Study of Improvement Effects and Mechanism of Saposhnikovia Divaricata Extract on IgE Sensitized RBL-2H3 Cells / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective]To explore the degranulation effect and mechanism of Saposhnikovia divaricata(SD)extract on rat basophilic leukemia cell line RBL-2H3 cell.[Methods]Methylthialazole tetrazolium(MTT)test was used to select the concentrations in the subsequent experiments based on impact of 5,25,50,100,200,400 μg·mL-1 SD extract on the activity of RBL-2H3 cells.Immunoglobulin E(IgE)induction was used to establish RBL-2H3 cell degranulation model.Blank control group,model group,low dose SD extract group(5 μg·mL-1),medium dose SD extract group(25 μg·mL-1),high dose SD extract group(50 μg·mL-1)and dexamethasone(DXMS)group(100 μg·mL-1)were set up,with intervention for 30 minutes.MTT test was used to detect the effect of low,medium,high-dose SD extract on activity of RBL-2H3 cell degranulation model.Toluidine blue staining was used to observe the morphology of degranulation cells and calculate degranulation rates.Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect expression of F-actin.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the levels of β-aminohexosidase,histamine,interleukin-4(IL-4),interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interferon-γ(IFN-γ).Western blot was used to detect the expressions of phosphatidylinositide-3 kinase(PI3K),phosphorylation-PI3K(p-PI3K),protein kinase B(AKT),phosphorylation-AKT(p-AKT),p38 mitogen activated protein kinase(p38MAPK),phosphorylation-p38MAPK(p-p38MAPK),nuclear factors-κB(NF-κB),phosphorylation-NF-κB(p-NF-κB),extracellular regulated kinases(ERK)and phosphorylation-ERK(p-ERK)protein.[Results]The low,medium,high doses of SD extract(5,25,50 μg·mL-1)had no significant effects on the activity of RBL-2H3 cells(P＞0.05).Compared with blank control group,the number of toluidine blue stained cells of model group was decreased,cells shape rounded,degranulation rate was increased,expression of F-actin was decreased,the levels of β-aminohexosidase,histamine,IL-4,IL-6,TNF-α were increased,IFN-γ level was decreased,the expressions of p-PI3K/PI3K,p-AKT/AKT,p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK,p-NF-κB/NF-κB and p-ERK/ERK were increased(P＜0.01).Compared with model group,the F-actin expression of low,medium,high doses of SD extract groups and DXMS group was increased,levels of β-aminohexosidase,histamine,IL-4,IL-6 and TNF-α were decreased,IFN-γ level was increased(P＜0.01),the expressions of p-PI3K/PI3K,p-AKT/AKT,p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK,p-NF-κB/NF-κB and p-ERK/ERK were decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);the number of toluidine blue stained cells in medium,high dose SD extract groups and DXMS group was increased with spindle cell shape,degranulation rate was decreased(P＜0.01).Compared with low dose SD extract group,degranulation rate of high dose SD extract group and DXMS group was decreased(P＜0.01),F-actin expression was increased(P＜0.05),p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK expressions were decreased(P＜0.01).[Conclusion]SD extract inhibited degranulation of IgE sensitized RBL-2H3 cell and decreased the levels of inflammatory mediators,its mechanism may be related to the inhibition the phosphorylation expression of PI3K/AKT,p38MAPK/NF-KB and ERK.

Isolation and characterization of histamine-producing, multi-drug-resistant Enterococcus species in fermented oil bean seeds in Nsukka, Nigeria

