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Objective To investigate the effects of probiotics combined with dietary intervention on pe-ripheral blood glucose and lipid metabolism indicators,placental tissue insulin signaling pathway proteins ex-pression and pregnant outcome in the patients with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Methods A total of 83 patients with GDM in this hospital from December 2021 to December 2022 were selected as the study sub-jects and divided into the probiotics group(probiotics combined with diet intervention,43 cases)and control group(simple diet intervention,40 cases)by the random number table method.The levels of peripheral blood glucose,lipid and insulin resistance related indicators before the intervention and in 8 weeks after the interven-tion were compared between the two groups.The histological changes of placenta were observed by HE stai-ning.The pathological indicators were compared between the two groups.The expression levels of insulin re-ceptor substrate-1(IRS-1),glucose transporter 4(GLUT4)and synaptosome-associated protein of 23 kDa(SNAP23)in placental tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry.The pregnant adverse outcomes were compared between the two groups,and the clinical efficacy of probiotics was evaluated.Results Compared with the control group,the levels of fasting blood glucose(FBG),fasting insulin(FINS),serum triglyceride(TG)and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)in 8 weeks after intervention in the probiotics group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the level of serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)was significantly increased(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the incidence rates of poor villi maturation,thickening of dry villi arterioles and capillary filling in villi interstitial between the two groups(P>0.05).Compared with the control group,the expression levels of IRS-1,GLUT4 and SNAP23 in placen-tal tissue of the probiotics group were significantly increased(P<0.05).The incidence rates of neonatal hy-poglycemia and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in the probiotics group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Compared with simple dietary intervention,probiotics combined with dietary intervention has more advantages in improving glucose and lipid metabolism of GDM patients,moreo-ver reduces the adverse events occurrence in newborns.
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Background: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate glucose metabolism (GM) in skeletal muscle by improving the translocation of GLUT4. Antioxidant supplementation could block this physiological effect, altering glucose signaling during exercise. However, there is limited evidence in humans on whether antioxidant intake affects GM. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effect of an antioxidant cocktail (AOC) on GM at rest and during metabolic challenges. Methods: Ten healthy male subjects received AOC supplementation (1000 mg of Vitamin C, 600 IU of Vitamin E, and 600 mg of α-lipoic acid) or placebo (2.000 mg of talc) before two trials conducted 7 days apart. Trial 1: AOC 120 and 90 minutes before an endurance exercise (EEX) bout at 60 % of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max); Trial 2: AOC 120 and 90 minutes before an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; 75 g glucose). Measurements of gas exchange and capillary blood samples were collected every 15 minutes during both trials. Results: AOC supplementation increased resting glucose levels (p<0.05). During Trial 1 (EEX), the AOC increased carbohydrate oxidation (CHOox) (p= 0.03), without effect in glucose blood levels. During Trial 2 (OGTT), the AOC supplementation had no significant effect on GM parameters. Conclusion: Acute supplementation with AOC increased resting glucose levels and CHOox during EEX in healthy subjects, with no effect on GM during the OGTT.
Antecedentes: Las especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS) regulan el metabolismo de la glucosa (GM) en el músculo esquelético al mejorar la translocación de GLUT4. La suplementación con antioxidantes podría bloquear este efecto fisiológico, alterando la señalización de la glucosa durante el ejercicio. Sin embargo, existe evidencia limitada en humanos sobre si la ingesta de antioxidantes afecta el GM. Por lo tanto, nuestro objetivo fue determinar el efecto de un cóctel de antioxidantes (AOC) en el GM en reposo y durante desafíos metabólicos. Métodos: Sujetos sanos (sexo masculino; n= 10) recibieron suplementos de AOC (1.000 mg de vitamina C, 600 UI de vitamina E y 600 mg de ácido α-lipoico) o placebo (2.000 mg de talco) previo a dos pruebas realizadas con 7 días de diferencia. Prueba 1: AOC 120 y 90 minutos antes de una serie de ejercicio de resistencia (EEX) al 60% del consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2max); prueba 2: AOC 120 y 90 minutos antes de una prueba de tolerancia oral a la glucosa (OGTT; 75 g de glucosa). Se obtuvieron datos de intercambio de gaseoso y muestras de sangre capilar cada 15 minutos durante ambas pruebas. Resultados: la suplementación con AOC aumentó los niveles de glucosa en reposo (p<0,05). Durante la prueba 1 (EEX), el AOC aumentó la oxidación de carbohidratos (CHOox) (p= 0,03), sin efecto en los niveles de glucosa en sangre. Durante la prueba 2 (OGTT), la suplementación con AOC no tuvo un efecto significativo en los parámetros de GM. Conclusión: Una suplementación aguda con AOC aumentó los niveles de glucosa en reposo y la CHOox durante EEX en sujetos sanos, sin efecto sobre el GM durante la OGTT.
