Targeted therapy for immune mediated skin diseases. What should a dermatologist know?

Abstract Background Molecularly targeted therapies, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and Janus Kinase inhibitors (JAKis), have emerged as essential tools in the treatment of dermatological diseases. These therapies modulate the immune system through specific signaling pathways, providing effective alternatives to traditional systemic immunosuppressive agents. This review aims to provide an updated summary of targeted immune therapies for inflammatory skin diseases, considering their pathophysiology, efficacy, dosage, and safety profiles. Methods The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A systematic search was conducted on PubMed over the past 10 years, focusing on randomized clinical trials, case reports, and case series related to targeted immune therapies in dermatology. Eligibility criteria were applied, and data were extracted from each study, including citation data, study design, and results. Results We identified 1360 non-duplicate articles with the initial search strategy. Title and abstract review excluded 1150, while a full-text review excluded an additional 50 articles. The review included 143 studies published between 2012 and 2022, highlighting 39 drugs currently under investigation or in use for managing inflammatory skin diseases. Study limitations The heterogeneity of summarized information limits this review. Some recommendations originated from data from clinical trials, while others relied on retrospective analyses and small case series. Recommendations will likely be updated as new results emerge. Conclusion Targeted therapies have revolutionized the treatment of chronic skin diseases, offering new options for patients unresponsive to standard treatments. Paradoxical reactions are rarely observed. Further studies are needed to fully understand the mechanisms and nature of these therapies. Overall, targeted immune therapies in dermatology represent a promising development, significantly improving the quality of life for patients with chronic inflammatory skin diseases.

Efficacy and safety of 0.5% colchicine cream versus 5% 5-fluorouracil cream in the treatment of cutaneous field cancerization: a randomized clinical trial

Abstract Background 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a first-line drug to treat cutaneous field cancerization (CFC). There are few clinical trials with topical colchicine (COL). Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of 0.5% COL cream versus 5% 5-FU cream in the treatment of CFC. Method This was a randomized, open, self-controlled clinical trial. Forty-five patients (90 forearms), with three to ten actinic keratoses (AK) on each forearm, used 0.5% COL cream 2×/day for seven days on one forearm, and 5% 5-FU cream 2× /day, for 21 days, on the other forearm. The dosages were defined based on previous clinical trials for each drug. Adverse effects were evaluated after 14 days and outcomes after 90 days of inclusion. The primary outcome was complete AK clearance and the secondary outcomes were: partial clearance (≥50%), reduction in AK count, assessment of the Forearm Photoaging Scale (FPS), AK Severity Score (AKSS), and adverse effects. Results After 90 days, there was complete clearance of AK in 37% (95% CI 24%-49%) and partial clearance in 85% (95% CI 76%-93%) of the forearms treated with 5-FU,versus 17% (95% CI 7%-27%) and 78% (95% CI 66%-88%) for COL (p > 0.07). There was a percentage reduction of 75% in the AK count of the forearms treated with 5-FU (95% CI 66%-83%) and 64% in those treated with COL (95% CI 55%-72%). Regarding FPS and AKSS, there was improvement in both groups, with no difference regarding FPS (p = 0.654), and 5-FU superiority for AKSS (p = 0.012). Study limitations Single-center study. Conclusions 5-FU and COL are effective for treating CFC, with neither showing superiority regarding the reduction in AK counts.

Tattoos: risks and complications, clinical and histopathological approach

Abstract Background Skin modification through tattoos is as old as humanity itself. However, this trend is on the rise, and with the use of different types of pigments and application practices, both cutaneous and systemic complications can arise. Adverse reactions can be grouped into five classes: inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, aesthetic, and miscellaneous. On histopathology, inflammatory reactions can exhibit a lichenoid pattern or present as spongiotic dermatitis, granulomatous reactions, pseudolymphoma, pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, or scleroderma/morphea-like changes. This article reviews tattoo complications, including their clinical and histopathological characteristics. Methods An open search was conducted on PubMed using the terms "tattoo", "complications", and "skin". No limits were set for period, language, or publication type of the articles. Results Reactions to tattoos are reported in up to 67% of people who get tattooed, with papulonodular and granulomatous reactions being the most common. Some neoplastic complications have been described, but their causality is still debated. Any pigment can cause adverse reactions, although red ink is more frequently associated with them. Patients with pre-existing dermatoses may experience exacerbation or complications of their diseases when getting tattoos; therefore, this procedure is not recommended for this patient group. Conclusions Dermatological consultation is recommended before getting a tattoo, as well as a histopathological examination in case of complications. In patients who develop cutaneous inflammatory reactions following tattooing, additional studies are recommended to investigate systemic diseases such as sarcoidosis, pyoderma gangrenosum, atopic dermatitis, and neoplasms. It is important for physicians to be trained in providing appropriate care in case of complications.

Follicular unit grafting in chronic ulcers: a valuable technique for integrated management

Abstract Chronic ulcers significantly affect the quality of life of patients and impose a high cost on the healthcare system. The therapeutic management should be comprehensive, taking into consideration the etiological diagnosis of the wound and the characteristics of the wound bed when deciding on a therapeutic proposal appropriate to the healing phase, correcting factors that delay healing. During the epithelialization phase, repair techniques with grafts are recommended to shorten re-epithelialization time, improve the quality of scar tissue, and achieve adequate pain management. Currently, due to the reported benefits of skin appendages, the technique of follicular unit auto-grafting obtained with a scalp punch is among the chosen strategies for wound repair. This is a minimally invasive, outpatient practice, whose technique has advantages over the donor site, patients recovery and well-being.

