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1.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 78(10): 617-623, Oct. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1131689

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: Acupuncture has been widely used for alleviating pain. However, its mechanisms remain largely enigmatic. Objective: In the present study, we focused on whether the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture is related to its regulation on adenosine and substance P expression. Methods: We established chronic inflammatory pain model in rats through a single injection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant, and then we treated animals using daily electroacupuncture. We applied seven bilateral sessions of electroacupuncture (ST36 and BL60, 0.5 to 1.5 mA, initial strength of 0.5 mA, increased by 0.5 mA every 10 minutes, for 30 minutes per session, one section per day) to Complete Freund's Adjuvant rats for seven days. The analgesic effect of electroacupuncture was evaluated by measuring paw withdrawal threshold in rats that received mechanical and thermal stimulation. Results: Daily electroacupuncture stimulation effectively increased paw withdrawal threshold in Complete Freund's Adjuvant rats. Electroacupuncture increased the adenosine level in zusanli. A further study showed that electroacupuncture could decrease substance P, neurokinin-1 receptor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and CD68 levels in dorsal root ganglion. Interestingly, direct injection of adenosine A1 or substance P receptor antagonists, or dorsal nerve root transection could significantly impair electroacupuncture induced analgesic actions in Complete Freund's Adjuvant rats could and reduce the levels of substance P, neurokinin-1 receptor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and CD68. Finally, we confirmed that direct injection of adenosine A1 receptor agonist replicated the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture. Conclusion: Our results indicate regulation of adenosine-mediated substance P secretion. Substance P-mediated pathway may be involved in the analgesia process by electroacupuncture in rats.


RESUMO Introdução: A acupuntura tem sido amplamente utilizada para alívio de dor. No entanto, seus mecanismos são muito pouco conhecidos. Objetivo: Investigar a relação entre o efeito analgésico da eletroacupuntura e a regulação da expressão de adenosina e de substância P. Métodos: Utilizou-se um modelo de dor inflamatória crônica em ratos por injeção única do Adjuvante Completo de Freund e, em seguida, os animais foram tratados com eletroacupuntura diariamente. Foram aplicadas sete sessões bilaterais de eletroacupuntura (ST36 e BL60, 0,5 a 1,5 mA, força inicial de 0,5 mA, aumentada em 0,5 mA a cada 10 minutos, 30 minutos por sessão, uma sessão por dia) em ratos com Adjuvante Completo de Freund, por sete dias. O efeito analgésico da eletroacupuntura foi avaliado pela medida do limiar de retirada da pata em ratos que receberam estimulações mecânica e térmica. Resultados: A estimulação diária com eletroacupuntura aumentou efetivamente o limiar de retirada da pata em ratos com Adjuvante Completo de Freund. A eletroacupuntura aumentou o nível de adenosina na região zusanli. Estudos posteriores mostraram que a eletroacupuntura poderia diminuir os níveis de substância P, receptor de neurocinina-1, fator de necrose tumoral-alpha, interleucina-1β, interleucina-6 e CD68 nos gânglios da raiz dorsal. Curiosamente, a injeção direta de antagonistas do receptor de adenosina A1 ou de substância P, ou a transecção da raiz do nervo dorsal, podem prejudicar significativamente as ações analgésicas induzidas pela eletroacupuntura em ratos com Adjuvante Completo de Freund e reduzir os níveis de substância P, receptor de neurocinina-1, fator de necrose tumoral-alfa, interleucina-1β, interleucina-6 e CD68. Por fim, confirmamos que a injeção direta de um agonista do receptor da adenosina A1 reproduziu os efeitos analgésicos da eletroacupuntura. Conclusão: Nossos resultados indicam a regulação da secreção da substância P mediada pela adenosina. A via mediada pela substância P pode estar envolvida no processo de analgesia por eletroacupuntura em ratos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Substance P/chemistry , Electroacupuncture , Adenosine/chemistry , Pain , Rats, Sprague-Dawley
2.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 36(5): 324-330, nov. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-733235