Aims@#The microbiological qualities of fermented oil bean seeds depend on the indigenous microflora, personal and environmental hygiene of the handlers and the food environments. This study was aimed to evaluate the incidence of histamine-producing, multi-drug-resistant Enterococcus isolates from oil bean seeds during fermentation. @*Methodology and results@#Histamine extraction and analysis were performed on randomly sampled oil bean seeds. Histamine producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated, from where Enterococcus species were further isolated. Strain-specific identification and antibiotic sensitivity tests were carried out on the identified Enterococcus isolates. Histamine was detected in fermented seeds. Enterococcus strains were identified among the histamine-producing fermenters. These include E. faecalis HA5, E. faecium VB976, E. faecium LMEM18, E. gallinarum M190262 and E. gilvus CR1. Enterococcus faecalis HA5, E. faecium VB976, E. faecium LMEM18, E. gallinarum M190262 and E. gallinarum were resistant to Ampiclox, Amoxicillin, Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin and Erythromycin. Enterococcus faecium VB976, E. faecium LMEM18 and E. gallinarum M190262 were resistant to Streptomycin and Gentamycin. Enterococcus faecalis HA5 was intermediately resistant to Streptomycin and Gentamycin but sensitive to Vancomycin, while E. gilvus was intermediately resistant to Ampiclox, Amoxicillin and Gentamycin but sensitive to Ceftriaxone, Vancomycin, Ciprofloxacin, Streptomycin and Erythromycin.@*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#The pathogenic and histamine-producing abilities of Enterococcus pose serious public health hazard. This is complicated by their resistance to a wide range of antibiotics. Therefore, improving the hygienic practices and regulating fermentation conditions is essential to curtailing histamine production and growth of fermenters with pathogenic potentials and ensuring the safety of the product.

Histamine 1 receptor agonist inhibits LPS-induced immune responses in astrocytes via Akt/NF-KB signaling pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of histamine H, receptor (HjR) on the immune responses in astrocytes induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the regulatory mechanism of its signaling pathway. Methods LPS was used to establish an in vitro astrocyte inflammation model. Rat primary astrocytes were divided into the control group, LPS group, LPS + Hj R agonist group (2-pyridylethlamine, Pyri), and HjR agonist group. Astrocytes were treated with Pyri 100 p,mol • L~ for 1 h, then stimulated with LPS at 100 p,g • L~ for 24 h. Cell viability was measured using the CCK-8 assay. The expression of GFAP and HjR was detected by immunofluorescence. Glial morphological changes were observed under a microscope. The levels of proinflammatory mediators (TNF-a and IL-6) were detected by ELISA. The protein expressions of p-Akt, Akt, p-NF-KB p65, and NF-KB p65 were detected by Western blot. Results Compared with the control group, more activated astrocytes with fewer cell processes and branches were observed in the LPS group. Besides, LPS enhanced the GFAP expression level, reduced the H,R expression level and stimulated the production of TNF-a and IL-6 from astrocytes. Pre treatment with Pyri for 1 h ameliorated the glial morphological changes stimulated by LPS, inhibited LPS-induced upregulation of GFAP level and the inflammatory factors secretion. In addition, LPS stimulated astrocytes showed a higher phosphorylation of Akt and NF-KB p65, which was also ameliorated by Pyri. Conclusions H, R agonist can inhibit LPS-induced astrocyte activation and inflammatory factor secretion, and the Akt/NF-KB signaling pathway may be an important pathway for the involvement of H,R in immune regulation.

The effect of early radiofrequency turbinate reduction, intranasal steroid, and antihistamine H-1 on persistent allergic rhinitis: a randomized clinical trial

Abstract Objective: We aimed to evaluate the effect of radiofrequency turbinate reduction as an initial treatment on clinical improvement, inflammatory mediators, and remodeling process. Methods: Between July 2018- February 2020, 32 patients with moderate-severe persistent AR were randomly divided into 2 groups. Intervention group received radiofrequency turbinate reduction followed by intranasal steroid and Antihistamine H-1 (AH-1), control group received intranasal steroid and AH-1. Both groups were evaluated for clinical improvement (using visual analogue scale based on total nasal symptoms score, peak nasal inspiratory flow, and turbinate size using imageJ) after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. Inflammatory mediators (ELISA from nasal secretions was performed to measure ECP, IL-5, and HSP-70) and remodeling markers (nasal biopsy followed by immunohistochemistry examination was performed to evaluate MMP-9, TIMP-1, and PAI-1) were evaluated in week 4. Results: Three patients dropped out of the study, resulting in 16 patients in intervention group and 13 patients in control group. At week 4, clinical response improved significantly in the intervention group compared to control group (Chi-Square test, p<0.05). Compared to control, intervention group experienced a reduction of IL-5 and no significant change in ECP level (Mann Whitney test, p>0.05). Reduction in the ratio of MMP-9/TIMP-1 were significantly higher in intervention group (unpaired t-test, p< 0,05). Meanwhile, increase in HSP-70 in the intervention group was slightly lower than in control group, but the difference with control group was not significant (Mann Whitney test, p>0.05). Conclusion: Early radiofrequency turbinate reduction followed by pharmacotherapy given to persistent moderate-severe AR patients give more improvement only in early clinical symptoms and reduce MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio, thus it might be suggested as one of the adjuvant therapies for the management of moderate-severe persistent AR. However, further investigation with a larger sample size and longer follow-up period is needed. Level of evidence: 1B.

