Utilización de los medios de comunicación y actitudes frente a las pantallas en niños de 36-72 meses: estudio descriptivo transversal / Media use and attitudes towards screens in children aged 36-72 months; a cross-sectional, descriptive study

Introducción. La edad en que los niños son introducidos a los dispositivos de comunicación es cada vez más temprana. Las investigaciones sobre los hábitos relacionados con ellos, en niños pequeños, son importantes. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir los hábitos sobre el uso de dispositivos mediáticos (edad de comienzo, tiempo frente a las pantallas, preferencias populares) de niños preescolares y explorar la relación con las características familiares. Población y métodos. Estudio descriptivo transversal: Los padres de niños de 36-72 meses que asistían a los centros de cuidado infantil en Kayseri, una ciudad central de Anatolia, Turquía, completaron un cuestionario sobre los hábitos familiares y de los niños, relacionados con los medios de comunicación. Resultados. Se incluyeron 858 cuestionarios. El 28 % de los niños utilizaban pantallas por más de 2 h/día; el 36 % fueron introducidos a los dispositivos de comunicación antes de los 2 años de edad. La televisión fue el dispositivo más usado (95 %), y los dibujos animados, el programa elegido en el 86,7 %. Los hijos de padres con educación superior tuvieron menos tiempo de pantallas frente a la televisión, la computadora o el teléfono móvil (p = 0,012; p = 0,007; p <0,01 para la madre y p = 0,049; p = 0,032; p = 0,04 para el padre respectivamente). La introducción de libros en los primeros 6 meses de edad se asoció con menor tiempo diario frente a las pantallas (p = 0,011; p = 0,009; p = 0,002 para televisión, computadora y teléfono móvil, respectivamente). El tiempo de los padres frente a la televisión se correlacionó positivamente con el de los niños (p <0,05; r: 0,354). Conclusión. El nivel de educación de los padres, el tiempo que ellos dedican a las pantallas y la introducción de libros en etapas tempranas se relacionaron con los hábitos de los niños frente a los dispositivos mediáticos. Se necesitan estudios amplios para explicar esta relación con mayor claridad.

Introduction: The age at which children are introduced to media devices is becoming increasingly earlier. Studies regarding the media habits of young children have gained importance. The aim of the study was to describe the screen media habits (age of introduction media, time spend with screen, popular choices) of preschool children and to explore their relationship with household characteristics. Population and methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study; the parents of children aged 36-72 months who attended childcare centers in Kayseri, a central Anatolian city in Türkiye, completed a questionnaire on media habits of families and children. Results: There were 858 questionaires included. The proportion of children using screen media more than 2 h/day was 28%; 36% of children were introduced to media devices before the age of two. The most frequently used media tool was television (95%) and the program watched was cartoons for TV (86.7%). Children of highly educated parents had shorter TV, computer and smartphone screen time (p = 0.012, p = 0.007, p <0.01 for mother and p = 0.049, p = 0.032, p = 0.04 for father respectively). Introducing books in the first 6 months was associated with shorter daily screen time (p = 0.011, p = 0.009, p = 0.002 for TV, computer and smartphone ,respectively). Parent's time spent on TV was positively correlated with children's time spent on TV (p <0.05, r = 0.354). Conclusion: Parents' education levels, parents' screen time and introducing book in early age was related to children's media habits. Comprehensive studies are needed to explain this relationship more clearly.

Investigation of environmental ethics, spiritual health, and its relationship with environmental protection behaviors in nursing students / Investigación sobre ética ambiental, salud espiritual y su relación con comportamientos de protección ambiental en estudiantes de enfermería / Pesquisa sobre ética ambiental, saúde espiritual e sua relação com comportamentos de proteção ambiental em estudantes de enfermagem

Objective.To investigate the relationship between environmental ethics, spiritual health, and environmental behavior among nursing students . Methods. In this cross-sectional study, 200 iranian students from the Chabahar Nursing School were selected using a simple random sampling method. The data collection tool included a questionnaire on demographic information, knowledge, attitudes and behaviors towards the environment, environmental ethics, and spiritual health. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was utilized to evaluate the conceptual framework in this study. Results. The mean score for environmental ethics among nursing students was 65.73±10.61 out of 100. Most of the students (47%) had desirable environmental ethics. The knowledge structure (ß=0.46) predicted attitude. The attitude structure also predicted environmental behavior (ß=0.28) and spiritual health (ß=0.31). Ultimately, the results showed that spiritual health and environmental ethics predict environmental behavior directly and indirectly (p<0.001). Conclusion. Spiritual health and environmental ethics were strong predictors of environmental behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account not only students' spiritual health but also their ethical behaviors to promote environmental protection behaviors in the future.

Objetivo. Investigar la relación entre la ética ambiental, la salud espiritual y el comportamiento ambiental entre los estudiantes de enfermería. Métodos. En este estudio transversal se seleccionaron 200 estudiantes iraníes de la Escuela de Enfermería de Chabahar mediante un método de muestreo aleatorio simple. La herramienta de recogida de datos incluía un cuestionario sobre información demográfica, conocimientos, actitudes y comportamientos hacia el medio ambiente, ética medioambiental y salud espiritual. Se utilizó el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales por mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS-SEM) para evaluar el marco conceptual de este estudio. Resultados. La puntuación media en ética medioambiental entre los estudiantes de enfermería fue de 65.73±10.61 sobre 100. El 47% de los estudiantes tenían una ética medioambiental deseable. La estructura de conocimientos (0.46) predijo la actitud. La estructura de la actitud también predijo el comportamiento medioambiental (0.28) y la salud espiritual (0.31). En última instancia, los resultados mostraron que la salud espiritual y la ética medioambiental predicen el comportamiento medioambiental directa e indirectamente (p<0.001). Conclusión. La salud espiritual y la ética medioambiental fueron fuertes predictores del comportamiento medioambiental. Por lo tanto, es necesario tener en cuenta no sólo la salud espiritual de los estudiantes, sino también sus comportamientos éticos para promover conductas de protección del medio ambiente en el futuro.