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Revisar as experiências de atenção fisioterapêutica dirigidas à população pediátrica descritas na literatura e analisar a produção de conhecimento sobre fisioterapia no contexto da atenção primária à saúde infantil (APSI). MÉTODOS: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática conforme PRISMA, com busca nas seguintes bases de dados: MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane; banco de teses da CAPES; e System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe (SIGLE). Foram utilizados os descritores "atenção primária à saúde", "fisioterapia", "lactente ou criança" e seus correspondentes na língua inglesa e espanhola, sem restrição de ano de publicação. RESULTADOS: Analisamos 13 artigos de seis países, reunidos em três eixos temáticos: dilemas profissionais (três artigos), competências e habilidades específicas para a APSI (sete artigos) e relatos de prática (quatro artigos). Os dilemas profissionais mencionados foram a ampliação do papel do fisioterapeuta para incluir ambientes comunitários, compartilhando a tomada de decisão com as famílias, e o trabalho em colaboração com outros serviços de saúde para identificar as necessidades da criança. As competências e habilidades citadas foram a identificação de sintomas clínicos e socioculturais para além das condições musculoesqueléticas, o diagnóstico fisioterapêutico precoce, a prevenção contra o uso excessivo de medicamentos e a capacidade de trabalhar em equipe. Os relatos de prática discorreram sobre estimulação em crianças com quadros neurológicos, tratamento respiratório e grupos com mães de crianças com esses acometimentos. CONCLUSÕES: O baixo número de estudos sugere desconhecimento quanto ao modo como a fisioterapia se insere na APSI e, provavelmente, quanto às habilidades profissionais necessárias nesse ambiente. Assim, são necessários mais estudos para fornecer dados sobre a área e um esforço de qualificação continuada por parte dos fisioterapeutas.


OBJECTIVE: To review pediatric physical therapy experiences described in the literature and to analyze the production of knowledge on physical therapy in the context of pediatric primary health care (PPHC). METHODS: A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA criteria. The following databases were searched: MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane; Brazilian Ministry of Health's CAPES doctoral dissertations database; and System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe (SIGLE). The following search terms were used: ["primary health care" and ("physical therapy" or "physiotherapy") and ("child" or "infant")] and equivalent terms in Portuguese and Spanish, with no restriction on publication year. RESULTS: Thirteen articles from six countries were analyzed and grouped into three main themes: professional dilemmas (three articles), specific competencies and skills required in a PPHC setting (seven articles), and practice reports (four articles). Professional dilemmas involved expanding the role of physical therapists to encompass community environments and sharing the decision-making process with the family, as well as collaborative work with other health services to identify the needs of children. The competencies and skills mentioned in the literature related to the identification of clinical and sociocultural symptoms that go beyond musculoskeletal conditions, the establishment of early physical therapy diagnoses, prevention of overmedication, and the ability to work as team players. Practice reports addressed stimulation in children with neurological diseases, respiratory treatment, and establishing groups with mothers of children with these conditions. CONCLUSIONS: The small number of studies identified in this review suggests that there is little knowledge regarding the roles of physical therapists in PPHC and possibly regarding the professional abilities required in this setting. Therefore, further studies are required to provide data on the field, along with a continuing education effort on the part of physical therapists.


Subject(s)
Adenosine/analogs & derivatives , Epoxy Compounds/chemistry , Inosine/chemistry , Mutagens/chemistry , Adenosine/chemistry , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , DNA Adducts/chemistry , Inosine/analogs & derivatives , Kinetics , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment , Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
3.
Indian J Biochem Biophys ; 2009 Oct; 46(5): 389-394
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-135222

ABSTRACT

The rates of oxidation of adenosine and chlorogenic acid by tert-butoxyl radicals (t-BuO-) were studied by measuring the absorbance of adenosine at 260 nm and chlorogenic acid at 328 nm spectrophotometrically. t-BuO- radicals were generated by the photolysis of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOOH) in presence of tert-butyl alcohol to scavenge OH. radicals. The rates and the quantum yields() of oxidation of chlorogenic acid by t-BuO-radicals were determined in the absence and presence of varying concentrations of adenosine. An increase in the concentration of adenosine was found to decrease the rate of oxidation of chlorogenic acid, suggesting that adenosine and chlorogenic acid competed for t-BuO. radicals. From competition kinetics, the rate constant of chlorogenic acid reaction with t-BuO- was calculated to be 3.20 109 dm3 mol-1 s-1. The quantum yields (expt) were calculated from the experimentally determined rates of oxidation of chlorogenic acid under different experimental conditions. Assuming that chlorogenic acid acts as a scavenger of t-BuO- radicals only, the quantum yields (cal) were theoretically calculated. expt and cal values suggested that chlorogenic acid not only protected adenosine from t-BuO- radicals, but also repaired adenosine radicals, formed by the reaction of adenosine with t-BuO- radicals.


Subject(s)
Absorption , Adenosine/chemistry , Adenosine/metabolism , Alcohols/chemistry , Alcohols/metabolism , Antioxidants/chemistry , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Chlorogenic Acid/chemistry , Chlorogenic Acid/pharmacology , DNA/metabolism , Kinetics , Oxidation-Reduction , tert-Butylhydroperoxide/chemistry
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