Tratamento de infecções localizadas em feridas de difícil cicatrização: uma revisão integrativa / Treatment of Localized Infections in Hard-to-Heal Wounds: An Integrative Review / Tratamiento de infecciones localizadas en heridas de difícil cicatrización: una revisión integrativa

Objetivo: Identificar la producción de conocimiento sobre el tratamiento de infecciones localizadas en heridas de difícil cicatrización. Método: Revisión integrativa de la literatura realizada en la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud; Base de datos de enfermería; Scientific Electronic Library; Web of Science; Biblioteca Cochrane; Catálogo de Tesis y Disertaciones de la Coordinación para el Perfeccionamiento del Personal de Educación Superior; y PubMed. Los artículos seleccionados no tienen límite de tiempo. Los estudios fueron exportados a la aplicación Rayyan y sometidos a evaluación doble ciego mediante la lectura del título y el resumen, según los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. La información fue analizada y sintetizada según el nivel de evidencia. Resultados: 19 estudios fueron incluidos para lectura completa. Se encontró como evidencia la higiene de la herida; la limpieza con ácido acético al 1%; la identificación y el tratamiento de biopelículas; el uso de cobertores y soluciones con acción antimicrobiana. Conclusión: La infección localizada de la herida ha sido objeto de varias investigaciones y las prácticas recomendadas se refieren a tratamientos tópicos. (AU)

Objective: To identify the knowledge production on the treatment of localized infections in hard-to-heal wounds. Method: An integrative literature review was conducted in the Virtual Health Library, Nursing Database, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Catalog of Theses and Dissertations of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel, and PubMed. The selected articles had no time limit. The studies were exported to the Rayyan application and subjected to double-blind evaluation through title and abstract reading, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The information was analyzed and synthesized according to the level of evidence. Results: A total of 19 publications were fully analyzed. The evidence obtained on the topic includes wound hygiene, cleaning with 1% acetic acid, identification and treatment of biofilms, the use of dressings, and solutions with antimicrobial action. Conclusion: Localized wound infections have been the subject of various research studies, and the recommended practices refer to topical treatments. (AU)

Objetivo: Identificar a produção de conhecimento sobre o tratamento de infecções localizadas em feridas de difícil cicatrização. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Base de Dados de Enfermagem, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Web of Science, Biblioteca Cochrane, Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior e Public Medline. Os artigos selecionados não possuem limite temporal. Os estudos foram exportados para o aplicativo Rayyan e submetidos à avaliação duplo-cega por meio da leitura do título e do resumo, com base nos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. As informações foram analisadas e sintetizadas de acordo com o nível de evidência. Resultados: Foram analisadas 19 publicações em sua totalidade. Obteve-se como evidências acerca do tema a higienização da ferida, a limpeza com ácido acético 1%, a identificação e o tratamento de biofilmes, o uso de coberturas e as soluções com ação antimicrobiana. Conclusão: A infecção localizada de feridas tem sido objeto de várias pesquisas e as práticas recomendadas referem-se a tratamentos tópicos. (AU)

Comparison of Anatomically of Medial Plantar Flap versus Reverse Sural Fasciocutaneous Flap in the Treatment of Skin Defects After Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Excision

SUMMARY: To compare the advantages and disadvantages of reverse sural fasciocutaneous flap (RSFF) versus medial plantar flap (MPF) in the treatment of skin defects after excision of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the heel. The research participants were 80 SCC patients admitted to Lishui People's Hospital between January 2019 and April 2022, who were assigned to RSFF group (n=37) and MPF group (n=43) according to the flap type. After a one-year follow-up, the survival, flap necrosis and ulceration, as well as pain and tactile sensation recovery of both groups were counted. At the last follow-up, the clinical response was evaluated, and Short-Form 36 Item Health Survey (SF-36) and appearance satisfaction surveys were conducted. No patients died in either group, and one patient in each group developed flap necrosis. The MPF group had better sensory recovery and a lower incidence of flap ulceration (P0.05). The cosmetic satisfaction was higher in MPF group than in RSFF group (P<0.05). MPF contributes to beautiful appearance, better sensory recovery, and low risk of long-term ulceration, while RSFF is suitable for lesions with large defects or those located at the lateral heel.

El objetivo del estudio fue comparar las ventajas y desventajas del colgajo fasciocutáneo sural inverso (RSFF) versus el colgajo plantar medial (MPF) en el tratamiento de defectos de la piel después de la escisión de un carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) del talón. Los participantes de la investigación fueron 80 pacientes con CCE ingresados en el Hospital Popular de Lishui entre enero de 2019 y abril de 2022, que fueron asignados al grupo RSFF (n=37) y al grupo MPF (n=43) según el tipo de colgajo. Después de un año de seguimiento, se observó la supervivencia, la necrosis y ulceración del colgajo, así como la recuperación del dolor y la sensación táctil de ambos grupos. En el último seguimiento, se evaluó la respuesta clínica y se realizaron encuestas de salud de formato corto de 36 ítems (SF-36) y encuestas de satisfacción. Ningún paciente falleció en ninguno de los grupos y un paciente de cada grupo desarrolló necrosis del colgajo. El grupo MPF tuvo una mejor recuperación sensorial y una menor incidencia de ulceración del colgajo (P 0,05). La satisfacción cosmética fue mayor en el grupo MPF que en el grupo RSFF (P<0,05). MPF contribuye a una mejor apariencia, mejor recuperación sensorial y un bajo riesgo de ulceración a largo plazo, mientras que RSFF es adecuado para lesiones con defectos grandes o localizados en la parte lateral del talón.

