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1.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 15(1): 34-39, Jan.-Mar. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-840287

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate whether the urine dipstick screening test can be used to predict urine culture results. Methods A retrospective study conducted between January and December 2014 based on data from 8,587 patients with a medical order for urine dipstick test, urine sediment analysis and urine culture. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were determined and ROC curve analysis was performed. Results The percentage of positive cultures was 17.5%. Nitrite had 28% sensitivity and 99% specificity, with positive and negative predictive values of 89% and 87%, respectively. Leukocyte esterase had 79% sensitivity and 84% specificity, with positive and negative predictive values of 51% and 95%, respectively. The combination of positive nitrite or positive leukocyte esterase tests had 85% sensitivity and 84% specificity, with positive and negative predictive values of 53% and 96%, respectively. Positive urinary sediment (more than ten leukocytes per microliter) had 92% sensitivity and 71% specificity, with positive and negative predictive values of 40% and 98%, respectively. The combination of nitrite positive test and positive urinary sediment had 82% sensitivity and 99% specificity, with positive and negative predictive values of 91% and 98%, respectively. The combination of nitrite or leukocyte esterase positive tests and positive urinary sediment had the highest sensitivity (94%) and specificity (84%), with positive and negative predictive values of 58% and 99%, respectively. Based on ROC curve analysis, the best indicator of positive urine culture was the combination of positives leukocyte esterase or nitrite tests and positive urinary sediment, followed by positives leukocyte and nitrite tests, positive urinary sediment alone, positive leukocyte esterase test alone, positive nitrite test alone and finally association of positives nitrite and urinary sediment (AUC: 0.845, 0.844, 0.817, 0.814, 0.635 and 0.626, respectively). Conclusion A negative urine culture can be predicted by negative dipstick test results. Therefore, this test may be a reliable predictor of negative urine culture.


RESUMO Objetivo Verificar se a triagem de urina por fitas reativas é capaz de predizer a cultura de urina. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo realizado entre janeiro e dezembro de 2014 com 8.587 pacientes, com solicitação médica de triagem de urina (fita), sedimento urinário e cultura de urina. Foram analisados sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo, valor preditivo negativo e curva ROC. Resultados Foram positivas 17,5% das culturas. O nitrito apresentou sensibilidade de 28% e especificidade de 99%. O valor preditivo positivo foi de 89% e o valor preditivo negativo de 87%. Esterase apresentou sensibilidade de 79% e especificidade de 84%. Valor preditivo positivo e valor preditivo negativo foram de 51% e 95%, respectivamente. A combinação de nitrito ou esterase positivos apresentou sensibilidade de 85% e especificidade de 84%. Valor preditivo positivo e valor preditivo negativo foram, respectivamente, 53% e 96%. O sedimento positivo (mais de dez leucócitos por microlitro) apresentou sensibilidade de 92% e especificidade de 71%. O valor preditivo positivo foi 40% e o negativo, 98%. A combinação de nitrito e sedimento urinário positivos apresentou sensibilidade de 82% e especificidade de 99%. Os valores preditivos positivo e negativo foram 91% e 98%, respectivamente. Para o nitrito ou esterase positivos mais os leucócitos positivos, a sensibilidade foi de 94% e a especificidade de 84%. O valor preditivo positivo foi de 58% e o negativo foi de 99%. Com base na curva ROC, o melhor indicador de urocultura positiva foi a associação entre a esterase ou nitrito positivos na fita mais os leucócitos positivos no sedimento, seguido por nitrito e esterase positivos, sedimento urinário positivo isolado, esterase positiva isolada, nitrito positivo isolado e, finalmente, pela associação entre nitrito e sedimento urinário positivos (AUC: 0,845, 0,844, 0,817, 0,814, 0,635 e 0,626, respectivamente). Conclusão Uma urocultura negativa pode ser prevista com resultados negativos na fita. Portanto, este teste pode ser um preditor confiável de urocultura negativa.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child, Preschool , Adult , Middle Aged , Bacteriuria/urine , Urinalysis/instrumentation , Urinalysis/methods , Reference Standards , Reference Values , Urinary Tract Infections/urine , Urine/microbiology , Colony Count, Microbial , Retrospective Studies , Analysis of Variance , Sensitivity and Specificity , Esterases/urine , Leukocytes , Nitrites/urine
2.
Managua; s.n; mar. 2010. 74 p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-592891

