Abdominoplastia TULUA: modificaciones y aportes personales / TULUA abdominoplasty: personal approach and modifications

Introducción. La abdominoplastia ha evolucionado desde una simple resección en bloque de piel y tejido celular subcutáneo hasta un procedimiento multimodal que combina la corrección de todas las capas del abdomen asociado a una liposucción circunferencial para mejorar el contorno corporal. A pesar de que la combinación de liposucción y abdominoplastia ha demostrado ser segura, aún no hay un consenso en cuanto a la cantidad de volumen que se puede extraer en las diferentes áreas sin aumentar el riesgo. Con el fin de disminuir dichas complicaciones, Villegas desarrolló una modificación a la técnica clásica que denominó abdominoplastia TULUA. A partir de entonces, comenzamos a realizar la técnica con resultados satisfactorios, por lo que el objetivo de este trabajo es presentar dicha experiencia a través de una serie de casos con la técnica de TULUA y las modificaciones realizadas a lo largo de los años. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional, retrospectivo y descriptivo de todos los pacientes intervenidos de abdominoplastia TULUA desde julio de 2017 hasta julio de 2020. Resultados. Fueron intervenidos 28 pacientes, todos del género femenino. La edad promedio fue de 45,6 años; 26 casos primarios y 2 secundarios; 24 de las cirugías fueron abdominoplastias TULUA convencionales y 4 fueron miniabominoplastias asociadas a mini-TULUA. El 67% de los casos fueron realizados con cirugías concomitantes. El promedio del volumen de liposucción fue de 3,3 litros. El promedio del tamaño de la plicatura fue de 7,5x22,9 cm. El tiempo promedio de cirugía fue de 3,01 horas. Seis pacientes evolucionaron con complicaciones. Conclusiones. La abdominoplastia TULUA es una alternativa a la abdominoplastia convencional que puede ser aplicada tanto en abdómenes primarios como secundarios, con resultados aceptables. Puede ser de gran utilidad en casos con cicatrices abdominales previas o pacientes con riesgo aumentado de complicaciones vasculares, como tabaquistas. La principal ventaja radica en su seguridad vascular al no generar un despegamiento epigástrico lo que permite una liposucción sin restricciones con preservación de perforantes y menor espacio muerto. Además, a través de la plicatura transversal, permite corregir la laxitud de la pared abdominal, disminuir la tensión sobre la cicatriz y ocluir el espacio muerto. El neoombligo, si bien es un desafío, logra resultados aceptables a largo plazo.

Introduction. Since its inception, abdominoplasty has evolved from a simple en-bloc resection of skin and fat to a multimodal approach that combines correction of all abdominal layers with simultaneous circular liposuction for silhouette contouring. Liposuction in combination with abdominoplasty has proven to be safe and effective, however, there is still debates on how much fat can be safely removed without increasing complication rates. To avoid vascular complications, Villegas addressed a set of modifications to abdominoplasty which he named TULUA. Since then, the authors had performed this technique with acceptable cosmetic outcomes. In this paper, we present a clinical series, marking some technical aspects and evaluating the results. Methods. A retrospective study was carried out involving 28 patients who underwent TULUA abdominoplasty between July of 2017 and July of 2020. Technical aspects, main outcomes and complications were reported. Results. Between this period, TULUA abominoplasty was performed in 28 patients by the senior author. Traditional abdominoplasty was performed in 24 patients and mini abdominoplasty in 4; 26 were primary cases. Mean amount of simultaneously aspired lipoaspirate was 3,3 liters, mean duration of surgery was 3,1 hours and mean size of plication was 7,5x22,9 cm. None of the patients had any skin necrosis or seroma; 6 patients presented complications. Conclusions. TULUA abdominoplasty is an alternative technique to classic abdominoplasty that can be perform in primary and secondary cases with acceptable cosmetic outcomes. Some population with increased risk of vascular complications such us smokers, patients with prior abdominal scars or secondary revisions may have an increased benefit from this approach. The main advantage of this technique is regarding vascular safety by limiting undermining and preserving vessels which allows a full liposuction with less risk. Also, by performing a transverse plication, abdominal wall laxity is addressed, tension at the suture line is reduced and limited dead space is obtained, thus reducing the chance of seroma.

Associação entre a técnica de fechamento uterino na cesárea e a istmocele: uma visão global / Association between uterine closure technique after cesarean and isthmocele: an overview

A istmocele (ou "defeito cicatricial de cesariana") é uma alteração anatômica na parede uterina responsável por formar um "nicho", que é visualizado como uma área hipoecoica por histerografia ou por outros métodos de imagem, devido a uma cicatrização inapropriada de uma cesárea anterior. Essa modificação leva a complicações ginecológicas e obstétricas. Este estudo pretendeu analisar, entre os fatores de risco, a relação da istmocele com a técnica de fechamento uterino, comparando a sutura em camada simples com a dupla. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica em diferentes bases de dados eletrônicos. Foram encontrados 31 artigos, todavia apenas 13 estudos foram incluídos no presente estudo após avaliação criteriosa. A técnica de fechamento uterino é um dos fatores de risco possível de prevenir, sendo que a sutura em camada simples é associada a maior chance de se desenvolver a istmocele. A sutura de camada simples (ancorada) incluindo o endométrio está relacionada a menor espessura miometrial residual, associada a probabilidade de ruptura uterina e a istmocele, que a camada dupla não ancorada com a exclusão do endométrio.(AU)

