Actions for the prevention and control of zoonoses in health education: a systematic review and meta-analysis / Ações de prevenção e controle de zoonoses na educação em saúde: uma revisão sistemática e metanálise / Acciones para la prevención y control de las zoonosis en la educación para la salud: una revisión sistemática y metanálisis

Diseases arising from the imbalance between the triad environment, humans, and animals affect individuals' health, as well as the social, and economic well-being of the world's population. Across the globe, health education activities are being conducted to prevent and control zoonoses. To guide future educational interventions, we reviewed scientific articles published in the last five years to characterize and verify the tools: target audience, duration, effectiveness, and gaps and difficulties. Four databases were searched, and 16 articles were selected for the meta-analysis, with 81.3% of the studies being conducted in underdeveloped or developing countries. Of these, 56.3% involved children under 14 years of age, and 62.5% involved activities in elementary and middle schools. The researchers are the professionals who are the most engaged in the activities, and 56.3% of the studies are conducted by veterinarians. Several new teaching tools have been proposed, demonstrating remarkable effectiveness. For systematic reviews to provide a guide for the design of new educational activities, it is necessary to better describe teaching methodologies and evaluation tools, as well as to evaluate in the long term, not only the impact of knowledge on the population but also the incidence of zoonoses.

As doenças decorrentes do desequilíbrio entre a tríade ambiente, humanos e animais afetam a saúde dos indivíduos, bem como o bem-estar social e econômico da população mundial. Em todo o mundo, atividades de educação em saúde estão sendo realizadas para prevenir e controlar zoonoses. Para orientar futuras intervenções educativas, revisamos artigos científicos publicados nos últimos cinco anos para caracterizar e verificar as ferramentas: público-alvo, duração, efetividade, lacunas e dificuldades. Quatro bases de dados foram pesquisadas e 16 artigos foram selecionados para a meta-análise, com 81,3% dos estudos sendo conduzidos em países subdesenvolvidos ou em desenvolvimento. Destes, 56,3% envolviam menores de 14 anos e 62,5% envolviam atividades no ensino fundamental e médio. Os pesquisadores são os profissionais mais engajados nas atividades, sendo que 56,3% dos estudos são conduzidos por veterinários. Várias novas ferramentas de ensino foram propostas, demonstrando notável eficácia. Para que as revisões sistemáticas orientem o desenho de novas ações educativas, é necessário descrever melhor as metodologias de ensino e os instrumentos de avaliação, bem como avaliar a longo prazo não só o impacto do conhecimento na população, mas também a incidência de zoonoses.

Las enfermedades derivadas del desequilibrio entre el medio ambiente, los seres humanos y los animales afectan la salud de las personas, así como el bienestar social y económico de la población mundial. En todo el mundo se están realizando actividades de educación sanitaria para prevenir y controlar las zoonosis. Para orientar futuras intervenciones educativas, revisamos artículos científicos publicados en los últimos cinco años para caracterizar y verificar las herramientas: público objetivo, duración, efectividad, vacíos y dificultades. Se realizaron búsquedas en cuatro bases de datos y se seleccionaron 16 artículos para el metanálisis, y el 81,3 % de los estudios se realizaron en países subdesarrollados o en vías de desarrollo. De estos, el 56,3% involucraba a niños menores de 14 años y el 62,5% involucraba actividades en educación primaria y secundaria. Los investigadores son los profesionales más comprometidos con las actividades, siendo el 56,3% de los estudios realizados por veterinarios. Se han propuesto varias herramientas didácticas nuevas que han demostrado una eficacia notable. Para que las revisiones sistemáticas orienten el diseño de nuevas acciones educativas, es necesario describir mejor las metodologías docentes y los instrumentos de evaluación, así como evaluar a largo plazo no solo el impacto del conocimiento en la población, sino también la incidencia de las zoonosis.