Prevención del cáncer de piel en preescolares: experiencia parental en fotoprotección

Fundamento: como promedio se han generan tres millones de casos de cáncer de piel a nivel global en los últimos años. Esta situación ocurre entre otras razones por la constante exposición a la radiación solar y la no aplicación de fotoprotección. Objetivo: determinar la experiencia parental en fotoprotección durante la infancia. Método: se realizó un estudio etnográfico en la Unidad Educativa de la Parroquia San Juan del Cantón Riobamba, Provincia Chimborazo, durante el período de estudio de octubre 2022 a octubre 2023. Se realizaron 14 entrevistas a cuidadores de preescolares, los que fueron escogidos a través del muestreo no probabilístico. Se dispuso de dos técnicas de recolección de la información: el autorreportaje y la entrevista semiestructurada. Resultados: se describieron cada una de las categorías que emergieron en el estudio según el nivel de frecuencia: fotounidad, fotoexperiencia-conocimiento y fotosanidad. Se construyó un mapa representacional en el cual se determinó que la familia en sí representa la fotounidad, mediante la participación de todos sus miembros en la protección de los efectos nocivos del sol. La sombrilla que cubre a la familia refleja la fotoexperiencia-conocimiento adquiridos por los cuidadores, que actúan como protección al daño solar mediante medidas preventivas y de cuidado. El sol y sus rayos solares simbolizan la fotosanidad, que corresponde a la exposición a rayos solares y sus efectos nocivos para la salud. Conclusiones: la implementación de medidas de fotoprotección desde edades tempranas resulta de vital importancia para la prevención del cáncer de piel, por lo que es necesario brindarles a los padres información adecuada sobre los riesgos solares y las medidas preventivas.

Foundation: on average, three million cases of skin cancer have been generated globally in recent years. This situation occurs among other reasons due to constant exposure to solar radiation and non-application of photoprotection. Objective: determine parental experience in photoprotection during childhood. Method: an ethnographic study was carried out in the Educational Unit of the San Juan Parish of the Cantón Riobamba, Chimborazo Province, during the study period from October 2022 to October 2023. 14 interviews were carried out with preschool caregivers, who were chosen through of non-probabilistic sampling. Two information collection techniques were available: self-report and semi-structured interview. Results: each of the categories that emerged in the study were described according to the level of frequency: photounity, photoexperience-knowledge and photosanity. A representational map was constructed in which it was determined that the family itself represents photounity, through the participation of all its members in protecting themselves from the harmful effects of the sun. The umbrella that covers the family reflects the photo-experience-knowledge acquired by the caregivers, which act as protection from sun damage through preventive and care measures. The sun and its solar rays symbolize photosanity, which corresponds to exposure to sunlight and its harmful effects on health. Conclusions: the implementation of photoprotection measures from an early age is of vital importance for the prevention of skin cancer, so it is necessary to provide parents with adequate information about sun risks and preventive measure.

Síndrome de Wells: presentación con un gran polimorfismo clínico

El síndrome de Wells es una afección dérmica que presenta un gran polimorfismo clínico. Es una patología autolimitada, recurrente y su origen es incierto. Reportamos el caso de una paciente de 29 años, procedente del área Central de Paraguay, comerciante, sin patología de base que consultó por edema de manos y piel. El tratamiento indicado fue corticoide vía oral y desparasitación con buena evolución y sin recidivas.

Wells syndrome is a dermal condition with a high clinical polymorphism. It is a self-limited, recurrent pathology and its origin is uncertain. We report the case of a 29-year-old female patient from the central area of Paraguay, a shopkeeper, with no underlying pathology, who consulted for hand and skin edema. The indicated treatment was oral corticosteroid and deworming with good evolution and no recurrences.

Conocimientos, hábitos y aptitudes en fotoprotección para prevenir el cáncer de piel

Fundamento: El cáncer de piel es una de las neoplasias más frecuentes, con un considerable aumento en las últimas dos décadas. Las campañas de fotoprotección han tenido un impacto positivo en la población y permiten a las personas sanas el cuidado de su piel y la prevención del cáncer. Objetivo: Describir los principales resultados obtenidos en los estudios científicos relacionados con los conocimientos, hábitos y aptitudes en fotoprotección para la prevención del cáncer de piel en población de riesgo mayor de 18 años. Método: Se realizó una revisión sistemática en las bases de datos Scopus y Pubmed en (inglés), Scielo y CUIDEN en (español), con perfil de acceso desde la biblioteca electrónica de la Universidad de Granada en el período de estudio comprendido desde mayo de 2018 hasta julio de 2022. Se elaboró la pregunta guía a través del acrónimo PICOT, términos de búsqueda y se utilizaron los descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud y del Medical Subject Headings, respectivamente. Resultados: Conocer las conductas de riesgo y de protección es útil para orientar las intervenciones individuales o a nivel comunitario para disminuir la morbilidad asociada a la exposición solar. Se ha demostrado que las campañas de prevención del cáncer de piel son eficaces y rentables. Los médicos de atención primaria juegan un papel importante en la prevención del cáncer de piel. El asesoramiento sobre factores de riesgo modificables y estrategias para evitar el sol, en pacientes con antecedentes personales o familiares de cáncer de piel, debe ser parte de la medicina preventiva. Conclusiones: Los estudios científicos que abordan conocimientos, hábitos y aptitudes en relación con la fotoprotección para la prevención del cáncer de piel, destacan entre sus principales resultados, que la principal conducta para garantizar una adecuada acción protectora saludable es direccionar programas de educación en la prevención primaria de salud.

