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Objective:To investigate the influencing factors of cardiac autonomic dysfunction in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients by recording 48 h heart rate variability.Methods:It was a single-center cross-sectional study. MHD patients at the Hemodialysis Center of Peking University People's Hospital between October 1, 2021 and December 31, 2022 were enrolled in the study. These patients initiated hemodialysis for more than three months and were older than 18 years old, and patients with tachyarrhythmia, implanted cardiac pacemaker and the recording time less than 48 h were excluded. Demographic data, comorbidity, laboratory data, hemodialysis session data and heart rate variability were collected. Multivariate linear regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for cardiac autonomic dysfunction in MHD patients.Results:A total of 110 patients were enrolled in the study, including 37 females (33.6%) and 36 diabetic patients (32.7%). The age of the patients was (57.8±14.8) years old, and the median dialysis vintage was 73.00(27.75±130.25) months. At baseline, the serum phosphate level was (1.6±0.4) mmol/L, and the N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) after ln transformed {ln[NT-proBNP(ng/L)]} was 8.4±1.2. The standard deviation of all normal R-R interval (SDNN) was (90.6±27.9) ms, ln[root mean square of successive differences in R-R interval (RMSSD, ms)] 3.2±0.8, ln[low frequency (ms 2)] 3.4±1.3, ln[high frequency (ms 2)] 3.1±1.4, and ln[low frequency/high frequency ratio] 0.28±0.64. After adjusting the age, coronary heart disease, diabetes, hemoglobin, serum phosphate and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, serum natrium ( β=2.042, 95% CI 0.021–4.064, P=0.048) and ln[NT-proBNP (ng/L)] ( β=-7.027, 95% CI -12.247–-1.808, P=0.009) were independently correlated with SDNN (adjusted R2=0.218). Univariate linear regression model showed that diabetes was correlated with ln[low frequency(ms 2)] of MHD patients ( β=-0.659, 95% CI -1.171–-0.146, P=0.012), but in the multivariate linear regression model, significant correlation between diabetes and low frequency was not found. After adjusting the diabetes, coronary heart disease, dialysis vintage, hemoglobin, serum phosphate, serum albumin, pre-dialysis systolic blood pressure, post-dialysis systolic blood pressure, pre-dialysis diastolic blood pressure, increasing age ( β=-0.011, 95% CI -0.019–-0.003, P=0.007) and ln[NT-proBNP(ng/L)] ( β=-0.151, 95% CI -0.253–-0.048, P=0.004) were independently correlated with a decrease in the ln[low frequency/high frequency ratio]. In the multivariate linear regression model with ln[high frequency(ms 2)] or ln[RMSSD(ms)] as dependent variable, after adjusting the relevant factors, serum phosphate level was independently correlated with ln[RMSSD(ms)] ( β=-0.421, 95% CI -0.777–-0.065, P=0.021) or ln[high frequency(ms 2)] ( β=-0.752, 95% CI -1.325–-0.180, P=0.010). Conclusions:Hyperphosphatemia is an independent influencing factor of parasympathetic nervous system in MHD patients. Higher NT-proBNP is associated with lower SDNN and lower ratio of low frequency/high frequency, so serum phosphate control and volume control should be highlighted. Age is associated with autonomic dysfunction in MHD patients, so more attention should be paid to elder patients.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of ginkgolide B on neurological function recovery and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway after ischemic stroke in mice.Methods:Fifty-five C57/BL6 mice were selected, of which 10 mice were kept as the sham group and the remaining 45 mice were constructed as the ischemic stroke model. There were 40 mice who finally completed the modeling, and then they were randomly divided into the blank control group (GB0w), short-course administration group (GB1w), long-term administration group (GB2w), and long-term administration+antagonist group (GB2w+PRI-724), with 10 mice in each group. There was no drug intervention after MCAO in GB0w. The mice in GB1w were given ginkgolide B (10 mg/kg) 0.1 ml within 1 week after MCAO; in GB2w were given ginkgolide B (10 mg/kg) 0.1 ml within 2 weeks after MCAO; and in GB2w+PRI-724 were nasally fed ginkgolide B (10 mg/kg) 0.1 ml within 2 weeks after MCAO; and selective antagonist PRI-724 was given 3 h before administration of ginkgolide B on days 8 to 14. Neurological function scores, walking on rotor bar test scores, expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Wnt, β-catenin, and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) were compared among the groups.Results:Compared with the sham group, the expressions of MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, FGF4, and GSK-3β in GB0w, GB1w, GB2w, and GB2w+ PRI-724 were increased, and the expressions of GSH-Px, SOD, TGF-β1, β-catenin, and Wnt were decreased (all P < 0.001). Compared with GB0w, the expressions of SOD, GSH-Px, TGF-β1, Wnt, and β-catenin were increased in GB1w, GB2w, and GB2w+PRI-724, and the expressions of MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, FGF4, and GSK-3β were decreased (all P < 0.001). Compared with GB1w, the expressions of GSH-Px, SOD, TGF-β 1, Wnt, and β-catenin were increased in GB2w and GB2w+PRI-724, and the expressions of IL-6, TNF-α, MDA, FGF4, and GSK-3β were decreased (all P < 0.001). Compared with GB2w, the neural function score, walking on the stick test score, and expressions of IL-6, TNF-α, FGF4, MDA, and GSK-3β were increased in GB2w+PRI-724, while the expressions of GSH-Px, TGF-β1, SOD, Wnt, and β-catenin were decreased (all P < 0.001). Conclusions:Ginkgolide B can effectively improve the neurological function of ischemic stroke mice and may be related to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Aim: To assess the fine sensation of palms and soles in field conditions, to enable early detection of nerve function impairment before the loss of protective sensation, thus preventing the development of disability. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at seven tertiary referral hospitals located in different states in India. This study included all newly diagnosed patients affected by leprosy, who were registered during the period between March 2011 and April 2012. A detailed history was taken along with charting and voluntary muscle testing /sensory testing (VMT/ST) for the diagnosed patients. The sensation was measured using 0.2 gm Semmes-Weinstein filaments for palms and 4 gm for soles first, followed by 2 gm Semmes-Weinstein filaments for palms and 10 gm for soles. Results: Among the 374 patients, 106 were identified with sensory nerve function impairment. Of the 106 patients, 84 were identified with absence of both fine and protective sensation and 22 patients had a loss of fine touch sensation with protective sensation intact. Limitation: This study was conducted only among patients who were newly diagnosed with leprosy. Hence, future longitudinal studies in a larger population will add more validity to the study. Conclusion: The patients who had loss of fine sensation would have been missed by the normal leprosy programme protocol which uses 2 gm and 10 gm filaments for testing sensory loss before initiating steroid therapy. Further research is needed to determine whether testing for fine sensation with 0.2 gm Semmes-Weinstein filaments for palms and 4 gm for soles can be introduced at all specialized leprosy centres to detect nerve function impairment at an earlier stage followed by steroid therapy.
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Objective:To explore the effect of sciatic nerve derived exosomes(SN-EXO) on axon regeneration and functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury(PNI).Methods:From March 2021 to October 2022, the Department of Orthopedics of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University studied the effect of SN-EXO on the proliferation of Schwann cells(SCs) through EdU cell proliferation experiment. Twenty-one healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups of sham operation, peripheral nerve injury(PNI) and SN-EXO treatment, with 7 rats in each group. The right sciatic nerves of rat models in sham group were exposed without injury. In the rat in PNI group and SN-EXO treatment group, PBS and SN-EXO were injected under the epineurium of right sciatic nerves following sciatic nerve crush. Sciatic nerve function index(SFI) was performed at 28 days after operation, and then sacrificed. Right sciatic nerves were removed for further exploration of nerve regeneration. The histopathological changes and axon arrangement of sciatic nerves were evaluated by HE staining. Regeneration efficiency of neurofilaments and SCs were obserred by NF200 and S100β double staining of sciatic nerve. The data obtained were statistically analyzed, and P<0.05 was statistically significant. Results:It was found that SN-EXO can significantly enhance the proliferation ability of SCs, with statistically significant difference( P<0.05). SFI in SN-EXO treatment group and PNI group were(-27.65±4.36) and(-57.33±7.49), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant( P<0.05). Axons in SN-EXO treatment group were arranged more closely and orderly than those in the PNI group at 28 days after operation, and there were less injury induced axon disintegration and vacuolation. Immunofluorescence assay indicated that NF200 and S100β fluorescence intensity in SN-EXO treatment group was significantly higher than that in the PNI group, and the difference was statistically significant( P<0.05). Conclusion:SN-EXO could enhance the proliferation of SCs to promote axon regeneration following peripheral nerve injury.
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Objective:To explore the effect of Qixian Tongluo Prescription fumigation on nerve function and rehabilitation effect in patients with hemiplegia after cerebral infarction of qi-deficiency blood stasis syndrome.Methods:Randomized controlled trial. Sixty-eight patients with hemiplegia after cerebral infarction of qi-deficiency blood stasis syndrome in the hospital were enrolled between October 2020 and December 2021. According to random odd-even numbering method, participants were divided into the control group (routine western medicine) and the observation group (Qixian Tongluo Prescription fumigation on basis of control group), 34 in each group. All were continuously treated for 8 weeks. TCM syndromes were scored before and after treatment. The severity of neurological impairment was evaluated by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). The severity of limb movement disorder was evaluated by Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA). The levels of central nervous specific protein (S-100β), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), endothelin (ET), nitric oxide (NO), C-reactive protein (CRP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected by ELISA. The clinical response rate was assessed.Results:There were significant differences in total response rate between the observation group and the control group [94.12% (32/34) vs. 76.47% (26/34); χ2=4.22, P=0.040]. After treatment, scores of hemiplegia, shortness of breath, palpitation and limbs swelling in observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t=3.44, 2.37, 2.72, 3.89, P<0.05 or P<0.01), NIHSS score was significantly lower than that of the control group ( t=6.56, P<0.01), and FMA scores of upper and lower limbs were significantly higher than those in the control group ( t=2.17, 2.78, P<0.05). After treatment, levels of serum S-100β [(0.69±0.27) μg/L vs. (0.85±0.36) μg/L, t=2.07], NSE [(8.36±3.69) μg/L vs. (11.34±4.93) μg/L, t=2.82] and ET [(53.16±12.12) ng/L vs. (61.25±11.31) ng/L, t=2.85] in observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05 or P<0.01), while NO [(82.26±14.53) μmol/L vs. (70.16±12.27) μmol/L, t=3.71] was significantly higher than that of the observation group ( P<0.01). The level of serum CRP in observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group ( t=2.74, P<0.01), and SOD activity was significantly higher than that of the control group ( t=2.49, P<0.05). Conclusion:Qixian Tongluo Prescription fumigation can promote the recovery of nerve function and vascular endothelial function in patients with hemiplegia after cerebral infarction, improve limb disorders and clinical effect.