The isthmocele is an anatomical alteration in the uterine wall responsible for forming a "niche", which is visualized as a hypoechoic area by hysterography or other imaging methods, due to inappropriate healing of a previous cesarean section. This modification leads to gynecological and obstetric complications. This study aimed to analyze among the risk factors the relation of isthmocele and the uterine closure technique comparing the single- and double-layer suture. It was conducted an electronic based search in different electronic databases. The research led to the retrieval of 31 articles; however only 13 studies were included in the present research after careful reading. The uterine closure technique is one of the possible risk factors to be modified; the single-layer suture is associated with a greater chance of developing isthmocele. The locked single-layer suture including the decidua is related to the decreased residual myometrial thickness, associated with the likelihood of uterine rupture and the isthmocele, than the double-layer unlocked excluding the decidua.(AU)

Terapia asistida con vacío y estoma flotante (floating stoma): una nueva forma de tratar un absceso periostomal / Vacuum assisted therapy and floating stoma: S new way to treat a periostomal abscess

Resumen Introducción: Los estomas flotantes se definen como un estoma que no está fijado a la piel de la pared abdominal, esta técnica se ha descrito en cirugía para fístulas entero-atmosféricas y de control de daños. Caso Clínico: Presentamos un reporte de caso de manejo de absceso paraostomal en paciente con antecedente de laparotomía por abdomen agudo, por lo que se decide uso de terapia de presión negativa asociada a estoma flotante, demostrando su utilidad en este tipo complejo de pacientes.

Introduction: Floating stomata are defined as a stoma that is not attached to the skin of the abdominal wall, this technique is described in surgery for entero-atmospheric fistulas and damage control. Clinical Case: We present a case report of the management of paraostomal abscess in a patient with a history of laparotomy due to acute abdomen, it was decided to use negative pressure therapy associated with a floating stoma, demonstrating its usefulness in this complex type of patient.

Prise en charge des plaies pénétrantes de l'abdomen de l'enfant au Centre hospitalier de Treichville / Management Of Penetrating Abdominal Wounds In Children At Treichville Teaching Hospital

Contexte. La prise en charge des plaies pénétrantes de l'abdomen chez l'enfant ne fait pas l'objet de consensus. Le dogme de laparotomie d'emblée est remis en cause au profi t d'un traitement conservateur à appliquer selon des critères précis. Notre objectif était de caractériser les aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques et thérapeutiques des plaies pénétrantes de l'abdomen afi n de proposer un algorithme de prise en charge. Méthodes. Etude rétrospective de Janvier 2009 à décembre 2019, au service de chirurgie pédiatrique du CHU de Treichville.Huit cas ont été colligés dans les dossiers de patients retrouvés et complets. L'analyse statistique a été faite par le test de Fisher. Résultats. L'âge médian était de 9 avec des extrêmes de 2 et 15 ans. Tous les patients étaient de sexe masculin. Quatre patients présentaient un tableau de péritonite.Tous nos patients étaient hémodynamiquement stables.La radiographie de l'abdomen sans préparation (ASP) a été faite chez 5 patients (62,5 %) avec un pneumopéritoine chez 3 patients.Il a été réalisé4 (50%) laparotomies d'emblée et 4 traitements conservateurs.Le test exact de Fisher était statistiquement signifi catif pour p<0,05. Aucune laparotomie secondaire n'a été réalisée après le traitement conservateur. La mortalité a été nulle Conclusion. Les critères de réalisation du traitement conservateur reposent sur la clinique et un plateau technique disponible.

Background: The management of penetrating wounds of the abdomen in children is not the subject of consensus. The dogma of surgical exploration from the outset is called into question in favor of a conservative treatment. This treatment, however, must be applied according to precise criteria. The aim of this study was to characterize the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of penetrating abdominal wounds in order to propose an accurate management algorithm.Methods. We performed a retrospective study from January 2009 to December 2019, in the pediatric surgery department of the Teaching Hospital of Treichville. Eightcases were collected.The statistical analysis was done using Fisher's test.Results. The median age was 9 with extremes of 2 years and 15 years. All patients were male. All our patients were hemodynamically stable. Four presented a peritonitis.Abdomen X-ray (ASP) was performed in 5 patients (62.5%) with pneumoperitoneum in 3 patients (37.5%). Four laparotomies (50%) were performed immediately and 4 conservative treatments.Fisher's exact test was statistically signifi cant for p<0.05. No secondary laparotomy was performed after conservative treatment. Mortality was zero. Conclusion. The criteria for performing conservative treatment are based on clinical elements and a technical platform available.