Foundation: Skin cancer is one of the most common neoplasms, with an increase in the last two decades. Photoprotection campaigns have had a positive impact on the population and allow healthy people to care for their skin and prevent cancer. Objective: To describe the main results obtained in scientific studies related to knowledge, habits and skills in photoprotection for the prevention of skin cancer in a population at risk over 18 years of age. Method: A systematic review was carried out in the databases Scopus and Pubmed in (English), Scielo and CUIDEN in (Spanish), with access profile from the electronic library of the University of Granada in the study period from May 2018 to July 2022. The guiding question was developed through the PICOT acronym, search terms and the descriptors in Health Sciences and Medical Subject Headings were used, respectively. Results: Knowing risk and protective behaviors is useful to guide individual or community-level interventions to reduce morbidity associated with sun exposure. Skin cancer prevention campaigns have been shown to be effective and cost-effective. Primary care physicians play an important role in skin cancer prevention. Counseling on modifiable risk factors and strategies to avoid the sun, in patients with a personal or family history of skin cancer, should be part of preventive medicine. Conclusions: Scientific studies that address knowledge, habits and skills in relation to photoprotection for the prevention of skin cancer, highlight among their main results that the main conduct to guarantee adequate healthy protective action is to direct education programs in primary prevention of health.

Experiencia quirúrgica en el Centro Especializado en Tratamiento de Enfermedades de la Piel (CETEP) del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell, desde 1996 hasta 2019

Los tumores cutáneos presentan una alta prevalencia en dermatología en el mundo, siendo los benignos más frecuentes que los malignos; sin embargo, estos últimos son más estudiados debido a su morbimortalidad. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue conocer los principales diagnósticos y técnicas quirúrgicas correspondientes desarrolladas en el Centro de Tratamiento de Enfermedades de la Piel (CETEP) entre 1996 y 2019, evaluando aspectos clínicos y demográficos. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo y observacional que incluyó todo paciente con lesión cutánea y posterior resolución quirúrgica de la misma. En la muestra analizada (N 6.659) hubo un predominio del sexo femenino (68%) y la media de edad fue 53 ± 21 años. Los pacientes residían mayoritariamente en Montevideo (58%). Los tumores benignos fueron los más frecuentes (41%), seguidos de los malignos (28%), dentro de éstos: carcinoma basocelular (CBC) 66%, carcinoma espinocelular (CEC) 21% y melanoma (MM) 5%. Las técnicas quirúrgicas realizadas fueron cirugías convencionales (57%), principalmente losange (93%), seguidas de procedimientos de cirugía dermatológica (42%), predominando biopsias (52%) y afeitado con electrocoagulación (23%). Se destaca que el CETEP resolvió un número mayor de pacientes de centros externos que del propio Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell (CHPR): 59% no CHPR vs 41% CHPR. En conclusión, este trabajo proporcionó información nacional sobre la epidemiología de distintos tumores cutáneos, así como las técnicas quirúrgicas más utilizadas en su resolución. Además, estableció la importancia de la cirugía dermatológica y la capacidad del CETEP en dar respuesta a pacientes propios tanto como referenciados desde otros centros del sistema público.

Cutaneous tumors have a high prevalence in dermatology worldwide, with benign tumors being more common than malignant ones. Nevertheless, the latter are more extensively studied due to their associated morbidity and mortality. The main objective of this study was to identify the primary diagnoses and corresponding surgical techniques developed at the Center for the Treatment of Skin Diseases (CETEP) between 1996 and 2019, while assessing clinical and demographic aspects. A retrospective, observational study was conducted, including all patients with cutaneous lesions and subsequent surgical resolution of the same. In the analyzed sample (N 6659), there was a predominance of females (68%), and the mean age was 53 ± 21 years. The majority of patients resided in Montevideo (58%). Benign tumors were the most prevalent (41%), followed by malignant tumors (28%), with the latter comprising basal cell carcinoma (BCC) at 66%, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) at 21%, and melanoma (MM) at 5%. The performed surgical techniques included conventional surgeries (57%), primarily using the lozenge method (93%), followed by dermatologic surgery procedures (42%), with a predominance of biopsies (52%) and shave excision with electrocoagulation (23%). It is noteworthy that CETEP resolved a greater number of patients from external centers than from its own hospital, Pereira Rossell Hospital Center (CHPR). 59% non-CHPR vs. 41% CHPR. In conclusion, this study provided national information on the epidemiology of various cutaneous tumors, as well as the most commonly employed surgical techniques in their resolution Furthermore, it emphasized the importance of dermatologic surgery and highlighted the capacity of CETEP to respond to both its own patients and those referred from other centers within the public healthcare system.

Os tumores da pele apresentam alta prevalência na dermatologia em todo mundo, sendo os tumores benignos mais frequentes que os malignos, porém estes últimos são mais estudados devido à sua morbidade e mortalidade. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi conhecer os principais diagnósticos e correspondentes técnicas cirúrgicas desenvolvidas no Centro de Tratamento de Doenças da Pele (CETEP) no período 1996-2019, avaliando aspectos clínicos e demográficos. Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo e observacional, que incluiu todos os pacientes com lesões cutâneas e com posterior tratamento cirúrgico. Foram estudados 659 pacientes com predomínio do sexo feminino (68%) e média de idade de 53 ± 21 anos. A maioria dos pacientes residiam em Montevidéu (58%). Os tumores benignos foram os mais frequentes (41%), seguidos dos tumores malignos (28%), entre estes: carcinoma basocelular (CBC) 66%, carcinoma espinocelular (CEC) 21% e melanoma (MM) 5%. As técnicas cirúrgicas realizadas foram cirurgias convencionais (57%), principalmente em forma de cunha (93%), seguidas de procedimentos cirúrgicos dermatológicos (42%), predominando biópsias (52%) e shaving com eletrocoagulação (23%). Destaca-se que o CETEP atendeu um número maior de pacientes de centros externos do que do próprio Centro Hospitalar Pereira Rossell (CHPR): 59% não-CHPR vs. 41% CHPR. Concluindo, este trabalho forneceu informações sobre a epidemiologia dos diferentes tumores de pele no país, bem como as técnicas cirúrgicas mais utilizadas no seu tratamento. Além disso, estabeleceu a importância da cirurgia dermatológica e a capacidade do CETEP de atender os pacientes do hospital e também os que foram encaminhados de outros centros da rede pública.

Desmistificando a técnica de deep plane facelift com dissecção anatômica em cadáveres frescos / Demystifying the deep plane facelift technique with anatomical dissection in fresh cadavers

Introdução: Os estudos de anatomia em cadáveres permitiram um melhor entendimento das estruturas da face e, consequentemente, mais segurança ao explorar os planos profundos da região facial. Uma boa técnica deve ser segura, reprodutível e respeitar os pontos anatômicos. O objetivo deste trabalho é desmistificar a técnica de deep plane facelifting por meio da dissecção de cadáveres e exposição das estruturas faciais. Método: A reprodução da técnica de "deep plane facelifting" foi realizada em 14 hemifaces de 7 peças de cadáveres frescos no Instituto de Treinamento de Cadáver em Curitiba no ano de 2021. A técnica cirúrgica foi realizada conforme nossa prática clínica e reproduzida no cadáver. Após o procedimento, as estruturas anatômicas faciais foram dissecadas para correlacionar seu posicionamento junto aos espaços anatômicos da face. Foram avaliados os posicionamentos dos ligamentos da face, vascularização e os ramos do nervo facial. Resultados: Foram identificados os espaços anatômicos relevantes à técnica de deep plane facelifting, como os espaços massetéricos inferior e superior, espaço pré-zigomático, espaço bucal e espaço cervical. Os ramos do nervo facial foram identificados no plano subSMAS e correlacionados com os espaços e planos anatômicos. Conclusão: A técnica de deep plane facelift pode ser reproduzida com segurança desde que sejam respeitados dois parâmetros. O primeiro é a entrada correta nos espaços a fim de respeitar a anatomia. O segundo é o uso de descoladores rombos para dissecção nos planos profundos da face a fim de evitar lesão nervosa dos ramos do nervo facial.

Introduction: Anatomy studies on cadavers have allowed a better understanding of the structures of the face and, consequently, greater safety when exploring the deep planes of the facial region. A good technique must be safe, reproducible, and respect anatomical points. The objective of this work is to demystify the deep plane facelifting technique through the dissection of cadavers and exposure of facial structures. Method: The reproduction of the "deep plane facelifting" technique was performed on 14 hemifaces of 7 pieces of fresh cadavers at the Instituto de Treinamento de Cadáver (Cadaver Training Institute) in Curitiba in 2021. The surgical technique was performed according to our clinical practice and reproduced on the cadaver. After the procedure, the facial anatomical structures were dissected to correlate their positioning with the anatomical spaces of the face. The positioning of the facial ligaments, vascularization, and branches of the facial nerve were evaluated. Results: The anatomical spaces relevant to the deep plane facelifting technique were identified, such as the inferior and superior masseteric spaces, prezygomatic space, buccal space, and cervical space. The facial nerve branches were identified in the sub-SMAS plane and correlated with the anatomical spaces and planes. Conclusion: The deep plane facelift technique can be reproduced safely as long as two parameters are respected. The first is the correct entry into spaces to respect the anatomy. The second is the use of blunt detachers for dissection in the deep planes of the face to avoid nerve damage to the branches of the facial nerve.

Reconstrução de terço distal do nariz: série de casos e revisão de literatura / Reconstruction of the distal third of the nose: case series and literature review

Introdução: O nariz apresenta grande importância estética e funcional, com alta incidência de lesões malignas. Existem várias técnicas de reconstrução do terço distal do nariz, não havendo uma indicação universal; irá depender das características da lesão. As opções cirúrgicas variam entre enxerto de pele, retalhos locais, regionais e microcirúrgicos. O objetivo é apresentar uma série de casos de reconstrução de terço distal do nariz com diferentes técnicas cirúrgicas, discutindo as peculiaridades e os resultados obtidos. Método: Trata-se de estudo retrospectivo realizado no Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo (HSPE), avaliando uma série de oito pacientes com diagnóstico de câncer de pele não melanoma localizados em terço distal de nariz e que foram submetidos a reconstrução pela equipe de Cirurgia Plástica. Resultados: Foram obtidos resultados satisfatórios para todos os pacientes submetidos a reconstrução distal do nariz, tendo sido utilizadas técnicas de enxerto de pele total (n=1) e retalhos locais (n=7), tais como o retalho bilobado, nasogeniano, dorsal do nariz, frontal paramediano, e transposição nasolabial. Conclusão: A reconstrução de defeitos do terço distal do nariz é desafiadora e com grande variabilidade técnica. Deve-se realizar avaliação criteriosa do paciente e da lesão, avaliar riscos e benefícios e compartilhar a decisão com o paciente.

Introduction: The nose has great aesthetic and functional importance, with a high incidence of malignant lesions. There are several techniques for reconstructing the distal third of the nose, but there is no universal indication; will depend on the characteristics of the injury. Surgical options vary between skin grafts and local, regional, and microsurgical flaps. The objective is to present a series of cases of reconstruction of the distal third of the nose using different surgical techniques, discussing the peculiarities and the results obtained. Method: This is a retrospective study carried out at the Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo (HSPE), evaluating a series of eight patients diagnosed with non-melanoma skin cancer located in the distal third of the nose and who underwent reconstruction by the team of Plastic Surgery. Results: Satisfactory results were obtained for all patients undergoing distal nose reconstruction, using total skin graft techniques (n=1) and local flaps (n=7), such as the bilobed, nasolabial, and dorsal nose flap. nose, paramedian frontal, and nasolabial transposition. Conclusion: Reconstruction of defects in the distal third of the nose is challenging and involves great technical variability. A careful assessment of the patient and the injury must be carried out, risks and benefits assessed and the decision shared with the patient.

Fasciotomia em membro superior após síndrome compartimental por acidente ofídico com posterior enxertia e plástica em Z: relato de caso / Fasciotomy in the upper limb after compartment syndrome due to snakebite with subsequent grafting and z-plasty: case report

Este relato de caso aborda o curso clínico de um envenenamento botrópico ocorrido no município de Jarinu, SP, no ano de 2021. O paciente necessitou de fasciotomia em membro superior após síndrome compartimental aguda com enxertia dermoepidérmica em um segundo momento cirúrgico. No pós-operatório tardio, o paciente evoluiu com retração, necessitando de reabordagem cirúrgica com correção de retração de membro superior esquerdo. Discute-se a gravidade do acidente ofídico, efeitos do veneno nos tecidos, complicações, síndrome compartimental aguda, indicação e técnica da fasciotomia descompressiva com base na literatura.

This case study examines the clinical course of a Bothrops snakebite poisoning that occurred in Jarinu, São Paulo, Brazil, in 2021. The patient required a fasciotomy in the upper limb due to acute compartment syndrome, followed by a second surgical procedure involving dermo-epidermal grafting. In the late postoperative period, the patient experienced retraction, leading to a subsequent surgical intervention to correct the retraction in the left upper limb. The severity of the snakebite accident, the effects of venom on tissues, complications, acute compartment syndrome, as well as the indications and techniques for decompressive fasciotomy, are discussed based on the available literature.

Carcinoma basocelular de vulva: relato de caso / Basal cell carcinoma of the vulva: case report

Introdução: O carcinoma basocelular (CBC) de vulva é uma condição rara que corresponde a menos de 0,4% dos casos de CBC e de 2% a 4% das neoplasias de vulva. O CBC de vulva é mais comum entre mulheres brancas, multíparas e na pósmenopausa, especialmente na sétima década de vida. O objetivo é relatar um caso de CBC de vulva no qual discutiram-se os aspectos do diagnóstico e tratamento. Relato de Caso: Mulher de 63 anos de idade, G1P1A0, chega ao consultório em janeiro de 2022 para tratamento de lesão persistente em vulva. Realizou-se biópsia incisional que mostrou tratar-se de provável carcinoma basocelular nodular com invasão da derme. A paciente submeteu-se a uma ressecção do tumor com margens macroscópicas livres e sutura primária. A cirurgia não teve complicações no pré-operatório e no pós-operatório. O histopatológico da peça cirúrgica mostrou tratar-se de carcinoma basocelular nodular com área irregular, plana, branco, medindo 0,7x0,4cm, com as margens laterais distando 7,0 e 5,0mm e profundas, 5,9mm; todas livres. Conclusão: O caso relatado é raro, tendo sido o tratamento de ressecção cirúrgica do CBC de vulva com margens bem-sucedido. Catorze meses após a cirurgia, a paciente encontra-se sem evidências de recidiva local ou regional.

Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the vulva is a rare condition that accounts for less than 0.4% of BCC cases and 2% to 4% of vulvar neoplasms. BCC of the vulva is more common among white, multiparous and postmenopausal women, especially in the seventh decade of life. The aim is to report a case of BCC of the vulva in which aspects of diagnosis and treatment were discussed. Case report: A 63-year-old woman, G1P1A0, arrives at the office in January 2022 for treatment of a persistent lesion on her vulva. An incisional biopsy was performed and showed that it was likely nodular basal cell carcinoma with invasion of the dermis. The patient underwent tumor resection with free macroscopic margins and primary suture. The surgery had no complications preoperatively or postoperatively. The histopathology of the surgical specimen showed that it was a nodular basal cell carcinoma with an irregular, flat, white area, measuring 0.7x0.4cm, with the lateral margins 7.0 and 5.0mm apart and 5.9mm deep; all free. Conclusion: The reported case is rare, with surgical resection of BCC of the vulva with margins being successful. Fourteen months after surgery, the patient has no evidence of local or regional recurrence.

Tumor filoide borderline gigante e recidivante: ressecção e reconstrução da mama / Recurrent giant borderline phyllodes tumor: resection and breast reconstruction

O tumor filoide é uma neoplasia fibroepitelial rara que representa 0,3 a 1% de todas as neoplasias mamárias. De acordo com a classificação histopatológica, 12 a 26% são do tipo borderline e aproximadamente 15% desses tumores recorrem após excisão cirúrgica. O tratamento recomendado para todos os tipos de tumor filoide é a excisão cirúrgica, e no caso de tumores gigantes o tratamento deve ser multidisciplinar. Apresentamos o caso de uma mulher de 46 anos com tumor filoide na mama esquerda que recorreu 4 anos após a excisão cirúrgica. O estudo anatomopatológico qualificou-o como tumor gigante e o estudo histopatológico relatou tumor filoide borderline. Foi submetida a excisão cirúrgica com mastectomia esquerda e reconstrução mamária com retalho de grande dorsal mais enxerto de gordura. A paciente apresentou evolução favorável sem recidiva. Concluindo, o tumor filoide gigante borderline recorrente é raro e seu manejo cirúrgico representa um desafio tanto na excisão quanto na reconstrução mamária.