Infectious human diseases: Regions, habitats, threats, and mitigation strategies: The issues—Part II

Globally, vaccines against 47 infectious etiologic agents are approved by at least one regulatory authority as of December 2022. The numbers of viral diseases, infections caused by mycoplasma, bacterial and protozoal diseases, mycoses, diseases caused by parasitic worms, and other infectious diseases of unknown etiology run into thousands. Therefore, more vaccines are required to be developed to keep more populations disease free. Climate change and global increase in temperature may promote sea level rises and an increase in the intensity of rains, causing an upsurge in certain infectious diseases in regions of the human population and even causing movement of habitats. In societies where the expenditure on health as a percentage of gross domestic product is higher, people are more capacitated to tackle the treatment and spread of infectious diseases. As several of such conditions are zoonotic, well-planned strategies for controlling the spread would go a long way in the proper direction. Poverty and contagious diseases are infallibly linked. Major infectious diseases of poverty include tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/ acquired immuno deficiency syndrome (AIDS), malaria, measles, pneumonia, diarrheal diseases, and several neglected tropical diseases. The world is not yet unified in action to jointly work to contain the global problem of infectious diseases in every human habitat. There was a visible divide between and among the rich countries versus the developing countries regarding accessibility and deployment of vaccines against COVID-19 flu. To contain the spread of infectious diseases in the future, the whole world would have to work together, raising funds, strengthening epidemiological surveys, inventing effective vaccines, and vaccinating the eligible population, as also treating the infected with therapy in time, besides resorting to other preventive measures for overall human progress. The developmental efforts are to be pursued jointly and together to benefit all people, respecting the world as one.

Suppurative knee arthritis caused by Pasteurella multocida a case report and literature review / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To report a case of suppurative knee arthritis caused by Pasteurella multocida and review relevant literature to improve the awareness of the clinical physicians regarding this bacterium and provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods　A case of right knee suppurative arthritis caused by Pasteurella multocida was retrospectively reported and relevant literatures were reviewed in this article. Results　The infected person was a 76-year-old female patient with a 5-year history of intermittent pain in his right knee and suffered from joint swelling, aggravation pain, and limited flexion and extension activities after intraarticular injection of sodium hyaluronate. After admission and completing all necessary tests, the patient was later confirmed to have been infected with Pasteurella multocida. The patient's right knee was promptly examined and cleared under arthroscopic surgery, synovium and meniscus were excised, a drainage tube was inserted, and continuous joint cavity irrigation was performed after the surgery, and then ceftriaxone was injected and amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium was taken orally for anti-infection and the patient's condition improved significantly after 26 days. Conclusions　Pasteurella multocida infection cases are relatively rare, but the consequences in high-risk groups are relatively serious. Therefore, awareness of Pasteurella multocida and infection caused by it should be improved and high-risk groups should try to avoid contact with infectious sources as well as strengthen the management of pets so as to avoid infection.

Infectious human diseases: Regions, habitats, threats, and mitigation strategies: The actors—Part I

Infectious diseases are a significant burden on the global economy and public health. The major factors attributed to the rise in infectious diseases are thought to be the unstructured rise in the human population with expanding poverty, unplanned urbanization, fast urban migration, unplanned human habitats in thickly populated urban pockets that are the residence of poor people, insufficient healthcare infrastructure, inadequate vaccination, and neglect in effectively containing the zoonotic diseases, among others. Certain global regions such as China, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Indonesia among the other Asian countries, sections of South America, and vast parts of Sub-Saharan Africa harbor more infectious human diseases. To contain the infectious disease burden, the health infrastructure especially in poor countries needs to be improved. With the assistance of rich countries monetarily as well as technologically, the situation can be improved. International institutions and large philanthropic organizations are working to improve human health globally. More monetary assistance to these organizations would positively contribute to the cause and would go a long way in diffusing the infectious agents.

Are we ready for pig-to-human clinical xenotransplantation trials? / Estamos prontos para ensaios clínicos de xenotransplante porco-para-humanos? / ¿Estamos listos para ensayos clínicos de xenotrasplante del cerdo al humano?