Laparotomía abreviada y terapia de presión negativa para el cierre temporal del abdomen como tratamiento de la peritonitis diverticular Hinchey III/IV / Abbreviated laparotomy and negative pressure therapy for temporary closure of the abdomen as treatment of diverticular peritonitis Hinchey III/IV

Introducción: Los pacientes que se presentan con cuadros de peritonitis de origen diverticular (estadios Hinchey III o IV) en un contexto de sepsis severa con inestabilidad hemodinámica (shock séptico) la realización de anastomosis primaria presenta una alta tasa de dehiscencia anastomótica y mortalidad operatoria, aconsejándose la realización de una resección y abocamiento a la manera de Hartmann. Sin embargo, la alta tasa de complicaciones relacionadas a la confección del ostoma, la complejidad de la cirugía de restauración del tránsito intestinal, asociado a que entre el 40 % y el 60 % de los Hartmann no se reconstruyen, ha estimulado a que se intenten otras variables de resolución para esta compleja y grave patología. Diversas publicaciones en los últimos años han propuesto la táctica de "cirugía del control del daño" con el objeto de disminuir la morbimortalidad de estos gravísimos cuadros sépticos y a su vez reducir la tasa de ostomías. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar nuestra experiencia inicial con esta modalidad de manejo de la peritonitis diverticular Hinchey III/IV sepsis severa e inestabilidad hemodinámica (shock séptico) y realizar una revisión bibliográfica del tema. Material y método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, de series de casos. Entre noviembre de 2015 y diciembre de 2016. Servicio de coloproctología del complejo médico hospitalario Churruca-Visca de la ciudad de Buenos Aires y práctica privada de los autores. Se utilizó la técnica de laparotomía abreviada y cierre temporal del abdomen mediante un sistema de presión negativa. Resultados: En el periodo descripto se operaron 17 pacientes con peritonitis generalizada purulenta o fecal de origen diverticular. Catorce casos fueron Hinchey III (82,36%) y 3 casos Hinchey IV (17,64%). En 3 casos se observó inestabilidad hemodinámica en el preoperatorio o intraoperatorio. Todos ellos correspondientes al estadio IV de Hinchey. Se describen los 3 casos tratados mediante esta táctica quirúrgica. Discusión: La alta tasa de morbimortalidad de este subgrupo de pacientes incentivó a diversos grupos quirúrgicos a implementar la técnica de control del daño, permitiendo de esta manera estabilizar a los pacientes hemodinámicamente y en un segundo tiempo evaluar la reconstrucción del tránsito intestinal. En concordancia con estas publicaciones, dos de nuestros pacientes operados con esta estrategia, pudieron ser anastomosados luego del segundo lavado abdominal. Conclusión: En pacientes con peritonitis diverticular severa asociado a shock séptico el concepto de laparotomía abreviada con control inicial del foco séptico, cierre temporal del abdomen con sistema de presión negativa y posterior evaluación de la reconstrucción del tránsito intestinal, es muy alentador. Permitiendo una disminución de la morbimortalidad como así también del número de ostomías. (AU)

Introduction: Patients presenting with diverticular peritonitis (Hinchey III or IV stages) in a context of severe sepsis with hemodynamic instability (septic shock), performing primary anastomosis has a high rate of dehiscence anastomotic and operative mortality, advising the realization of a resection and ostoma in the manner of Hartmann. However, the high rate of complications related to performing of ostoma, the complexity of intestinal transit restoration surgery, associated with the 40% to 60% of Hartmann reversal not performed, has encouraged other variables to be attempted resolution for this complex and serious pathology. Several publications in recent years have proposed the tactic of "damage control surgery" in order to reduce the morbidity of these serious septic charts while reducing the rate of ostomies. The objective of this study is to present our initial experience with this modality of management of the diverticular peritonitis Hinchey III/IV severe sepsis and hemodynamic instability (septic shock) and to carry out a bibliographic review of the subject. Material and method: Observational, descriptive study of case series. Between November 2015 and December 2016. Coloproctology service of the Churruca-Visca hospital medical complex in the city of Buenos Aires and private practice of the authors. The technique of abbreviated laparotomy and temporary closure of the abdomen was used by a negative pressure system. Results: In the period described, 17 patients with generalized purulent or fecal peritonitis of diverticular origin were operated. Fourteen cases were Hinchey III (82.36%) and 3 cases Hinchey IV (17.64%).In 3 cases, hemodynamic instability was observed in the preoperative or intraoperative period. all of them corresponding to Hinchey's Stage IV. The 3 cases treated using this surgical tactic are described. Discussion: The high morbidity rate of this subgroup of patients encouraged various surgical groups to implement the damage control technique, thus allowing patients to stabilize hemodynamically and in a second time evaluate reconstruction intestinal transit. In line with these publications, two of our patients operated on with this strategy could be anastomosated after the second abdominal wash. Conclusion: In patients with severe diverticular peritonitis associated with septic shock, the concept of abbreviated laparotomy with initial control of the septic focus, temporary closure of the abdomen with negative pressure system and subsequent evaluation of transit reconstruction intestinal, it's encouraging. Allowing a decrease in morbidity as well as the number of ostomies. (AU)