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo de corte transversal; en los pacientes con diagnóstico de lesión medular y vejiga neurogénica que presentaron bacteriuria asintomática durante su ingreso en el Hospital Aldo Chavarría, en el período comprendido del mes de agosto de 2008 al mes de diciembre de 2009, con el objetivo de describir los aspectos relacionados a su manejo conservador. El universo fue de 85 pacientes y la muestra estuvo conformada por 38, su selección fue de tipo no probabilístico por conveniencia.Entre los resultados más importantes se puede destacar: El mayor número de casos fue en el grupo de edad de 25-34 años con 31.6%, con predominio del sexo masculino con un 89.5% de pacientes. El 57.9% de pacientes se trataba de Lesión Medular ASIA A.El 68.4% de las personas estudiadas tuvo sondaje con duración mayor de 30 días antes de iniciar el cateterismo.El 100% de pacientes no presentó sintomatología clínica sugestiva de infección urinaria. Al 57.9% de los pacientes en estudio se le realizó Examen General de Orina (EGO) y Urocultivo. La bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae se aisló en 36.4% de casos y en igual proporción, el antibiograma mostró sensibilidad a Cefalosporinas y Aminoglucósidos. En el 100% de los casos estudiados, el antibiograma reveló resistencia a las Quinolonas...


Subject(s)
Bacteriuria/urine , Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic/diagnosis
3.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 55(2): 181-187, 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-514818

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Determinar a frequência e os principais fatores associados à bacteriúria após a sondagem vesical em mulheres submetidas à cirurgia ginecológica eletiva. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo do tipo coorte em mulheres submetidas à cirurgia ginecológica após sondagem vesical no Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira, no período de janeiro a maio de 2007. As uroculturas foram coletadas até 24 horas após a retirada da sonda e 7/10 dias após a sondagem vesical. A análise estatística bivariada e multivariada foi realizada calculando-se a razão de risco e os seus intervalos de confiança a 95 por cento. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídas no estudo 249 mulheres. A frequência de uroculturas positivas até 24 horas depois da retirada da sonda foi de 23,6 por cento, diminuindo para 11,1 por cento 7/10 dias após a sondagem. Destas, apenas 2,4 por cento eram sintomáticas. Verificou-se menor risco de bacteriúria com 7/10 dias após a sondagem vesical quando a paciente referiu vulvovaginite tratada nos últimos três meses, não permanecendo estatisticamente significativa após a análise multivariada. Não houve associação significativa com idade, escolaridade, número de gestações, paridade, fase da vida reprodutiva, tipo e duração da cirurgia, tipo da anestesia, uso de antibiótico profilático, profissional que colocou a sonda e o tempo de permanência da sonda vesical. CONCLUSÃO: A frequência de bacteriúria foi de 23,6 por cento e 11,1 por cento com 24 horas e 7/10 dias, respectivamente. Não se encontrou associação significativa das variáveis pesquisadas com a bacteriúria evidenciada na urocultura com 7/10 dias.


OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency and risk factors associated to bacteriuria after urinary catheterization in women submitted to elective gynecological surgery. METHODS: A cohort study was carried out among women submitted to gynecological surgery after urinary catheterization. This study took place at the "Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira" from January to May of 2007. Uroculture samples were collected during two periods: in the first 24 hours and seven to ten days after catheter removal. To demonstrate the association between risk factors and bacteriuria, the relative risk was calculated with a confidence interval of 95 percent. RESULTS: This study included 249 women. At 24 hours after catheter removal, 23.6 percent of the urocultures collected were positive, while on days 7 to 10 this was reduced to 11.1 percent. Of all participants studied only 2.4 percent had symptomatic bacteriuria. Risk of bacteriuria at 7/10 days was reduced when the patient reported a positive history of treatment for vulvovaginitis in the previous three months. However this association was not found after multivariate analysis. There was no significant association with age, education, stage of reproductive phase, number of pregnancies and deliveries, type and duration of surgery, type of anesthetics, use of prophylactic antibiotic, professional who introduced the catheter and time of urinary catheterization. CONCLUSION: Frequency of bacteriruria was 23.6 percent at 24 hours and 11.1 percent seven days after catheter removal. There was no association between bacteriuria at 7/10 days and any of the variables analyzed.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Bacteriuria/etiology , Gynecologic Surgical Procedures , Urinary Catheterization/adverse effects , Bacteriuria/epidemiology , Bacteriuria/urine , Cohort Studies , Multivariate Analysis , Time Factors , Young Adult
4.
Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Lipid Disorders. 2005; 4 (2): 63-69
in Persian | IMEMR | ID: emr-71146