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OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of standardized Jin's three-needle therapy on limb motor function and nerve function defect in stroke patients, and to evaluate the placebo control method.@*METHODS@#A total of 66 patients with stroke were randomly divided into a Jin's three-needle group (33 cases, 3 cases dropped off) and a placebo needle group (33 cases, 4 cases dropped off). All the patients were treated with conventional medication and rehabilitation treatment. In addition, the patients in the Jin's three-needle group were treated with standardized Jin's three-needle therapy at temporal three points, spirit four points, hand three points, foot three points, upper extremity spasm three points, lower extremity spasm three points, etc.; while the patients in the placebo needle group were treated with placebo needling at identical points. All the treatments were given once a day, 5 days a week, and 3-week treatment was given with an interval of 2 days between weeks. The scores of Fugl-Meyer assessment scale (FMA) and National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) were observed before treatment, 10 d and 21 d into treatment, and the blind evaluation was conducted after treatment.@*RESULTS@#On the 10 d and 21 d into treatment, the FMA scores in both groups were higher than those before treatment (P<0.01), and the NIHSS scores were lower than those before treatment (P<0.01). On the 10 d and 21 d into treatment, the FMA scores in the Jin's three-needle group were higher than those in the placebo needle group (P<0.05); on the 10 d into treatment, the NIHSS score in the Jin's three-needle group was were lower than that in the placebo needle group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups on judging the type of treatment (P>0.05), and the consistency with the real situation was poor (Cohen's kappa coefficient<0.20).@*CONCLUSION@#The standardized Jin's three-needle therapy could effectively improve the limb motor function and nerve function defect in stroke patients. The placebo control method used in this study shows good clinical operability and masking effect.
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Humans , Acupuncture Therapy/methods , Acupuncture Points , Stroke/therapy , Lower Extremity , Needles , Treatment Outcome , Stroke RehabilitationABSTRACT
This study aimed to explore the effect of Ganmai Dazao Decoction on the ethology of rats with posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) and study the related mechanism through the changes in magnetic resonance imaging and protein expression. Sixty rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, namely the normal group, the model group, the low(1 g·kg~(-1)), medium(2 g·kg~(-1)), and high-dose Ganmai Dazao Decoction groups(4 g·kg~(-1)), and the positive control group(intragastric administration with 10.8 mg·kg~(-1) of fluoxetine), with 10 rats in each group. Two weeks after inducing PTSD by single-prolonged stress(SPS) in rats, the positive control group was given fluoxetine hydrochloride capsule by gavage, the low, medium, and high-dose groups were given Ganmai Dazao Decoction by gavage, and both the normal group and the model group were given the same volume of normal saline by gavage, each for 7 days. The open field experiment, elevated cross elevated maze, forced swimming experiment, and new object recognition test were carried out for the behavioral test. Three rats in each group were selected to detect the expression of neuropeptide receptor Y1(NPY1R) protein in the hippocampus by Western blot. Then, the other three rats in each group were selected to use the 9.4T magnetic resonance imaging experiment to observe the overall structural changes in the brain region and the anisotropy fraction of the hippocampus. The results of the open field experiment showed that the total distance and central distance of rats in the model group were significantly lower than those in the normal group, and the total distance and central distance of rats in the middle and high-dose Ganmai Dazao Decoction groups were higher than those in the model group. The results of the elevated cross maze test showed that medium and high-dose Ganmai Dazao Decoction remarkably increased the number of open arm entries and the residence time of open arm of rats with PTSD. The results of the forced swimming experiment showed that the immobility time in the water of the model group rats was significantly higher than that of the normal group, and Ganmai Dazao Decoction hugely reduced the immobility time in the water of rats with PTSD. The results of the new object recognition test showed that Ganmai Dazao Decoction significantly increased the exploration time of new objects and familiar objects in rats with PTSD. The results of Western blot showed that Ganmai Dazao Decoction significantly reduced the expression of NYP1R protein in the hippocampus of rats with PTSD. The 9.4T magnetic resonance examination found that there was no significant difference in the structural image among the groups. In the functional image, the fractional anisotropy(FA value) of the hippocampus in the model group was significantly lower than that in the normal group. The FA value of the hippocampus in the middle and high-dose Ganmai Dazao Decoction groups was higher than that in the model group. Ganmai Dazao Decoction reduces the injury of hippocampal neurons by inhibiting the expression of NYP1R in the hippocampus of rats with PTSD, thereby improving the nerve function injury of rats with PTSD and playing a neuroprotective role.