Management of an Open Abdomen Considering Trauma and Abdominal Sepsis: A Single-Center Experience

PURPOSE: To describe the experience of patients over a 7-year period who have had open abdomen (OA) surgery, at a tertiary university hospital.METHODS: The medical records of 59 patients, who were managed with OA after a laparotomy between March 2009 and December 2015, were reviewed retrospectively. The data collected included demographics, indication for OA, abdominal closure methods, abdominal closure rate, the intensive care unit stay duration, mechanical ventilation duration, hospital stay duration, and complications.RESULTS: Forty-seven patients (37 males, 78.7%) with a mean age of 52.2 ± 16.7 years were reviewed in the study. The indications for OA were traumatic intra-abdominal bleeding in 23 patients (48.9%), non-traumatic bowel perforation in 10 (21.3%), non-traumatic bleeding in 7 (14.9%), and bowel infarction in 6 (12.8%). The abdominal wall was closed in 38 patients (80.9%). Primary closures and fascial closure using an artificial mesh were performed on 21 (44.7%) and 12 patients (25.5%), respectively. The median number of dressing changes was 0 (interquartile range 0 – 1). The median duration of the intensive care unit and hospital stays were 12.0 and 32.0 days, respectively. The median interval to abdominal closure was 4 days (interquartile range 2 – 10.3 days). Twenty-seven patients developed complications, including uncontrolled sepsis (21.3%), entero-atmospheric fistula (19.1%), ventral hernia (8.5%), bleeding (4.3%), and lateralization (4.3%). The mortality rate was 44.7% with sepsis being the main cause of death (61.9%).CONCLUSION: Traumatic intra-abdominal bleeding was a common indication for OA. Primary closure was performed in most patients, and frequent complications resulted in poor patient outcomes.

Cosmetic outcomes of cesarean section scar; subcuticular suture versus intradermal buried suture

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to compare cosmetic outcomes and overall satisfaction rate of cesarean section scar between conventional subcuticular suture and intradermal buried vertical mattress. METHODS: Patients were enrolled to the study by chart review. A scar assessment was obtained retrospectively through a telephone survey. The patient component of the patient and observer scar assessment scale (POSAS) was utilized along with the overall satisfaction of the patient regarding their cesarean section scar and their willingness to choose the same skin closure technique when anticipating their next cesarean section. RESULTS: A total of 303 cases of cesarean section was recruited, 102 finished telephone surveys were calculated for the analyses. Subcuticular suture was regarded as control group (n=52) and intradermal buried suture as test group (n=50). The PSAS score of the test group (mean, 21.8) was lower than that of the control group (mean, 28), with a statistical significance (P=0.02). Overall satisfaction rate did not differ between the two groups. Two parameters of the PSAS score and the level of overall satisfaction showed significant correlation (Pearson's r, −0.63; P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: We suggested the use of intradermal buried vertical mattress as a cosmetically superior skin closure method for application in cesarean sections over subcuticular stitch.

Successful treatment of a bowel fistula in the open abdomen by perforator flaps and an aponeurosis plug

In this report, we present a case of successful treatment of a bowel fistula in the open abdomen by perforator flaps and an aponeurosis plug. A 70-year-old man underwent total gastrectomy and developed anastomotic leakage and dehiscence of the abdominal wound a week later. He was dependent upon extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, continuous hemodiafiltration, and a respirator. Bowel fluids contaminated the open abdomen. Two months after the gastric operation, a plastic surgery team, in consultation with general surgeons, performed perforator flaps on both sides and constructed, as it were, a bridge of skin sealing the orifice of the fistula. The aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle was elevated with the flap to be used as a plug. The perforators of the flaps were identified on preoperative and intraoperative ultrasonography. This modality allowed us to locate the perforators precisely and to evaluate the perforators by assessing their diameters and performing a waveform analysis. The contamination decreased dramatically afterwards. The bare areas were gradually covered by skin grafts. The fistula was closed completely 18 days after the perforator flap. An ultrasoundguided perforator flap with an aponeurosis plug can be an option for patients suffering from an open abdomen with a bowel fistula.

Tensiometric analysis of meshes used in abdominal ventral wall defects in rats / Estudo tensiométrico de telas utilizadas na correção de defeito na parede abdominal ventral de ratos

