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1.
Femina ; 49(3): 177-182, 2021.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1224087

ABSTRACT

O diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) é um distúrbio metabólico por déficit na produção e/ou ação insulínica. Tem relação direta com um constante estado catabólico associado com maior resistência à ação da insulina. Doença de difícil controle, implica risco materno-fetal elevado. O objetivo é estudar a eficácia das drogas antidiabéticas orais sobre o controle glicêmico no DMG e sua segurança quanto aos desfechos gestacionais e perinatais. Trata-se de revisão de literatura descritiva baseada em dados de artigos, livros-texto e guidelines emitidos nos últimos cinco anos. O antidiabético oral pode ser uma boa alternativa no controle do DMG em fase inicial da doença, na presença de distúrbio metabólico e como complemento da terapia com insulina. Entretanto, por causa de sua passagem placentária, há preocupações com seus efeitos fetais e perinatais. Estudos comparativos destacam a metformina no manejo do DMG, considerando principalmente a segurança materno-fetal.(AU)


Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic disorder caused by deficit in production and/or insulin action. It is directly related to a constant catabolic state associated with greater resistance to insulin action. Disease difficult to control, implies high maternal-fetal risk. To study the efficacy of oral antidiabetic drugs on glycemic control in GDM and its safety regarding gestational and perinatal outcomes. Descriptive literature review based on data from articles, textbooks and guidelines issued in the last five years. Oral antidiabetic can be a good alternative in the control of GDM in the initial phase of the disease, in the presence of metabolic disorder and as a complement to insulin therapy. However, there are concerns about its placental passage and perinatal effects. Comparative studies highlight metformin in the management of DMG considering mainly maternal-fetal safety.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/drug therapy , Diabetes, Gestational/drug therapy , Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Administration, Oral , Risk Factors , Glyburide/therapeutic use , Acarbose/therapeutic use , Metformin/therapeutic use
2.
West Indian med. j ; 62(9): 861-863, Dec. 2013. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1045772

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: We present a case of recurrent loss of consciousness, which was finally accurately diagnosed as late dumping syndrome twelve years after subtotal gastrectomy and successfully treated with acarbose. A 66-year old lean male was found unconscious repeatedly within one year. Oral glucose tolerance tests performed before and after acarbose treatment verified the diagnosis of late dumping syndrome. Acarbose can be used as a successful treatment modality for reactive hypoglycaemia due to late dumping syndrome by influencing the release of hormone.


ANTECEDENTES: Presentamos un caso de pérdida recurrente de conciencia, que fue finalmente diagnosticado con precisión como síndrome de dumping tardío, doce años después de la gastrectomía subtotal, y tratado con éxito con acarbosa. Un hombre magro de 66 años de edad fue encontrado inconsciente repetidas veces en un año. Las pruebas orales de tolerancia a la glucosa realizadas antes y después del tratamiento con acarbosa verificaron el diagnóstico de síndrome de dumping tardío. La acarbosa puede utilizarse como una modalidad de tratamiento acertado para la hipoglicemia reactiva debido al síndrome de dumping tardío por la influencia en la liberación de hormonas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Acarbose/therapeutic use , Dumping Syndrome/complications , Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Hypoglycemia/etiology , Hypoglycemia/drug therapy
3.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 52(2): 279-287, mar. 2008.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-480997

ABSTRACT

Desde o Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), a terapia insulínica intensiva tem sido direcionada para alcançar valores de glicemia e hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c) tão próximos do normal quanto a segurança permita. Entretanto, a hiperglicemia (especialmente a hiperglicemia pós-prandial) e a hipoglicemia continuam a ser um problema no manejo do diabetes tipo 1. O objetivo de associar outras drogas à terapia insulínica é diminuir a glicemia pós-prandial. A terapia adjunta pode ser dividida em três grupos, conforme seu mecanismo de ação: 1. Aumento da ação da insulina (metformina e tiazolidinedionas); 2. Alteração da liberação de nutrientes no trato gastrintestinal (acarbose e amilina); 3. Outros modos de ação [pirenzepina, fator de crescimento insulina-símile (IGF-1) e peptídeo semelhante ao glucagon 1 (GLP-1). Muitos desses agentes mostraram, em estudos de curto prazo, diminuição de 0,5 por cento a 1 por cento na HbA1c, diminuir a hiperglicemia pós-prandial e as doses diárias de insulina.