Study on the Effect and Mechanism of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction in Improving Itching Symptoms in 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene-Induced Atopic Dermatitis Mice / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction in improving the itching symptoms of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene(DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis(AD)in mice.Methods Thirty-six Balb/c mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group,Dexamethasone(positive control,2.5 mg·kg-1)group and Huanglian Jiedu Decoction low-,medium-and high-dose groups(0.4,0.8 and 1.6 g·kg-1),6 mice in each group.After shaving the back of the mice,200 μL of DNCB solution was applied to the back of the mice for sensitisation(1%DNCB for 3 consecutive days)and excitation(1.5%DNCB,starting from the fourteenth day,excitation was performed once every 3 days for a total of 5 times).The stimulation and drug interventions were carried out simultaneously,and each group was administered by gavage at a set dose once daily for 14 days.The severity score of the skin lesions was calculated with reference to the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis(SCORAD),and the number of times the mice scratched within 20 minutes was recorded.The pathological changes of the lesions were observed by HE staining;mast cell infiltration was observed by toluidine blue staining;and the mRNA expression levels of thymic stromal lymphopoietin(TSLP),interleukin(IL)13,histamine H4 receptor(HRH4),and IL-31 in the lesions were detected by RT-qPCR.Results Compared with the normal group,the dorsal skin of the mice in the model group showed obvious erythema,mossification,crusting and epidermal shedding after DNCB excitation,and the severity score of the lesions was significantly increased(P＜0.001);the hyperkeratosis of epidermis,the thickness of spinous layer was significantly increased(P＜0.001),sponge oedema,and a large number of inflammatory cells infiltration was seen in the dermis;and the number of mast cells was significantly increased(P＜0.001);the times of scratches within 20 minutes was significantly increased(P＜0.01);and the mRNA expression levels of TSLP,IL-13,HRH4,and IL-31 in the skin lesion tissue were all significantly elevated(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,the skin lesions on the backs of mice in the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction were significantly improved,the mossy area was significantly reduced,the severity was significantly reduced,and the severity score of skin lesions was significantly reduced(P＜0.001),and the number of mast cells and the mRNA expression levels of IL-13,HRH4,and IL-31 were significantly reduced in the skin lesion tissues(P＜0.05,P＜0.01,P＜0.001);the thickness of the stratum spinosum was significantly reduced in the medium-and high-dose groups of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction(P＜0.001),and the number of inflammatory cells in the dermis was significantly reduced;the number of scratching in mice in the high-dose group of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction was significantly reduced within 20 minutes(P＜0.01),and the mRNA expression level of TSLP in the lesion tissue was significantly reduced(P＜0.05).Conclusion Huanglian Jiedu Decoction can alleviate itching symptoms in AD mice,and its mechanism of action may be related to repairing the skin barrier in AD mice,attenuating the infiltration of inflammatory cells and mast cells,and down-regulating the mRNA expressions of itch-associated factors TSLP,IL-13,IL-31 and HRH4 in skin tissues.

Discussion on the Correlation Between Histamine Receptor and Liver Storage in Traditional Chinese Medicine / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

The theory of Zang Xiang is the core of the theory of traditional Chinese medicine,and its content mostly comes from the comparison of images.Among them,the liver Zang of"main drainage"and"main blood storage"involves many systems such as nerve,digestion,circulation,hematopoiesis,reproduction and so on.It is difficult to find the corresponding anatomical organs or tissues in western medicine.The author analyzes and believes that the collection of the functional system of the liver system of traditional Chinese medicine,compares the physiological function and pathological changes of the liver system with the histamine receptor distributed in multiple systems of the whole body,as well as the main symptoms and adverse reactions of the drugs regulating the histamine receptor,and believes that the functional system composed of histamine receptors may carry the important functions of the liver system of traditional Chinese medicine.