ABSTRACT

This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of asymptomatic bacteriuria [ASB] in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Iranian population. Between March 2003 and December 2003, 202 nonpregnant women with diabetes type 2 who were between 31 to 78 years old and had no abnormalities of the urinary tract system were included. We defined ASB as the presence of at least 105 colony-forming units/ml of 1 or 2 bacterial species, in two separated cultures of clean-voided midstream urine. All the participants were free from any symptoms of urinary tract infection [UTI]. Risk factors for developing bacteriuria was assessed and compared in participants with and without bacteriuria. In this study, the prevalence of ASB was 10.9% among diabetic women. E.coli was the most prevalent microorganism responsible for positive urine culture. Most of the isolated microorganisms were resistant to Co-trimoxazole, Nalidixic acid and Ciprofloxacin. Pyuria [P<0.001] and glucosuria [P<0.05] had meaningful relation with bacteriuria but no association was evident between age [P<0.45], duration of diabetes [P<0.09], macroalbuminuria [P<0.10] and HbA1c level [P<0.75], and the presence of ASB. The prevalence of ASB is more prevalent in women with type 2 diabetes, which pyuria and glucosuria can be considered as risk factors in this regard. Routine urine culture can be recommended for diabetic women even when there is not any urinary symptom


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Bacteriuria/diagnosis , Bacteriuria/microbiology , Bacteriuria/urine , Urinary Tract Infections , Escherichia coli/urine , Pyuria , Glycosuria, Renal , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Risk Factors
5.
Risafa Medical Journal. 2004; 1 (2): 21-25
in Arabic | IMEMR | ID: emr-68314

ABSTRACT

Sir Robert Hutchison used to say that the ghosts of dead patients do not ask, why we did not employ the latest fad of clinical investigation; they ask "why did not test my urine

Subject(s)
Urinary Tract Infections/diagnosis , Bacteriuria/urine , Bacteriuria/diagnosis , Sensitivity and Specificity , Hematuria/diagnosis , Specimen Handling
6.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 5(6): 373-85, jun. 1999. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-244302

ABSTRACT

Todos los años nacen en el mundo alrededor de 13 millones de niños prematuros. La mayor parte de esos niños nacen en países en desarrollo y constituyen el componente principal de la morbilidad y la mortalidad perinatales. En el presente estudio de revisión se analizaron los datos científicamente validados sobre las intervenciones que se emplean con la intención de evitar al menos una parte de los partos pretérmino y disminuir su impacto en la salud neonatal. Se consultaron las bases de datos Biblioteca Cochrane y Medline y se estudiaron 50 trabajos de revisión y artículos de investigación relacionados con el tema del parto pretérmino en sus siguientes aspectos: factores de riesgo y detección precoz del riesgo de parto pretérmino; prevención de la amenaza de parto pretérmino; tratamiento del parto pretérmino iniciado, y prevención del síndrome de dificultad respiratoria neonatal. Se encontraron pocos medios ensayados con éxito para predecir, prevenir o detectar precozmente la amenaza de parto pretérmino. Solo el tamizaje y tratamiento de la bacteriuria asintomática pueden recomendarse para todas las embarazadas como parte del control prenatal. El tamizaje de la vaginosis bacteriana y su tratamiento ulterior y el cerclaje profiláctico reducen, respectivamente, la incidencia de nacimientos adelantados en embarazadas con antecedentes de parto prematuro y en las que tienen antecedentes de más de tres partos pretérmino. Como tratamiento del parto iniciado antes de tiempo, con o sin rotura prematura de membranas, las intervenciones que han mostrado eficacia son la administración de betamiméticos a la parturienta para prolongar por 48 horas el período de latencia del parto y de indometacina con el mismo objetivo como medicamento de segunda elección. La administración prenatal de corticoides a la embarazada puede inducir la maduración pulmonar del feto y reducir el síndrome de dificultad respiratoria y la hemorragia ventricular, reduciendo así la mortalidad neonatal. Se recomienda continuar y apoyar las investigaciones básicas y epidemiológicas sobre la prevención para adquirir más conocimientos sobre las causas y mecanismos del parto pretérmino y cómo prevenir la morbilidad y mortalidad que produce


