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1.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 76(3): 128-132, maio-jun. 2017. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-899064

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a Prevalência de ametropias e anisometropias em crianças no ensino fundamental nas escolas de 14 municípios do estado de Alagoas. Métodos: Realizado um Estudo retrospectivo com dados de 40.873 alunos na faixa etária de 7 a 15 anos. Os pacientes com qualquer erro refrativo foram considerados ametropes e erros maiores que - 0,75D ou + 2,00D esféricos ou maiores que -0,75D cilíndricos com queixas visuais significativas tiveram óculos prescritos e anisometropia considerada com a diferença maior de duas dioptrias. Resultados: Encontrado prevalência, 5,2% de ametropias. Astigmatismo miópico composto (28,99%), seguido de astigmatismo hipermetrópico composto (20,39%). E anisometropia, de 10.38%. Conclusão: Conhecer a prevalência infanto-juvenil de ametropias e anisometropia na população é fundamental para a adoção de estratégias para diagnóstico e tratamento correto de causas evitáveis de baixa visão.


ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluate a prevalence of ametropias and anisometropias in elementar school children from 14 cities in the state of Alagoas. Methods: A retrospective study, total of 40.873 students, between 7 and 15 years of age, were examined. Patients presenting any refractive error were considered ametropic. Only patients claiming eye complaints with spherical errors greater than -0.75D or +2.00D and cylinder error greater than -0.75D were prescribed eyeglasses. Anisometropia was considered when the refractive difference between the two eyes was of 2 diopters or more. Results: 5.2% presented ametropia. Compound myopic astigmatism (28.99%) and compound hyperopic astigmatism (20.39%). And anisometropias was 10.38%. Conclusions: Understanding the prevalence of ametropias and anisometropias among children is essential to implement strategies for the correct diagnosis and treatment of avoidable visual impairment causes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Refractive Errors/epidemiology , Schools/statistics & numerical data , Students , Anisometropia/epidemiology , Refractive Errors/diagnosis , Anisometropia/diagnosis , Vision Screening , Eye Health , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies
2.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 75(1): 50-54, jan.-fev. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-771119

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar a associação da hipermetropia com ambliopia, estrabismo, anisometropia e astigmatismo. Métodos: A hiperopia foi classificada em Grupo 1: maior ou igual a +5.00D; Grupo 2: maior que +3.25D e menor que +5.00D, com diferença de equivalente esférico maior ou igual a 0.50D; Grupo 3: maior que +3.25D e menor que +5.00D, com diferença de equivalente esférico menor que 0.50D e Grupo 4: com equivalente esférico maior e igual a +2.00D. O Grupo controle pertencente ao equivalente esférico menor que +2.00D. Resultados: A presença de hipermetropia maior e igual a SE+2.00D foi significativamente associada à maior proporção de crianças com ambliopia (27,2 vs. 14,8%, OR = 2,150, p<0,001) e estrabismo (70,8 vs. 39,3%, OR = 3,758, p<0,0001. A presença de hipermetropia também foi significativamente associada à maior proporção de anisometropia nos grupos com hipermetropia maior e igual a SE+2.00 (29,1 vs. 9,9%, OR = 3,708, p<0,0001) e astigmatismo (24 vs. 9,9%, OR = 2,859 p<0,0001). Conclusão: A presença e magnitude da hipermetropia entre crianças foram associadas à maior proporção de erros refrativos e visuais, como estrabismo, ambliopia, astigmatismo e anisometropia.


RESUMO Objective: Evaluate ocular trauma cases related to falling in elderly patients e compare the prevalence and severity of the cases. Methods: A series of cases was made with 52 patients aging 60 or more within the period of 36 months presenting ocular trauma related to falling, whereas the prevalence between the gender, the need for hospitalization or surgery and subsequent visual deficit were evaluated, as well as the severity of the cases. Results: Thirty-three (63.5%) of 52 patients were from the female gender, over which 30.3% had need for surgery and 18.2% developed visual deficit and 19 (36.5%) were from the male gender where 42.1% needed surgery and 26.3% developed visual deficit. Conclusions: The study has shown a higher prevalence of cases in the female gender, although the severity was higher in the male gender.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Astigmatism/epidemiology , Anisometropia/epidemiology , Amblyopia/epidemiology , Strabismus/epidemiology , Hyperopia/epidemiology , Medical Records , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Hyperopia/classification
3.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 83(6): 570-576, dic. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-673072