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Good quality planting materials for yam cultivation is a major challenge and adapting the most preferred local varieties to high ratio propagation methods such as the vine cutting could help ameliorate this constraint. An experiment was conducted in the screen house at CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute to assess the response of ‘Labako’, ‘Nyamenti’ and ‘Kpamyo’ (check) to vine cutting under different substrates. The experiment was 3 x 6 factorial arranged in a completely randomized design with 3 replications. Single node cuttings were obtained from 3 months old plants and established in the various rooting substrates (carbonized rice husk; fermented rice bran; aged rice husk; top-soil ,cocopeat and carbonized rice husk + top-soil; 2:1).Highly significant differences (P<0.001) existed in main effects and interaction of the factors. All cultivars attained 100% survival in CRH (carbonized rice husk) and cocopeat. Kpamyo and Nyamenti had 89.6% regeneration in cocopeat, FRB (fermented rice bran) and CRH. Labako exhibited the maximum shoot growth (31 cm) in CRH whiles the minimum (10 cm) was observed in ARH (aged rice husk) for Kpamyo. Six nodes were produced by Nyamenti in CRH, whiles Kpamyo produced 3 nodes in the same substrate. Labako initiated 88% tuberization, higher than Kpamyo with 75%. Generally, the cultivars were successfully adapted to the vine cutting technique in CRH, FRB as well as cocopeat. CRH and FRB are locally available, hence less expensive to acquire and therefore recommended for cost-effective single node propagation of the popular local yam cultivars.
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italic>O-methyltransferases (OMTs) are one of the key tailoring enzymes in the biosynthesis of many natural products, O-methylation can not only reduce the reactivity of natural products, but also alter their solubility, stability and biological activities. Based on the transcriptome data of Ardisia japonica, a full-length cDNA sequence of candidate OMT (termed as AjOMT1) was cloned by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) for the first time. In vitro enzyme catalytic activity assay showed that the recombinant AjOMT1 could effectively catalyze quercetin to form O-methylated products. Most importantly, AjOMT1 showed unprecedented substrate promiscuity towards structurally various compounds including flavonoids, stilbenes, coumarins, alkaloids and phenylpropanoids, especially preferring to the compounds with adjacent phenolic hydroxyl groups, and showed regio-selectivity. These results suggested that AjOMT1 could be used as the tool enzyme to conduct O-methylation of different types of compounds to produce diverse active methylated products, and provide a new method for drug discovery, even universal part for synthetic biology of natural products.
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In the case of cardiac dysfunction, energy metabolism changes and the metabolism of myocardial substrates is reconstructed, as manifested by variation in the selection and utilization of energy substrates such as fatty acids and glucose. Persistent metabolic disorders of substrates will decrease energy supply, thus resulting in the occurrence and development of heart failure. Metabolic remodeling of substrate is resulted from the decline of visceral function and the accumulation of pathological products. Deficient Qi stagnation is the core pathogenesis. Deficient Qi (heart Qi deficiency, insufficient energy) is the root cause, which exists in the whole disease course. Stagnation (phlegm, blood stasis, fluid, lipid toxic products, lactic acid, etc.) is the symptom, which evidences the aggravation of the disease. Deficient Qi and stagnation are intertwined and causal, which form a spiral vicious circle. The typical syndrome is excess resulted from deficiency and deficiency-excess in complexity. The treatment principle is reinforcing healthy Qi and tonifying deficiency, dredging and removing pathogen. At the early stage, the method of reinforcing healthy Qi and tonifying deficiency (benefiting Qi) should be used, and the method of dredging and removing pathogen (activating blood) can be applied according to the conditions of patients. At the middle and late stages, both reinforcing healthy Qi and tonifying deficiency (benefiting Qi and warming Yang) and dredging and removing pathogen (activating blood, resolving stasis, and excreting water) should be emphasized. Chinese medicine can be applied according to the pathogenesis, thereby promoting the utilization of fatty acids, glucose, and other substrates and reducing the accumulation of toxic products derived from metabolic remodeling of substrate. Thus, both the root cause and symptoms can be alleviated, further improving cardiac energy metabolism and heart function.
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Objective To explore the effects from the synergy of substrate stiffness and hypoxia on epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of colon cancer cells SW480 by simulating the microenvironment of human colon cancer tissues. Methods Polyvinyl alcohol gels with different stiffness ( 4. 5, 20, 40 kPa) were prepared to simulate the stiffness of each part of colon cancer tissues. The morphological change of cells on substrate with different stiffness was detected under simulated hypoxia ( CoCl2 ) environment. The expression of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α), and EMT markers E-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail 1 were detected by Western blot. The mRNA expression of E-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail 1, matrix metalloproteinase-2 ( MMP-2), and MMP-9 was detected by quantitative real-time PCR ( qRT-PCR). Results Under simulated hypoxia environment, with the increase of substrate stiffness, the SW480 cells spreading area increased, and transformed from round shape into irregular polygon. The EMT of SW480 could be enhanced through up-regulating expression of Vimentin, Snail 1, MMP-2, MMP-9, and down-regulating expression of E-cadherin. Conclusions This study is important for exploring the synergistic effect of substrate stiffness and hypoxia on the EMT of colon cancer cells as well as the molecular mechanism.