ABSTRACT Background: Among the various strategies to avoid exaggerated foreign body reaction in the treatment of hernias is the limitation of the amount of polypropylene or the use of absorbable material. Aim: To evaluate the healing of defects in the abdominal wall of rats, comparing microporous polypropylene, macroporous polypropylene and polypropylene/polyglecaprone at the 30º, 60º and 120º postoperative day. Methods: Wistar rats were submitted to defect production in the ventral abdominal wall, with integrity of the parietal peritoneum. Prolene®, Ultrapro® and Bard Soft® meshes were used in the correction of the defect. Nine subgroups of 10 animals were submitted to euthanasia at 30th, 60th and 120th postoperative day. Fragments of the abdominal wall of the animals were submitted to tensiometric analysis. Results: The tensiometry at the 30th postoperative day showed greater resistance of the tissues with Bard Soft® (macroporous mesh) in relation to the tissues with Prolene® (microporous mesh). On the 60th postoperative day Bard Soft® maintained the superior resistance to the tissues comparing to Prolene Mesh®. On the 120th postoperative day the tissues repaired with Ultrapro® (macroporous mesh) proved to be more resistant than the ones by Prolene® (microporous mesh) and Bard Soft® (macroporous mesh). Conclusion: The tissues repaired with macroporous meshes showed greater resistance than with microporous meshes at all stages, and at 120 days postoperative Ultrapro® performed better than the others.

RESUMO Racional: Dentre as várias estratégias para evitar exagerada reação de corpo estranho no tratamento das hérnias está a limitação da quantidade de polipropileno na tela ou utilização de material absorvível. Objetivo: Avaliar a cicatrização de defeito em parede abdominal de ratos, comparando-se as telas de polipropileno microporosa, polipropileno macroporosa e polipropileno/poliglecaprone. Métodos: Em 90 ratos Wistar foi produzido defeito na parede abdominal ventral, com integridade do peritônio parietal. Na correção foram utilizadas as telas Prolene®, Ultrapro® e Bard Soft®. Nove subgrupos de 10 animais foram submetidos à eutanásia no 30º, 60º e 120º dia do pós-operatório. Fragmentos da parede abdominal dos animais foram submetidos à análise tensiométrica. Resultados: A tensiometria aos 30dias mostrou maior resistência do tecido com tela Bard Soft® em relação à de Prolene®; no 60º dia a Bard Soft® manteve a resistência superior ao Prolene®; no 120º dia a reparação com tela macroporosa Ultrapro® mostrou-se mais resistentes que a de Prolene® e Bard Soft®. Conclusão: Os tecidos reparados com telas macroporosas demonstraram maior resistência do que as microporosas em todas as fases, sendo que aos 120 dias de pós-operatório a Ultrapro® teve melhor desempenho que as demais.

Uso del sistema over-the-scope clip (OTSC) en el tracto gastrointestinal. Experiencia en un centro de tercer nivel en Bogotá, Colombia / Use of the over-the-scope clip (OTSC) system in the gastrointestinal tract: Experience at a third level center in Bogotá, Colombia

Resumen Introducción: las perforaciones o fístulas del tracto gastrointestinal (TGI) plantean un gran reto terapéutico y usualmente son de manejo quirúrgico. Con la introducción de nuevos accesorios endoscópicos, el gastroenterólogo cada vez más tiene que manejar a estos pacientes. El sistema over-the-scope clip (OTSC) (Ovesco) ha mostrado utilidad en el cierre de perforaciones del TGI de varias causas. Métodos: este trabajo presenta una serie de casos prospectiva, conducida en un centro de endoscopia de tercer nivel en Bogotá, Colombia, durante el año 2015 en el que se muestra la experiencia con el uso del sistema OTSC, en 6 pacientes con diferentes indicaciones. Los pacientes fueron seguidos mínimo 3 meses para valorar recurrencia. Resultados: se recopilaron 6 casos, 3 hombres y 3 mujeres, con un promedio de edad de 46,6 años, cuyas indicaciones fueron: perforación rectal, fístula gastrocutánea posterior a gastrostomía percutánea, fístula gástrica posterior a cirugía bariátrica, resección transmural del cáncer gástrico con el clip, fístula rectovaginal y perforación duodenal traumática. Se logró el cierre exitoso de la lesión en 5 de los 6 casos, con una tasa de éxito de 83,3%. Conclusiones: el sistema OTSC es un sistema útil para el cierre de perforaciones del TGI de diversas etiologías, mostrando mayor eficacia en el cierre de perforaciones agudas. No siendo útil en lesiones crónicas como la fístula rectovaginal. También puede ser útil en nuevas opciones como la resección transmural del cáncer gástrico temprano.

Abstract Perforations and fistulas of the gastrointestinal tract pose great therapeutic challenges and have usually been treated surgically. Recently, introduction of new endoscopic accessories has resulted in a growing trend of gastroenterological management of these patients. The "over-the-scope clip" (OTSC) system has shown itself to be useful for closing perforations of the gastrointestinal tract resulting from various causes. Methods: This paper presents a prospective case series of patients at a third level endoscopy center in Bogotá, Colombia who were treated in 2015. Experience with the use of the OTSC system in six patients with different indications is presented with at least three months of follow-up to assess recurrence. Results: Six cases, three men and three women, whose average age was 46.6 years were treated for a rectal perforation, a gastrocutaneous fistula following percutaneous gastrostomy, a posterior gastric fistula following bariatric surgery, gastric cancer through transmural clip resection, a rectal-vaginal fistula, and traumatic duodenal perforation. Successful closure of the lesion was achieved in five of the six cases, with a success rate of 83.3%. Conclusions: The OTSC system is useful system for closure of perforations of diverse etiologies in the gastrointestinal tract and is very efficient for closure of acute perforations. Nevertheless, it is not useful for chronic lesions such as rectal-vaginal fistulas. It may also be useful for new options such as transmural resection of early gastric cancer.