Objetivo. Investigar a relação entre ética ambiental, saúde espiritual e comportamento ambiental entre estudantes de enfermagem. Métodos. Neste estudo transversal, 200 estudantes da Escola de Enfermagem de Chabahar (Irã) foram selecionados usando um método de amostragem aleatória simples. A ferramenta de coleta de dados incluiu um questionário sobre informações demográficas, conhecimento, atitudes e comportamentos em relação ao meio ambiente, ética ambiental e saúde espiritual. A modelagem de equações estruturais por mínimos quadrados parciais (PLS-SEM) foi usada para avaliar a estrutura conceitual deste estudo. Resultados. A pontuação média sobre ética ambiental entre os estudantes de enfermagem foi de 65.73±10.61 de um total de 100. 47% dos estudantes tinham uma ética ambiental desejável. A estrutura de conhecimento (0.46) previu a atitude. A estrutura da atitude também previu o comportamento ambiental (0.28) e a saúde espiritual (0.31). Por fim, os resultados mostraram que a saúde espiritual e a ética ambiental previram o comportamento ambiental direta e indiretamente (p<0.001). Conclusão. A saúde espiritual e a ética ambiental foram fortes preditores do comportamento ambiental. Portanto, é necessário considerar não apenas a saúde espiritual dos alunos, mas também seus comportamentos éticos, a fim de promover comportamentos de proteção ambiental no futuro.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices in colorectal cancer screening in the Philippines

Background and Objective@#Colorectal cancer (CRC) has the third highest incidence in the Philippines. Currently, there is a paucity in literature that is focused on the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of Filipinos regarding CRC screening. This is the first study in the Philippines that describes this. @*Methods@#This is a cross-sectional study that validated a 52-item Filipino questionnaire on the knowledge on colorectal cancer, willingness to undergo CRC screening, and perceived benefits and barriers to fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and colonoscopy. The study enrolled household heads more than 20 years of age residing in both urban and rural communities in the Philippines. @*Results@#The UP-PGH CRC KAP (University of the Philippines – Philippine General Hospital Colorectal Cancer Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices) and Rawl Questionnaire’s validity and internal consistency were established in a pilot study of 30 respondents. A total of 288 respondents were then enrolled to the main study group with a median age of 54.0. Knowledge scores for prognosis and utility of CRC screening were modest (6.3/12 and 8.4/20, respectively). Perceived benefit scores to FOBT and colonoscopy were high (9.9/12 and 13.9/16, respectively).Median scores to barriers to FOBT and colonoscopy were intermediate (22.5/36 and 35.8/60, respectively). Notably, a vast majority (86.1%) were willing to participate in CRC screening programs initiated by the government, and 46.9% agreed to undergo screening tests even as out-of-pocket expense. @*Conclusion@#The UP-PGH CRC KAP Questionnaire as well as the Filipino translation of the Rawl Questionnaire are reliable and valid tools in extensively assessing the knowledge of Filipinos on CRC and willingness to undergo screening, as well as the benefits of and barriers to FOBT and colonoscopy. Knowledge scores were modest suggesting that directed educational campaigns and awareness programs can aid in increasing awareness about CRC and its screening. Household income and highest educational attainment were significantly positively correlated with knowledge scores, and perceived benefits of and barriers to CRC screening. Scores were generally comparable between urban and rural communities.

Enhancing gestational diabetes management in Filipino patients: Evaluating the impact of education on knowledge, attitude, and pregnancy outcomes at a Tertiary Medical Center

Introduction@#Patient education is integral in the management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a common pregnancy complication that may cause adverse perinatal outcomes. This study evaluated the effect of diabetes education on the knowledge and attitude among patients with GDM, comparing pre- vs post-diabetes session scores and determining pregnancy outcomes.@*Methodology@#A one-group pre-test and post-test experimental design study was conducted on 75 patients after one- session diabetes counseling using the Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Knowledge Questionnaire (GDMKQ) and the third version of the Diabetes Attitude Scale (DAS-3).@*Results@#Of the 75 subjects, 84% exhibited adequate knowledge of diabetes. Post-education, a significant increase in the total scores was seen among those less than 35 years of age (p-value: 0.003), both employed and unemployed (p-value: 0.0.026, 0.047, respectively), with a secondary level of education (p-value: 0.014) and multigravid (p-value: 0.015). An overall median positive attitude score of 3.6 was documented. For neonatal outcomes, no adverse events existed. For maternal outcomes, 17.9% had elevated fasting blood glucose while 7.1% had elevated 2-hour post-glucose tolerance test.@*Conclusion@#Diabetes education improves patient’s knowledge but not their attitude. Hence, improvement in attitude interventions should be incorporated into the current diabetes education program.

Preferences of Medical Technology Students on COVID-19 Personal preventive behaviors and university safety protocols: A conjoint analysis

@#The increase in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases in the Philippines has created an alarming issue in high-density public places, such as schools and universities. Personal preventive behaviors that the students exercise play a big part in whether such behaviors prevent or only predispose them even more to contracting the virus. Several factors may influence the personal preventive behaviors of an individual. These include attitude, awareness, personal beliefs, and culture concerning the disease. Through outlining these several factors, the researchers aim to identify the main attributes that determine students’ preferred COVID-19 personal preventive behavior and implemented precautionary measures. The researchers used a two-part survey: socioeconomic and demographic followed by an orthogonal plan. The safety protocols implemented by the university were found to be the most important factor, followed by knowledge about the disease, communication channels, attitude, and social construct of the family. Thus, this follows that based on the attribute’s importance value, the students prefer safety protocols that are most implemented by the university while social construct of the family is the least preferred. These findings suggest that the safety protocols implemented by the university are the most important factor, hence, policy implementation and strengthening should be observed by the university.