Abstract: The invention and widely use of organ allotransplantation provides effective treatment of some originally fetal diseases such as liver/kidney failure and has saved million of lives around the globe. However, the scarcity of human organs has caused many patients, who could have been treated, to die while waiting for suitable organs around the world. Pig-to human xenotransplantation provides a potential solution to solve this tough problem. Pig organs have been considered as major sources of xenotransplantation because of the sufficient number of donors, the sizes of organs, and physiologically structural similarities. However, xenotransplantation also has some problems, such as the possibility of spreading animal diseases to human, the interspecies immunological barrier, organs of animal origin challenging human nature, and potential informed consent issues. This article will discuss these potential issues and to see whether it is the suitable time to conduct clinical xenotransplantation trials in humans.

Resumen: La invención y el amplio uso de trasplantes alógenos proporciona tratamiento efectivo de algunas enfermedades de origen fetal, como la insuficiencia renal y hepática, y ha salvado a millones de pacientes en el mundo. Sin embargo, la escasez de órganos humanos ha causado que muchos pacientes en el mundo, que podrían haber sido tratados, murieran por esperar un órgano adecuado. El xenotrasplante del cerdo al humano proporciona una solución potencial para resolver este difícil problema. Los órganos de cerdo han sido considerados como fuentes mayores para xenotrasplantes debido al suficiente número de donantes, el tamaño de los órganos y estructuras fisiológicas similares. No obstante, el xenotrasplante también tiene algunos problemas, como la posibilidad de expandir enfermedades animales a humanos, la barrera inmunológica entre especies, el desafío para la naturaleza humana de tener órganos de origen animal y problemas potenciales de consentimiento informado. Este artículo discute estos temas potenciales y plantea si estamos en un momento apropiado para realizar ensayos clínicos de xenotrasplantes en humanos.

Resumo: A invenção e amplo uso de alotransplante de órgãos propicia tratamento efetivo para algumas doenças originalmente fetais tais como falência hepática/renal e tem salvo milhões de vidas em todo o globo. Entretanto, a escassez de órgãos humanos tem causado a morte de muitos pacientes que poderiam ter sido tratados - aguardando por órgãos apropriados em todo o globo. Xenotransplante porco-para-humanos propicia uma solução potencial para resolver este difícil problema. Órgãos de porco tem sido considerados como as principais fontes de xenotransplante por causa do número suficiente de doadores, do tamanho dos órgãos e de similaridades estruturais fisiológicas. Entretanto, xenotransplante também tem alguns problemas, tais como a possibilidade de disseminar doenças animais aos humanos, a barreira imunológica entre espécies, órgão de origem animal desafiando a natureza humana e aspectos potenciais de consentimento informado. Esse artigo discutirá esses aspectos potenciais e verificará se é o momento adequado para conduzir ensaios clínicos de xenotransplante em humanos.

High incidence of acute Q fever among incarcerated people in Cayenne, French Guiana

ABSTRACT Q fever is a major public health problem in French Guiana. In recent years, a considerable number of cases has been reported in French Guiana's penitentiary center. The main objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology of these cases. A retrospective study was conducted at the prison to identify cases of acute Q fever in people incarcerated between 2010 and 2021. During the study period, 16 patients were diagnosed with acute Q fever. The positivity rate varied between 13 and 57%. The annual incidence rate in 2019, 2020 and 2021 was 269 (95% CI: 0-640) 1,120 (95% CI: 290-1950) and 1,931 (95% CI: 60-3810) per 100,000 person-years, respectively. While several vertebrate species have already been shown to play an important role in the transmission of Coxiella burnetii, the full epidemiology picture in the tropics is far from clear, and the prison context, with its controlled environment, could help provide answers.