Effects of acupuncture and moxibustion on histamine and inflammatory factors in the skin tissue at Tianshu (ST25) of rats with Crohn disease / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To explore the potential mechanism of acupuncture and moxibustion in treating Crohn disease (CD) by evaluating the changes in histamine and inflammatory factors in the skin tissue at Tianshu (ST25) of rats.Methods: Fifty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group (n=14) and a CD-modeling group (n=44). Rats in the CD-modeling group received enema with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid plus ethanol to establish CD models. The enema was repeated once every 7 d for a total of 4 times. After modeling, four modeled rats and four normal rats were randomly selected for model identification. After the CD model was successfully established, the remaining rats in the CD-modeling group were randomly divided into a model group, an acupuncture group, a moxibustion group, and a Western medication group, with ten rats in each group. The rats in the acupuncture and moxibustion groups were treated with acupuncture or moxibustion at Tianshu (ST25) and Shangjuxu (ST37); the rats in the Western medication group were treated with mesalazine enteric-coated tablets by gavage for continuous 7 d. After the intervention, the colon tissue of rats in each group was collected. After gross observation, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed to further observe the pathological changes. The expression of histamine in the skin tissue at Tianshu (ST25) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, IL-10, and IL-6 in the skin tissue at Tianshu (ST25) was detected by Western blotting. Results: Compared with the normal group, the colonic wall of rats in the model group showed cobblestone-like changes, local ulcers, and polyps in dark red and thickening and hardening. HE staining showed local loss of mucosal epithelial layer and formation of slit-like ulcers, destruction of mucosal glands, edema, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in lamina propria and submucosa, and occasional formation of sarcoid-like granuloma. The levels of histamine and IL-6 were significantly up-regulated (P<0.01, P<0.05), and the levels of TNF-α, IL-18, and IL-10 were significantly down- regulated (P<0.01 or P<0.05) in the skin tissue at Tianshu (ST25) of rats in the model group. Compared with the model group, the pathomorphological damage of the colon tissue of rats in the acupuncture group, moxibustion group, and Western medication group was significantly improved. The levels of histamine and IL-6 were significantly down- regulated (P<0.01, P<0.05), and the level of IL-10 was significantly up-regulated (P<0.01) in the skin at Tianshu (ST25) of rats in the acupuncture group. The levels of histamine and IL-6 were significantly down-regulated (P<0.01, P<0.05), and the levels of TNF-α, IL-18, and IL-10 were significantly up-regulated (P<0.01 or P<0.05) in the skin tissue at Tianshu (ST25) of rats in the moxibustion group. The level of histamine was significantly down-regulated (P<0.01), and the levels of IL-18 and IL-10 were significantly up-regulated (P<0.05, P<0.01) in the skin tissue of rats in the Western medication group. Compared with the acupuncture group, the level of IL-10 in the skin tissue at Tianshu (ST25) of rats in the moxibustion group was significantly up-regulated (P<0.01). Conclusion: The inflammatory responses in the skin tissue at Tianshu (ST25) may be the external manifestation of CD. Significant differences in the regulation of inflammatory responses in the skin tissue at Tianshu (ST25) between acupuncture and moxibustion exist, which may be caused by the differences in the stimulation characteristics between acupuncture and moxibustion.

Rational use of acid suppressant for stress ulcer in PICU / 中国小儿急救医学

Stress-related digestive tract mucosal disease is a common complication in pediatric intensive care unit(PICU). It may progress to stress ulcer and severe ulcer bleeding, which may lead to death.Currently, stress ulcer prophylaxis is recommended for critically ill children with high risk factors for stress ulcer, and the most commonly used acid suppression drugs are proton pump inhibitor and histamine-2 receptor antagonist.However, excessive prophylactic acid suppression is common and can increase the risk of hospital-acquired pneumonia and clostridium difficile infection in PICU.This review aimed to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of preventive acid suppressant therapy and promote the rational use of acid suppressant in PICU.