Phyllodes tumor is a rare fibroepithelial neoplasm that represents 0.3 to 1% of all breast neoplasms. According to histopathologic classification, 12 to 26% are borderline type and approximately 15% of these tumors recur after surgical excision. The recommended treatment for all types of phyllodes tumor is surgical excision, and in the case of giant tumors the treatment should be multidisciplinary. We present the case of a 46-yearold woman with a phyllodes tumor in the left breast that recurred 4 years after surgical excision. The anatomopathological study qualified it as a giant tumor and the histopathological study reported a borderline phyllodes tumor. She underwent surgical excision with left mastectomy and breast reconstruction by means of a latissimus dorsi flap plus fat graft. The patient presented a favorable evolution without recurrence. In conclusion, the recurrent giant borderline phyllodes tumor is rare and its surgical management represents a challenge both in breast excision and reconstruction.

Associação do retalho miocutâneo do músculo peitoral maior e da mamaplastia em T invertido para reconstrução de extenso defeito da parede torácica: relato de caso / Association of pectoralis major myocutaneous flap and inverted T mammoplasty for reconstruction of extensive chest wall defect: case report

Introdução: Em 1977, a partir dos estudos anatômicos de McCraw et al., passou-se a utilizar o músculo peitoral maior como retalho miocutâneo em ilha. O presente artigo descreve um caso de reconstrução de um defeito da parede anterior do hemitórax direito através do retalho miocutâneo peitoral maior em ilha ipsilateral. Relato do Caso: A.E.S., de 66 anos, sexo masculino foi submetido a ressecção ampla de um carcinoma basocelular infiltrativo recidivante de 13,0 x 8,0cm da região paraesternal direita. O retalho miocutâneo foi transposto através de tunelização subcutânea e as cicatrizes posicionadas em forma de mamaplastia em T invertido. Conclusão: A presente tática cirúrgica é de fácil execução para cirurgiões habituados com reconstrução mamária, apresenta tempo cirúrgico curto e resultado estético-funcional satisfatório.

Introduction: In 1977, based on anatomical studies by McCraw et al., the pectoralis major muscle began to be used as an island myocutaneous flap. The present article describes a case of reconstruction of a defect in the anterior wall of the right hemithorax using the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in an ipsilateral island. Case Report: AES, 66 years old, male, underwent wide resection of a recurrent infiltrative basal cell carcinoma measuring 13.0 x 8.0 cm in the right parasternal region. The myocutaneous flap was transposed through subcutaneous tunneling and the scars were positioned in the shape of an inverted T mammoplasty. Conclusion: This surgical tactic is easy to perform for surgeons accustomed to breast reconstruction, has a short surgical time, and has satisfactory aesthetic-functional results.

Small Molecules Accelerate Skin Wound Healing: Shikonin Efficacy and Mechanism of Action in Mice / Las Moléculas Pequeñas Aceleran la Curación de Heridas en la Piel: Eficacia de Shikonin y Mecanismo de Acción en Ratones

SUMMARY: The objective of this study was to investigate the therapeutic wound healing potential and molecular mechanisms of shikonin as small molecules in vitro. A mouse burn model was used to explore the potential therapeutic effect of shikonin; we traced proliferating cells in vivo to locate the active area of skin cell proliferation. Through the results of conventional pathological staining, we found that shikonin has a good effect on the treatment of burned skin and promoted the normal distribution of skin keratin at the damaged site. At the same time, shikonin also promoted the proliferation of skin cells at the damaged site; importantly, we found a significant increase in the number of fibroblasts at the damaged site treated with shikonin. Most importantly, shikonin promotes fibroblasts to repair skin wounds by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This study shows that shikonin can effectively promote the proliferation of skin cell, and local injection of fibroblasts in burned skin can play a certain therapeutic role.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar el potencial terapéutico de cicatrización de heridas y los mecanismos moleculares de la shikonina como moléculas pequeñas in vitro. Se utilizó un modelo de quemaduras en ratones para explorar el posible efecto terapéutico de la shikonina; Rastreamos las células en proliferación in vivo para localizar el área activa de proliferación de células de la piel. A través de los resultados de la tinción para patología convencional, encontramos que la shikonina tiene un buen efecto en el tratamiento de la piel quemada y promueve la distribución normal de la queratina de la piel en el sitio dañado. Al mismo tiempo, la shikonina también promovió la proliferación de células de la piel en el sitio dañado. Es importante destacar que encontramos un aumento significativo en la cantidad de fibroblastos en el sitio dañado tratado con shikonina. Lo más importante es que la shikonina promueve la función reparadora de fibroblastos en las heridas de la piel regulando la vía de señalización PI3K/ AKT. Este estudio muestra que la shikonina puede promover eficazmente la proliferación de células de la piel y que la inyección local de fibroblastos en la piel quemada puede desempeñar un cierto papel terapéutico.

Relationship between skin-to-skin contact during the first hour of life and duration of exclusive breastfeeding / Relación entre el contacto piel con piel durante la primera hora de vida y la duración de la lactancia materna exclusiva

Abstract Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (BF) has the greatest potential impact on child mortality of any preventive intervention. Skin-to-skin contact (SSC) during the first hour of life is beneficial for initiating BF; however, routine separation of mother and infant is still common. This work aimed to demonstrate that SSC during the first hour of life is associated with a greater frequency and duration of exclusive BF. Methods: This is an observational case-control study. We reviewed the medical records of patients born between 2016 and 2022 classified as cases or controls based on the history of SSC in the first hour of life. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 28. Results: We included 362 medical records, of which 200 (55.2%) had SSC and were considered cases; the 162 (44.8%) who did not have SSC were considered controls. Those who received SSC were more likely to receive exclusive BF at 3 (163 [81.5%] vs. 94 [58%], p < 0.001) and 6 months of age (147 [73.5%] vs. 83 [51.2%], p < 0.001). Conclusions: Patients who received SSC in the first hour of life were more likely to receive exclusive BF at 3 and 6 months of age. Promoting and respecting this practice is essential to increase the possibility of a newborn to be exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life.

Resumen Introducción: La lactancia materna exclusiva (LME) es la intervención preventiva con mayor impacto en mortalidad infantil. El contacto piel con piel (CPP) durante la primera hora de vida es un periodo crítico para establecer la lactancia; sin embargo, la separación rutinaria del recién nacido de su madre es frecuente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue demostrar que el CPP durante la primera hora se asocia con mayor frecuencia y duración de LME. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional de casos y controles. Se revisaron expedientes de pacientes de nuestra consulta pediátrica que nacieron entre 2016 y 2022. Se clasificaron como casos y controles de acuerdo con el antecedente de haber recibido CPP durante la primera hora de vida. Se realizó el análisis estadístico en SPSS version 28. Resultados: Se incluyeron 362 expedientes, de los cuales 200 (55.2%) recibieron CPP en la primera hora de vida y fueron considerados casos; los 162 (44.8%) que no lo hicieron fueron considerados controles. Aquellos que recibieron CPP tuvieron con mayor frecuencia LME a los 3 (163 [81.5%] vs. 94 [58%], p < 0.001) y 6 meses de edad (147 [73.5%] vs. 83 [51.2%], p < 0.001). Conclusiones: La frecuencia con la cual los pacientes lograron tener lactancia materna exclusiva a los 3 y 6 meses es mayor en aquellos en los que se respeta el CPP en la primera hora de vida. Promover y respetar esta práctica es fundamental para incrementar las probabilidades de que los lactantes reciban LME durante sus primeros 6 meses de vida.

Tratamiento quirúrgico del carcinoma de Merkel facial avanzado. Presentación de un caso / Surgical treatment of advanced facial Merkel cell carcinoma. A case report

Introducción. El carcinoma de Merkel es un tumor maligno poco frecuente, que afecta principalmente a la población caucásica y cuya etiología guarda relación con el poliomavirus de las células de Merkel. Conlleva mal pronóstico, especialmente en estadios finales. Caso clínico. Se expone el caso de una paciente que presentaba un tumor primario facial de grandes dimensiones, con avanzado grado de extensión, afectación linfática cervical y metástasis parotídea derecha. Fue tratada mediante exéresis de la lesión primaria y cobertura con injerto de piel parcial, linfadenectomía cervical y parotidectomía ipsilateral. Resultados. Se logró mejoría importante en la calidad de vida de la paciente y sobrevida de al menos seis meses. Conclusión. Aunque no está claro el manejo óptimo del carcinoma de Merkel avanzado debido a su mal pronóstico, la cirugía favorece una mejoría en la calidad de vida del paciente y puede tener un papel clave en el manejo del carcinoma de Merkel en los estadios avanzados.

Introduction. Merkel carcinoma is a rare malignant tumor that mainly affects the Caucasian population and whose etiology is related to the Merkel cell polyomavirus. It has a poor prognosis, especially in the final stages. Clinical case. The case of a patient who presented a large primary facial tumor, with an advanced degree of extension, cervical lymphatic involvement and right parotid metastasis is described. She was treated surgically by excision of the primary lesion and coverage with partial skin graft, cervical lymphadenectomy, and ipsilateral parotidectomy. Results. A significant improvement was achieved in the patient's quality of life and survival of at least six months.Conclusion. Although the optimal management of advanced Merkel carcinoma is unclear due to its poor prognosis, surgery improves the patient's quality of life and it can play a key role in the management of Merkel carcinoma in advanced stages.

Reflectance confocal microscopy - Consensus terminology glossary in Brazilian Portuguese for normal skin, melanocytic and non-melanocytic lesions

Abstract Background: Currently, there is no uniform and official terminology in Portuguese for reflectance confocal microscopy analysis, despite the increasing number of Brazilian dermatologists using this new tool. Objective: To present the terminology in Brazilian Portuguese for the description of reflectance confocal microscopy and establish the first Brazilian consensus on terms related to normal skin and cutaneous tumors. Methods: 10 Brazilian specialists from different institutions and states of Brazil were selected to evaluate the best corresponding terms in Portuguese for normal skin, melanocytic and non-melanocytic tumors. The terms used were translated from international consensuses in the English language. The modified Delphi method was used to create the consensus in 3 steps. Results: The terms considered the most appropriate in the Portuguese language to describe the findings of normal skin, melanocytic and non-melanocytic lesions in the reflectance confocal microscopy analysis were presented. Study limitations: The limitations of the present study include the number of participants and limited regional representation (only two of the five Brazilian regions were represented). Conclusion: This Brazilian consensus represents an opportunity for dermatologists and physicians specializing in cutaneous oncology to become familiar with reflectance confocal microscopy, propagating the technique in clinical and research environments to stimulate national and international publications on this subject.