Comparative study of abdominal cavity temporary closure techniques for damage control / Estudo comparativo de técnicas de fechamento temporário da cavidade abdominal durante o controle de danos

ABSTRACT The damage control surgery, with emphasis on laparostomy, usually results in shrinkage of the aponeurosis and loss of the ability to close the abdominal wall, leading to the formation of ventral incisional hernias. Currently, various techniques offer greater chances of closing the abdominal cavity with less tension. Thus, this study aims to evaluate three temporary closure techniques of the abdominal cavity: the Vacuum-Assisted Closure Therapy - VAC, the Bogotá Bag and the Vacuum-pack. We conducted a systematic review of the literature, selecting 28 articles published in the last 20 years. The techniques of the bag Bogotá and Vacuum-pack had the advantage of easy access to the material in most centers and low cost, contrary to VAC, which, besides presenting high cost, is not available in most hospitals. On the other hand, the VAC technique was more effective in reducing stress at the edges of lesions, removing stagnant fluids and waste, in addition to acting at the cellular level by increasing proliferation and cell division rates, and showed the highest rates of primary closure of the abdominal cavity.

RESUMO A cirurgia de controle de danos, com ênfase em peritoneostomia, geralmente resulta em retração da aponeurose e perda da capacidade de fechar a parede abdominal, levando à formação de hérnias ventrais incisionais. Atualmente, várias técnicas oferecem maiores chances de fechamento da cavidade abdominal, com menor tensão. Deste modo, este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar três técnicas de fechamento temporário da cavidade abdominal: fechamento a vácuo (Vacuum-Assisted Closure Therapy - VAC), Bolsa de Bogotá e Vacuum-pack. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura com seleção de 28 artigos publicados nos últimos 20 anos. As técnicas de Bolsa de Bogotá e Vacuum-pack tiveram como vantagem o acesso fácil ao material, na maioria dos centros, e baixo custo, ao contrário do que se observa na terapia a vácuo, VAC, que além de apresentar alto custo, não está disponível em grande parte dos hospitais. A técnica VAC, por outro lado, foi mais eficaz na redução da tensão nas bordas das lesões, ao remover fluidos estagnados e detritos, além de exercer ação a nível celular, aumentando as taxas de proliferação e divisão celular, e apresentou as maiores taxas de fechamento primário da cavidade abdominal.

Deep-Plane Lipoabdominoplasty in East Asians

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to develop a new surgical technique by combining traditional abdominoplasty with liposuction. This combination of operations permits simpler and more accurate management of various abdominal deformities. In lipoabdominoplasty, the combination of techniques is of paramount concern. Herein, we introduce a new combination of liposuction and abdominoplasty using deep-plane flap sliding to maximize the benefits of both techniques. METHODS: Deep-plane lipoabdominoplasty was performed in 143 patients between January 2007 and May 2014. We applied extensive liposuction on the entire abdomen followed by a sliding flap through the deep plane after repairing the diastasis recti. The abdominal wound closure was completed with repair of Scarpa's fascia. RESULTS: The average amount of liposuction aspirate was 1,400 mL (700-3,100 mL), and the size of the average excised skin ellipse was 21.78×12.81 cm (from 15×10 to 25×15 cm). There were no major complications such as deep-vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. We encountered 22 cases of minor complications: one wound infection, one case of skin necrosis, two cases of undercorrection, nine hypertrophic scars, and nine seromas. These complications were solved by conservative management or simple revision. CONCLUSIONS: The use of deep-plane lipoabdominoplasty can correct abdominal deformities more effectively and with fewer complications than traditional abdominoplasty.

Deep-Plane Lipoabdominoplasty in East Asians

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to develop a new surgical technique by combining traditional abdominoplasty with liposuction. This combination of operations permits simpler and more accurate management of various abdominal deformities. In lipoabdominoplasty, the combination of techniques is of paramount concern. Herein, we introduce a new combination of liposuction and abdominoplasty using deep-plane flap sliding to maximize the benefits of both techniques. METHODS: Deep-plane lipoabdominoplasty was performed in 143 patients between January 2007 and May 2014. We applied extensive liposuction on the entire abdomen followed by a sliding flap through the deep plane after repairing the diastasis recti. The abdominal wound closure was completed with repair of Scarpa's fascia. RESULTS: The average amount of liposuction aspirate was 1,400 mL (700-3,100 mL), and the size of the average excised skin ellipse was 21.78×12.81 cm (from 15×10 to 25×15 cm). There were no major complications such as deep-vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. We encountered 22 cases of minor complications: one wound infection, one case of skin necrosis, two cases of undercorrection, nine hypertrophic scars, and nine seromas. These complications were solved by conservative management or simple revision. CONCLUSIONS: The use of deep-plane lipoabdominoplasty can correct abdominal deformities more effectively and with fewer complications than traditional abdominoplasty.

