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This study was designed to evaluate the effect of germination time on the proximate composition, functional and pasting properties of flours from red and brown varieties of pigeon pea seeds. The red and brown pigeon pea seeds were cleaned and germinated for 48, 72 and 96 h, respectively and processed into flours, while the flours produced from the ungerminated red and brown pigeon pea seeds served as control samples. The flours obtained were analyzed for proximate, functional and pasting properties using standard methods. The proximate composition of the samples showed that the flours produced from the red pigeon pea seeds had a range of 6.24 � 9.34% moisture, 10.37 � 20.95% crude protein, 1.21 � 1.12% fat, 2.32 � 3.32% ash, 3.14 � 4.23% crude fibre, 76.75-61.07% carbohydrate and 329.29 � 338.10KJ/100g energy, while that of the brown pigeon pea flours had a range of 6.44-9.77% moisture, 10.47-23.69% crude protein, 1.23-1.13% fat, 2.42-3.13% ash, 3.18-4.31% crude fibre, 76.26-57.99% carbohydrate and 358.18-336.83KJ/100g energy. The functional properties of the red pigeon pea flours revealed that the bulk density, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, swelling capacity, gelation capacity and foam capacity ranged from 0.58-022 ml/g, 1.36-1.58 %, 1.40-1.61 %, 2.13-2.38 ml/g, 8.24-11.13 ml/g and 12.28-12.01 %, while that of the brown variety ranged from 0.63-0.36 ml/g, 1.47-1.69 %, 1.46-1.67 %, 1.67-2.46 ml/g, 8.88-11.41 ml/g and 13.33-13.06 %, respectively. The pasting properties of the red pigeon pea flours also showed that the peak, trough, breakdown, set back and final viscosities as well as the peak time and pasting temperature ranged from 3.10 � 5.556cP, 3.35 � 4.86cP, 2.65 � 4.57cP, 5.23 � 7.75cP, 8.82 -10.02cP, 6.79 � 7.34min and 69.79 � 92.710C, while that of the brown variety ranged from 3.59 � 6.21cP, 4.19 � 5.61cP, 3.77 � 5.23cP, 5.59 � 8.25cP, 9.60 � 11.08cP, 7.07 � 7.99min and 80.11 � 99.21oC, respectively. The study, however, revealed that the flours produced from both the red and brown pigeon pea seeds could be generally used as nutrient dense and functional ingredients in the preparation of a wide range of food products especially in Nigeria and other developing countries of the world where there is acute shortage of protein in order to ensure food and nutritional security.
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A sand culture experiment was carried out at ICAR-CPCRI, Regional Station, Vittal in the year 2021, to evaluate the impact of different concentrations of Zinc (Zn) on chlorophyll content and leaf area in arecanut seedlings. Eight varieties of arecanut seedlings (Mangala, Swarnamangala, Madhuramangala, Shatamangala, South Kanara local (S K local), Thirthahalli, Sirsi arecanut selection -1 (SAS -1), Hirehalli dwarf) were cultivated in a naturally ventilated glasshouse using sand culture provided with 0.031, 0.093 and 0.156 ppm of Zn. After six months of growth, the seedlings were assessed for chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll content, and total leaf area. The results indicated that the chlorophyll content and total leaf area of arecanut seedlings were significantly influenced by different varieties and varying levels of zinc supplementation. Maximum values for both chlorophyll content and total leaf area were observed at a Zn concentration of 0.093 ppm (Z2 level). This study suggests that among the different levels of Zn, a concentration of 0.093 ppm (medium level) is optimal for promoting the growth of arecanut seedlings.
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The present investigation was conducted at College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, during the year 2023. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design. The research experiment was conducted to evaluate qualitative parameters of different juice varieties of grape. The results revealed that maximum TSS (21.05 ?B) and brix/acid ratio (42.96) were recorded in T1 – H-516. Maximum pH was recorded in T6 – Manjari Medika (4.03) and highest titrable acidity was recorded in T5 – Gulabi X Bangalore Purple (0.71%). Reducing sugars were highest in T1 – H-516 (17.24%), whereas total sugars were maximum in T4 – Concord (28.56%). Juice recovery was recorded maximum in T6 – Manjari Medika (71.80 %).