Effectiveness of child-rearing information booklet among adolescent mothers: A quasi-experimental non-equivalent pre-test-post-test control group study

Background@#Child-rearing is challenging for adolescent mothers at risk of providing limited care to their children because of the challenges and demands of simultaneously being an adolescent and a mother. Children aged 0-2 years depend on caregivers like their young mothers to promote their physical, emotional, social, and cognitive growth and development.@*Objective@#The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the Child-rearing Information Booklet (CRIB) among adolescent mothers with children aged 0-2 years on the three dimensions of knowledge, attitude, and practices.@*Methods@#The study utilized the quasi-experimental non-equivalent pre-test-post-test control group design to investigate 30 intervention and 30 comparison adolescent mothers with children aged 0-2 years who met the study criteria in Baguio City from January 2019 to January 2021. The fishbowl sampling technique was used in selecting the population and the specific barangays. A validated self-made questionnaire (I-CVI of 0.95 with Cronbach's α of 0.96) determined both groups' knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP). The study used the weighted mean for adolescent mothers' KAP while an independent sample t-test analyzed the significant change in the scores of both groups and to answer the significant difference in the pre- and post-test scores between the two groups.@*Results@#The results revealed that both groups are knowledgeable about child-rearing skills. Both groups have a favorable attitude when caring for their children and have a very satisfactory practice in childcare. The study also yielded a significant difference in the change of scores in the pre-and post-test scores of the two groups, specifically in knowledge and practice, while no significant difference in their attitude. It also presented a significant difference in the post-test scores between the two groups along with their knowledge (large effect size), attitude (medium effect size), and practices (large effect size).@*Conclusions@#Adolescent mothers have pre-existing KAP in child-rearing. The CRIB effectively enhances adolescent mothers' child-rearing knowledge and practice. Also, the increase of scores in KAP in child-rearing during the posttest may not be solely caused by the CRIB but also influenced by their age, level of education, living environment, experience in child-rearing, and age of their child. The CRIB has a high practical significance in improving the knowledge and practices among adolescent mothers but not in their attitude.

Attitudes and perceptions about ageism among nursing students: a scoping review / Actitudes y percepciones sobre edadismo entre los estudiantes de enfermería: una revisión de alcance / Atitudes e percepções sobre idadismo em estudantes de enfermagem: revisão de escopo

Objective: to map scientific knowledge on nursing students' attitudes and perceptions regarding ageism. Method: scoping review according to the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute. The study question was: What are scientific evidence available on the attitudes and perceptions of nursing students regarding ageism? The search was conducted in 12 databases using the Rayyan application and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. The studies were selected by two reviewers using a data extraction tool. Results: of the 4,595 files, 46 that were published between 1984 and 2022 were selected, and the quantitative method was the most used. The most commonly used instrument was the Kogan's Attitudes Toward Old People Scale. Positive, negative, mixed, neutral, and inconclusive attitudes and perceptions were identified. Conclusion: attitudes and perceptions about ageism are diverse and not conclusive. Future intervention studies are recommended to detect changes in the behavior of nursing students in the face of ageism.

Objetivo: mapear el conocimiento científico sobre las actitudes y percepciones de los estudiantes de enfermería respecto al edadismo. Método: La pregunta del estudio fue: ¿Qué evidencia científica está disponible sobre las actitudes y percepciones de los estudiantes de enfermería respecto al edadismo? La búsqueda se realizó en 12 bases de datos utilizando la aplicación Rayyan y la Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews . Los estudios fueron seleccionados por dos revisores mediante una herramienta de extracción de datos. Resultados: de los 4.595 artículos, se seleccionaron 46 publicados entre 1984 y 2022, siendo el método cuantitativo el más utilizado. La herramienta más utilizada fue el Kogan's Attitudes Toward Old People Scale . Se identificaron actitudes y percepciones positivas, negativas, mixtas, neutras y no concluyentes. Conclusión: las actitudes y percepciones sobre la discriminación por edad son diversas y no concluyentes. Se recomiendan futuros estudios de intervención para detectar cambios en el comportamiento de los estudiantes de enfermería ante el edadismo.

Objetivo: mapear o conhecimento científico sobre as atitudes e percepções dos estudantes de enfermagem em relação ao idadismo. Método: revisão de escopo segundo as recomendações do Joanna Briggs Institute . A pergunta de estudo foi: Quais são as evidências científicas disponíveis sobre as atitudes e percepções dos estudantes de enfermagem no que diz respeito ao idadismo? A busca foi realizada em 12 bases de dados utilizando o aplicativo Rayyan e o Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews . Realizou-se a seleção dos estudos por dois revisores, com uso de um instrumento para a extração dos dados. Resultados: dos 4.595 arquivos, selecionaram-se 46 publicados entre 1984 e 2022, sendo que a maioria utilizou o método quantitativo. O instrumento mais utilizado foi o Kogan's Attitudes Toward Old People Scale e os estudos mostraram que os estudantes apresentaram atitudes e percepções positivas, negativas, mistas, neutras e não conclusivas. Conclusão: as atitudes e percepções sobre idadismo são diversificadas e não conclusivas. Recomenda-se estudos futuros de intervenção para detecção de mudanças de comportamento dos estudantes de enfermagem frente ao idadismo.