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ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect of Tangbikang granules(TBK) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. MethodT2DM and NAFLD were induced in ZDF rats, which were then respectively treated (ig) with low-dose (0.625 g·kg-1), medium-dose (1.25 g·kg-1), and high-dose (2.5 g·kg-1) TBK for 12 weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and body mass were recorded every 4 weeks during the treatment. One week before sampling, the feed intake of rats was detected, and after 12 h night fasting, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to evaluate glucose tolerance, and the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Blood in abdominal aorta and liver were collected for determination of blood glucose and lipid metabolism indexes: Fasting serum insulin (FINS), serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA). The liver was weighed to calculate the liver index, and the liver tissue morphology was observed and analyzed based on hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. The protein levels of insulin receptor substrate (IRS), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt) and phosphorylated IRS and Akt were detected by Western blotting. All data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0. ResultThe feed intake of the model group was higher than that in the normal group (P<0.01), and the feed intake the administration groups was lower than that in the model group (P<0.05, P<0.01). At the 8th and 12th week, the body mass in the model group was lower than that in the normal group (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, TBK reduced FBG in a concentration-dependent manner. The blood glucose level in OGTT and AUC in the model group were higher/larger than those in the normal group (P<0.01). The blood glucose value in OGTT was decreased in TBK groups and the metformin group compared with that in the model group, and AUC in the administration groups was significantly different from that in the model group (P<0.01). The serum level of FINS and HOMA-IR in the model group were higher than those in the normal group (P<0.01), and they were lower in the TBK groups than in the model group (P<0.01). Serum levels of TG, TC, HDL-C, NEFA (P<0.05, P<0.01), and LDL-C were higher in the model group than in the normal group. Serum levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, and NEFA in the TBK groups were lower than those in the model group, and the levels of TG, LDL-C, and NEFA in TBK groups were concentration-dependent (lowest levels in high-dose TBK group). Compared with the model group, high-dose TBK significantly increased the level of HDL-C (P<0.05). Liver index of the model group was higher than that in the normal group (P<0.01). The liver index of the administration groups showed a decreasing trend with no significant difference from that in the model group. As for the HE staining result of liver, the model group had unclear structure of liver lobule, enlarged cells of different sizes, and obvious steatosis of hepatocytes. TBK of all doses alleviated liver injury, particularly the high dose. For the PAS staining, compared with the normal group, the model group demonstrated significant fat vacuoles and significant reduction in purplish red glycogen granules in the cytoplasm. The staining results of high- and medium-dose groups of TBK were more similar to the normal group. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of liver tissue. The expression of PI3K protein, p-IRS1/IRS1, and p-Akt/Akt in the model group were lower than those in the normal group (P<0.01), and they were higher in the high-dose TBK group than in the model group (P<0.01). ConclusionTBK exerts therapeutic effect on T2DM combined with NAFLD in ZDF rats by activating the typical PI3K signaling pathway.
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Objective To investigate the expression,function and prognostic value of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2(RAC2)in breast cancer.Methods The expression profile of RAC2 mRNA was investigated in the TCGA-BRCA cohort,the prognostic value was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier algorithm,the potential molecular function was investigated by gene set enrichment analysis,the relationship between RAC2 and immune infiltration was analyzed by Estimate and Cibersort algorithms,and the association between Rac2 and mutation spectrum was evaluated by maftools software package.The RNA-seq software package"pRRophetic"was used to predict the effect of chemotherapy drugs.In the validation cohort,Immunohistochemistry(IHC)staining was performed on tumor pathological sections of patients.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and cox regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship between RAC2 and the prognosis of breast cancer.Results Bioinformatics analysis showed that the expression of RAC2 was up-regulated in estrogen receptor(ER)positive BC.In the Pam50 molecular subtype of BC,its expression decreased in the order of normal-like group,triple negative group,HER2 overexpression group,Luminal A group and Luminal B group.BC patients with high RAC2 expression had better overall survival(OS)and recurrence-free survival(RFS).The results of the validation cohort confirmed that RAC2 can be used as an independent predictor of BC prognosis.RAC2 was involved in the process of immune infiltration of tumor cells,and its high expression was mainly related to the mutations of CCDC168,VPS13C and AHNAK genes.Its up-regulation increased the drug sensitivity of doxorubicin,cisplatin,paclitaxel and gemcitabine.In terms of metabolism,it was negatively correlated with glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway(PPP),and positively correlated with fatty acid oxidation(FAO)and glutamine metabolism.Conclusion High expression of RAC2 is associated with a good prognosis of BC and plays a role in the metabolism and immune infiltration.Further study on the molecular mechanism of RAC2 may provide new strategies for the prognosis and treatment of BC.