Since Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), intensive therapy has been directed at achieving glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values as close to normal as possible regarding safety issues. However, hyperglycemia (especially postprandial hyperglycemia) and hypoglicemia continue to be problematic in the management of type 1 diabetes. The objective of associating other drugs to insulin therapy is to achieve better metabolic control lowering postprandial blood glucose levels. Adjunctive therapies can be divided in four categories based on their mechanism of action: enhancement of insulin action (e.g. the biguanides and thiazolidinediones), alteration of gastrointestinal nutrient delivery (e.g. acarbose and amylin) and other targets of action (e.g. pirenzepine, insulin-like growth factor I and glucagon-like peptide-1). Many of these agents have been found to be effective in short-term studies with decreases in HbA1c of 0.5-1 percent, lowering postprandial blood glucose levels and decreasing daily insulin doses.


Subject(s)
Humans , Blood Glucose/drug effects , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy , Glycated Hemoglobin/metabolism , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Insulin/therapeutic use , Thiazolidinediones/therapeutic use , Acarbose/metabolism , Acarbose/therapeutic use , Amyloid/metabolism , Amyloid/therapeutic use , Drug Therapy, Combination , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism , Gastrointestinal Tract/drug effects , Gastrointestinal Tract/metabolism , Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/analogs & derivatives , Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/metabolism , Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/therapeutic use , Hyperglycemia/drug therapy , Hyperglycemia/metabolism , Hypoglycemia/drug therapy , Incretins/metabolism , Incretins/therapeutic use , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/therapeutic use , Metformin/therapeutic use , Muscarinic Antagonists/metabolism , Muscarinic Antagonists/therapeutic use , Postprandial Period , Pirenzepine/metabolism , Pirenzepine/therapeutic use
4.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 70(3): 433-440, maio-jun. 2007. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-459829

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Conhecer os efeitos do diabetes e o impacto de seu tratamento medicamentoso em curto e longo prazo sobre os vasos da coróide e membrana de Bruch. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 30 ratos Wistar, divididos em 3 grupos experimentais: grupo controle (GC), grupo diabético (GD) e grupo diabético tratado (GT), estudados 1 mês (momento M1) e 12 meses (momento M2) após o início do experimento. O diabetes foi induzido por aloxana endovenosa, na dose de 42 mg/kg. O GT foi tratado com hipoglicemiante oral (acarbose) e insulina subcutânea. Após o sacrifício, os olhos foram preparados para exame ao microscópio eletrônico de transmissão, interessando a ultra-estrutura da membrana de Bruch e os vasos da coróide. RESULTADOS: O exame ultra-estrutural da coróide dos ratos diabéticos mostrou depósitos na membrana de Bruch, acúmulo de vesículas, glicogênio e corpos densos no citoplasma das células endoteliais. O grupo mais afetado foi de ratos diabéticos de 12 meses (GDM2). Os animais com menor intensidade de alterações foram os ratos tratados por 12 meses (GTM2). CONCLUSÃO: Os ratos diabéticos desenvolveram alterações degenerativas na membrana de Bruch e vasos da coróide. Estas alterações foram mais evidentes nos animais submetidos à doença crônica, mas também ocorreram agudamente. O tratamento a curto prazo não foi capaz de evitar os processos degenerativos. A longo prazo, o tratamento inibiu a progressão destes processos.


PURPOSE: To evaluate the diabetic alterations and the impact of short and long-term medical treatment on them. METHODS: Thirty Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: control (GC), diabetic (DG), and treated diabetic (TG) and the observations were made 1 month (M1) and 12 months (M2) after diabetes induction. Diabetes was induced by intravenous alloxan (42 mg/kg). The treated group received acarbose orally and insulin by subcutaneous injection. Eyes were prepared for transmission electron microscopy, specifically for ultrastructure of the Bruch membrane and choroidal vessels. RESULTS: Ultrastructural examination of the diabetic rat coroid showed deposits in the Bruch membrane and accumulation of vesicles, glycogen and dense bodies in endothelial cell cytoplasm. The most affected group was that of the diabetics on month 12 (GDM2). The treated diabetics showed the least alterations on month 12 (GTM2). CONCLUSION: Diabetic rats develop degenerative alterations in the Bruch membrane and choroidal vessels. These alterations are more evident in animals submitted to chronic disease, but they are also present in acute disease. Degenerative processes were not avoided with short-term treatment. Long-term treatment inhibited the progress of these processes.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Rats , Acarbose/therapeutic use , Choroid/blood supply , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Insulin/therapeutic use , Bruch Membrane/ultrastructure , Choroid/ultrastructure , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Rats, Wistar , Time Factors
5.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 2005 Nov; 103(11): 603-5, 608
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-98570

ABSTRACT

Patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) have been designated by American Diabetes Association (ADA, 2004) as having 'prediabetes', which indicates the higher risk of developing the disease in these patients. Prediabetes is important to recognise because of at least 2 major implications: increased risk for future diabetes and for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacotherapy in prediabetes should therefore be directed at preventing or, at least, delaying the onset of the disease as well as reducing the morbidity and mortality from atherosclerotic complications. Several drugs having different mechanisms of action, such as metformin, glitazones, acarbose, orlistat, nateglinide, glicazide, angiotensin-converting enzymes, angiotensin receptor blockers have been found to be effective in prediabetes to improve the glycaemic status, though they are still not recommended by any professional organisation.