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Reportar hallazgos oftalmológicos en niños prematuros examinados antes del año de edad gestacional corregida (EGC). Pacientes y Método: Revisión retrospectiva de fichas clínicas de una serie de prematuros ([peso nacimiento (PN) < 1 500 g y/o < 32 sem edad gestacional (EG)] nacidos en CAS entre 2006-2009, examinados antes del año de EGC. Se consignó EG, PN, antecedente de retinopatía del prematuro (ROP), EGC al examen, refracción, anisometropia y estrabismo. Resultados: De 149 prematuros nacidos en el período, 100 tuvieron examen oftalmológico antes del año de edad (67,14 por ciento); el promedio de EG y PN fue 29,3 (rango 2336) semanas y 1217 (343-2190) g, respectivamente. El 29 por ciento presentó ROP, requiriendo tratamiento el 4 por ciento. La EGC promedio al examen oftalmológico fue 6,4 (3-11,5) meses. El equivalente esférico fue +1,34D (-1,75 a +5,75), presentando anisometropia >1D el 2,2 por ciento(95 por ciento IC, -0,82-5,26). El 3,3 por ciento (95 por ciento IC, -0,38-7,04) presentaba indicación de lentes según recomendaciones internacionales y el 4 por ciento (95 por ciento IC, 0,16-7,84) presentó estrabismo. Conclusiones: La baja prevalencia de factores de riesgo para ambliopia detectada en esta cohorte comparada con la reportada para prematuros con ROP severa podria explicarse por la baja prevalencia de ésta última en la presente serie.


Objective: To report ocular abnormalities in premature infants examined before one year of Corrected Gestational Age (CGA). Patients and Methods: Retrospective review of medical records of a number of premature infants ([birth weight (BW) < 1 500 g and/or < 32 week gestational age (GA)] born between 2006 and 2009 and examined before one year of CGA. GA, BW, retinopathy of prematurity (RQP), CGA examination, refraction, anisometropia and strabismus information were recorded. results: Out of the 149 premature infants born during the period, 100 had eye exam before one year of age (67.14 percent), the mean GA and BW was 29.3 (range 23-36) weeks and 1217 (343-2190) g, respectively. 29 percent had ROP, 4 percent required treatment. The mean CGA at the time of ophthalmologic examination was 6.4 (3 to 11.5) months. The spherical equivalent was +1.34 D (-1.75 to +5.75), 2.2 percent presented anisometropia > 1D (95 percent CI, -0.82 to 5.26). 3.3 percent (95 percent CI, -0.38 to 7.04) were in need of glasses according to international recommendations and 4 percent (95 percent CI, 0.16 to 7.84) had strabismus. Conclusions: The low prevalence of risk factors for amblyopia detected in this population compared with that reported for premature infants with severe RQP could be explained by the low prevalence of the latter in this study.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Retinopathy of Prematurity/epidemiology , Vision Screening , Anisometropia/epidemiology , Refractive Errors/epidemiology , Strabismus/epidemiology , Infant, Premature , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies
4.
Iranian Journal of Ophthalmology. 2008; 20 (3): 3-9
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-87167

ABSTRACT

To determine the prevalence of refractive condition and its risk factors among students in Mashhad. A total of 2510 students representing a cross-sectional of the population of Mashhad were sampled using random cluster sampling strategy. Primary and middle school students underwent cycloplegic refraction. The refractive errors of high school students were measured using non-cycloplegic autorefraction. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent [SE] of -0.5 diopter [D] or more, and hyperopia was defined as SE of +0.5 diopter [D] or more, and astigmatism of 0.75 cylinder diopter or greater. Examination was carried out in the school using standardized testing protocols. 2150 students [group 1: 1163 primary and middle school, group 2: 947 high school students and 13 missed data] participated. The prevalence of refractive errors in the 1st group was: myopia=2.4%, hyperopia=87.9%, astigmatism=9.8% and anisometropia=3.0% [SE difference at least 1.00 D], and in the 2nd group myopia=24.1%, hyperopia=8.4%, astigmatism=11.8% and anisometropia=5.6%. There was significant difference in refractive errors between girls and boys [P<0.001]. In primary and middle school prevalence of myopia increased with age [OR=1.3 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.7 and P=0.013]. The prevalence of refractive errors among students in Mashhad is high. Effective detection and treatment of these refractive errors is expected to reduce the incidence of amblyopia and strabismus and also can prevent substantive effects on academic performance


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Refractive Errors/prevention & control , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Students , Schools , Hyperopia/epidemiology , Astigmatism/epidemiology , Myopia/epidemiology , Anisometropia/epidemiology , Child
5.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 68(1): 75-77, jan.-fev. 2005. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-396358