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ObjectiveTo explore the protective effect and mechanism of Qihong Tongluo prescription on vascular endothelial cells in rats with deep venous thrombosis (DVT). MethodSixty-six SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group (n=11) and a modeling group (n=55). The DVT model was induced in rats of the modeling group by slowing down blood flow and damaging vascular endothelium. The model rats were randomly divided into model group, aspirin group (200 mg·kg-1), and low-,medium-, and high-dose Qihong Tongluo prescription groups (6.5, 13, 26 g·kg-1) according to a random number table. Rats were treated with corresponding drugs by gavage, while those in the model group and the blank group received normal saline, once per day for 7 days. The rats were sacrificed and the abdominal aortic blood was taken. The levels of serum endothelin-1 (ET-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes in vascular endothelial tissues. The ultrastructure of vascular endothelial cells was observed by the transmission electron microscope. The viability of vascular endothelial cells was detected by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method,and the release level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was detected by the LDH kit. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of platelet-activating factor (PAF),nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB),Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1), and Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 (Rac2) in vascular endothelial tissues were detected by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR). The protein expression of PAF,NF-κB,Rac1, and Rac2 in vascular endothelial tissues was detected by Western blot. ResultThe model group showed seriously damaged and swollen vascular endothelial cells with massive shedding, attachment of massive inflammatory cells, nucleus pyknosis and deformation under the electron microscope, highly swollen mitochondria, serious cytoplasmic vacuolation,and exposure of internal elastic membrane. The damage of vascular endothelium and its ultrastructure in Qihong Tongluo prescription groups and the aspirin group was improved in varying degrees. Compared with the blank group,the model group showed increased levels of serum ET-1 and IL-6,potentiated vascular endothelial cell viability, up-regulated mRNA and protein expression of PAF,NF-κB,Rac1, and Rac2 in vascular endothelial tissues,and decreased LDH release level of vascular endothelial cells (P<0.05). Compared with the model group,the aspirin group and the Qihong Tongluo prescription groups showed decreased levels of serum ET-1 and IL-6,blunted vascular endothelial cell viability,down-regulated mRNA and protein expression of PAF,NF-κB,Rac1, and Rac2 in vascular endothelial tissues,and increased LDH release level of vascular endothelial cells (P<0.05). The effect of Qihong Tongluo prescription was dose-dependent. ConclusionQihong Tongluo prescription has a protective effect on vascular endothelial cells of DVT rats and can prevent and treat thrombosis,and its therapeutic effect is presumably achieved by inhibiting the expression of PAF,NF-κB,Rac1,and Rac2 and reducing the levels of serum ET-1 and IL-6.
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Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) or deubiquitinases facilitate the escape of multiple proteins from ubiquitin‒proteasome degradation and are critical for regulating protein expression levels in vivo. Therefore, dissecting the underlying mechanism of DUB recognition is needed to advance the development of drugs related to DUB signaling pathways. To data, extensive studies on the ubiquitin chain specificity of DUBs have been reported, but substrate protein recognition is still not clearly understood. As a breakthrough, the scaffolding role may be significant to substrate protein selectivity. From this perspective, we systematically characterized the scaffolding proteins and complexes contributing to DUB substrate selectivity. Furthermore, we proposed a deubiquitination complex platform (DCP) as a potentially generic mechanism for DUB substrate recognition based on known examples, which might fill the gaps in the understanding of DUB substrate specificity.
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Reducing lactate accumulation has always been a goal of the mammalian cell biotechnology industry. When animal cells are cultured in vitro, the accumulation of lactate is mainly the combined result of two metabolic pathways. On one hand, glucose generates lactate under the function of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA); on the other hand, lactate can be oxidized to pyruvate by LDHB or LDHC and re-enter the TCA cycle. This study comprehensively evaluated the effects of LDH manipulation on the growth, metabolism and human adenovirus (HAdV) production of human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293) cells, providing a theoretical basis for engineering the lactate metabolism in mammalian cells. By knocking out ldha gene and overexpression of ldhb and ldhc genes, the metabolic efficiency of HEK-293 cells was effectively improved, and HAdV production was significantly increased. Compared with the control cell, LDH manipulation promoted cell growth, reduced the accumulation of lactate and ammonia, significantly enhanced the efficiency of substrate and energy metabolism of cells, and significantly increased the HAdV production capacity of HEK-293 cells. Among these LDH manipulation measures, ldhc gene overexpression performed the best, with the maximum cell density increased by about 38.7%. The yield of lactate to glucose and ammonia to glutamine decreased by 33.8% and 63.3%, respectively; and HAdV titer increased by at least 16 times. In addition, the ATP production rate, ATP/O2 ratio, ATP/ADP ratio and NADH content of the modified cell lines were increased to varying degrees, and the energy metabolic efficiency was significantly improved.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/genetics , Lactic Acid , Adenoviruses, Human , Ammonia , HEK293 Cells , Glucose/metabolism , Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism , Kidney/metabolism , Mammals/metabolismABSTRACT
Heterotypic cell-in-cell structures (heCICs) are closely related to tumor development and progression, and have become a new frontier in life science research. Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) belongs to the classic Rho GTPase, which plays a key role in regulating the cytoskeleton and cell movement. To investigate the role and mechanism of Rac1 in the formation of heCICs, tumor cells and immune killer cells were labeled with cell-tracker, respectively, to establish the heCICs model. Upon treatment with the Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766, the formation of heCICs between tumor and immune cells was significantly reduced. The plasmid pQCXIP-Rac1-EGFP constructed by gene cloning was packaged into pseudoviruses that subsequently infect tumor cells to make cell lines stably expressing Rac1. As a result, the formation of heCICs was significantly increased upon Rac1 overexpression. These results demonstrated a promotive role of Rac1 in heCICs formation, which may facilitate treating cell-in-cell related diseases, such as tumors, by targeting Rac1.