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Animals , Rats , Ethology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic , Fluoxetine , Hippocampus , Maze LearningABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the effect of torso training on unstable surface on lower limb motor function in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury.@*METHODS@#A total of 80 patients with incomplete spinal cord injury caused by thoracolumbar fracture admitted in Ningbo Yinzhou No.2 Hospital from April 2020 to December 2021 were randomly divided into control group and study group, with 40 cases in each group. In addition to routine training, the control group received torso training on stable surface and the study group received torso training on unstable surface. The gait, lower limb muscle strength, balance function, lower limb function, mobility and nerve function of the two groups were compared.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the stride length, stride frequency and comfortable walking speed improved in the two groups (all P<0.05), and the improvements in study group were more significant (all P<0.05). The muscle strength of quadriceps femoris, gluteus maximus, hamstring, anterior tibialis and gastrocnemius were improved in the two groups (all P<0.05), and the improvements in study group were more significant (all P<0.05); the total trajectories of static eye opening and static eye closing gravity center movement in the two groups were significantly shorter (all P<0.05), and the improvements in the study group were more significant (all P<0.05). The dynamic stability limit range and the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) lower extremity motor score, Berg balance scale, modified Barthel index scale in the two groups were significantly higher (all P<0.05), and these scores in study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). Both groups showed a significant improvement in ASIA grade (all P<0.05), and the improvement in the study group was significantly better (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Torso training on unstable surface can effectively improve the gait and lower limb muscle strength of patients with incomplete spinal cord injury and improve the lower limb motor function.
Subject(s)
Humans , Walking/physiology , Spinal Cord Injuries , Gait/physiology , Lower Extremity , TorsoABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#It has been reported that local vibration therapy can benefit recovery after peripheral nerve injury, but the optimized parameters and effective mechanism were unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of local vibration therapy of different amplitudes on the recovery of nerve function in rats with sciatic nerve injury (SNI).@*METHODS@#Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to SNI and then randomly divided into 5 groups: sham group, SNI group, SNI + A-1 mm group, SNI + A-2 mm group, and SNI + A-4 mm group (A refers to the amplitude; n = 10 per group). Starting on the 7th day after model initiation, local vibration therapy was given for 21 consecutive days with a frequency of 10 Hz and an amplitude of 1, 2 or 4 mm for 5 min. The sciatic function index (SFI) was assessed before surgery and on the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days after surgery. Tissues were harvested on the 28th day after surgery for morphological, immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the SNI group, on the 28th day after surgery, the SFIs of the treatment groups were increased; the difference in the SNI + A-2 mm group was the most obvious (95% confidence interval [CI]: [5.86, 27.09], P < 0.001), and the cross-sectional areas of myocytes in all of the treatment groups were improved. The G-ratios in the SNI + A-1 mm group and SNI + A-2 mm group were reduced significantly (95% CI: [-0.12, -0.02], P = 0.007; 95% CI: [-0.15, -0.06], P < 0.001). In addition, the expressions of S100 and nerve growth factor proteins in the treatment groups were increased; the phosphorylation expressions of ERK1/2 protein in the SNI + A-2 mm group and SNI + A-4 mm group were upregulated (95% CI: [0.03, 0.96], P = 0.038; 95% CI: [0.01, 0.94], P = 0.047, respectively), and the phosphorylation expression of Akt in the SNI + A-1 mm group was upregulated (95% CI: [0.11, 2.07], P = 0.031).@*CONCLUSION@#Local vibration therapy, especially with medium amplitude, was able to promote the recovery of nerve function in rats with SNI; this result was linked to the proliferation of Schwann cells and the activation of the ERK1/2 and Akt signaling pathways.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Peripheral Nerve Injuries/therapy , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/pharmacology , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Sciatic Nerve/metabolism , Sciatic Neuropathy/metabolism , Vibration/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Objective:Effects of pole-specific acupuncture combined with Bobath on upper limb function, daily life ability and nerve function after traumatic brain injury were observed.Methods:A total of 142 patients with cerebral hemiplegia after traumatic brain injury from January 2019 to December 2020, were divided into the Bobath group (47 cases), the pole-specific acupuncture group (47 cases) and combination group (48 cases) by the random number method. Bobath group received Bobath rehabilitation, the pole-specific acupuncture group received pole-specific acupuncture rehabilitation, and combination group was given pole-specific acupuncture rehabilitation and Bobath treatment. The overall rehabilitation efficiency, limb function Fugl-Meyer scale score, Barthel index of daily life ability, nerve function, and other indicators were observed and compared.Results:After treatment, the overall recovery efficiency (86.96%) in combination group was significantly higher than that of the Bobath group (65.96%) and acupuncture group (64.44%)( χ2=5.84, P=0.016). After treatment, the limb function Fugl-Meyer scale (including upper limb and lower limb function scores)( F=19.38, 24.83, all Ps<0.01), daily life ability Barthel index (including cognitive ability situation score, language ability score, self-care ability score, social adaptability