Histamine H / 中国药理学通报

Aim To determine the effect of histamine H

Effects of catgut embedding and PGLA embedding at "Zusanli" (ST 36) on skin mast cells, substance P and histamine in healthy rats / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effects of catgut embedding and polyglycolic acid/poly-lactic acid (PGLA) embedding at "Zusanli" (ST 36) on the activation of local skin mast cells (MC), and expression of substance P (SP) and histamine (HA), and to explore the mechanism of the temporal stimulation effect of acupoint catgut embedding and provide a foundation for further research on the initiation mechanism of acupoint catgut embedding.@*METHODS@#One hundred and sixty male SPF-grade SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group (10 rats), a sham-embedding group (50 rats), a catgut group (50 rats), and a PGLA group (50 rats). Each intervention group was further randomly divided into five subgroups according to the time points after intervention: 8 hours, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, and 21 days, with 10 rats in each subgroup. One-time sham-embedding, catgut embedding and PGLA embedding was given at left "Zusanli" (ST 36) in each intervention group, respectively. The skin and subcutaneous connective tissue of the left "Zusanli" (ST 36) were collected at the corresponding time points after intervention, except for the blank group (only one day before intervention). Toluidine blue staining was used to detect MC count and degranulation, and immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of SP and HA positive cells.@*RESULTS@#There was no significant difference in MC count between the subgroups of each intervention group and the blank group (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in MC count between the subgroups of the catgut group and the PGLA group (P>0.05). The MC count in the 8-hour subgroup of PGLA group was higher than that in the 8-hour subgroup of catgut group (P<0.05), while the MC count in the 21-day subgroup of PGLA group was lower than that in the 21-day subgroup of catgut group (P<0.05). Compared with the blank group, the degranulation rates of MC were increased in the 8-hour and 3-day subgroups of sham-embedding group, 8-hour, 3-day, and 7-day subgroups of catgut group, and 8-hour, 3-day, 7-day, and 14-day subgroups of PGLA group (P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the degranulation rate of MC between the subgroups of the catgut group and the PGLA group (P>0.05), and no significant difference in the degranulation rate of MC between the two embedding groups at the same time point (P>0.05). Compared with the blank group, the expression of SP positive cells was increased in the 8-hour subgroup of sham-embedding group, 8-hour, 3-day, 7-day, and 14-day subgroups of catgut group, and 3-day, 7-day, and 14-day subgroups of PGLA group (P<0.001, P<0.05). The expression of SP positive cells in the 7-day subgroup of catgut group was higher than that in the 8-hour subgroup of catgut group (P<0.05), while the expression of SP positive cells in the 14-day subgroup of catgut group was lower than that in the 7-day subgroup of catgut group (P<0.001). The expression of SP positive cells in the 7-day subgroup of PGLA group was higher than that in the 3-day subgroup of PGLA group (P<0.05), while the expression of SP positive cells in the 14-day subgroup of PGLA group was lower than that in the 7-day subgroup of PGLA group (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the expression of SP positive cells between the subgroups of the two embedding groups at the same time point (P>0.05). Compared with the blank group, the expression of HA positive cells was increased in the 8-hour, 3-day subgroups of sham-embedding group, 8-hour, 3-day, 7-day, and 14-day subgroups of catgut group, and 8-hour, 3-day, 7-day, 14-day, and 21-day subgroups of PGLA group (P<0.001, P<0.01, P<0.05). The expression of HA positive cells in the 14-day subgroup of catgut group was lower than that in the 7-day subgroup of catgut group (P<0.05), while the expression of HA positive cells in the 3-day subgroup of PGLA group was higher than that in the 8-hour subgroup of PGLA group (P<0.05), and the expression of HA positive cells in the 14-day subgroup of PGLA group was lower than that in the 7-day subgroup of PGLA group (P<0.05). The expression of HA positive cells in the 3-day subgroup of PGLA group was higher than that in the 3-day subgroup of catgut group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Catgut and PGLA embedding at "Zusanli" (ST 36) in healthy rats could induce changes in local skin MC, SP, and HA, which may be one of the mechanisms of the temporal stimulation effect after acupoint embedding. There are certain differences between different suture materials. A moderate inflammatory response in the acupoint area, mediated by MC and involving SP and HA, may be one of the initiating factors for the effect of acupoint catgut embedding.