Prevalence of Bartonella species in shelter cats and their ectoparasites in southeastern Brazil / Prevalência de espécies de Bartonella em gatos de abrigos e seus ectoparasitas no Sudeste do Brasil

Abstract Feline Bartonella can be transmitted to humans through cat scratches or bites, and between cats, by the flea Ctenocephalides felis. The study was carried out in order to investigate the occurrence of Bartonella DNA in cats living in shelters and their ectoparasites and the relationship between the infection status of cats and ectoparasites they host. Bartonella DNA was detected in 47.8% of the cat blood samples, 18.3% of C. felis fleas, 13.3% of flea egg pools and 12.5% of lice pools. B. henselae and B. clarridgeiae DNA were detected in cat fleas, while B. henselae, B. clarridgeiae and B. koehlerae were found in blood samples from bacteremic cats. Cats infested by positive ectoparasites showed approximately twice the odds of being infected. Our results indicate that shelter cats have high prevalence of Bartonella species that are known to be human pathogens. This highlights the importance of controlling infestations by ectoparasites to avoid cat and human infection.

Resumo Algumas espécies de Bartonella têm os felinos como principais hospedeiros reservatórios. Tais patógenos são transmitidos ao homem por intermédio da arranhadura ou mordedura de gatos e entre os gatos, por meio da pulga Ctenocephalides felis. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a ocorrência de DNA de Bartonella spp. em gatos de abrigos e seus ectoparasitas e a relação entre o estado de infecção dos gatos e dos ectoparasitas albergados por estes. Material genético bacteriano foi detectado em 47,8% das amostras de sangue de gatos, 18,3% das pulgas C. felis, 13,3% dos "pools" de ovos de pulgas e 12,5% dos "pools" de piolhos. DNA de B. henselae e B. clarridgeiae foi detectado em pulgas, e B. henselae, B. clarridgeiae e B. koehlerae, em amostras de sangue de gatos. Gatos infestados por ectoparasitas que carreavam DNA de Bartonella spp. demonstraram aproximadamente o dobro de chance de estarem infectados. Esses resultados indicam que os gatos de abrigos têm alta prevalência de infecção por espécies de Bartonella, capazes de causar doenças no homem. E também destacam a importância do controle e prevenção da infestação por ectoparasitas, no intuito de prevenir a infecção em gatos e humanos.

Relação do coronavírus com os animais ­ revisão de literatura / Coronavirus relationship with animals - literature review / Relación del coronavirus con los animales - revisión de literatura

Os coronavírus são doenças zoonóticas, e, acometem diretamente na saúde e o bem-estar dos animais, bem como dos seres humanos. O surgimento de Síndromes Respiratórias Agudas Graves produzidas por esses vírus é cada vez mais comuns no mundo. Com intuito de compreender e divulgar a ampliação das informações voltadas a esses gêneros de vírus, a presente revisão de literatura realizou avaliação das possíveis causas da internalização de fontes de alimentos não naturais aos animais silvestres, bem como o uso de animais com fonte alimentar aos humanos e as consequências da interrelação frente essas migrações. Nesse sentido é essencial compreender como esses vírus interagem e modificam sua estrutura genética. Entender a forma as quais se relacionam com os animais e como esses são usados na alimentação humana, torna possível o rastreio e estudos sobre a doença. Somente assim, será possível propor medidas atuais, e prevenir futuras doenças e pandemias.(AU)

Coronaviruses are zoonotic diseases which have direct effect on the health and well-being of both animals and human beings. The emergence of Serious Acute Respiratory Syndromes produced by viruses is increasingly common in the world. In order to understand and disseminate the expansion of information related to these genera of viruses, this work carried out an evaluation of the possible causes of the internalization of non-natural food sources to wild animals, as well as the use of animals as food source to humans and the consequences of the interrelation in the face of these migrations. In this sense, it is essential to understand how these viruses work and understand the way they relate to animals. Only after that it will it be possible to propose measures to the current pandemic and also to prevent future diseases and pandemics.(AU)