Demandas e recursos para predição da síndrome de burnout em psicólogos clínicos / Demands and resources for burnout syndrome on clinical psychologists / Demandas y recursos para la predicción del síndrome de burnout en psicólogos clínicos

O modelo de demandas e recursos foi utilizado para identificar o poder preditivo do estilo pessoal do terapeuta e do trabalho emocional (demandas), e da inteligência emocional e autoeficácia profissional (recursos) sobre as dimensões da síndrome de Burnout (SB), em uma amostra de 240 psicólogos clínicos brasileiros. Os dados foram coletados por meio de plataforma online, tendo como instrumentos de pesquisa um Questionário de dados sociodemográficos e laborais, o Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo, o Cuestionario del Estilo Personal del Terapeut, o Questionário de Avaliação Relacionado a Demandas Emocionais e Dissonância da Regra da Emoção, Medida de Inteligência Emocional, e Escala de Autoeficácia Geral Percebida. Os resultados obtidos revelaram um modelo preditor das dimensões da SB, constituído pelas variáveis dissonância emocional, automotivação, demandas emocionais, instrução, envolvimento e autoeficácia. Ressalta-se a relevância de estratégias voltadas para a prevenção da SB nessa categoria profissional, bem como a necessidade de ações que visem a promoção e o desenvolvimento da inteligência emocional e da autoeficácia como fortalecimento dos recursos emocionais para atuação na prática clínica.(AU)

The Model of Demands - Resources was used to identify the predictive power of therapist's personal style, emotional work (Demands), Emotional intelligence, and professional self-efficacy (Resources) over the Burnout syndrome dimensions in a sample of 240 Brazilian clinical psychologists. The data was collected by an on-line platform using a Labor and social demographic data questionnaire, a work Burnout Syndrome Evaluation questionnaire (CESQT - Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo), the short version of the Therapist Personal Style Questionnaire (EPT-C Cuestionario del Estilo Personal del Terapeuta), an Evaluation questionnaire related to emotional demands and emotion rule dissonance, and the Emotional Intelligence Measure (EIM) and Perceived General Self-Efficacy Scale (GPSS) as research instruments. Results showed a predictor model of Burnout syndrome constituted by the variables Emotional dissonance, Self-motivation, Emotional demands, Instruction, Involvement, and Self-efficacy. We emphasize the relevance of strategies to prevent Burnout Syndrome in this professional category and the need for actions to promote and develop emotional intelligence and self-efficacy as a strengthening factor of the emotional resources to work as a clinical psychologist.(AU)

Se utilizó el modelo demandas y recursos para identificar el poder predictivo del estilo personal del terapeuta y del trabajo emocional (demandas), y de la inteligencia emocional y autoeficacia profesional (recursos) sobre las dimensiones del síndrome de Burnout (SB), en una muestra de 240 psicólogos clínicos brasileños. Los datos se recolectaron de una plataforma en línea, utilizando como instrumentos de investigación un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos y laborales, el Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo, el Cuestionario del Estilo Personal del Terapeuta, el Cuestionario de Evaluación Relacionado con Demandas Emocionales y Disonancia de la Regla de la Emoción, la Medida de Inteligencia Emocional y Escala de Autoeficacia General Percibida. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron un modelo predictor de las dimensiones de SB, constituido por las variables disonancia emocional, automotivación, exigencias emocionales, instrucción, implicación y autoeficacia. Se destaca la relevancia de las estrategias dirigidas a la prevención del SB en esta categoría profesional, así como la necesidad de acciones dirigidas a promover y desarrollar la inteligencia emocional y la autoeficacia como fortalecimiento de los recursos emocionales para trabajar en la práctica clínica.(AU)

Actitudes de los psicólogos costarricenses hacia la aplicación de la psicología en la consulta odontológica / Attitudes of Costa Rican Psychologists Towards the Application of Psychology During the Dentistry Consultation

Resumen Estudio exploratorio-descriptivo sobre un grupo de profesionales costarricenses en psicología acerca de sus actitudes hacia la aplicación de los principios psicológicos en la práctica odontológica. La muestra fue de 377 psicólogos (activos en el Colegio de Profesionales en Psicología de Costa Rica). A partir del cuestionario original diseñado por Gómez y Gómez (2007), el cual fue construido para estimar la necesidad de conformar programas universitarios que integren la psicología y la odontología, se aplicó una adaptación consistente en una encuesta de 10 preguntas autoadministradas de selección simple, la cual se efectuó en línea a través del sistema QuestionPro®. Se pudo evidenciar que existe una actitud positiva ante el enfoque interdisciplinario entre la Odontología y la Psicología; se demostró que un 74% de la muestra sostiene que los aspectos psicosociales son "Bastante importantes" en el marco de la atención odontológica. A pesar de ello, la mayoría (57%) de las personas consultadas indicó que no ha tenido ocasión de aplicar sus conocimientos y experiencia en psicología al contexto odontológico. Asimismo, un 72% de los participantes considera "Bastante importante" que los profesionales en Odontología reciban capacitación básica en el área psicológica para la prevención o contención de ciertos síntomas que puedan incidir en la salud mental. Por otra parte, el 80% de quienes respondieron la encuesta indicaron que las iniciativas interdisciplinarias de colaboración científica (investigación) y aplicada (ejercicio profesional) son "Bastante importantes" para producir beneficios tangibles en la prestación de servicios integrales a los pacientes y el bienestar del personal sanitario.

Abstract Exploratory-descriptive study on a group of Costa Rican professionals in psychology about their attitudes towards the application of psychological principles in dental practice. The sample consisted of 377 psychologists (active in the Association of Psychology Professionals of Costa Rica). From the original questionnaire designed by Gómez and Gómez (2007), which was built to estimate the need to create university programs that integrate psychology and dentistry, an adaptation consisting of a survey of 10 self-administered questions of simple selection was applied, which was carried out online through the QuestionPro® system. It was possible to show that there is a positive attitude towards the interdisciplinary approach between Dentistry and Psychology; it was shown that 74% of the sample maintains that psychosocial aspects are "Quite important" in the context of dental care. Despite this, the majority (57%) of the people consulted indicated that they had not had the opportunity to apply their knowledge and experience as psychologists to the dental context. Likewise, 72% of the participants consider it "Quite important" that dental professionals receive basic training in the psychological area for the prevention or containment of certain symptoms that may affect mental health. On the other hand, 80% of the survey respondents indicated that interdisciplinary initiatives of professional scientific (research) and applied (practice) collaboration are "Quite important" to produce tangible benefits in the provision of comprehensive services to patients and wellbeing of health personnel.