Open abdomen management: single institution experience / Abdômen aberto: experiência em uma única instituição

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcome of abdominal wall integrity of both techniques. METHODS: a retrospective study was carried out at the Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, identifying the patients undergoing temporary abdominal closure (TAC) from January 2005 to December 2011. Data were collected through the review of clinical charts. Inclusion criteria were indication of TAC and survival to definitive abdominal closure. In the post-operative period only a group of three surgeons followed all patients and performed the reoperations. RESULTS: Twenty eightpatients were included. The difference in primary closure rates and mean time for fascial closure did not reach statistical significance (p=0.98 and p=0.23, respectively). CONCLUSION: VAC and Bogota Bag do not differ significantly regarding the outcome of abdominal wall integrity, due to the monitoring of a specific team and the adoption of progressive closure.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o resultado da integridade da parede abdominal após utilização do fechamento assistido a vácuo e da bolsa de Bogotá. MÉTODOS: um estudo retrospectivo foi realizado no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), identificando os pacientes submetidos à técnica de fechamento abdominal temporário (FAT) entre janeiro de 2005 e dezembro de 2011. Os dados foram coletados por meio de revisão de prontuários. Os critérios de inclusão foram indicação de FAT e sobrevivência até o fechamento definitivo da parede abdominal. No período pós-operatório, apenas um grupo de três cirurgiões, seguiu todos os pacientes e realizou as reoperações. Além disso, independente da técnica de FAT utilizada, foi aplicada a tática de fechamento fascial progressivo durante as reoperações. RESULTADOS: Vinte e oito pacientes foram incluídos. Não houve diferença estatística nas taxas de fechamento primário e tempo médio de fechamento fascial. CONCLUSÃO: O fechamento assistido a vácuo e a bolsa de Bogotá não diferem significativamente em relação ao resultado da integridade da parede abdominal após as reoperações. Isso se deve ao acompanhamento de uma equipe específica e a adoção de técnica de fechamento fascial progressivo.

Closure of large wounds using rubber bands in rabbits / Fechamento de grandes feridas com fita elástica de borracha em coelhos

OBJECTIVE: To verify the effectiveness of the rubber elastic band in the treatment of large wounds of the body wall of rabbits by means of traction of its edges. METHODS: we studied 30 New Zealand rabbits, divided into three groups (n=10): Group 1- healing by secondary intention; Group 2- removal and eutopic repositioning of skin as full thickness skin graft; Group 3- Approximation of wound edges with elastic rubber band. In all animals, we removed a segment of the back skin and subcutaneous tissue down to the fascia, in accordance with an acrylic mold of 8cm long by 12cm wide. All animals were observed for 21 days. RESULTS: two animals of groups 1 and 2 had wound abscess. In Group 2, there was partial or total graft loss in 90% of animals. The complete closure of the wounds was observed in four animals of Group 1, six of Group 2 and eight of Group 3. There was no difference between the scar resistance values of groups 2 and 3, which were higher than those in Group 1. The scars of the three groups were characterized by the presence of mature connective tissue mixed with blood vessels and inflammatory infiltration, predominantly polymorphonuclear. CONCLUSION: the tensile strength of the wound edges with rubber elastic band is as efficient as the skin graft to treat rabbits' large body wounds.

OBJETIVOS: Verificar a eficácia da fita elástica de borracha no tratamento de grandes feridas de parede corpórea de coelhos por meio da tração de suas bordas. MÉTODOS: foram estudados 30 coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia, distribuídos em três grupos (n=10): Grupo 1. Cicatrização por segunda intenção. Grupo 2. Retirada e reposicionamento eutópico da pele como enxerto de pele total. Grupo 3. Aproximação das bordas da ferida com fita elástica de borracha. Em todos os animais, foi retirado segmento de pele e tecido subcutâneo até a fáscia musculoaponeurótica do dorso, de acordo com um molde de acrílico, com 12cm de comprimento por 8cm de largura. Todos os animais foram acompanhados durante 21 dias. RESULTADOS: dois animais dos grupos 1 e 2 apresentaram abscesso na ferida. No Grupo 2, houve perda parcial ou total do enxerto em 90% dos animais. O fechamento completo das feridas foi observado em quatro animais do Grupo 1, seis do Grupo 2 e oito do Grupo 3. Não houve diferença entre os valores de resistência cicatricial dos grupos 2 e 3, que foram maiores do que os do Grupo 1. As cicatrizes dos três grupos caracterizaram-se pela presença de tecido conjuntivo maduro entremeado por vasos sanguíneos e infiltrado inflamatório, predominantemente polimorfonuclear. CONCLUSÃO: a tração das bordas da ferida com fita elástica de borracha constitui método tão eficaz quanto o enxerto de pele para tratar grandes feridas de parede corpórea de coelhos.