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Insufficient catalytic efficiency of flavonoid 6-hydroxylases in the fermentative production of scutellarin leads to the formation of at least about 18% of by-products. Here, the catalytic mechanisms of two flavonoid 6-hydroxylases, CYP82D4 and CYP706X, were investigated by molecular dynamics simulations and quantum chemical calculations. Our results show that CYP82D4 and CYP706X have almost identical energy barriers at the rate-determining step and thus similar reaction rates, while the relatively low substrate binding energy of CYP82D4 may facilitate product release, which is directly responsible for its higher catalytic efficiency. Based on the study of substrate entry and release processes, the catalytic efficiency of the L540A mutation of CYP82D4 increased by 1.37-fold, demonstrating the feasibility of theoretical calculations-guided engineering of flavonoid 6-hydroxylase. Overall, this study reveals the catalytic mechanism of flavonoid 6-hydroxylases, which may facilitate the modification and optimization of flavonoid 6-hydroxylases for efficient fermentative production of scutellarin.
Subject(s)
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism , Apigenin , GlucuronatesABSTRACT
Wine is an alcoholic beverage produced from juices of a variety of fruits by the fermentative action of microorganisms. There is a quest for alternative sources of must for wine fermentation, however, the proximate composition should be known to ascertain how nutritious it is. The study was thus aimed at determining the proximate composition of the wines fermented by Meyerozyma guilliermondii and Pichia guilliermondii. Two isolates identified as Meyerozyma guilliermondii strain 1621 and Pichia guilliermondii strain PAX-PAT 18S were used for the fermentation of the substrates obtained from a mixture of pineapple and banana pulp. The fermentation process was for 28 days, followed by a series of racking, clarification, and aging process which was for 2 months. The fermentation process comprised two setups: one was fermented by Meyerozyma guilliermondii strain 1621 and the other by Pichia guilliermondii strain PAX-PAT 18S. The process was monitored and the proximate analysis of the wines was ascertained. The wine produced by Meyerozyma guilliermondii strain 1621 had a moisture content of 82.56 %, ash content of 1.41 %, fat content of 0.08 %, protein content of 1.43%, and carbohydrate content of 9.77%. The wine produced by Pichia guilliermondii strain PAX-PAT 18S had a moisture content of 79.51%, ash content of 1.19%, fat content of 0.15%, protein content of 0.49%, and carbohydrate content of 10.49%. Although this study is not exhaustive, it shows that wines with good nutritional composition can be successfully produced using Meyerozyma guilliermondii strain 1621 and Pichia guilliermondii strain PAX-PAT 18S.
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En el beneficiado del cacao se producen una gran cantidad de residuos, las mazorcas generalmente son desechadas dentro de los mismos cultivos y genera problemáticas como la proliferación de insectos y microorganismos patógenos. De estos desechos las cáscaras son las de mayor relevancia. La Escuela de Ingeniería Química de ITCA-FEPADE evaluó añadirle valor a este subproducto, incorporando desechos de cáscara de cacao en la formulación de un sustrato para el cultivo de plántulas de hortalizas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue obtener un sustrato orgánico que sirva de soporte material y nutritivo a partir de cáscaras de cacao criollo. La biomasa vegetal se caracterizó teniendo en cuenta parámetros como el porcentaje de humedad, pH, porcentaje de cenizas, contenido de potasio, nitrógeno y fósforo. Se ejecutaron pruebas comparativas de formulación del sustrato, siembra, cultivo y crecimiento de las plántulas de hortalizas de tomate y pepino, obteniendo como resultado la fórmula óptima de un sustrato y abono orgánico y el mejor medio de desarrollo. De los resultados obtenidos se concluye que, a partir de un adecuado procesamiento y aprovechamiento de las cáscaras de cacao, se puede transformar este desecho en un producto biomaterial alternativo que genera una opción de bioprospección agroindustrial. Los valores obtenidos en la caracterización fisicoquímica de las cáscaras de las mazorcas, dependen de condiciones como el tipo de suelo, variables agrometeorológicas, calidad de agua, abono y especie de la planta de cacao. El escenario de siembra condiciona el desarrollo óptimo de las plántulas; los factores como requerimiento de agua, distribución de nutrientes y estabilidad de las plántulas, se ven afectados por la relación del espacio de germinación. Como resultado de la caracterización fisicoquímica, se obtuvo: pH de 5.7, cenizas 18.83%, humedad 73.56%, celulosa 21.39%, lignina 39.81%, nitrógeno total 0.02%, fósforo total 0.02% y ausencia de potasio.