Efficacy of different oral H1 antihistamine treatments on allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Abstract Introduction Oral H1 antihistamines are the first-line treatment for patients with allergic rhinitis, while it is uncertain which kind and dosage of the antihistamines are more effective in improving symptoms of patients. Objective To evaluate the efficacy of different oral H1 antihistamine treatments on patients with allergic rhinitis by performing a network meta-analysis. Methods The search was executed in PubMed, Embase, OVID, the Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov for relevant studies. The network meta-analysis was performed by using Stata 16.0, and the outcome measures of the analysis were symptom score reductions of patients. Relative risks with 95% Confidence Intervals were used in the network meta-analysis to compare the clinical effect of treatments involved, and Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking Curves (SUCRAs) were also calculated to rank the treatments' efficacy. Results 18 eligible randomized controlled studies, involving a total of 9419 participants, were included in this meta-analysis. All the antihistamine treatments outperformed placebo in total symptom score reduction and each individual symptom score reduction. According to the results of SUCRA, rupatadine 20 mg and rupatadine 10 mg were ranked relatively high in reductions of total symptom score (SUCRA: 99.7%, 76.3%), nasal congestion score (SUCRA: 96.4%, 76.4%), rhinorrhea score (SUCRA: 96.6%, 74.6%) and ocular symptom score (SUCRA: 97.2%, 88.8%); rupatadine 20 mg and levocetirizine 5 mg were ranked relatively high in reductions of nasal itching score (SUCRA: 84.8%, 83.4%) and sneezing score (SUCRA: 87.3%, 95.4%); loratadine 10 mg was ranked the lowest in each symptom score reduction besides placebo. Conclusion This study suggests that rupatadine is the most effective in alleviating symptoms of patients with allergic rhinitis among different oral H1 antihistamine treatments involved, and rupatadine 20 mg performs better than rupatadine 10 mg. While loratadine 10 mg has inferior efficacy for patients to the other antihistamine treatments.

Perioperative Kounis syndrome in an older adult

Introduction: Kounis syndrome (KS) is myocardial ischemia secondary to the release of inflam matory mediators (mastocyte degranulation) during an allergic reaction. Adult anaphylaxis is often triggered by medications, of which antibiotics are the most frequently reported. Objective: to study the presentation of and clinical approach to a patient with Kounis syndrome and increase the diagnostic suspicion of a disease which does not have a standardized treatment and is not supported by clinical practice guidelines. Case presentation: we present the case of a 62-year-old adult patient with chest pain and anginal equivalents following perioperative anaphylactic shock during a scheduled open cholecystectomy for gallstones, with subsequent acute myocardial infarction without ST elevation, and coronary artery lesions or atheromatous disease ruled out by arteriography. Conclusions: Kounis syndrome is an underdiagnosed entity with a variable clinical presenta tion and no concrete or standardized treatment. This therefore encourages the development of a greater case history and the structuring of widely disseminated guidelines for its treatment. (Acta Med Colomb 2022; 47. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2022.2289).

Introducción: el síndrome de Kounis (SDK) corresponde a una isquemia miocárdica secundaria a la liberación de mediadores inflamatorios (degranulación de mastocitos) durante una reacción alérgica. La anafilaxia en adultos comúnmente es desencadenada por medicamentos, de los cuales los antibióticos son los más frecuentemente informados. Objetivo: estudiar la forma de presentación y abordaje clínico de un paciente con síndrome de Kounis y aumentar la sospecha diagnóstica de una patología que no tiene un tratamiento estanda rizado o respaldado por guías de práctica clínica. Presentación de caso: se presenta el caso de una paciente adulta de 62 años con dolor pre cordial y equivalentes anginosos posterior a un choque anafiláctico perioperatorio durante una colecistectomía abierta realizada de forma programada por colelitiasis, con posterior infarto agudo de miocardio sin elevación del ST, con arteriografía que descartó lesiones en arterias coronarias o enfermedad ateromatosa. Conclusiones: el síndrome de Kounis es una entidad subdiagnosticada, con presentación clínica variable y sin un tratamiento concreto o estandarizado, lo que motiva a realizar una mayor casuística y estructurar recomendaciones de amplia difusión respecto a su tratamiento. (Acta Med Colomb 2022; 47. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2022.2289).