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Aim: To determine the optimum date of sowing to realize higher grain yield in rabi rice.Study Design: Split plot.Place and Duration of Study: Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Rudrur, Nizamabad during rabi, 2022.Methodology: The experiment consisted of a total of fifteen treatments which were laid out in split plot design with three replications. Treatments included were five dates of sowing in the main plot M1-20th November, M2-1st December, M3-10th December, M4-20th December, and M5-30th December and three treatments of varieties in subplots S1-JGL 24423 (long slender variety), S2-Ganga Kaveri (medium slender variety) and S3-RNR 15048 (short slender variety) randomly placed in subplots of the main plot.Results: Maximum plant height (100.3 cm), number of tillers m-2 (432), dry matter accumulation (15869 kg ha-1), grain yield (7219 kg ha-1), straw yield(8387 kg ha-1) and HI (46.1) was noticed in crop Sownon 30thDecember. Significantly maximum number of tillers m-2, dry matter accumulation (14263 kg ha-1), grain yield (6127 kg ha-1), straw yield (8650 kg ha-1) was observed in S2-Ganga Kaveriwhile significantly higher plant height (100.6 cm) and HI (45.0) was found in S3-RNR 15048. Lowest height was recorded in S2-Ganga Kaveri (92.6 cm), and above parameters were recorded lowest in crop sown on 20th November, while lowest number of tillers m-2and straw yield (8122 kg ha-1) was observed in crop sown on 1st December.Significantlyless number of tillers m-2 (326), dry matter accumulation (13981 kg ha-1), grain yield (6166 kg ha-1), straw yield (7526 kg ha-1) was recorded in S3-RNR 15048, while lowest HI (43.9) was recorded in S1-JGL 24423.Conclusion: Crop sown on 30thDecember revealed better performance in terms of grain yield under the present study during Rabi conditions. Among varieties, Ganga Kaveri (S2) performed better in terms of grain yield.
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A field study on “Assessing Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotype yields and yield traits with different planting geometries on broad bed and furrows” was conducted during rabi season of 2022 in the experimental field at International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Telangana. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomised block design with three replications. Total 16 treatment combinations consisted of four planting geometries (P1) 30 × 10 cm, (P2) 15:15 × 10 cm, (P3) 20:20 × 10 cm, (P4) 25:25 × 10 cm and four varieties (V1) Girnar 4, (V2) Girnar 5, (V3) Avtar, (V4) K6. The important findings emerged from this investigation found that groundnut sown at the spacing of (P4) 25:25 × 10 cm recorded significantly higher number of pods plant-1 (33.0), kernels pod-1 (2.0), test weight (38.7 g), shelling percentage (67.1%), pod yield (1792 kg ha-1) followed by (P3) 20:20 × 10 cm, (P4) 30 × 10 cm and (P2) 15:15 × 10 cm. The genotype V2 (Girnar 5) performed best in yield and yield contributing characteristics than other genotypes and it was on par with V1 (Girnar 4). Hence, our results concluded that (P4) 25:25 × 10 cm spacing, performing best with (V2) Girnar 5 and (V1) Girnar 4 varieties.
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Aims: To identify the optimum sowing time and suitable varieties of soybean for profitable cultivation during the off-season in the Northern Telangana Agroclimatic zone of Telangana state in India.Study Design: Strip plot design with three replications.Place and Duration of Study: The Regional Sugarcane and Rice Research Station, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU), Rudrur, Nizamabad District, Telangana state, India, between October 2022 and June 2023.Methodology: The field experiment was conducted in medium clay loam soil under irrigated condition. The experiment was laid out in strip plot design with three varieties viz., JS 335 (V1), ASB 22 (V2) and KDS 726 (V3) as horizontal strips and nine dates of sowings viz., 3 Oct (D1), 19 Oct (D2), 3 Nov (D3), 19 Nov (D4), 3 Dec (D5) 19 Dec (D6), 3 Jan (D7), 19 Jan (D8) and 3 Feb (D9) as vertical strips, replicated thrice. The seeds were sown by dibbling at 5 cm apart within the row and rows were space at 45 cm apart. Standard recommended package of practice of kharif season suggested by PJTSAU was followed. The data on growth yield attributes was recorded on selected 5 plant, averaged/ plant and grain yield was recorded from net plot, converted to one hectare and analyzed statistically using OP Stat.Results: The results of the experiment revealed that, the cv. KDS 726 recorded the maximum plant height (35.2 cm) and biomass accumulation (8.93 g plant-1) which was significantly more over the cv. JS 335 and cv. ASB 22 in 3 Nov and 19 Oct sowings, respectively. The cultivars the cv. JS 335 (V1) recorded more number of pods over cv. ASB 22 (V2) and cv. KDS 726 (V3) in 19 Oct (D2), 3 Nov (D3), 19 Nov (D4), 3 Dec (D5) and 3 Jan (D7) sowings. The cv. KDS 726 (V3) was found superior in terms of seeds pod -1 (3.0) which was comparable to cv. JS 335 (V1) and significantly more over cv. ASB 22 (V2) when it was sown on 19 Oct (D2). The cv. KDS 726 (V3) recorded significantly more test weight (g) over cv. JS 335 (V1) and cv. ASB 22 (V2) from 19 Oct (D2) to 3 Jan (D7) sowings. The cv. ASB 22 sown on 3 Oct produced significantly more seed yield (753 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (1599 kg ha-1) over cv. JS 335 and cv. (KDS 726). Conclusion: The soybean cv. ASB 22 with sowing first week of Oct was found to be suitable for cultivation during the off season.
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A Field experiment was conducted at AICRP on Forage Crops and Utilization, ARI, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during kharif 2021. The treatments consisted of four fodder pearl millet varieties (TSFB 15-4, TSFB 15-8 ,Moti bajra and Moti bajra ), two nitrogen levels (80 and 120 kg N ha-1) and two cutting management practices (C1: Two cuts: 1st at 60 DAS, 2nd cut at 50% flowering) (C2: Three cuts: 1st at 50 DAS, 2nd cut at 35 days after 1st cut and 3rd cut at 50% flowering) laid out in randomized block design with factorial concept, with Factor (A) as varieties, Factor (B) as nitrogen levels and Factor (C) as cutting management with three replications. The soil was sandy loam in texture with pH of 7.0 low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and available potassium. The results revealed that TSFB 15-8 recorded significantly higher green fodder (769.8 q ha-1) and dry fodder (191.7 q ha-1) yields. The variety TSFB 15-8 was also shown highest crude protein content (6.0%), crude protein yield (13.8 q ha-1) and higher nitrogen uptake (190.2 kg ha-1). Application of nitrogen 120 kg N ha-1 significantly recorded maximum green fodder yield (716.1 q ha-1),dry fodder yield,crude protein content (6.1%), crude protein yield (14.7 q ha-1) and nitrogen uptake (207.1kg ha-1). But as the nitrogen application increases the ADF and NDF contents decrease. The higher ADF and NDF contents recorded highest at 80 kg N ha-1 and lowest at 120 kg N ha-1. Three cuts for green fodder recorded highest crude protein content (6.5%), crude protein yield (13.9 q ha-1) and nitrogen uptake (228.0 kg ha-1) over two cuts for green fodder. Variety TSFB 15-8 with nitrogen level of 120 kg N ha-1 at C2 found suitable and economical for cultivation in southernTelangana zone.
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Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is mainly a rabi season crop of India grown in diverse agroclimatic conditions under various cropping systems and a major pulse crop in Karnataka state. JG-11 and JAKI-9218 are two prominent chickpea varieties cultivated by farmers in Dharwad district along with Annigeri-1 (local variety). The study throws light on profile characteristics and level of adoption of recommended package of practices of the above chickpea varieties. The study was conducted in Dharwad, Navalgund and Kundagol taluks of Dharwad district of Karnataka state during 2020-21 with a sample of 135 chickpea farmers. “Ex-post facto” research design was employed for the study. The data was elicited through personal interview method. Nearly half (48.89 %) of chickpea farmers belonged to low adoption category of recommended chickpea package of practices followed by medium (36.30 %) and high (14.81 %) categories. The probable reasons for low to medium adoption of recommended practices because majority of the farmers are not aware of the recommended package of practices and also farmers expressed disbelief towards the recommended package of practices because if they practice other methods, they have a fear of losing the yield.
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The present investigation was conducted with the objective of finding out the Effect of Rhizobium, PSB and Mo on the Growth of Different Varieties of Kabuli Chickpea. The study comprised six treatments of Inoculants I1-Control, I2-Rhizobium(Rh.)+phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) seed inoculation, I3-Molybdenum (Mo)@0.5 g AM* kg-1 seed, I4-Molybdenum @1.0 g AM kg-1 seed, I5-Rh.+PSB+Mo seed treatment @0.5g AM kg-1 seed, I6-Rh.+PSB+Mo seed treatment 1.0g AM kg-1 seed and two varieties V1-RVSJKG 102, V2-Phule G 0517, evaluated in Factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with three replications. The results of the present study revealed that the seed inoculation, I6Rh.+ PSB + Mo@1 g AM kg-1 seed was found to be the best among other inoculants with respect to growth in chickpeas, and Variety Phule G 0517 produced higher values of growth and yield attributing.
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The present investigation was conducted during rabi season 2016-17 at ICARDA, Amlaha farm, Sehore to study the supplementation of Mo along with Rhizobium + PSB inoculation in chickpea cultivars on biological nitrogen fixation and productivity. Research title “Response of Kabuli Chickpea (Cicer kabulinum L.) Varieties to Seed Inoculation with Biofertilizers and Supplementation with Molybdenum”. Six inoculants, with two kabuli chickpea varieties evaluated in Factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with three replications. The results of present study revealed The seed inoculation, I6Rh.+ PSB + Mo@1 g AMkg-1 seed was found best among other inoculants with respect to productivity and profitability in chickpea, and Variety Phule G 0517 produced higher values of growth and yield attributing .
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On Farm Testing (OFT) in Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) resistant and high yielding greengram varieties was conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Tirupur in farmers field during kharif 2020. Totally 15 farmers each with one acre were selected in three villages of Pongalur Block in Tirupur district of Tamil Nadu. Critical input viz., seeds of greengram varieties CO 8 and DGG 1 were distributed to the farmers and the varietal performance were assessed along with the existing variety under cultivation VBN 2. The plant physiological parameters viz., plant height, number of nodules / plant and yield attributing parameters such as number of pods / plants, number of branches/plant, Mung bean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) disease incidence (%), yield (q ha-1) and B:C ratio were recorded. The results revealed that, among the three varieties, Greengram CO 8 was recorded more number of pods (42) and minimum incidence of Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) disease incidence of 3.2 per cent resulting in the highest yield of 9.5 q ha-1 followed by DDG 1 with 34 pods/plant, MYMV disease incidence of 7.3 per cent and yield of 8.4 q ha-1 compared to the existing variety VBN 2, which recorded the lowest number of pods (31 Nos.), yield (7.6 q ha-1) with the highest MYMV disease incidence (12.5%). The highest B:C ratio was recorded in greengram variety CO 8 (2.92) which was followed by DDG 1 (2.58). It was concluded that, farmers of Tirupur district in Tamil Nadu were satisfied with cultivation of greengram CO 8 variety due to the lowest disease incidence, higher yield and Benefit Cost Ratio.
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Soybean, the number one oil seed crop in the world has recently occupied an important place in the edible oil and agricultural economy of the country. Lack of good quality seed is one of the major problems encountered in soybean production. Soybean as commercial crop is successful in kharif season as the agro-climatic conditions are found suitable. But climatic conditions may cause the adverse effect on seed production of different soybean varieties in kharif season. Hence, to fulfill the demand of quality soybean seed, efforts has been made to produce the soybean in rabi season.The research trial on rabi season soybean seed production was conducted during 2021-22 at the Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola. The field experiment was laid out in split-split plot design having three replications. Total nine treatment combinations were there, consist of three sowing dates viz., 16 Dec, 31 Dec and 15 Jan in main plot and three spacing as 30 x 10 cm, 45 x 10 cm and 60 x 10 cm in sub plot and three varieties are AMS 100-39, RSC 10-46 and KDS-753 in sub-sub plot.It can be revealed from the experimental results that graded seed yield (kg ha-1) and weight of graded 100 seed (g) were extensively greater in early sown crop of 16 Dec., variety RSC 10-46 and spacing 45 x 10 cm. Sowing date 16 Dec recorded minimum under size seed weight. In variety RSC 10-46 recorded minimum under size seed weight followed by variety AMS-100-39 (44.96 kg ha-1) and spacing of 45 x 10 cm. Treatment combination D1V2(sowing on 16 Dec. and variety RSC 10-46) recorded minimum under size seed yield. Significantly maximum weight of graded 100 seed was recorded by sowing date 16 Dec. (10.44 g) ,variety RSC 10-46 and spacing 45 x 10 cm.
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Gerberas are widely cultivated and have a significant market value due to their popularity as ornamental plants and their traditional medicinal uses. The global gerbera market includes various segments, such as cut flowers, potted plants, and medicinal products. Therefore, present investigation was carried out with title at the Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh during the Winter-2022-23 to determine the performance of different varieties of gerbera for its growth and flowering. Under this experiment, overall, 8 varieties were used comprising of variety Shveen, Petali, Livia, Hiami, Deepti, 17026, Alcochate and Breakdance. The current study found that variety Hiami performed better in terms of characters like plant height at 30, 60 and 90 DAP (18.13, 21.20 and 23.77 cm respectively); early for days to first flower bud emergence (39.43 DAP); days from bud to flowering (9.97 days); number of days for flowering from planting (54.53 DAP); number of days for peak flowering (58.17 DAP); maximum number of buds (10.63 buds); stalk length (64.77 cm); diameter of flower (9.33 cm) and yield per 200 m2 (11693 flowers). Variety Deepti performed better for parameters like number of leaves at 30, 60 and 90 DAP (7.53, 10.37 and 12.63 leaves respectively); plant spread at 30, 60 and 90 DAP (18.77, 26.13 and 35.30 cm respectively); Vase life (8.80 days); second highest for yield per 200 m2 (10263 flowers).
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Carnation, scientifically known as Dianthus caryophyllus, is a popular and attractive flowering plant that belongs to the Caryophyllaceae family. Native to the Mediterranean region, carnations are now cultivated all over the world for their beauty and fragrance. Therefore, present investigation was carried out at the Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh during the Winter-2022-23 with a view to determine the performance of different varieties of carnation for its growth and flowering under ventilated polyhouse. Under this experiment, overall, 6 varieties were used comprising of variety Cerventes, Master, Magno, Baltico, Realism and Kiro. It was concluded that variety Baltico (white) reported significantly better performance compared to other varieties, in terms of Growth parameters like plant height was seen in cervantes (25.19 cm), number of leaves were maximum in master (20.94), number of internodes was highest in realism (18.49), number of branches were seen to be maximum in baltico (4.47), Kiro was found to be less suited variety for Prayagraj agro climatic condition due to metabolic activity. Flowering parameters like days to first flower bud break (65.33 days), days taken for first flower bud opening (66.00 days) was seen in Master, Flower Stalk length was seen highest in Realism (40.80 cm), number of flowers per plant was seen in cervantes (5.17), number of days taken for flower senescence on plant was seen highest in kiro (15.40 days), the vase life in carnation was seen to be the highest in master (0.40 days).
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A field experiment was conducted to find out the "Effect of potassium on the growth and yield of different varieties of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) under Poplar (Populus deltoides) based agroforestry system" at Forestry Nursery, the research farm of the College of Forestry, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, U.P., India. Experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 3 different varieties of Mustard viz. T59-Varuna, Pioneer 45s 42s, and Jugni in 3 replications and 5 levels of Potassium per variety (50% kg/ha), (75% kg/ha), (100% kg/ha), (125% kg/ha) and (150% kg/ha) as of total 15 treatments in all. The result shows that the application of increased levels of potassium fertilizers showed high growth and yield of Mustard. It was recorded from the application of potassium fertilizers in treatments applied with (MOP @ 150% kg/ha) resulted in increased pre-harvest observation viz., plant height (cm), dry weight (g/plant), crop growth rate (g/m2/day) and increased relative growth rate (g/g/day). It was also concluded from the trail that the application of fertilizers in treatment with (MOP @ 150% kg/ha) was found in increasing post-harvest observations viz., number of siliqua/plants, number of seeds/siliquas, test weight (g), seed yield (t/ha), stover yield (t/ha), harvest index (%). Also, after the economic analysis, the returns as compared to investment were found to be more profitable.
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The experiment was conducted during the Summer season 2022, at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Science, Prayagraj (U.P.) to find out the “Effect of Nano phosphorus on growth and yield of different varieties of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and Yield validation using SPSS model”. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design comprising of 9 treatments which include 3 varieties Kadiri Lepakshi (K1812), Kadiri 6 (K6) and Kadiri 9 (K9) and 3 Different levels of nano phosphorous 2ml/litre, 4ml/litre and 6m/litre. Whose effect is observed in Ground nut varieties The result was observed in K-1812 by the application of nano phosphorus at the rate of 6 ml/lit was recorded maximum plant height (61.39 cm), plant dry weight (42.34 g/plant), number of pods per plant (32.87), seed index (42.09 g), pod yield (2.98 t/ha) and haulm yield (4.46 t/ha) and harvest index (40.07 %) were recorded in K-1812 with application of Nano phosphorus at the rate of 6 ml/lit respectively. At the same time higher gross return (1,25,307.00 INR/ha), net return (88,467.35 INR/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.40).Treatment 3 has shown 42.28% increase over predicted yield where as there were 10.88% increase in treatment 7 over predicted yield through SPSS model.
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An experiment was carried out in the Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, during the period of October, 2022 to February, 2023. The experiment was conducted in FRBD with twelve treatments replicated thrice consisting of Two factors, Factor A (varieties: Royal Princess, Snowball, Pink Palasol, and Starlin Queen) and Factor B (spacing: 30 cm × 30 cm, 30 cm x 20 cm, and 30 cm × 15 cm). It was reported that treatment T9 (Pink Palasol + 30 cm × 15 cm) produced significantly taller plants (47.4 cm), and treatment T7 (Pink Palasol + 30 cm × 30 cm) was better in parameters like plant spread (25.1 cm), number of primary branches (6.2), number of flowers per plant (11.9), duration of flowering (57.7 days) and vase life of flower (10 days) whereas days taken to first bud initiation (37 days) was better in treatment T3 (Royal Princess + 30 cm × 15 cm).
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The field experiment was conducted during Rabi 2022, at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments and three replications viz. T1: Radhey + Panchgavya 3%, T2: Radhya + vermicompost 2.5 t/ha, T3: Radhya + Panchgavya 3% + Vermicompost 2.5 t/ha , T4: Pragati + Panchagavya 3%, T5: Pragati +Vermicompost 2.5 t/ha, T6: Pragati + Panchagavya 3% + Vermicompost 2.5 t/ha, T7: Avrodhi + Panchgavya 3%, T8: Avrodhi + Vermicompost 2.5 t/ha, T9: Avrodhi + Panchgavya 3% + Vermicompost 2.5 t/ha and T10: Control: 100% RDF. The results of the experiment obtained that application of Panchgavya and Vermicompost along on the Pragati variety significantly increased the growth parameters viz. plant height (58.24 cm), number of nodules (62.60), plant dry weight (65.60 g/plant) and yield parameters viz. number of pods per plant (35.05), seed index (22.71 g), seed yield (3.41 t/ha) and stover yield (4.83t/ha). This treatment also showed higher gross returns (1,70,500 INR/ha), higher net returns (1,15,102 INR/ha) and B:C (2.08).
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The experiment was carried out in a Pongamia pinnata-based agroforestry system to assess the impact of land use systems, sowing dates, and wheat varieties on wheat cultivation at the Forestry Research Farm, JNKVV, Jabalpur during the Rabi season of 2021-22 The experiment followed a three-factor double split plot design with two systems (open system and agroforestry system) as the main plot, three sowing dates (12th November, 27th November, and 12th December) as subplots, and two wheat varieties (MP-3336 and GW-322) as sub-sub plots. The results showed that the open system outperformed the agroforestry system in terms of plant population, plant height at harvest, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield, and harvest index. Early-sown wheat consistently showed better performance in most parameters compared to timely-sown and late-sown varieties. Among the wheat varieties, the MP-3336 variety exhibited higher plant population, while the GW-322 variety showed taller plants at harvest, longer spikes, higher grain yield, and better harvest index. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing wheat cultivation in agroforestry systems and emphasize the importance of considering land use systems, sowing dates, and wheat varieties to maximize crop productivity.
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Spot blotch, caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker is a major disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), in all the six agro climatic zones of India. Estimation of losses due to this disease vary from location to location, due to diverse environmental conditions. The use of resistant cultivars is the most effective, long-lasting, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly technique for sustainable disease control. The experiment was conducted at Crop Research Centre, Chirodi farm of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.). Among the tested varieties, disease index and AUDPC values varied significantly for both years’ data viz. 2021-22 and 2022-23. In this experiment 32 wheat varieties were screened against B. sorokiniana under artificial epiphytotic conditions in the field. Each variety were sown in two row of three-meter length with three replications, two line of susceptible check RAJ 4015 was sown at every ten genotypes of interval. Among 32 wheat varieties, two varieties were found to be resistant, eleven varieties were found moderately resistant, fourteen varieties were found moderately susceptible and five varieties were found susceptible, none of the variety was found immune and highly susceptible against spot blotch disease. Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) calculated for the thirty- two wheat varieties on the basis of disease index. AUDPC varies from 212.90 to 1143.9 and 198.80 to 1144.90 during the 2021-22 and 2022-23 years’ data. The pooled mean, Area Under Disease Progress Curve varied from 205.85 to 1144.40, showing the fast progress of disease in all genotypes. It was observed that different wheat varieties expressed varied type of disease response against B. sorokiniana.