In the cacao beneficiation, a large amount of waste is produced, generally, the cacao pods are discarded within the same crops and generate problems such as the proliferation of insects and pathogenic microorganisms. The shell are the most relevant this waste. In Escuela de Ingeniería Química of ITCA-FEPADE the incorporation of cacao shell waste in the formulation of a substrate for growing vegetables was evaluated because the giving benefit to these by-products. The objective of this research was to obtain a substrate that serves as material and nutritional support for vegetable seedlings, from creole cacao shells. The vegetal biomass was characterized taking into account parameters such as moisture percentage, pH, ash percentage, potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus content. Subsequently, comparative tests of formulation, planting and growth of vegetable tomato and cucumber seedlings were carry out, obtaining as result, the optimal formula for the substrate and the best development environment. It concludes that, through an adequate processing and use of the cacao shell, it is possible to transform a waste into an alternative biomaterial product that generates an agro industrial bioprospecting option. The values obtained in the physicochemical characterization of the shells of cacao pods depend on conditions such as soil type, agrometeorological variables, water quality, fertilizer and cacao plant species. The planting environment determines the optimal development of the seedlings, factors such as water requirement, nutrient distribution and seedling stability seems affected because relation of the germination space. The results of the characterization were a pH of 5.7, ashes 18.83%, humidity 73.56%, cellulose 21.39%, lignin 39.81%, total nitrogen 0.02%, total phosphorus 0.02%, and total phosphorus 0.02% and an absence of potassium.
Subject(s)
Cacao/chemistry , Composting/methods , Garbage , Waste Products , Nutrients , Fertilizers , BioprospectingABSTRACT
In Agaricus bisporus, color is a key determinant for marketability and consumer acceptability. However, postharvest browning has become a major concern, affecting the overall economics of the mushroom industry. In button mushrooms, the tyrosinase enzyme (E.C.1.14.18.1) is responsible for the browning reactions by catalyzing the conversion of monophenols and diphenols into quinones which polymerize to form melanin. Thus, the present study focused on the purification and characterization of tyrosinase from A. bisporus. This enzyme was purified with a final yield of 19.71% and 32.05 purification fold. The study of enzymatic activity over a temperature (5-45°C) and pH range (3-10) showed that the optimum temperature was 35°C with pH 7. The kinetic studies revealed that Km values were different for catechol (0.71 mM) and L-dopa (0.87 mM), which indicated a higher affinity of the enzyme for catechol. Inhibition studies showed that cinnamic acid is a non-competitive inhibitor while salicylic acid is a competitive inhibitor of tyrosinase. The molecular weight of the enzyme was found to be 43 kDa and different amide regions were reflected by the FTIR spectra of the enzyme. This study may provide valuable insights into the structure, biochemical properties, and inhibition of tyrosinase enzyme for controlling mushroom browning.
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RESUMEN Objetivo: Comparar los efectos agudos del ejercicio aeróbico en ayuno y postprandial sobre la utilización de carbohidratos y grasas de hombres sedentarios con sobrepeso y obesidad. Métodos: Diseño cuantitativo, experimental, randomizado, cruzado. Siete hombres adultos (37,9 ± 2,4 años), sedentarios, con sobrepeso u obesidad (índice de masa corporal= 29,3 ± 1,9 kg/m2). Todos realizaron 60 min de ejercicio aeróbico al 50% de potencia aeróbica máxima tanto en ayuno (FASTED) como postprandial (FED), iniciando aleatoriamente. En cada oportunidad se midieron la tasa de intercambio respiratorio (RER) mediante calorimetría indirecta basal, durante, y después del ejercicio; glicemia, cuerpos cetónicos, lactato capilares basales, pre-inicio, post inmediato, y 40 minutos post ejercicio. La utilización de carbohidratos y grasas fue estimada desde el RER según ecuaciones estequiométricas. Resultados: Durante el ejercicio no hubo diferencias significativas en utilización de sustratos entre FASTED y FED. Posterior al ejercicio sólo FASTED tuvo aumento (p<0,05) en oxidación de grasas relativo al peso corporal (Pre 0,010 ± 0,006 kJ/min/kg vs Post 0,020 ± 0,014 kJ/min/kg), oxidación de carbohidratos (Pre 0,060 ± 0,010 kJ/min/kg vs Post 0,070 ± 0,012 kJ/min/kg), y gasto energético total (Pre 0,070 ± 0,017 kJ/min/kg vs Post 0,090 ± 0,028 kJ/min/kg). No hubo diferencias en FED, ni entre FASTED y FED. Conclusión: El ejercicio aeróbico moderado en ayuno aumenta la oxidación de grasas y carbohidratos posterior a la sesión en hombres con sobrepeso y obesidad. Esto podría ser útil para su prescripción en pacientes sedentarios con exceso de peso.
ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare the acute effects of fasting and postprandial aerobic exercise on carbohydrate and fat utilization in sedentary overweight and obese men. Methods: Quantitative, experimental, randomized, crossover design. Seven sedentary, overweight or obese (body mass index [BMI]= 29.3 ± 1.9 kg/m2) adult men (37.9 ± 2.4 years) performed 60 min of aerobic exercise at 50% of maximal aerobic power both fasting (FASTED) and postprandial (FED). The first exercise type was randomly assigned. We measured the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) by basal indirect calorimetry during and after exercise; glycemia, ketone bodies and capillary lactate at baseline, pre-start, immediately and 40 minutes post exercise were measured in each exercise protocol. Oxidation of carbohydrates and fats was estimated from the RER according to stoichiometric equations. Results: During exercise there were no significant differences in the use of substrates between FASTED and FED. After exercise, only FASTED had an increase (p<0.05) in fat oxidation relative to body (Pre 0.010 ± 0.006 kJ/min/kg vs Post 0.020 ± 0.014 kJ/min/kg), carbohydrate oxidation (Pre 0.060 ± 0.010 kJ/min/kg vs Post 0.070 ± 0.012 kJ/min/kg), and total energy expenditure (Pre 0.070 ± 0.017 kJ/min/kg vs Post 0.090 ± 0.028 kJ/min/kg). There were no differences in FED, nor significant differences between FASTED and FED. Conclusion: Moderate aerobic fasting exercise increases post-session fat and carbohydrate oxidation in overweight and obese men. This could be useful for application in sedentary patients with excess weight.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: High-intensity Intermittent Training (HIIT) ranked first in the ACSM "2013 Global Training Methodology Survey". Objective: To explore the influence of different speed training intervals on athlete reaction speed. Methods: Sixteen male bicycle athletes were randomly divided into two groups. The two groups then completed a six-week training routine (NT). The two groups then completed a six-week training routine , started 6 weeks of Sprint Interval Training (SIT) (a total of 12 lessons), with SIT instead of Normal Training (NT) live endurance training, and another training remains unchanged. Results: After 6 weeks of NT, Pmax GXT in the CG and DG groups decreased by 0.7% and 1.7%, respectively,as compared to the pre-training numbers. The difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). And after 6 weeks of SIT, Pmax GXT increased significantly (P<0.05) in both experimental groupss,with increases of 9.2% and 10.2% for the CG and DG groups, respectively. Conclusions: The results show that intermittent training can effectively improve the aerobic metabolism of short-haul cyclists. As the power bicycle load and the training intensity and volume of the deceleration intermittent training program increase, the more significant the changes in aerobic capacity that can result in adaptability. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.
RESUMO Introdução: Treinamento intermitente de alta intensidade (HIIT) classificado em primeiro lugar na ACSM "2013 Global Training Methodology Survey". Objetivo: Explorar a influência de diferentes intervalos de treinamento de velocidade na velocidade de reação do atleta. Métodos: Dezesseis ciclistas do sexo masculino foram divididos randomicamente em dois grupos. Os dois grupos completaram uma rotina de treinamento de seis semanas (NT), começaram 6 semanas de SIT (total de 12 aulas), com SIT em vez de treinamento de resistência ao vivo NT, e outro treinamento permanece inalterado. Resultados: Depois 6 semanas de NT, o GXT da Pmáx nos grupos GC e GD diminuiu 0,7% e 1,7%, respectivamente, em comparação com os valores pré-treinamento. A diferença não foi estatisticamente significativa (P > 0,05). Depois de 6 semanas de SIT, o GXT da Pmáx aumentou significativamente (P < 0,05) em ambos os grupos experimentais, com aumentos de 9,2% e 10,2% para os grupos GC e GD, respectivamente. Conclusões: Os resultados mostram que o treinamento intermitente pode melhorar efetivamente o metabolismo aeróbico de ciclistas de curta distância. À medida que a carga da bicicleta motorizada e a intensidade e volume do treinamento do programa intermitente de desaceleração aumentam, mais significativas são as mudanças da capacidade aeróbica que podem resultar em adaptabilidade. Nível de Evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
RESUMEN Introducción: El entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad (HIIT) ocupó el primer lugar en la ACSM "2013 Global Training Methodology Survey". Objetivo: Explorar la influencia de diferentes intervalos de entrenamiento de velocidad en la velocidad de reacción de los atletas. Métodos: Dieciséis ciclistas masculinos fueron divididos aleatoriamente en dos grupos. Ambos grupos llevaron a cabo una rutina de entrenamiento de seis semanas (NT), iniciaron 6 semanas de SIT (total 12 clases), con SIT en lugar de entrenamiento de resistencia en vivo NT, y el resto del entrenamiento permanece sin modificaciones. Resultados: Tras 6 semanas de TN, el GXT de Pmáx en los grupos GC y GD disminuyó un 0,7% y un 1,7%, respectivamente, en comparación con los valores previos al entrenamiento. La diferencia no fue estadísticamente significativa (P > 0,05). Tras 6 semanas de SIT, el GXT de Pmáx aumentó significativamente (P < 0,05) en ambos grupos experimentales, con incrementos del 9,2% y del 10,2% para los grupos GC y GD, respectivamente. Conclusiones: Los resultados demuestran que el entrenamiento de intervalos puede mejorar eficazmente el metabolismo aeróbico de ciclistas de corta distancia. A medida que aumenta la carga de la bicicleta motorizada y la intensidad y el volumen de entrenamiento del programa de desaceleración intermitente, más significativos son los cambios en la capacidad aeróbica que pueden dar lugar a la adaptabilidad. Nivel de Evidencia II;Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.
