from three different interrogative disease centric bioinformatic platforms DisGeNET, OMIM and GeneCards. Intersection of 1084 biological targets of SK and 350 PCOS therapeutic targets produced, 88 potential therapeutic targets of SK against PCOS. STRING PPI and Compound-Target-Pathway networks were constructed and analysed using Cytoscape software. GO & KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was performed using DAVID database. 15 PCOS therapeutic target proteins were short listed from network analysis report- PIK3CA, PDPK1, AKT1, PIK3R1, STAT3, MAPK1, MAPK3, EGFR, AR, ESR1, ESR2, SHGB, NOS3, F2 & CREBBP. Targets that were likely to be inhibited/modulated by SK for treatment of PCOS were docked against the screened phytoconstituents and their respective standard inhibitors using GLIDE-SP of Schrodinger suite, Maestro version- 13.0. Results showed that Quercetin, Catechin, Boeravinone J, Genistein, Protocatechuic Acid, Gentisic Acid, Xanthoarnol, Luteolin, Boeravinone F, Tyrosine, Kaempferol, Dalbergioidin, etc exhibited good binding affinities when compared to standard drugs and might be responsible for synergistic/additive protective effect of SK against PCOS. Meanwhile PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Prolactin signaling pathway, AGE-RAG diabetic complications, HIF-1 signaling pathway and Estrogen signaling pathway were found to be involving the hub genes of interest and in this way, they might be intervened during treatment of PCOS by SK. Present study succeeded in identifying the drug like principle phytoconstituents, probable PCOS therapeutic targets and the underlying molecular mechanism of SK apart from providing reliable evidence for therapeutic potential of SK against PCOS. However further validation by in vitro and in vivo investigations is necessary.
ABSTRACT
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age characterized by hyperandrogenism (HA). Current treatment options for PCOS are either with adverse effects or ineffective. Saptasaram kashayam (SK), an ayurvedic formulation is often been a safe traditional alternative medicine to improve the PCOS symptoms as well as its pathological development. However, its principle phytoconstituents or underlying mechanisms have not been investigated. In order to achieve this, the current study systematically utilized computational tools, network pharmacology approaches and molecular docking studies. All identified phytoconstituents of SK were screened by QikProp ADME prediction and 47 were selected based on oral bioavailability and drug likeliness scores. Their 3D structures were submitted to three online target fishing webservers PharmMapper, ChemMapper and Swiss Target Prediction which produced 1084 biological targets for SK comprehensively. 350 known PCOS therapeutic targets were retreived as common targets from three different interrogative disease centric bioinformatic platforms DisGeNET, OMIM and GeneCards. Intersection of 1084 biological targets of SK and 350 PCOS therapeutic targets produced, 88 potential therapeutic targets of SK against PCOS. STRING PPI and Compound-Target-Pathway networks were constructed and analysed using Cytoscape software. GO & KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was performed using DAVID database. 15 PCOS therapeutic target proteins were short listed from network analysis report- PIK3CA, PDPK1, AKT1, PIK3R1, STAT3, MAPK1, MAPK3, EGFR, AR, ESR1, ESR2, SHGB, NOS3, F2 & CREBBP. Targets that were likely to be inhibited/modulated by SK for treatment of PCOS were docked against the screened phytoconstituents and their respective standard inhibitors using GLIDE-SP of Schrodinger suite, Maestro version- 13.0. Results showed that Quercetin, Catechin, Boeravinone J, Genistein, Protocatechuic Acid, Gentisic Acid, Xanthoarnol, Luteolin, Boeravinone F, Tyrosine, Kaempferol, Dalbergioidin, etc exhibited good binding affinities when compared to standard drugs and might be responsible for synergistic/additive protective effect of SK against PCOS. Meanwhile PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Prolactin signaling pathway, AGE-RAG diabetic complications, HIF-1 signaling pathway and Estrogen signaling pathway were found to be involving the hub genes of interest and in this way, they might be intervened during treatment of PCOS by SK. Present study succeeded in identifying the drug like principle phytoconstituents, probable PCOS therapeutic targets and the underlying molecular mechanism of SK apart from providing reliable evidence for therapeutic potential of SK against PCOS. However further validation by in vitro and in vivo investigations is necessary.
ABSTRACT
Sayalan al-Rahim (abnormal vaginal discharge) is one of the very common female complaints encountered in daily practice. It is an important public health problem in India and can occur mostly due to sexually and non-sexually transmitted infections. A clinical trial was conducted in the Department of Ilmul Qabalat wa Amraze Niswan, NIUM, Bengaluru. 30 patients of Sayalan al-Rahim were included in the study after obtaining their informed consents. All the patients were clinically assessed and diagnosed on the basis of thorough history, presence of abnormal vaginal discharge and other associated symptoms. Then, polyherbal Unani formulation was administered orally 5 gm twice daily with water from 5th day of menses for 21 days. The severity of disease and efficacy of treatment was assessed on the basis of subjective and objective parameters. Clinical improvement of 70% in Sayalan al-Rahim was observed. Mean ± SD of vaginal discharge before and after treatment was 2.87 ± 0.35 and 0.37 ± 0.61, VSS scale before and after treatment was 23.53 ± 3.49 and 10.33 ± 4.05 and VAS scale for LBA and LAP before and after treatment were 6.37 ± 2.36 to 2.37 ± 1.87 and 2.43 ± 1.96 to 0.03 ± 0.18, respectively with p=< 0.001** considered strongly significant. Polyherbal unani formulation was found safe and effective in improving the sign and symptoms of Sayalan al-Rahim. It was concluded that polyherbal Unani formulation can be used safely and effectively for the treatment of Sayalan al-Rahim.
ABSTRACT
Siddhars said about various diseases and the treatment methods with herbs, minerals and animal products. In Siddha literatures viral fevers can be compared to Vatha Kapha Suram and therefore decoction for this Suram is taken from classical Siddha text book and the ingredients are searched for pharmacological activity and toxicity study from 118 published journal papers from Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Research Gate and Science Direct. Collected data is entered in MS excel and analysed using RFC score. All together there are 51 pharmacological activities are published for these nine ingredients. In which Anti-inflammatory has RFC=1, other properties like antipyretic, anti-tussive, bronchodialator, anti-asthmatic, analgesic, neuro-regenerative, neuroprotective, anti-diarrhoeal, anti-emetic, neuroprotective, analgesic, sedative has more than 0.55 RFC score. More than this cardioprotective, renoprotective, hepatoprotective, and other protective properties are present in more than 50% of ingredients. In toxicity studies no toxic effects are seen in in vivo studies for the ingredients The Suvai, Thanmai, Pirivu, in Siddha aspect, of these ingredients can highly reduces Vatha and Kapha disorders. Therefore, the decoction shows significant pharmacological activity for the sign and symptoms of viral infections.