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Realizar um estudo epidemiológico em estudantes de Natal/Brasil, com relação à anisometropia refracional, avaliando os seguintes critérios: sexo, idade e associação com estrabismo e ambliopia. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 1.024 estudantes, randomicamente selecionados, pertencentes aos diversos distritos da cidade de Natal/Brasil, pelo Departamento de Oftalmologia, da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), observando os seguintes aspectos, quanto à anisometropia > 2 dioptrias esférica ou cilíndrica, sexo, idade, associação com estrabismo e ambliopia, e os tipos de anisometropia. RESULTADOS: Encontrou-se prevalência de anisometropia de 2 por cento (N=21) nos estudantes. O sexo feminino predominou com 81 por cento (N=17). Nos estudantes com anisometropia, observou-se associação com estrabismo em 9,5 por cento (N=2), ambos com exotropia. A associação de anisometropia com ambliopia ocorreu em 47,6 por cento (N=10), sendo 8 casos com ambliopia unilateral e 2 casos com ambliopia bilateral. CONCLUSAO: Houve predominância de anisometropia no sexo feminino; e aumento da prevalência de estrabismo e de ambliopia em estudantes com anisometropia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Amblyopia , Anisometropia/epidemiology , Strabismus , Students , Brazil/epidemiology
6.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 58(1): 5-9, fev. 1995. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-148519

ABSTRACT

Background: diversos métodos säo empregados para reconhecer e triar crianças menores de 3 anos de idade que apresentam fatores causadores de ambliopia e, entre eles encontra-se a fotorefraçäo. Assim como a fotorefraçäo a retinoscopia a dois metros fornece uma alternativa viável para a avaliaçäo da simetria dos reflexos de fundo de olho, com a vantagem de ser um método pouco dispendioso, rápido e facilmente aplicável por um examinador sem experiência prévia em retinocospia. Objetivos: visando avaliar este método, efetuamos um estudo em crianças de 6 a 36 meses de idade, frequentadoras de creches do município de Curitiba. De uma populaçäo de 1445 crianças avaliadas pela retinoscopia a dois metros, 263 crianças foram sorteadas para serem examinadas por um oftalmologista que procurou definir as crianças portadoras de fatores causadores de ambliopia. Os resultados dos dois exames foram comparados através de métodos estatísticos. Resultados: das 50 crianças triadas positivas pelo método da retinoscopia a 2 metros, 40 apresentaram defeitos compatíveis com o aparecimento de ambliopia. As outras crianças foram consideradas falso-positivas. Apenas 3 crianças declaradas livres de alteraçöes no exame de retinoscopia a 2 metros apresentaram anormalidades ao exame oftalmológico. A sensibilidade e especificidade do exame foram, respectivamente, 80 e98 por cento. Conclusöes: o exame de retinoscopia a 2 metros demonstrou, em teste realizado com grande número de crianças, ser um instrumento eficaz no combate a causas de ambliopia em crianças entre 6 e 36 meses, principalmente as de origem refracional e em especial a anisometropia


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Amblyopia/etiology , Anisometropia/epidemiology , Astigmatism/epidemiology , Blindness/prevention & control , Refractive Errors/epidemiology , Corneal Opacity/epidemiology , Vision Tests
7.
Indian Pediatr ; 1994 Oct; 31(10): 1183-6
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-9480

ABSTRACT

Fifty preterm neonates were followed up at the age of 6 months and 1 year. In addition to developmental assessment, a complete ophthalmological examination was done on both visits. The largest (62%) gestational age group was of 34-36 weeks. At 6 months, none of the infants had normal vision. At 1 year of age, 64% of the babies had normal vision while incidence of myopia and hypermetropia was 16% and 20%, respectively. There was an inverse relationship noted between gestation and incidence of refractive errors. It was also noted that with decreasing weight, the incidence of myopia increased. Myopia was seen exclusively among infants of birth weight of 2000 g or less. Birth weight had a significant positive correlation with astigmatism. No correlation of asphyxia with refractive errors was observed. It is recommended that all preterm babies should have an ophthalmological examination at one year of age with follow up later on.


Subject(s)
Anisometropia/epidemiology , Asphyxia Neonatorum/epidemiology , Astigmatism/epidemiology , Birth Weight , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Gestational Age , Humans , Hyperopia/epidemiology , Incidence , India/epidemiology , Infant , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature , Male , Myopia/epidemiology , Refractive Errors/epidemiology , Vision, Ocular/physiology
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