Immunocytochemical evidence of histamine 1 and histamine 2 receptors on mice sperm

Histamine is a biogenic amine which is synthesised by L-histidine decarboxylase enzyme (HDC). The histamine 1 and 2 antagonist administrations have been highly reported to cause detrimental effect on sperm parameters, which arisen the speculation of histamine 1 (H1R) and histamine 2 (H2R) receptors might be present in sperm. The present study was aimed to provide evidence on the localisation of H1R and H2R on mice sperm through immunocytochemistry. The sperm was harvested from cauda epididymis. After one hour of incubation, sperm suspension was smeared onto a poly-lysine-coated slide and allowed to dry before fixation and permeabilisation processes. The primary antibody encoded for receptors was exposed to the fluorescently tagged antibody; fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugate followed by nuclear staining with 4?, 6-diamino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI). The testis, stomach, and skin were used as the positive controls. Our data showed that both receptors have been expressed on the midpiece and acrosome of mice. The present result was the first discovery of the presence and immunolocalisation of H1R and H2R on mice sperm. Therefore, present study proposes that these receptors could be involved in calcium regulatory mechanism and protein phosphorylation which are responsible for fertilisation-related processes.

Clinical difference between single subtype and mixed subtype chronic urticaria: A retrospective study

Background: The subtypes of chronic urticaria share a common clinical expression, but may show differences phenotypically. Meanwhile, two or more different subtypes of chronic urticaria can coexist in any given patient which may involve different phenotypes. Aims: The study aims to compare the two phenotypes in terms of demographics, clinical profile and treatment response. Methods: In this retrospective study, 2678 chronic urticaria patients were divided into the single subtype chronic urticaria group and mixed subtype chronic urticaria group as was appropriate.The differences in the clinical features, possible causes, urticaria activity score of seven days, dermatology life quality index score, laboratory investigations and response to treatments were evaluated among the two groups. Results: An obvious female predominance was detected in chronic urticaria, especially in mixed subtype chronic urticaria patients. Of the 2678 chronic urticaria patients, there were 837(31.25%) mixed subtype chronic urticaria. Chronic spontaneous urticaria combined with symptomatic dermographism was the most common group in the mixed subtype chronic urticaria. Patients with mixed subtype chronic urticaria were more likely to have associated chest tightness/shortness of breath and showed greater urticaria activity. In patients with single subtype chronic urticaria, the positive rate of family history with allergic rhinitis, asthma or urticaria was lower. Based on evaluation of the treatment, control with second-generation antihistamines at licensed doses was achieved in only 38.83% of mixed subtype chronic urticaria patients, compared with 56.32% of patients with single subtype. Limitations: First, this study was a single-center design retrospective study. Second, omalizumab treatment was not included. Third, the differences between different subtypes of mixed subtype chronic urticaria were not discussed in detail. Conclusion: This study showed that mixed subtype chronic urticaria had some distinct features. Comprehensive knowledge about it may help us define effective therapeutic strategies and improve symptom control and the quality of life for chronic urticaria patients

Urticária aquagênica: relato de caso e revisão de literatura / Aquagenic urticaria: a case report and literature review

A urticária aquagênica é uma forma rara de urticária crônica induzida (UCInd) desencadeada por um estímulo específico. A patogênese não é totalmente compreendida, mas os sintomas se iniciam minutos após a exposição cutânea à água, independentemente de sua temperatura, e as urticas têm o padrão foliculocêntricas. O diagnóstico é confirmado através do teste de provocação, e o tratamento de primeira linha são os anti-histamínicos de segunda geração. Neste artigo, relatamos um caso de urticária aquagênica e fazemos uma breve revisão da literatura sobre o tema.

Aquagenic urticaria is a rare form of chronic inducible urticaria (CIndU) triggered by a specific stimulus. Pathogenesis is not fully understood, but symptoms appear minutes after cutaneous exposure to water, regardless of temperature, and wheals have a folliculocentric pattern. The diagnosis of CIndU is confirmed by provocation testing using established protocols, and first-line treatment is second-generation antihistamines. In this article, we report a case of aquagenic urticaria and provide a brief review of the relevant literature.