Mujeres andinas: actitudes en el uso de plantas para el tratamiento de eventos ginecológicos / Andean women: Attitudes towards the use of plants for the treatment of gynecological Events

Introducción: Las enfermedades a menudo constituyen alteraciones fisiológicas que requieren acciones inminentes según su gravedad, ante ello, las mujeres andinas ponen en práctica sus conocimientos y actitudes ancestrales a fin de resolverlas, por ser el medio más inmediato. Objetivo: Interpretar las actitudes en el uso de plantas para el tratamiento de algunos eventos ginecológicos, de las mujeres andinas procedentes de la provincia de Hualgayoc, Perú. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cualitativo, exploratorio, de diseño fenomenológico ­ hermenéutico, desarrollado con 16 mujeres andinas, mediante una entrevista semiestructurada, en base a una guía de entrevista con validez de contenido óptima. Los resultados emergieron a partir de la codificación abierta, axial y selectiva y se presentan organizados en subcategorías y categorías. Resultados: Las categorías obtenidas fueron las actitudes favorables hacia la utilización de plantas y las situaciones ginecológicas para su uso, entre las subcategorías están: complacencia por los efectos alcanzados, seguridad para continuar usándolas, aptitud para aconsejar su uso, saberes sobre sus acciones terapéuticas, eventos para su utilización y formas de preparación de las plantas. Discusión: Diversos estudios internacionales convergen en actitudes similares, que se manifiestan en una mayor confianza en la medicina tradicional, conductas favorables de aceptación, convicción en sus efectos, proyección anímica de mejora y disposición para continuar con su uso. Conclusión: Las mujeres mostraron su satisfacción por los resultados obtenidos con el uso de plantas medicinales, al ser beneficiosas, oriundas de su zona y no generar gasto, su uso frecuente fue para paliar dolores durante la menstruación, infecciones de la vagina y trabajo de parto

Introduction: Diseases often represent physiological changes that require immediate action depending on the severity. Faced with these changes, Andean women put into practice their ancestral knowledge and attitudes to find a solution, as they are the most immediate means at their disposal. Objective: To interpret the attitudes of Andean women in the province of Hualgayoc, Peru, towards using plants for treating some gynecological events. Materials and Methods: A qualitative, exploratory, hermeneutic phenomenological design study was conducted with 16 Andean women through a semi-structured interview based on an interview guide with optimal content validity. The results emerged from open, axial, and selective coding and were organized into subcategories and categories. Results: The categories obtained were favorable attitudes towards using plants and gynecological situations for using plants. The subcategories include satisfaction with the results achieved, safety to continue using plants, aptitude to advise on the use of plants, knowledge of plant's therapeutic effects, events for using plants, and methods of preparing them. Discussion: Several international studies converge on similar attitudes, manifested in greater trust in traditional medicine, favorable acceptance behavior, belief in its effects, a mental projection of getting well, and willingness to continue its use. Conclusion: The women were satisfied with the results obtained from the use of medicinal plants because they were beneficial, indigenous to their region, and did not involve any expense. The frequent use of plants was to alleviate pain during menstruation, vaginal infections, and labor.

Introdução: As doenças frequentemente constituem alterações fisiológicas que requerem ações iminentes de acordo com sua gravidade, diante disso, as mulheres andinas colocam em prática seus conhecimentos e atitudes ancestrais para resolvê-las, pois este é o meio mais imediato. Objetivo: Interpretar as atitudes das mulheres andinas da província de Hualgayoc, Peru, em relação ao uso de plantas para o tratamento de alguns eventos ginecológicos. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo qualitativo, exploratório, fenomenológico-hermenêutico, desenvolvido com 16 mulheres andinas, por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada, baseada em um guia de entrevista com validade de conteúdo ideal. Os resultados emergiram de uma codificação aberta, axial e seletiva e são apresentados organizados em subcategorias e categorias. Resultados: As categorias obtidas foram atitudes favoráveis ao uso de plantas e situações ginecológicas para seu uso, entre as subcategorias estão: satisfação com os efeitos alcançados, segurança para continuar usando-as, aptidão para aconselhar seu uso, conhecimento sobre suas ações terapêuticas, eventos para seu uso e formas de preparar as plantas. Discussão: Vários estudos internacionais convergem em atitudes semelhantes, que se manifestam em uma maior confiança na medicina tradicional, comportamentos favoráveis de aceitação, convicção em seus efeitos, projeção de melhoria do humor e disposição para continuar com seu uso. Conclusão: As mulheres ficaram satisfeitas com os resultados obtidos com o uso de plantas medicinais, pois elas são benéficas, nativas de sua área e não geram gastos; seu uso frequente foi para aliviar a dor durante a menstruação, infecções vaginais e parto.

Percepción de los estudiantes sobre el consumo de drogas psicoactivas en su universidad / Perception of Students Regarding Psychoactive Drug Use at Their University / Percepção de estudantes sobre o consumo de drogas psicoativas na universidade

entre los jóvenes universitarios se ha observado una tolerancia creciente hacia el consumo de drogas, debido ­entre otros factores­ a una reducción en la percepción de riesgo, que puede con-tribuir a la normalización del consumo. El objetivo fue analizar la percepción de los estudiantes de unauniversidad pública mexicana sobre la situación y la gravedad del consumo de drogas en su institución mediante diversos indicadores. Materiales y métodos: se analizó la base de datos derivada de la aplica-ción del Cuestionario sobre Consumo de Drogas en Estudiantes Universitarios (codeu-3), en el que partici-paron 19 815 estudiantes; se realizaron comparaciones según sexo y área académica utilizando pruebas de chi-cuadrado y el análisis post hoc de Bonferroni. Resultados: las mujeres indicaron tener una menor percepción de riesgo que los hombres sobre las variables analizadas (percepción de los participantes sobre el consumo de drogas en su facultad, venta y gravedad del consumo de drogas, según sexo y área académica y conductas de docentes y estudiantes que facilitan el consumo de alcohol y la postura de las autoridades universitarias ante estudiantes consumidores, según sexo y área académica). Conclusión: los resultados muestran diferencias en la percepción de hombres y mujeres, así como las diferencias asociadas con la adscripción de los estudiantes en las distintas áreas académicas, por lo que se sugiere profundizar el estudio de estos aspectos.

There is a growing tolerance toward drug use among university students due to a reduction in the perception of risk, which is considered as those judgments or intuitions held regarding the danger of a situation that can contribute to the normalization of consumption. This study aimed to analyze the perception of the students at a Mexican public university toward the situation and seriousness of drug use in the university using various indicators. Materials and methods: The database derived from the application of the Questionnaire on Drug Use in University Students (codeu-2 by its name in Spanish), in which 19,815 students from a Mexican public university participated, was analyzed, and comparisons were made according to gender and academic area using chi-squared tests and Bonferroni's post hocanalysis. Results: Women were reported to have a lower perception of risk than men on the variables analyzed (participants' perception of drug use in their faculty, sale and severity of drug use, according to gender and academic area, and behaviors of teachers and students that facilitate alcohol use and the position of university authorities towards student consumers, according to gender and academic area). Conclusion: The results indicated the importance of studying in greater depth the differences in the perception of men and women, as well as their affiliation in the different academic areas.

tem-se observado entre os jovens universitários uma crescente tolerância ao uso de dro-gas, devido à redução da percepção de risco, que é considerada como aqueles julgamentos ou intuições que se fazem sobre o perigo de uma situação, o que pode contribuir para a normalização do consumo. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a percepção dos estudantes de uma universidade pública mexicana sobre a situação e a gravidade do uso de drogas em sua instituição por meio de vários indicadores. Materiais e métodos: analisou-se a base de dados derivada da aplicação do Questionário de Uso de Drogas em Estudantes Universitários (codeu-2), do qual participaram 19,815 estudantes; as comparações foram feitas de acordo com o gênero e a área acadêmica por meio de testes de qui-quadrado e análise post hoc de Bonferroni. Resultados: as mulheres relataram menor percepção de risco do que os homens nas variáveis analisadas (percepção dos participantes sobre o uso de drogas na faculdade, venda e gravidade do uso de drogas, por gênero e área acadêmica, e comportamentos de professores e alunos que facilitam o consumo de álcool e a atitude das autoridades universitárias perante estudantes consumidores, de acordo com o gênero e área acadêmica). Conclusão: os resultados mostram diferenças na percepção de homens e mulheres, bem como as diferenças associadas à inserção dos alunos nas diferentes áreas acadêmicas, para o que se sugere aprofundar o estudo desses aspectos.

Use of contraceptive methods in rural areas in Cote d'Ivoire: a cross-sectional study

Patients and methods: This cross-sectional survey took place in May, 2018 in Kodjokro, a village in the south-east of Côte d'Ivoire. The study population consisted of women of reproductive age, from 15 to 49 years old. A questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic, gyneco-obstetrical characteristics, knowledge and attitudes and he use of contraceptive methods. The chi-square test was used to measure the associations between the use of contraceptive methods and each of the characteristics studied

Midwives' perceptions of and attitudes towards prevention of mother-to-child-transmission of HIV

Background: Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV services has become an integral part of antenatal services. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission was introduced in all the regions of Ghana, but mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) continued to increase. Objectives: To explore and describe midwives' perceptions and attitudes towards PMTCT of HIV services. Method: Quantitative research approach and descriptive cross-sectional design were used. The population includes all midwives between the ages of 21 and 60 years who work in antenatal care (ANC) clinics in 11 district hospitals in the Central Region of Ghana where the study was conducted. Forty-eight midwives were interviewed using a census sample process. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21. Correlation analysis was performed to find the relationships between the attitudes and the perceptions of the midwives on PMTCT of HIV services. Results: Seventy percent of midwives had positive perceptions of PMTCT of HIV services and 85% had positive attitudes towards the provision of PMTCT of HIV services. Midwives were screening all pregnant women who visited the ANCs and referring those who tested positive to other institutions where they can be monitored. Some of the concerns considered were views on retesting HIV-infected pregnant women throughout their pregnancy. There was a positive correlation between attitudes and perceptions of midwives on PMTCT of HIV services. Conclusion: Midwives had positive perceptions and positive attitudes towards the PMTCT of HIV services that they were providing to antenatal attendees. Also, as the attitudes of the midwives towards PMTCT of HIV services improved, their perceptions of PMTCT services also improved. Contribution: Decentralisation of PMTCT of HIV services to community-based health facilities is appropriate to enable sub-district health facilities to test for HIV and provide counselling services to pregnant women.

Effects of COVID-19 fear and anxiety on attitudes towards complementary and alternative medicine use in women with gynecological cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE@#Patients with gynecological cancer commonly use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) methods to cope with the disease. However, despite the existence of treatment strategies, the effect of fear and anxiety caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on attitudes about CAM use is unclear. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of fear and anxiety experienced by patients with gynecological cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic on their attitudes towards the use of CAM.@*METHODS@#This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study that included 177 women with gynecological cancer; participants were recruited from a social networking site for cancer patients in Turkey between June and December 2021. Data were collected using an online survey that included the Personal Information Form, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, and the Attitude Towards Holistic Complementary and Alternative Medicine Scale. Descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson's correlation test, and simple linear and multiple regression analyses were performed to analyze the data.@*RESULTS@#During the pandemic, 55.4% of the participants reported using CAM methods, but only 22.6% were using CAM before the pandemic. The participants who used CAM during the pandemic also scored higher on the fear of COVID-19 and coronavirus anxiety scales (20.69 ± 5.37 and 13.09 ± 6.29, respectively) compared to the participants who did not use CAM (9.29 ± 2.72 and 6.35 ± 2.06, respectively). Fear of COVID-19 accounted for 52% of the CAM attitude score, while coronavirus anxiety accounted for 15% of the CAM attitude score. Fear of COVID-19 and coronavirus anxiety together accounted for 53% of CAM attitude.@*CONCLUSION@#Gynecological cancer patients with high levels of COVID-19-related anxiety and fear during the pandemic used CAM more. Given that the psychological effects of the pandemic will continue in the coming years, CAM use should be evaluated as a coping strategy, especially due to the COVID-19-related anxiety and fear experienced by patients with gynecological cancer. While the rational and effective CAM methods should be supported, strategies should be developed to prevent misuse of CAM and its interference in prescribed medical treatments. Please cite this article as: Uslu-Sahan F, Yesilcınar I, Kurt G, Hancer E, Guvenc G. Effects of COVID-19 fear and anxiety on attitudes towards complementary and alternative medicine use in women with gynecological cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Integr Med. 2023; 21(4): 377-384.

Attitudes and perceptions of Filipino clinicians and pathologists towards the autopsy as a medical tool

Background@#Globally, autopsy rates have been continually declining over the course of several years. Previous studies have shown that the perception of pathologists and clinicians may serve as significant factors which may affect the performance of autopsy and contribute to its decreased rate. This study was conducted to determine the attitudes and perceptions of Filipino clinicians and pathologists toward the autopsy as a medical tool.@*Methodology@#This is a cross-sectional descriptive survey of two groups of physicians. Forty-four (n = 44) pathologists nationwide and thirty-three (n = 33) clinicians from Central Visayas participated in the study. A total of seventy-seven (n = 77) physicians completed a survey using a standardized online questionnaire.@*Results@#Of the 77 respondents, 94% of clinicians and 75% of pathologists believed that autopsies could provide relevant findings that could change future clinical practice. Despite this, only 6% of clinicians and 20% of pathologists indicated that the number of autopsy cases in their institutions was sufficient. With regards to their practice, pathologists most strongly agreed (mean = 4.30) that material for medico-legal autopsies should be readily available for teaching and research. However, they most strongly disagreed (mean = 2.00) that residents receive adequate training in performing medico-legal autopsies. The two groups of physicians surveyed determined that there is a deficiency in the number of autopsy cases. This is further influenced by clinicians’ concerns about litigation, religious/superstitious beliefs, and the delay in releasing autopsy results. Furthermore, pathologists specified that performing autopsies was excessively time-consuming with an unjustifiable cost. Sixty-two percent of the pathologists signified more strongly than the clinicians that modern diagnostic techniques have diminished the need to perform hospital autopsies. Nonetheless, 86% of Filipino physicians acknowledged that the autopsy is an important medical tool that should be performed for patients with unknown diagnoses and unexpected death. The number of observed and/or performed autopsy cases was a major factor that affected the pathologists’ attitudes and perceptions toward autopsy.@*Conclusion@#In general, there is recognition of the autopsy’s usefulness as a medical tool among the pathologists and clinicians surveyed. However, the lack of cases referred for autopsy remains a challenge undermining the benefits that are derived from its performance.

Perceived knowledge, attitude and readiness to accept towards COVID-19 vaccine among health care staffs in a tertiary government hospital

Introduction@#Fear and concern over vaccine safety are the most common reasons for vaccine hesitancy. During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare staff are among those at high risk of contracting the virus. They are also the public’s vital source of information and in providing trust regarding COVID-19 vaccines. This study was conducted to assess perception, attitude, and vaccination acceptance towards COVID-19 vaccines among healthcare staff at Eastern Visayas Regional Medical (EVMC).@*Objective@#To assess the perceived knowledge, attitude, and readiness to accept COVID-19 Vaccines among Eastern Visayas Regional Medical Center (EVMC) healthcare staff.@*Methods@#This analytic cross-sectional study included all medical and allied personnel employed at EVMC. Data were collected with signed consent through self-administration of a researcher-developed validated questionnaire, subsequently analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.@*Results@#About 634 participated, many belonged to the age group 30-39 years old (47.8%), mostly female (66.3%), single (50 %), and Roman Catholic (89.4%). Data showed no significant relationship between age, sex, marital status, religion, and the presence of chronic illness of the healthcare staff towards perceived knowledge, attitude, and readiness towards the COVID-19 vaccine. However, their clinical role was noted as significant towards their perceived knowledge and attitude (p-value = <.001). Overall, the healthcare staff response showed a moderate to high perceived knowledge and attitude about COVID-19 vaccine acceptance (p-value= <.001).@*Conclusions@#Notably, the clinical role of healthcare staff is significantly related to their perceived knowledge and attitude towards the COVID-19 vaccine. Moreover, they manifested moderate to high levels of perceived knowledge, attitude, and COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. These results may help address COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, thus strengthen vaccine confidence among the general population. Furthermore, it provides inputs to create strategies that will enhance vaccine literacy and acceptance, directly addressing the community’s concerns and misconceptions, particularly those vulnerable groups that may easily contract severe infection.

Relationship of awareness, knowledge, attitude and skills in telemedicine among resident physicians in a tertiary government hospital in Las Piñas City: A cross sectional study

Background@#During the COVID-19 pandemic, the advent of telemedicine was significantly utilized in providing continuous healthcare. Various studies showed that it is an effective way of health care delivery in any specialty cases such as in Pediatrics, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medicine and Surgery. Recently, there’s an increase in utilization of the Awareness, Knowledge, Attitude & Skills (AKAS) Surveys in health care research but there’s paucity of data regarding its use in telemedicine. @*Objective@#The main objective of this study was to assess the awareness, knowledge, attitude and skills regarding telemedicine and correlate it to the various demographics among the resident physicians. @*Methods@#This is an analytical cross-sectional study utilizing an adopted, validated and self-administered questionnaire. A total of 37 resident physicians from different specialties were included in the study. @*Results@#This study showed that the resident physicians have high awareness, knowledge and attitude but with average skills regarding telemedicine. This study also found out that there is a significant association between their awareness and year level, knowledge and computer & internet skills, attitude and residency specialty & formal training regarding telemedicine, skills and computer & internet skills and time of exposure to telemedicine. Lastly, there’s an association between the total AKAS scores and time of exposure to telemedicine. All of which have moderate degrees of association. @*Conclusions@#Telemedicine, although novel, is very important specially this time of pandemic. After knowing that there’s significant association between the AKAS scores of resident physicians, the conduct of telemedicine should be guided by these especially in terms of policy making. It is recommended to have formal skills training in conducting telemedicine to all the resident physicians. It is also recommended to have a better internet connection and updated computer specifications in line with the current guidelines to be able to effectively deliver health care through telemedicine.

Assessment of attitude and practices toward breaking the bad news among physicians in a national tertiary government hospital for infectious diseases from October 2020 to October 2021

Background@#Delivering bad news to patients is one of the most difficult tasks of physicians that play a big role in the process of treatment and cooperation of patients. Patients generally have the right to be informed of their condition, but the debate over the importance of the attitude of telling the truth is still an issue. @*Objective@#This study aimed to understand the attitude and practices toward breaking the bad news among physicians in a National Tertiary Government Hospital for infectious Diseases from October 2020 to October 2021.@*Methods@#This cross-sectional study was conducted at the San Lazaro Hospital from October 2020 to October 2021. A self-administered questionnaire was adapted to elicit information on physicians’ knowledge and practices about breaking bad news to patients and their families. Inclusion criteria included all the practicing physicians assigned in the clinical areas either full time or part time medical specialists, residents and fellows and hospitalist in San Lazaro Hospital. Physicians who were assigned in the non-clinical areas and did not see or handle patients and non-employees of the institution and who refused to sign the informed consent were excluded. Total Purposive Sampling was utilized. Data were gathered using a validated 3-part 34 item personally administered questionnaire and was presented in Descriptive Statistics Frequency distribution for the demographics, ANOVA, Linear regression analysis.@*Results@#A total of 100 participants was included and based on socio-demographic characteristics of respondents toward breaking the bad news. Majority of the respondents were aged 35 – 54 years old with 52 or 52%, female with 69 or 69%, were fellows with 41 or 41%, specialty was Family Medicine with 36 or 36%, and majority of the respondent’s qualification was GP with training with 46 or 46%. The study revealed that sex (t = -2.070, p = 0.042) had significant association to the attitude and practices toward breaking the bad news among practicing physicians at 0.05 level of significance. Thus, male respondents has had higher attitude and practices toward breaking the bad news as compare to female respondents. @*Conclusion@#According to the findings of this study, clinicians at San Lazaro Hospital demonstrated a good attitude and practice regarding breaking the bad news between October 2020 and October 2021. The researcher believed want to help their patients, and most of them have the necessary knowledge and skills for breaking bad news.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices on teledermatology among dermatologists in the Philippines

Background@#Teledermatology has been widely used during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to overcome barriers in access to care. The objective of this study was to assess the current knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding teledermatology among dermatologists in the Philippines.@*Materials and Methods@#This was a cross-sectional and analytical study conducted from January 2022 to April 2022, among Filipino dermatologists using a self-administered online questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the demographics of the participants. The two-sample t-test, Chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression model were used to analyze the data.@*Results@#Out of 113 respondents, 108 (95.5%) had adequate knowledge and a positive attitude toward teledermatology. The majority (110/113, 97.35%) practiced teledermatology. The most commonly used platform was instant messaging applications(78/100, 70.91%), and the most common factor that influenced their practice was patient demands or needs(74/110, 67.27%). Those who did not practice teledermatology cited technological difficulties as the main reason.@*Conclusion@#Teledermatology was widely used by Filipino dermatologists to provide remote care during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, to fully utilize its potential and limit potential issues associated with its use even after the pandemic, continuous training and education among dermatologists and a more enabling technological environment may be needed.

Lavagem cerebral: ciência, mito e pseudociência do controle psicológico / Lavado de cerebro: ciencia, mito y pseudociencia del control psicológico / Brainwashing: science, myth, and pseudoscience of psychological control

Resumo O interesse pela possibilidade de reconfigurar a mente humana foi recorrente na história da humanidade, sob diferentes formas aliadas principalmente à religião, à guerra e à política. Somente a partir de 1950, entretanto, é que psicólogos, psiquiatras e outros pesquisadores se dedicaram com maior profundidade ao tema, popularizado pelo termo genérico de lavagem cerebral. O objetivo deste artigo é revisar as bases teórico-conceituais e metodológicas desses esforços, assim como sua manifestação atualizada na psicologia social, quando se busca a modificação de atitudes, crenças e comportamentos. São analisados criticamente os usos da lavagem cerebral para gerar mudanças significativas por técnicas de pressões psicológicas e tortura física, os mitos de sua implementação e sua (ir)reversibilidade.

Resumen El interés por la posibilidad de reconfigurar la mente humana ha sido recurrente en la historia de la humanidad, en diferentes formas, principalmente aliadas a la religión, la guerra y la política. Sin embargo, sólo después de 1950, psicólogos, psiquiatras y otros investigadores se dedicaron con mayor profundidad al tema, popularizado por el término genérico de lavado de cerebro. El objetivo de este artículo es revisar las bases teórico-conceptuales y metodológicas de estos esfuerzos, así como su manifestación actualizada en la psicología social, cuando se busca modificar actitudes, creencias y conductas. Se analizan críticamente los usos del lavado de cerebro para generar cambios significativos a través de técnicas de presión psicológica y tortura física, los mitos de su implementación y su (ir)reversibilidad.

Abstract The interest in the possibility of reconfiguring the human mind has been recurrent in the history of humanity, in different forms, mainly allied to religion, war, and politics. Only after 1950, however, did psychologists, psychiatrists, and other researchers dedicate themselves in greater depth to the topic, popularized by the generic term brainwashing. The aim of this paper is to review the theoretical-conceptual and methodological bases of these efforts, as well as their updated manifestation in social psychology, when one seeks to modify attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. The uses of brainwashing to generate significant change through techniques of psychological pressure and physical torture, the myths of its implementation, and its (ir)reversibility, are critically analyzed.