Los coronavirus son enfermedades zoonóticas, y afectan directamente la salud y el bienestar de los animales, así como de los humanos. La aparición de Síndromes Respiratorios Agudos Graves producidos por esos virus es cada vez más común en el mundo. Con el fin de comprender y difundir la expansión de las informaciones dirigidas a esos géneros de virus, este estudio con revisión de literatura evaluó las posibles causas de la internalización de fuentes alimenticias no naturales a los animales silvestres, así como el uso de animales como fuente alimenticia a los humanos y las consecuencias de la interrelación. frente esas migraciones. En ese sentido, es fundamental comprender cómo esos virus interactúan y modifican su estructura genética. Comprender la forma en que se relacionan con los animales y cómo ésos son usados en la alimentación humana. Solo entonces será posible proponer medidas actuales y prevenir futuras enfermedades y pandemias.(AU)

Prevalencia de cisticercosis en porcinos de la provincia de Tambopata, Perú / Cysticercosis Prevalence in Pigs in the Tambopata Province, Perú

Resumen La cisticercosis es una de las principales enfermedades zoonóticas parasitarias que es causada por el establecimiento de la forma larvaria de Taenia solium. Esta enfermedad se desarrolla principalmente en cerdos que son criados en granjas sin tecnificación, donde el uso de la tecnología y las condiciones sanitarias son mínimas. Este tipo de crianza es muy usual, por lo que representa un riesgo de la salud pública. En ese sentido, se determinó la prevalencia de cisticercosis en porcinos de la provincia de Tambopata, donde fue evaluado un total de 98 porcinos. Se tomaron aproximadamente 5 ml de sangre de la vena cava en animales mayores de 6 meses y hembras que no estuviesen preñadas; posteriormente, se obtuvo el plasma para ser procesado mediante la prueba de enzyme-linked inmunoelectrotransfer bloot assay (EITB) o Western Blot. Se determinó que el 17 % de los cerdos evaluados dio positivo para cisticercosis; con respecto al sexo, se obtuvo una seroprevalencia de 5,21 % ± 0,82 % para machos y 11,45 % ± 1,93 % para hembras. Finalmente, se determinó una seroprevalencia de 10,41 % ± 1,75 % para animales jóvenes de 6 a 11 meses y 6,25 % ± 1,01 % para animales adultos de 12 meses a más. Estos resultados reflejan la importancia de la vigilancia y control de las enfermedades parasitarias en los animales de producción ya que pudo corroborarse que la cisticercosis porcina constituye un serio problema de salud pública.

Abstract Cysticercosis is one of the main zoonotic parasitic diseases caused by the larval settlement of Taenia solium. This disease develops mainly in pigs that are reared in non-technified farms where the use of technology and the sanitary conditions are poor. It is quite usual to rear pigs this way and, therefore, there is a public health risk. In this sense, the cysticercosis prevalence was determined among pigs in the Tambopata Province, including 98 animals in the evaluation. Approximately 5 ml of blood were taken from the vena cava in more than 6-month-old female pigs that were not pregnant. Next, the plasma was taken in order to be processed under an enzyme-linked inmunoelectrotransfer bloot assay (EITB) or western blot. It was found that 17% of pigs were positive to cysticercosis. Regarding the sex, the seroprevalence was 5.21% ± 0.82% in males and 11.45% ± 1.93% in females. Finally, the seroprevalence was determined at 10.41% ± 1.75% in young animals (6 to 11 months old) and 6.25% ± 1.01% in adult animals (12 months old and above). These results show how important it is to monitor and control the parasitic diseases in production animals as this study confirmed that porcine cysticercosis is a serious problem in public health.