score and total score) of combination group were significantly higher than those in the Bobath group and acupuncture group ( F=14.91, 15.87, 18.71, 18.88, 32.62, all Ps<0.001), while the NIHSS score of combination group was significantly lower than that of the Bobath group and acupuncture group ( F=31.71, P<0.01). After treatment, the NE[(58.29±9.82)μg/L vs. (86.29±12.35)μg/L, (88.34±12.87)μg/L, F=33.39], DA[(204.29±20.26)μg/L vs. (278.72±27.56)μg/L, (281.14±27.82)μg/L, F=55.50], 5-HT[(231.27±20.12)μg/L vs. (294.74±29.34)μg/L, (298.19±28.73)μg/L, F=13.86], E[(21.85±3.19)μg/L vs. (28.37±4.07)μg/L, (28.26±4.14)μg/L, F=9.34] of combination group were significantly lower than those in the Bobath group and acupuncture group ( P<0.01). Conclusion:Magnetic pole-specific acupuncture combined with Bobath can improve the function of limbs, daily quality of life and nerve function of the patients with traumatic craniocerebral injury with cerebral palsy.
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Objective:To investigate the efficacy of venlafaxine combined with transcranial direct current stimulation in the treatment of postpartum depression and its effects on neurological function.Methods:A total of 135 patients with postpartum depression who were admitted to Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital from November 2019 to October 2021 were included in this study. They were randomly divided into observation ( n = 70) and control ( n = 65) groups. The control group was treated with venlafaxine alone, and the observation group was treated with an IS200 intelligent electrical stimulator based on the treatment used in the control group. The two groups were treated for 4 weeks. Clinical efficacy and neurological function were compared between the two groups. Results:Total response rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (98.57% vs. 89.23%, χ2 = 7.61, P < 0.05). After treatment, the scores of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Hamilton Depression Scale in the observation group were (8.03 ± 0.79) points and (9.03 ± 3.98) points, respectively, which were significantly lower than (11.74 ± 0.98) points and (14.68 ± 3.79) points in the control group ( t = 3.28, 4.65, both P < 0.05). Standard deviation of heart rate variability, root mean square of successive differences between adjacent NN intervals, ratio of low frequency to high frequency, activity of the autonomic nervous system in the observation group were (32.38 ± 0.93) ms, (27.86 ± 0.78) ms, 1.79 ± 0.19, (86.65 ± 1.21) points, respectively, which were significantly higher than (27.84 ± 0.88) ms, (25.79 ± 0.81) ms, 1.38 ± 0.14, (82.94 ± 1.19) points in the control group ( t = 4.09, 3.72, 2.98, 4.09, all P < 0.05). Conclusion:Venlafaxine combined with transcranial direct current stimulation for treatment of postpartum depression can enhance clinical efficacy and remarkably improve patient's neurological function.
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the elderly. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of AD on cardiac function and autonomic nervous function, and the feasibility of electrocardiogram (ECG) in monitoring the development of AD. APP/PS1 double transgenic mice were used in the Morris water maze (MWM) experiment to evaluate the changes of cognitive ability of AD mice, then the non-invasive ECG acquisition system was used and the changes of ECG intervals and heart rate variability (HRV) were analyzed. AD mice already had cognitive dysfunction at the age of 5 months, reaching the level of mild dementia, and the degree of dementia increased with the course of disease. There were no significant changes in ECG intervals in the AD group at each month. The mean square of successive RR interval differences, percentage of intervals >6 ms different from preceding interval, and normalized high frequency power component in the AD group were decreased and low-to-high frequency power ratio and normalized low frequency power component were increased. Combined with the results of the MWM, it was shown that the regulation mechanism of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves in mice was already imbalanced in early stage AD, which was manifested as the increase of excessive activity of sympathetic nerves and the inhibition of parasympathetic activities. Therefore, ECG-based analysis of HRV may become a means of daily monitoring of AD and provide an auxiliary basis for clinical diagnosis.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of Buyang Huanwutang on the expression of microtubule-associated protein-2(MAP-2), neurofilament-M(NF-M), and growth associated protein-43(GAP-43)in rat sciatic nerve after sciatic nerve transection and anastomosis. To explore the mechanism of Buyang Huanwutang promoting peripheral nerve regeneration. Method:SD rats were selected as the experimental subjects, and sciatic nerve transection model was selected as the experimental model. They were randomly divided into model group, sham operation group, Buyang Huanwutang group high, medium and low dose (29.6, 14.8, 7.4 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>)group, and mecobalamin (0.156 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>)group, the model group and the sham operation group were given distilled water intragastric administration. After successful modeling, each group was treated with relevant drugs for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, sciatic nerve function index(SFI), degree of inclined plate test and hematoxylin-eosin(HE)of sciatic nerve in each group were tested. The expression levels of MAP-2, NF-M, and GAP-43 at the sciatic nerve anastomosis site were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Result:Compared with sham operation group, the expression levels of SFI, inclined plate test, MAP-2, NF-M and GAP-43 in model group were significantly increased (<italic>P</italic><0.01). Compared with model group, the expression levels of SFI, inclined plate test, MAP-2, NF-M and GAP-43 in Buyang Huanwutang high, medium and low-dose groups were significantly increased (<italic>P</italic><0.05,<italic>P</italic><0.01). Conclusion:Buyang Huanwutang has a positive effect on nerve regeneration after sciatic nerve transection and anastomosis in rats.