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Bacteriuria/urine , Indomethacin/therapeutic use , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage , Obstetric Labor, Premature , Tocolytic Agents
8.
Rev. bras. patol. clín ; 27(4): 111-7, out.-dez. 1991. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-174353

ABSTRACT

Estudou-se a uropatogenicidade (pesquisa de adesinas - MSHA, MRHA e hemolisinas) e a sorotipagem (por titulaçåo em tubos) de 248 amostras de E. coli isoladas de pacientes do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu com quadro clínico de cistite, pielonefrite, bacteriúria assintomática ou indeterminado. Observou-se que: as amostras relacionadas pielonefrite apresentaram hemaglutinaçåo manose resistente (MRHA) em maior proporçåo (54,3 por cento), hemaglutinaçåo manose sensível (MSHA) foi observada em mais de 91 por cento das bactérias de todos os quadros clínicos, enquanto que amostras hemolíticas (53,2 por cento em média) se distribuiram uniformemente pelos mesmos. Os sorogrupos prevalentes foram: O7 (20,8 por cento), O2 (18,5 por cento) e O4 (18,5 por cento) em pielonefrite; O18ac (41,9 por cento) e O7 (41,7 por cento em cistite e O75 (26,9 por cento) em assintomáticos. Todas as amostras O18ac e O4 provenientes de pielonefrite apresentaram MRHA e 82 por cento delas, hemolisinas. Estes dados sugerem que em determinados sorogrupos de E. coli, alguns fatores de virulência coexistem, favorecendo, assim, sua sobrevivência nas céluls uroepiteliais


Subject(s)
Bacteriuria/diagnosis , Bacteriuria/urine , Cystitis/diagnosis , Cystitis/urine , Escherichia coli Infections/diagnosis , Escherichia coli Infections/urine , Pyelonephritis/diagnosis , Pyelonephritis/urine , Hemagglutination Tests
10.
Indian J Pediatr ; 1981 Nov-Dec; 48(395): 753-6
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-81999
11.
Mansoura Medical Bulletin. 1978; 6 (3): 265-270
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-124235

ABSTRACT

One Hundred healthy women in the childbearing period and a similar number of pill users for more than three years were investigated. Significant bacteriuria was demonstrated in 36% of pill users compared with 16% in healthy controls. Dilatation of the lower ureter was encountered in 24% of pill users and in 8% of controls. Grade I vesicoureteric reflux was demonstrated in 15 women on oral hormonal contraceptives compared with 4% in controls. Hypotonicity of the urinary tract musculature, as well as other factors, are believed to be responsible for these changes. Periodic urologic investigations are suggested for these who use pills for prolonged time. Structural changes demonstrated in the urinary tract during normal pregnancy have been attributed at least in part to the presence of placental steroid hormones [Youssef, 1956 : Fainstat, 1963]. The effects of oral hormonal contraceptives on the upper urinary tract had been studied with contradictory results. Marshall et al., [1966] observed dilatation of the ureters and renal pelvis in women using oral hormonal con-pills were discontinued. However felding [1966] who followed a small group of women taking Anovlar I for 3-9 months, found no radiologic evidence of ureteral dilatation. Descending urograms were normal in 10 patients on oestrogen-progestagen combination studied by Marchant [1972]. Couriere et al., [1970] observed no urologic changes in women after year of pill use. Recently, Youssef et al., [1975] demonstrated bladder hypotonia and increased capacity durign the use of oral hormonal contraceptive which was more manifest during the second year. Aaso, Zahran et al., [1976] observed bladder trabeculations in pill users. However, the susceptibility of the urinary system to infection after servical years of pill use is not clear. In most of the reports, the duration of pill use was in the range of 1-3 years [Courriere et al., 1970 and Zahran et al., 1976]. This stimulated us to study women on oral hormonal contraceptives for more than three years


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Urinary Tract/microbiology , Bacteriuria/urine , Incidence , Control Groups
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