Seroprevalence of Toxocara in Children from Urban and Rural Areas of Ilam Province, West Iran

OBJECTIVES: The present study was performed to determine the seroprevalence of Toxocara in children ≤ 10 years old, from rural and urban areas of Ilam. METHODS: Serum samples from 383 children ≤ 10 years old, were selected randomly from rural and urban areas of Ilam province and surveyed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS: The total rate of infection with Toxocara was 22% (31% with a history of contact with dogs and cats, and 14% without a history of contact). Of those infected, 23% were male and 18% were female, 36% lived a rural life and 20% had an urban life. A significant correlation was found between the incidence of disease, and urban and rural life, as well as exposure to dogs and cats. There was no correlation between prevalence and gender or age. CONCLUSION: Given the high prevalence of infection with Toxocara amongst children in Ilam province, preventive work in the community such as education in risk management and periodic treatment with anti-parasitic drugs and elimination of stray dogs and cats is an appropriate measure.

Bacterial isolation of oral, rectum and anus swabs from Macaca fascicularis and Macaca namestrina in Kemasul, Pahang, Malaysia

Abstract@#This study was conducted with the aim of isolating and identifying pathogenic bacterial communities from actively shedding anatomical sites of Macaca fascicularis and M. namestrina in Jambu Rias (JR) and Chemomoi (CM) in Kemasul Forest Reserve, Pahang and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of these isolates. The findings show that M. fascicularis had higher bacterial density and ten different isolates were identified from these samples. The antibiotic susceptibility tests determined that ciproflaxin and vancomycin as most effective antibiotic towards these isolates.

Bat Reservoirs for Rabies Virus and Epidemiology of Rabies in Colombia: a review / Murciélagos reservorios del virus de la Rabia y epidemiologia de la Rabia en Colombia: una revisión / Reservatórios de morcegos do vírus da raiva e epidemiologia da raiva na Colômbia: uma revisão

Abstract Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease caused by a neurotropic RNA virus part of the family Rhabdoviridae. The disease is characterized by encephalitic inflammation and is responsible for a number of annual fatal deaths of people and animals in the world. Chiropters such as insectivorous, frugivorous and hematophagous bats are the major transmitters, reservoirs, and vectors of the rabies virus. In Colombia, a total of thirty-five cases of human rabies occurred between 2000 2014. Of the thirty-five cases twenty-two were transmitted by bats. The genetic variant V3 (hematophagous bats) were responsible for 24 human deaths, while the genetic variant V4, carried by insectivorous bats, caused three human deaths. The disease is mainly linked to infected cats that may have hunted infected bats and then transmitted the virus to humans. Diagnosis is usually made by detection of the virus from infected animals and techniques such as RT-PCR, which might be used to promote active surveillance in bat populations. Rabies is a preventable disease and vaccination of pets confers protective immunity, however, vaccination coverage of pets in Colombia is still limited. This review article collects epidemiological data of rabies virus genetic variants associated with chiropters species that have been reported to transmit the virus in the world and emphasizes on rabies cases reported in Colombia during the last decades.

Resumen La rabia es una enfermedad zoonóticas mortal causada por un virus ARN neurotrópico de la familia Rhabdoviridae. La enfermedad se caracteriza por encefalitis y es responsable de múltiples muertes anuales de personas y animales. Quirópteros insectívoros, frugívoros y hematófagos son los principales transmisores, reservorios y vectores del virus. En Colombia, un total de 35 casos de rabia humana fueron reportados entre 2000- 2014, veintidós de ellos fueron transmitidos por murciélagos. La variante genética V3 (murciélagos hematófagos) fue responsable de 24 muertes humanas, mientras que la variante genética V4 (murciélagos insectívoros) causó tres muertes humanas. La enfermedad es transmitida al humano principalmente por gatos infectados que pudieron haber cazado murciélagos infectados. El diagnóstico se realiza mediante la detección del virus en animales rabiosos y técnicas como RT-PCR podrían utilizarse para promover la vigilancia activa de las poblaciones de murciélagos. La rabia es una enfermedad prevenible y la vacunación en animales domésticos confiere inmunidad protectora, sin embargo, la cobertura de vacunación en animales domésticos en Colombia es aún limitada. Esta revisión recoge datos epidemiológicos de las variantes genéticas del virus en especies de quirópteros reportadas como transmisores del virus en el mundo y enfatiza en los casos de rabia reportados en Colombia durante las últimas décadas.