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Objective:To investigate the relationship between serum ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1) and neuroglobin levels and the prognosis of neurological function in coma patients after cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and to analyze their value in predicting the prognosis of patients.Methods:From February 2018 to June 2020, 45 comatose patients admitted to the Chengdu Third People′s Hospital of Sichuan Province after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation were prospectively selected as the coma group, and 62 patients admitted to the emergency intensive care unit during the same period after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation with consciousness recovered within 24 hours were selected as the control group.Serum UCH-L1 and neuroglobin levels were detected within 24 hours after admission.Glasgow coma Scale (GCS)and cerebral performance category(CPC)were used to evaluate coma severity and neurological prognosis.Spearman rank correlation analyzed the correlation between UCH-L1 and neuroglobin levels and GCS and CPC scores.Logistic regression analyzed the factors affecting the prognosis of neurological function in coma patients after cardiopulmonary resuscitation.Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to analyze the value of UCH-L1 and neuroglobin in predicting the prognosis of neurological function in coma patients after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation.Results:In coma group, serum UCH-L1((0.63±0.21) μg/L) and the concentration of neuroglobin ((89.34±21.35) mg/L) was higher than that in the control group ((0.27±0.08) μg/L, (32.13±9.21) mg/L), the difference was statistically significant( t=12.338, 18.846; all P<0.001). The levels of UCH-L1 and neuroglobin in mild, medium and severe coma groups were increased in turn, and the differences between the groups were statistically significant( F=86.430, 26.958; all P<0.001). The serum levels of UCH-L1((0.72±0.06) μg/L)and neuroglobin ((100.35±5.79) mg/L)in the group with poor neurological prognosis were higher than those in the group with good neurological prognosis((0.52±0.08) μg/L, (75.58±6.91) mg/L), and the differences between the groups were statistically significant( t=9.585, 13.086; all P<0.001). UCH-L1 and neuroglobin were negatively correlated with GCS score(rs=-0.685, -0.669; all P<0.001), and positively correlated with CPC score (rs=0.688, 0.670; all P<0.001). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that low GCS score( OR=0.552, 95% CI: 0.392-0.776, P<0.001), high UCH-L1 ( OR=1.881, 95% CI: 1.276-2.773, P<0.001)and neuroglobin( OR=1.677, 95% CI: 1.206-2.331, P=0.001)were independently associated with poor neurological outcomes in coma patients after cardiopulmonary resuscitation .The AUC of combining UCH-L1 and neuroglobin in predicting poor neurological outcomes in coma patients after cardiopulmonary resuscitation was 0.954, which was higher than that of UCH-L1 and neuroglobin alone (0.821, 0.790) ( Z=2.351, 2.649; all P<0.05). Conclusion:After successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the levels of UCH-L1 and neuroglobin in coma patients are increased.High levels of UCH-L1 and neuroglobin are associated with coma severity and neurological dysfunction, which can be used as a potential biological indicator for prognosis evaluation of neurological function.
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Background:In leprosy nerve function impairment may result from pathological and immunological processes that take place in peripheral nerves. Prevalence rate of leprosy in India is 0.81 per 10,000 populations. The study was undertaken to determine the status of nerve function impairment at the time of registration for therapy in new leprosy patients.Methods:History of the patients was taken and clinical examinations were performed and they were assisted for nerve function impairment by performing sensory test and voluntary muscle power. Results:The most commonly affected nerve by function impairment was theposterior tibial, followed by the ulnar nerve. In the present study 29% patients had grade 1 disability and 10% had grade 2 disabilities.Conclusions:The loss of nerve function and incapacitating deformities occurring in a small proportion of leprosy patients result in serious social and psychological impact in their quality of life. Therefore,early detection of nerve function impairment is needed to avoid complications and better management of leprosy.
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BACKGROUND: Umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells can penetrate the ependyma into the brain tissue via the systemic circulation, migrate into the injury area and differentiate into neurons. They are as substitute cells applied in the treatment of central nervous system diseases OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on the functional recovery of nerve and expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase in the brain tissue of cerebral infarction rats. METHODS: One hundred and thirty rats were enrolled and were randomly divided into control group (n=30), model group (n=30), umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell 1 group (n=35) and umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell 2 group (n=35). The control group was not given any treatment. The rat models of cerebral infarction were made by internal carotid artery suture method in the other groups. At 1 and 4 days after successful modeling, 2×106 umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells were transplanted into tail vein in the umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell 1 and 2 groups. The levels of reactive oxygen species and superoxide dismutase were detected at 24 hours after transplantation. The nerve function score was detected by Y-maze test at 7 and 14 days after transplantation. The neuronal apoptosis in the center of lesions was detected by TUNEL assay. The expression levels of Caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2 and telomerase reverse transcriptase proteins around the infarct lesion were detected by western blot assay. The mRNA expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase around infarct lesions was detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, in the model group, the error number in the Y-maze test, nerve function scores, apoptotic index, expression levels of Caspase-3 and Bax, and level of reactive oxygen species were significantly increased (P < 0.05), the expression of Bcl-2 and telomerase reverse transcriptase protein and mRNA, and level of superoxide dismutase were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, in the umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell 1 and 2 groups, the error number in the Y-maze test, nerve function score, apoptotic index, expression of Caspase-3 and Bax, and level of reactive oxygen species were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), while the expression of Bcl-2 and telomerase reverse transcriptase protein and mRNA and level of superoxide dismutase were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell 2 group, in the umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell 1 group, the error number in the Y-maze test, nerve function score, apoptotic index, expression of Caspase-3 and Bax, and level of reactive oxygen species were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), while the expression of Bcl-2 and telomerase reverse transcriptase protein and mRNA and level of superoxide dismutase were significantly increased (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation can effectively promote the neurological recovery in rats with cerebral infarction, and up-regulate the expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase in rat brain tissue. Moreover, earlier cell transplantation indicates better effects.
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Objective To compare the influences of microsurgical clipping and intravascular interventional embolization on the nerve function recovery in patients with posterior communicating aneurysm combined with oculomotor paralyses.Methods Eighty-six patients with posterior communicating artery aneurysm accompanied by oculomotor nerve palsy admitted to Qianjiang Central Hospital of Chongqing from May 2015 to May 2017 were randomly divided into observation group (n =43) and control group (n =43) by random number table method.The control group was treated with microsurgical clipping,while the observation group was treated with intravascular interventional embolization.The therapeutic effect,neurological function recovery,postoperative complications and prognosis of the two groups were compared.Results The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative respiratory recovery time and postoperative extubation time of the observation group were significantly less than those of the control group (P < 0.05);the complete recovery of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group,and no recovery was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05);the incidence of complications in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05);the proportion of 5 points in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05).Conclusions Intravascular interventional embolization in the treatment of posterior communicating aneurysm combined with oculomotor paralyses can promote the recovery of nerve function,reduce the incidence of postoperative complications,have a good prognosis and a definite effect,which can be used as the first choice of treatment.
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Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Sanjiao Cidi therapy on acute cerebral infarction and its effect on levels of S100-β protein (S100-β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and neuropeptide (NPY). Method:One hundred and eighty patients were randomly divided into control group (90 cases) and observation group (90 cases) by random number table. Patients in control group got aspirin enteric-coated tablets, 100 mg/time, 1 time/day, edaravone injection (injected within 30 minutes) for 14 days, 30 mg/time, 2 times/day, simvastatin tablets, 20 mg/time, 1 time/day. In addition to the basic therapy of meloxicam tablets, patients in observation group were also treated with Sanjiao Cidi therapy. In the first step, patients got Guizhi therapy to dredge Zhongjiao and Shangjiao, 1 dose/day, for 8 days. In the second step, patients got Sini therapy to dredge Zhongjiao and Xiajiao, 1 dose/day, for 10 days. In the third step, patients got Tianjing Gubentherapy, 1 dose/day, for 10 days. The course of treatment was 4 weeks. Before the treatment, and at the first, second, third and fourth weeks after treatment, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was scored. And before and after treatment, function scale of fuglmeyer (FMA), ability of daily life activities (ADL), mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and main symptoms of traditional Chinese medicine were scored. Comprehensive assessment of patient report outcome (PRO) was made. And levels of S100-β, hs-CRP, TNF-α and NPY were detected. And the incidence rate of pulmonary infection, urinary infection, skeletal myalgia, shoulder hand syndrome and shoulder subluxation of patients were recorded during hospitalization. Result:The clinical efficacy in observation group was better than that in control group (Z=2.141, P<0.05). Scores of NIHSS in observation group were lower than those in control group at the first, second, third and fourth weeks after treatment (P<0.01). Scores of upper limb, legs and the total scores from FMA were higher than those in control group (P<0.01). Scores of the main symptoms of traditional Chinese medicine, symptoms, psychological and social scores, total scores of PRO, S100-β, hs-CRP, TNF-α and NPY were lower than those in the observation group (P<0.01). And scores of ADL and MMSE were higher than those in control group (P<0.01). Total incidence of complications in observation group was 27.27%(21/77), which was lower than 46.15%(36/78) in control group (χ2=5.941, P<0.05). Conclusion:In addition to conventional western medicine treatment, Sanjiao Cidi therapy can treat the patients with acute cerebral infarction, alleviate the degree of neurological deficit, improve the cognitive function, motor function of limbs and the ability of daily life, reduce the main symptoms of traditional Chinese medicine, the incidence of complications and the inflammatory response, protect the nerve cells, with a better clinical efficacy and comprehensive effect in patients than pure Western medicine.
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Background: The occurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms in cirrhotic patients with gastroesophageal varices (GOV) after endoscopic treatment is obvious, and the role of gastric myoelectrical activity (GMA) and autonomic nerve function imbalance in the development of gastrointestinal symptoms has not been clarified. Aims: To investigate the changes of GMA and autonomic nerve function in cirrhotic patients with GOV after endoscopic treatment. Methods: Twenty-five cirrhotic patients with GOV from May 2019 to October 2019 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were enrolled, and 10 patients with gastric polyp were served as controls. Electrogastrogram (EGG) and heart rate variability (HRV) were detected before the operation, 1 day after the operation and 5 days after the operation in GOV group. For the gastric polyp group, EGG and HRV were detected before the operation and 1 day after the operation. Changes of GMA and autonomic nerve function were compared between the two groups. Results: No significant differences in GMA and autonomic nerve function were found between GOV group and gastric polyp group before and 1 day after the operation (P>0.05). LF, LF/HF were significantly increased 1 day after the operation in GOV group (P0.05). There were no significant differences in GMA and autonomic nerve function 1 day after the operation compared with pre-operation in gastric polyp group (P>0.05). Compared with Child-Pugh A group, Child-Pugh B group had more obvious GMA abnormalities, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions: In cirrhotic patients with GOV, the percentage of bradygastria and the sympathetic activity increased, and the vagal activity decreased 1 day after the operation. These results suggest that GMA and autonomic nerve dysfunction may be related to the gastrointestinal symptoms after endoscopic treatment.
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OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effectiveness of Jingjin (muscle region) needling in the treatment of Hunt facial paralysis (HFP). METHODS: A total of 80 HFP patients were randomly divided into acupuncture and medication groups (n=40 cases/group). Jingjin needling was applied to Yangbai(GB14) to Shangxing (GV23), Touwei (ST8), Cuanzhu (BL2), Sizhukong (TE23,penetrative needling), Dicang (ST4) to Jiache (ST6, penetrative needling), Yingxiang(LI20) and Xiaguan(ST7), Hegu(LI4), Yifeng (TE17), Yuyao (EX-HN 4), and Shenmai (BL62), with the needles retained for 30 min. The treatment was conducted once daily, with 10 consecutive days being a therapeutic course, and 3 courses altogether. Patients of the medication group received oral administration of Prednisone acetate (12 days), Acyclovir (7 days), intramuscular injection of Vitamin B12 and Vitamin B1(10 days), then, oral administration of Vitamin B1, successively. The therapeutic effect was assessed by using House-Brackman (H-B) facial function grading system (grade I to VI), traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) sign and symptom score, and facial disability index (FDI) scale including FDI physical function (FDIP, food and water swallowing, speaking-pronouncing, dryness or tearing, and mouth-opening) and FDI social function (FDIS, self-rating anxiety/depression scales), separately. RESULTS: After the treatment, the TCM symptom and sign scores for depth of nasolabial groove, nose shrugging, lower lip asymmetry, food retention and post-auricular pain were significantly lower in the medication group (P<0.05).After the treatment, the TCM symptom and sign scores for frontal muscle movement, eyelid opening and closing, depth of nasolabial groove, nose shrugging, lower lip asymmetry, cheek blowing, food retention, latissimus cervicalis contraction, taste disorder, hearing hypersensitivity, tears and discomfort and post-auricular pain were significantly lower in the acupuncture group (P<0.05).Comparison between two groups showed that the TCM symptom and sign scores for frontal muscle movement, eyelid opening and closing, depth of nasolabial groove, nose shrugging, lower lip asymmetry, cheek blowing, food retention, latissimus cervicalis contraction, taste disorder, hearing hypersensitivity, tears and discomfort and post-auricular pain were significantly lower in the acupuncture group than in the medication group(P<0.05).The scores of FDIP and FDIS were significantly increased in both groups (P<0.01) and notably higher in the acupuncture group than in the medication group (P<0.01) after the treatment. The total effective rate of acupuncture group was 97.5% (39/40), and that of medication group was 72.5% (29/40). The therapeutic effect of the acupuncture group was significantly superior to that of the medication group (P<0.01).. CONCLUSION: Jingjin needling has a good therapeutic effect in improving facial nerve function, psychosomatic function and clinical signs and symptoms in HFP patients, evidently being better than medication.