Subject(s)
Acarbose/therapeutic use , Blood Glucose/drug effects , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Disease Progression , Humans , Hyperglycemia/drug therapy , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Metformin/therapeutic use , Prediabetic State/drug therapy , Thiazolidinediones/therapeutic use
6.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 2005 Nov; 103(11): 609-11
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-105672

ABSTRACT

Prevention of diabetes has been tried by several groups with varying degree of success. Prediabetic population are the ideal target for the purpose. In this study, prediabetic subjects are selected from the high-risk groups, like those having obesity, family history of diabetes, past history of gestational diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia; and are included in the study when their fasting plasma glucose was found to be below 110 mg/dl and 2 hours postglucose (75g) plasma glucose remained between 110 and 200 mg/dl. After giving advice for lifestyle changes to all for a period of 3 months, those who had their blood glucose values in the impaird glucose tolerance (IGT) range were given either metformin, rosiglitazone or acarbose, the rest continued with diet and exercise only. Total follow-up period was 3 years. All groups maintained blood sugar in the euglycaemic range till the end of the 3-year period.


Subject(s)
Acarbose/therapeutic use , Blood Glucose/analysis , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Disease Progression , Exercise , Female , Glucose Intolerance/prevention & control , Humans , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Insulin Resistance , Life Style , Male , Metformin/therapeutic use , Prediabetic State/diet therapy , Risk Factors , Thiazolidinediones/therapeutic use
7.
Acta cir. bras ; 20(1): 46-54, jan.-fev. 2005. ilus, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-394243

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Este estudo visa a analisar os efeitos, a longo prazo, de cinco diferentes tratamentos sobre o controle metabólico de ratos diabéticos aloxânicos. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 7 grupos experimentais, com 50 ratos cada um, sendo: GN o grupo controle normal; GD o grupo controle diabético, sem tratamento; GI, GA e GIA os grupos tratados, respectivamente, com insulina, acarbose e associação insulina + acarbose; GTIL o grupo tratado com transplante de ilhotas de Langerhans; e o GTPD o grupo tratado com transplante pancreatoduodenal heterotópico. Parâmetros clínicos (peso, ingestão hídrica, ingestão alimentar e diurese) e laboratoriais (glicemia, glicose urinária e insulina plasmática) foram avaliados em todos os animais, no início do experimento, e após 1, 3, 6, 9 e 12 meses de seguimento. RESULTADOS: A exceção do GN, mortalidade foi observada em todos os grupos experimentais no seguimento de 12 meses (GD= 50 por cento; GI= 20 por cento; GA= 26 por cento; GIA= 18 por cento; GTIL= 4 por cento; GTPD= 20 por cento). Em GD, GI, GA e GIA os óbitos ocorreram por distúrbios metabólicos ou hidroeletrolíticos e/ou pneumonia, diarréia e caquexia; em GTIL e GTPD todos os óbitos ocorreram por falhas técnicas no pós-operatório até 72h. Animais dos grupos GI, GA e GIA tiveram melhora significativa (p < 0,05) de todos os parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais observados em ratos diabéticos, sem diferença de efetividade entre os tratamentos. Porém, os resultados observados nestes grupos, biologicamente não foram comparáveis aos observados em GTIL e GTPD, onde observou-se correção completa, aos níveis normais, de todas as variáveis analisadas (p<0,01). CONCLUSÕES: Os tratamentos convencionais com insulina, acarbose e insulina + acarbose melhoraram o estado diabético grave dos ratos tratados, contudo, a eficácia dos tratamentos foi significativamente inferior à oferecida pelo GTIL e GTPD.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/therapy , Acarbose/therapeutic use , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/mortality , Islets of Langerhans Transplantation , Insulin/therapeutic use , Pancreas Transplantation , Rats, Inbred Lew
8.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-94544

ABSTRACT

The 'U' turn in Type 2 Diabetes Express Highway probably lies in lifestyle modifications--going back to traditional lifestyle with use of modern technology to achieve happiness. There is a difference between technology for comfort and technology for happiness.


Subject(s)
Acarbose/therapeutic use , Body Weight , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Humans , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Life Change Events , Nutritional Status , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Risk Reduction Behavior , Stress, Psychological/complications
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