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1.
Acta toxicol. argent ; 29(3): 121-126, dic. 2021. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1374204

ABSTRACT

Resumen Nicotiana glauca también llamada Palán Palán, es un arbusto con hojas verdes azuladas y despulidas y una flor amarilla tubular pendulante que presenta alcaloides piridínicos, como nicotina, nornicotina, anatabina y anabastina (análogo estructural de la Nicotina). Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente de 50 años con cuadro agudo de debilidad muscular generalizada que evoluciona con paro respiratorio, tras la ingesta accidental de una cantidad desconocida de hojas de Nicotiana glauca, cultivadas en una huerta hogareña mediante técnica de hidroponía y confundidas por su conviviente con espinaca. Presentó aumento de lactato y Troponina Ultra Sensible e Hipoquinesia Global de Ventrículo Izquierdo en el ecocardiograma, compatible con Aton tamiento Miocárdico (AM), que evolucionó favorablemente. Si bien hay pocos reportes, se han informado muertes de animales y humanos, tras la ingesta accidental de Nicotiana glauca. El inicio del cuadro es rápido, con patrón bifásico, con vómitos y estímulo simpático, seguido por bloqueo ganglionar y neuromuscular, pudiendo presentar paro respiratorio, shock, convulsiones y coma. El AM es una disfunción miocárdica prolongada con retorno gradual de la actividad contráctil, posterior a un episodio breve de isquemia grave, puede ser asintomático, pudiendo presentar alteraciones en el electrocardiograma, enzimas cardíacas o ecocardiograma. Generalmente presenta pronóstico favorable, pudiendo presentar insuficiencia cardíaca ante patologías concurrentes o aumento de requerimientos de oxígeno.


Abstract Nicotiana glauca is a shrub with bluish green leaves and a pendulous tubular yellow flower. It has pyridine alkaloids, such as nicotine, nornicotine, anatabine and anabastine (structural analog of Nicotine). We present the case of a 50 years old pa- tient with acute generalized muscle weakness that evolves to respiratory arrest, after accidentally ingesting an unknown quantity of Nicotiana glauca leaves, grown in a home vegetable garden, using a hydroponic technique and confused by her cohabiting with spinach. She presented increased lactate and Ultra Sensitive Troponin and Left Ventricular Global Hypokinesia in the echo- cardiogram, compatible with Myocardial Stunned, that it evolved favorably. There are few reports, animal and human deaths have been reported following accidental ingestion of Nicotiana glauca. The onset of the symptoms is early, with a biphasic pattern, with vomiting and sympathetic stimulation, followed by ganglionic and neuromuscular blockage and may present respiratory arrest, shock, seizures and coma. Myocardial Stunned is a prolonged myocardial dysfunction with gradual return of contractile activity after a brief episode of severe ischemia, it can be asymptomatic, and it can present alterations in the electrocardiogram, cardiac enzymes or echocardiogram. Generally presents a benign prognosis, being able to present heart failure with concurrent patholo- gies or increased requirements.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Poisoning/complications , Poisoning/diagnosis , Poisoning/therapy , Nicotiana/adverse effects , Myocardial Stunning/epidemiology , Alkaloids/adverse effects , Alkaloids/pharmacology , Poisoning/epidemiology , Nicotiana/anatomy & histology , Alkaloids/classification
2.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 11(4): 291-305, jul. 2012. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-647632

ABSTRACT

In spite of the high degree of endemism of the native vascular flora of Chile (ca. 52 percent) and predictions based on the frequency of occurrence of alkaloids in the world flora (they have been found in 40.4 percent of the families, 13.1 percent of the genera and 2.7 percent of the species), alkaloids have been isolated from only 12.5 percent of families, 3.9 percent of genera and 1.7 percent of species of the native flora of Chile. The slope of the linear correlation between these two sets of figures suggests that the alkaloid potential of the native Chilean flora has been exploited to the extent of only 29 percent. Currently known alkaloid-containing species from the native flora of Chile are listed in this review together with pertinent references. The distribution of alkaloids was compared between the native flora of Chile and the world flora; this led to the identification of several families with good potential as sources of alkaloids.


A pesar del alto grado de endemismo de la flora vascular nativa de Chile (ca. 52 por ciento) y predicciones basadas en la frecuencia con que se encuentran alcaloides en la flora del mundo (en 40.4 por ciento de las familias, 13.1 por ciento de los géneros y 2.7 por ciento de las especies), se han aislado alcaloides solo desde 12,5 por ciento de las familias, 3,9 por ciento de los géneros y 1,7 por ciento de las especies de la flora nativa de Chile. La pendiente de la correlación entre estos dos conjuntos de datos sugiere que el potencial de la flora nativa de Chile como productora de alcaloides ha sido explotado solo en un 29 por ciento. En esta revisión se entrega una lista de las especies de la flora nativa de Chile que contienen alcaloides y las referencias pertinentes. La distribución de alcaloides fue comparada entre la flora nativa de Chile y la flora del mundo, lográndose identificar varias familias con un buen potencial como fuentes de alcaloides.


Subject(s)
Alkaloids/classification , Flora , Chile , Ecosystem , Species Specificity
3.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 104(7): 1035-1038, Nov. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-534172

ABSTRACT

The molluscicidal activity of Hammada scoparia leaf extracts and the principal alkaloids isolated from them (carnegine and N-methylisosalsoline) were tested against the mollusc gastropod, Galba truncatula, the intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica in Tunisia. The results indicated that the molluscicidal activity was correlated with the presence of alkaloids. A significant molluscicidal value, according to the World Health Organization, was found with the methanol extract (LC50 = 28.93 ppm). Further fractionation of the methanolic extract led to the isolation of two principal alkaloids: carnegine and N-methylisosalsoline. These alkaloids are isoquinolines that have not previously been characterised for their molluscicidal activity. The N-methylisosalsoline possesses the highest molluscicidal activity (LC50 = 0.47 ìM against G. truncatula).


Subject(s)
Animals , Alkaloids , Isoquinolines , Molluscacides , Plant Extracts , Plants, Medicinal , Snails/drug effects , Alkaloids/classification , Alkaloids/isolation & purification , Isoquinolines/classification , Isoquinolines/isolation & purification , Molluscacides/chemistry , Plant Extracts/analysis , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry
4.
Rev. Fac. Farm. (Merida) ; 35: 21-7, 1998. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-259310

ABSTRACT

Los géneros de la familia leguminosae se caracterizan por contener alcaloides con esqueleto quinolizidínico. Entre ellos se encuentra el género Lupinos, el cual está representado en Venezuela por varias especies, poco estudiadas botánicamente. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados obtenidos del estudiante de los alcaloides de Lupinos eremonomos S. y L. meridanus Mortiz


Subject(s)
Alkaloids/chemistry , Alkaloids/classification , Alkaloids/toxicity , Botany/methods , Sparteine/adverse effects , Therapeutics
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