Resumo A raiva é uma enfermidade zoonótica fatal causada pelo vírus neurotrópico do ARN da família Rhabdoviridae. A enfermidade é conhecida por encefalite e é responsável das numerosas mortes anuais de animais e pessoas. Quirópteros e insetívoros, frugívoros e sanguessugas são os principais transmissores, reservatórios e vetores do vírus. Na Colômbia o Instituto Nacional de Saúde relatou um total de 35 casos de raiva humana entre 2000- 2014. Vinte dois deles foram transmitidos pelos morcegos. A variante genética V3 (morcegos hematófagos) foi responsável de 24 mortes humanas. Enquanto a variante genética V4 (morcegos insetívoros) provoco três mortes humanas. A enfermidade está ligada principalmente á os gatos infectados que poderiam ter caçado morcegos infectados e, em seguida, transmitida a os seres humanos. Diagnóstico e normalmente feito a través da detecção do vírus em animais raivosos e técnicas tais como RT- PCR poderiam se utilizar para promover a vigilância ativa das populações de morcegos. A raiva é uma enfermidade evitável em animais domésticos cuja vacinação confere imunidade protetora, no entanto, a cobertura de vacinação em animais de estimação na Colômbia ainda é limitada, precisando de mais cobertura. Este artigo de revisão recolha dados epidemiológicos e variantes genéticas do vírus, e a diversidade de espécies de morcego reportado como transmissores do vírus no mundo. O manuscrito também resume os principais casos de raiva reportados na Colômbia nas últimas décadas e enfatiza a necessidade de reforçar a vigilância ativa para o diagnóstico de raiva em morcegos em todo o país.

Parasites of marine, freshwater and farmed fishes of Portugal: a review / Parasitos de peixes marinhos, de água doce e de criação de Portugal: uma revisão

Abstract An extensive literature review is made of the parasites in marine and freshwater fish in mainland Portugal, the Portuguese archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira, as well as in farmed fish. The host(s) of each parasite species, its location in the host, site of capture of the host, whenever possible, and all the available bibliographic references are described. The economic importance of some parasites and the zoonotic relevance of some parasitic forms are discussed. A general overview of the data is provided, and some research lines are suggested in order to increase and complement the current body of knowledge about the parasites of fish from Portugal.

Resumo É feita uma revisão do conhecimento dos parasitas de peixes de Portugal com base em extensa compilação bibliográfica. São referidos os parasitas de peixes marinhos e de água doce do continente, dos Arquipélagos da Madeira e dos Açores, bem como os parasitas de peixes de piscicultura. Para cada espécie é indicado o hospedeiro, localização no hospedeiro, local de pesca quando possível, e referências bibliográficas disponíveis. Discute-se a importância econômica de alguns dos parasitas e a relevância zoonótica de algumas formas. É feita uma avaliação geral dos dados e sugerem-se linhas de pesquisa que aumentem e complementem o conhecimento atual sobre os parasitas de peixes de Portugal.

Data analyze of suspicious rodents for zoonotic diseases in Mongolia / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

BackgroundThere are 137 soums of 17 provinces have plague foci in Mongolia. The 51.7% of them is case, 23.4%- low, 9.5% - high, 0.7% - hyper active. Main host of plague foci is marmot in Mongolia. According last20 year’s surveillance study, about 75.5% of Y.pestis was isolated from marmot, marmot carcassesand their flea. Human plague cases has been caused illegal hunting marmot in Mongolia. Even legaldocument which prohibited marmot hunting was appeared since 2005, people has been hunting marmotfor selling marmot meat, skin and other products. It is depends economy crises and other public issues inMongolia. Also influenced increase risk of human plague and being reverse result in plague preventionactivities.Materials and MethodsStudy was used data of rodent for zoonotic diseases suspicious which tested plague in National centerfor zoonotic disease (NCZD) in 2005-2015 and 13 local center for zoonotic diseases in 1988-2015. Datawas kept in NCZD and National archival authority. For mapping we used Arc View 3.2.ResultsTotally 397 event information of suspicious rodents and other animals was received in NCZD from 8 districtsof Ulaanbaatar city in 2002-2015. Most of information was received from Songinokhairkhan-64.2%district and smallest number was from Nalaikh district-0.3%. 92.2% of them were marmot, 0.1% of themwere marmot raw products for treatment purpose. Totally 1285 animal samples were tested by plaguedisease and the result was negative. Five hundred thirty tree marmots were carried to Ulaanbaatar from10 provinces. In that time plague foci were active and Y.pestis was isolated in provinces which marmotwas carried to Ulaanbaatar.In 1988-2015, totally 257 marmots and animals of 515 event information was received in15 provinces.Including 13.2% of them were birds, 84% of them marmot, 1.6% of them were livestock, 1.2% of themother animals. About 216 marmots were tested by plague. 51.2% of them were detected positive results.We develop conclusion based laboratory investigation result even it need high cost to take earlyprevention and response measures.Conclusion1. It is high risk to spread plague by carrying suspicious animal in urban area. Therefore, it is importantto take early response measures even it high cost. In further, increase cost and support rapid test ofhigh technology.2. To organize rational advertisement and increase knowledge of population about not doing illegalhunting, not selling marmot raw products in urban area, not using marmot raw products for treatmentuse and avoid contact with marmot carcasses.3. It is important to cooperate joint response measures with policeman, inspection agency andveterinary and human health sectors in Mongolia.

Epidemiological profile of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic region in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil / Perfil epidemiológico da leishmaniose cutânea em uma região endêmica do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

The objective of the present study was to investigate the dynamics and profile of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) in an old colonization area in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Health departments of municipalities in the Central-Southern region that had notified cases to the Ministry of Health's Notifiable Diseases Information System between 1997 and 2002 were contacted to obtain data. Out of the 119 cases recorded, 51 patients were visited for an interview and inspection of the environment. The cases of ACL exhibited a profile similar to that observed in other Brazilian cities, affecting individuals of both genders, all age groups and different occupational categories, especially students. Risk activities were reported by 56.9 percent of the interviewees and 84.3 percent had never left their homeland. Water courses, chicken coops, bamboo plantations and different fruit trees including banana plants and mango trees were frequently observed in the surrounding environment. Most of the interviewees had not noted any environmental changes prior to becoming sick. Domestic animals were present in all homes, but only dogs presented lesions suggestive of the disease. These were on different occasions that rarely preceded or coincided with the human cases. The possible existence of distinct transmission cycles, i.e. one for canines and another for humans, was discussed.

Este estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a dinâmica e o perfil da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA) em uma área de colonização antiga do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. As secretarias de saúde dos municípios da Região Centro-Sul que notificaram casos ao Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação do Ministério da Saúde entre os anos de 1997 e 2002 foram contactadas para obtenção dos dados. Do total de 119 casos registrados, 51 pacientes foram visitados para realização de entrevista e observação do ambiente. A LTA exibiu perfil semelhante ao de outras cidades brasileiras, acometendo indivíduos de ambos os sexos, de todas as faixas etárias e diversas categorias ocupacionais, principalmente estudantes. A realização de atividades de risco foi relatada por 56,9 por cento dos entrevistados e 84,3 por cento não se deslocaram do município de residência. No ambiente circundante havia, frequentemente, cursos d'água, galinheiros, bambuzais e diversas frutíferas, entre elas: bananeiras e mangueiras. A maioria dos entrevistados não observou mudanças ambientais anteriormente ao adoecimento. Animais domésticos estiveram presentes em todos os domicílios, mas apenas cães evidenciaram lesões sugestivas da doença em ocasiões diversas, raramente antecedendo ou coincidindo com casos humanos. A possibilidade de existirem ciclos de transmissão distintos, um canino e outro, humano, foi discutida.