Quantitative determination of endogenous histamine and histidine in biological matrices by double adsorption based on HPLC-MS/MS / 中国药科大学学报

@#An innovative approach to quantitatively analyze the histamine and its precursor histidine simultaneously in biological matrices was established for the first time based on double adsorption combined with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS).The internal standard was 2-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB).The plasma and brain tissue homogenate was protein precipitated with 3-fold acetonitrile, and the supernatant was then sampled for injection analysis.The chromatographic separation of the target components was achieved on an amino chromatography column (ODS-SPXBridge? Amide).Gradient elution was carried out with the mobile phase consisting of solvent A (0.1% formic acid and 1mmol/L ammonium formate in water) and solvent B (acetonitrile).Mass spectrometry was employed for quantitative analysis with ESI ion source in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode.In order to improve the specificity and accuracy, activated carbon and calcite were used for the double adsorption of biological matrices for the first time.The adsorbed matrix was then used for methodology validation.The results showed that histamine and histidine were linear in the quantitative range (correlation coefficient r ≥ 0.999).Accuracy, precision, extraction recovery, matrix effect and stability all met the requirements of biological sample analysis.All results suggested that the present method could not only be efficiently and reliably used for simultaneous quantitative analysis of histamine and histidine in biological samples, but also provide reference for the detection of other endogenous substances.

Histamine H / 中国药理学通报

Pitolisant is an orally active histamine H

Feasibility study on BN rats and RBL-2H3 cells as models of allergic reaction to Yin Zhihuang injection / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the establishment of BN rat animal model and RBL-2H3 cell model of allergic reaction to Yinzhihuang injection. Methods ASA test was performed to compare the symptoms and grades of allergic reactions in BN rats and Hartley guinea pigs, and serum IgE and histamine levels were detected. The amount of histamine released from RBL-2H3 cell supernatant was measured after Yinzhihuang injection affected, and the intracellular Ca

Eficacia y seguridad de la combinación de fexofenadina con montelukast en el tratamiento de la rinitis alérgica / Efficacy and safety of combined therapy of fexofenadine and montelukast for the treatment of allergic rhinitis

El propósito de este trabajo fue revisar la literatura científica que evalúa la eficacia y seguridad de las monoterapias de fexofenadina y montelukast, la terapia combinada (fija o en asociación) de montelukast - fexofenadina, así como de montelukast con otros antihistamínicos de segunda generación en el tratamiento de la rinitis alérgica. Se realizó una estrategia de búsqueda bibliográfica de múltiples etapas, en donde se identificaron estudios basados en ensayos clínicos y estudios no aleatorizados (ensayo controlado no aleatorizado, controlado antes-después, de series de tiempo interrumpidas, con controles históricos, de cohorte, de casos y controles, estudio transversal, y series de casos) en pacientes con rinitis alérgica, en las bases de datos MEDLINE/ PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Biblioteca Cochrane, Redalyc y Colección BVS y debido a la cantidad de resultados obtenidos se incluyó la búsqueda en Hinari. Con base en esta revisión se concluye que las combinaciones de antihistamínicos de segunda generación y antagonistas de leucotrienos y, en particular, la combinación fija de fexofenadina ­ montelukast es eficaz, segura y favorece la adherencia al tratamiento, y a largo plazo también ayuda a alcanzar el objetivo terapéutico.

The purpose of this work was to review the scientific literature that evaluates the efficacy and safety of monotherapies of fexofenadine and montelukast, the combined therapy (fixed-dose or separate drug combinations) of montelukast-fexofenadine, as well as the use of montelukast together with other second-generation antihistamines in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. A multistage literature search strategy was designed, including clinical trials and non-randomized studies (non-randomized controlled trial, controlled before-after study, interrupted time series study, historical control study, cohort study, case-control study, crosssectional study, and case series) evaluating patients with allergic rhinitis. The databases MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Redalyc, BVS Collection, and, due to the number of results obtained, Hinari were included. Based on this review, the conclusion is that the combinations of secondgeneration antihistamines with leukotriene antagonists and, in particular, the fixed combination of fexofenadine-montelukast are effective, safe and promote treatment adherence. In the long term, they also help achieve therapeutic goals.

Diagnosis and treatment of chronic urticaria: current status and future prospects / 中华皮肤科杂志

The etiology and pathogenesis of chronic urticaria are complex. The main traditional treatment is oral antihistamines. With the progressive development in the biomedical field, targeted therapy has gradually become a new treatment option. Anti-immunoglobulin E monoclonal antibodies (omalizumab) can rapidly improve patients′ condition and enhance their quality of life during the treatment of chronic urticaria, and its clinical efficacy and safety have been gradually confirmed in clinical practice. This article summarizes and analyzes the current status of clinical diagnosis and treatment of chronic urticaria, discusses some common problems and corresponding strategies, and provides a reference for clinical management of these patients.