Role of primary closure in the management of early cases of typhoid intestinal perforation, in our set up

To see the benefits of primary closure in typhoid intestinal perforation in early cases, regarding morbidity and mortality in KPK. Prospective study. Study was performed at teaching hospital of KMU-IMS, Kohat from March 2006 to March 2014. In this prospective study, we included 76 cases of single perforation of less than 24 hours in terminal ileum in typhoid fever patients, these patients had primary closure in 2 layers. Data was collected on a structured proforma. Patients' data included demography, clinical features, investigation post-operative complications, hospital stay and follow up. 76 cases were included in the study over 8 years. Mean age was 24 +/- 10.32 years with m:f ratio of 1:2.6. In 100 % cases pain abdomen, fever, tenderness in either right iliac fossa or generalized in the abdomen were observed. Widal test, Typhidot and blood culture was positive in 51 ,54 and 58 out of 76 patients in same order. Wound sepsis was a common post-operative complication 12/76 [15%] other post-operative complications were pulmonary infection, abdominal dehiscence, intra peritoneal abscesses and Intestinal haemorrhage. Mean duration of hospital stay was 13.34 +/- 4.20 days. Mortality was 1.3% Two layer primary closure is an effective procedure having good results. Both morbidity and mortality are low and associated with reasonable length of hospital admission

Abordagem combinada para fechamento de ferida abdominal crônica / Combined approach for chronic abdominal wound

Feridas crônicas com grande área de extensão apresentam grandes dificuldades, tanto para os pacientes quanto para a equipe assistente. Devido à sua alta complexidade, o tratamento geralmente envolve diversos modos de abordagem, bem como um enfoque interdisciplinar. Os cuidados compreendem desde curativos simples e orientações gerais até o ato cirúrgico reconstrutivo final, visando atingir uma cobertura tegumentar adequada. É relatado o tratamento de um paciente de 52 anos, com ferida abdominal crônica e complexa de grandes dimensões, resultante de ressecção de adenocarcinoma de cólon, complicado por fístula entérica de alto débito e deiscência aponeurótica. A associação de múltiplas modalidades de tratamento no cuidado da ferida contribuiu para o controle do trajeto fistuloso, e acelerou o processo de cicatrização e cura da ferida abdominal (AU)

Large-sized chronic wounds present great difficulties, both for patients and for the medical team. Due to its high complexity, treatment usually involves various modes of approach, as well as an interdisciplinary focus. Care ranges from simple bandages and general guidelines to the final reconstructive surgery, aiming to achieve adequate soft tissue coverage. Here we report the treatment of a 52-year-old patient with a chronic and complex large abdominal wound, resulting from resection of adenocarcinoma of the colon complicated by high output enteric fistula and aponeurotic dehiscence. The combination of multiple treatment modalities in wound care contributed to the control of the fistula and accelerated the healing process and healing of the abdominal wound (AU)

Separación endoscópica de componentes por abordaje subcutáneo, experiencia inicial / Endoscopic component separation by subcutaneous approach

Introducción. La separación clásica de componentes crea un colgajo compuesto, el cual se moviliza para reparar primariamente hernias ventrales sin tensión. La extensa disección requerida produce muchas complicaciones e incapacidad. El abordaje mínimamente invasivo ofrece una alternativa menos mórbida. Se describe en detalle nuestra modificación técnica de la separación de componentes con abordaje endoscópico subcutáneo y los resultados iniciales y a corto plazo de una pequeña serie de pacientes. Métodos. Se hace una descripción detallada de la técnica con énfasis en la marcación preoperatoria de la línea semilunar bajo guía ecográfica y se evalúan los resultados de su aplicación en una serie piloto de seis casos de hernias ventrales grandes, intervenidos entre octubre de 2012 y febrero de 2013. Todos los pacientes han sido evaluados clínicamente entre los cuatro y los ocho meses después de la cirugía y, mediante una tomografía computadorizada de abdomen, a los tres meses. Resultados. Un paciente presentó un gran hematoma subcutáneo. No se presentaron otras complicaciones, como infección, problemas relacionados con la malla o seromas. No ha habido recurrencias durante el seguimiento clínico. El control tomográfico a los tres meses de la cirugía demostró una pared abdominal íntegra excepto por un pequeño defecto de 1 cm, bien reforzado por la malla, en uno de los pacientes. Discusión. La modificación descrita de la separación de componentes por abordaje endoscópico subcutáneo es factible, reproducible, ergonómica y de baja morbilidad en el corto plazo. Es necesario hacer un seguimiento más largo para evaluar la tasa de recurrencia.

Traditional component separation (CS) creates a compound flap that can be advanced for tension-free closure of ventral hernias. Wound complications are common because of the extensive dissection that is necessary with the traditional approach. Endoscopic CS offers an alternative with lower morbidity. We describe our initial experience with endoscopic subcutaneous CS and early postoperative results in a pilot series of six patients with large ventral central hernias. This study shows that endoscopic subcutaneous CS is feasible, reproducible, ergonomic, and can result in minimal postoperative complications. Long-term follow-up is necessary to evaluate recurrence rate outcomes.