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Aims@#The microbial pigment can be the best promising alternative to replace synthetic colorant. However, due to the high cost of synthetic medium for microbial pigment production, there is a need to develop a new low-cost medium of bacterial pigment production. This study aims to investigate the potential of banana and papaya peels as alternative lowcost substrates for a carotenoid-producing bacterium, B12 strain (bacteria strain isolated from Holothuria (Lessonothuria) pardalis).@*Methodology and results@#B12 strain identified as an aerobic bacterium with non-motile, diplobacilli shaped and Grampositive bacteria. The fermentation was optimized with different parameters included the effect of temperature, time, concentrations, pHs, carbon and nitrogen sources to find the optimum relative pigment concentration produced by B12. The results showed that the B12 strain produced the highest relative pigment concentration measured at 450 nm when the strain was cultivated at 37 °C and pH 7 in the culture medium incorporated with the combination of dried papaya peels and banana peels (100% v/v with ratio 1:1) at 72 h of incubation. Lactose, peptone and yeast were observed as the best carbon and nitrogen sources to increase the pigment concentration of B12 strain. Stability of the pigment was studied at different physiochemical stress, and it showed the pigment obtained from dried papaya and banana substrates can tolerate and stable under stress condition.@*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#This can be concluded that the combination of dried papaya and banana peels worked well as substrate and can be utilized as a fermentation medium to replace the synthetic medium which is more expensive and uneconomical for industry application. Besides, it also helps in managing waste and solving the pollution problem due to the increasing of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD).
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Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections , Holothuria , Carica , MusaABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the expression of microRNA-4695-5p in the serum of colorectal cancer patients and its effect on the proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer CACO-2 cells.Methods:A total of 43 serum samples of colorectal cancer patients who were admitted to the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from March 2018 to November 2021 were selected, and serum samples of 43 healthy people who underwent outpatient physical examination were used as controls. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the relative expression levels in the serum of colorectal cancer patients and those of healthy individuals. The miR-4695-5p overexpression plasmid or the negative control plasmid were transfected into CACO-2 cells, namely the miR-4695-5p group and the control group, and the transfection efficiency was verified by qRT-PCR. CCK8 method and Transwell experiment were used to detect the effect of overexpression of miR-4695-5p on the proliferation and invasion of CACO-2 cells. The dual luciferase reporter gene experiment was used to verify the targeted binding relationship between miR-4695-5p and Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1). qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the effect of overexpression of miR-4695-5p on the expression of RAC1 gene and Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway protein.The software of SPSS28.0 was used to conduct data analysis. The measurement data of normal distribution were espressed by Mean±SD. The t-test was used to compare the means between two groups, and the one-way analysis of variance was used to compare the means of multiple groups. Results:The expression level of miR-4695-5p in the serum of patients with colorectal cancer was significantly lower than that of healthy individuals ( P<0.01). The relative expression levels of miR-4695-5p in the control group and miR-4695-5p group were 1.09 ± 0.65 and 8.83±2.03, respectively. The expression level of miR-4695-5p in CACO-2 cells in the miR-4695-5p group was 8.10 times that of the control group, and CACO-2 cells overexpressing miR-4695-5p were successfully constructed ( P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the proliferation ability of CACO-2 cells in the miR-4695-5p group was significantly reduced ( P<0.05), and the invasion ability of CACO-2 cells was significantly reduced ( P<0.01). Bioinformatics tools and dual luciferase reporter gene experiments confirmed that miR-4695-5p can target and bind RAC1 ( P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the expression of RAC1 gene in the miR-4695-5p group was significantly decreased ( P<0.01), and the expression of Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway proteins Wnt3a, β-catenin, and c-MYC decreased significantly. Conclusions:miR-4695-5p is lowly expressed in the serum of colorectal cancer patients. miR-4695-5p inhibits the proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer CACO-2 cells by targeting the inhibition of RAC1 gene expression and down-regulating the activity of the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway.