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1.
Rev. cuba. invest. bioméd ; 39(3): e619, jul.-set. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1138934

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La donación de sangre salva vidas, por lo que la seguridad de la sangre es lo más importante de todo el proceso. La localización demográfica conduce a tener causas específicas de diferimiento. Vivir en zonas altoandinas produciría cambios adaptativos hematológicos. Es por esta razón que resulta importante conocer las causas de rechazo y así poder reorientar los programas de promoción de donación de sangre. Objetivo: Determinar las causas de rechazo de donantes de sangre de un hospital del sur peruano a 3825 m. s. n. m. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal, de corte retrospectivo, sobre las causas de rechazo de posibles donantes de sangre del Hospital III EsSalud, Juliaca. Se analizaron los registros de predonantes que fueron rechazados, desde enero del 2014 a diciembre del 2018. Los datos se analizaron en el programa STATA v.14. Resultados: De los posibles predonantes seleccionados (4057), 1699 (41,87 por ciento) fueron mujeres y 2358 (58,13 por ciento) fueron varones. Fueron diferidos 1458 (41,87 por ciento), los varones tuvieron la tasa de rechazo más alta 882 (60,49 por ciento) en comparación con las mujeres 576 (39,51 por ciento). La polieritrocitemia fue la causa más frecuente de rechazo 669 (45,8 por ciento). Conclusiones: La tasa de rechazo fue moderada (35,93 por ciento) y la principal causa, fue el hematocrito alto (68,4 por ciento), seguido por el bajo (6,8 por ciento).


Introduction: Blood donation saves lives. Blood safety is thus the most important factor throughout the whole process. Demographic location accounts for specific reasons for deferral. Living in high Andean areas causes adaptive hematological changes. Therefore, it is important to be aware of the reasons for deferral with a view to reorienting blood donation promotion programs. Objective: Determine the reasons for blood donor deferral in a Southern Peruvian hospital 3 935 m amsl. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted of the reasons for deferral of potential blood donors in EsSalud III Hospital in Juliaca. An analysis was performed of the records of pre-donors deferred from January 2014 to December 2018. The data were processed with the software STATA version 14. Results: Of the potential pre-donors selected (4 057), 1 699 (41.87 percent) were women and 2 358 (58.13 percent) were men. A total 1 458 (41.87 percent) were deferred. Men had the highest deferral rate with 882 (60.49 percent), whereas the rate for women was 576 (39.51 percent). Polyerythrocythemia was the most common reason for deferral with 669 (45.8 percent). Conclusions: The deferral rate was moderate (35.93 percent) and the main reason was high hematocrit (68.4 percent), followed by low hematocrit (6.8 percent)(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Blood Donors/ethics , Blood Safety/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies , Blood Safety/ethics
2.
Rev. cuba. hematol. inmunol. hemoter ; 34(3): 1-18, jul.-set. 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-985529

ABSTRACT

La donación de sangre es el sustento de los programas que proporcionan la sangre segura para el uso terapéutico, con el fin de preservar la salud y vida humana. Es necesario prestar especial atención a la seguridad y calidad de esta actividad ya que es también un principio ético, cuidar de la salud del que de forma altruista da parte de si para beneficiar a los demás. Aunque la donación es un proceder seguro, en ocasiones pueden presentarse efectos adversos en los donantes, algunos evitables, que pueden repercutir en su salud o afectar el retorno a esta actividad. A inicios de la década de 1990, surgen los programas de hemovigilancia encargados de velar, notificar, investigar y prevenir los efectos adversos de la transfusión y la donación, con el fin de prevenir su recurrencia e incrementar la seguridad y calidad de ambos procederes. Este trabajo realiza una revisión actualizada sobre las reacciones adversas de la donación en el contexto de la hemovigilancia(AU)


Blood donation is the livelihood of all blood programs to provide safe blood transfusion for therapeutic use whit the aim to preserve health and human life. It is necessary to pay attention to the safety and quality of this activity, because is an ethical principle to take care of the health of those who, in an altruist manner, give part of themselves in order to benefit others. Although the donation is a safe procedure, occasionally some side effects in donors may occur, many of them can be avoided, and that could have an echo on the donors' health on effect their return to this activity. At the beginning of the 90ths, decade started the Hemovigilance programs in charge of the vigilance, notification and prevention of transfusion and donation side effects, whit the purpose of preventing its recurrence and increase the safety and quality of both procedures. This work carries out and update revision about of donor's reactions in the Hemovigilance(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Blood Donors , Blood Safety/adverse effects , Blood Safety/methods
3.
Rev. cuba. hematol. inmunol. hemoter ; 34(2): 131-142, abr.-jun. 2018. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-978419

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La hemovigilancia es el conjunto de procedimientos de vigilancia que cubre toda la cadena transfusional para el mejoramiento continuo de la seguridad y calidad de la cadena transfusional. Incluye el monitoreo, reporte, investigacion y análisis de los eventos adversos ocasionados por la donación, los procesos y la transfusión, para prevenir su ocurrencia o recurrencia. Objetivo: Mostrar los resultados de la implementación de un programa de hemovigilancia en el municipio de Jovellanos, provincia Matanzas, Cuba. Métodos: Entre enero de 2003 y diciembre de 2015 se implementó en el municipio de Jovellanos, un programa de hemovigilancia como parte del programa territorial iniciado en esa provincia, en igual fecha; para incrementar la seguridad y calidad transfusional. Previamente se realizó un diagnóstico del estado de las donaciones, las transfusiones y sus efectos adversos; de los casi errores, la hemoterapia, del grado de conocimientos en medicina transfusional de los médicos e indicadores de transfusiones; esto último mediante la aplicacion de una encuesta. Se inició un programa de capacitación, se creó el comité de transfusiones, se fortaleció el sistema de gerencia de calidad y la participación de las enfermeras en la transfusión. Resultados : Se elevó el grado de conocimientos en medicina transfusional de los profesionales, se logró la disminución de las reacciones de donantes y receptores; de una tasa en el 2002 de 14 y 63 por mil, respectivamente, a 1,1 y 0 por mil en el 2015; además disminuyó la gravedad de las reacciones. Hubo disminución del porcentaje de pacientes ingresados que fueron transfundidos de 18,5 a 7,3; además, disminuyó el número de transfusiones realizadas en 40,5 por ciento. Conclusiones: El programa es factible y sustentable con los recursos existentes y optimizó significativamente la seguridad y calidad transfusional(AU)


Introduction: Haemovigilance is the set of surveillance procedures that covers the entire transfusion chain for the continuous improvement of the safety and quality of this. It includes monitoring, reporting, research and analysis of adverse events caused by donation, processes and transfusion, to prevent its occurrence or recurrence. Objective: To show the results of the implementation of a haemovigilance program in the municipality of Jovellanos, Matanzas province, Cuba. Methods: Between January 2003 and December 2015, a haemovigilance program was implemented in the municipality of Jovellanos as part of the territorial program initiated in that province, on the same date; to increase transfusional safety and quality. Previously, a diagnosis of the state of donations, transfusions and their adverse effects was made; as well as the quasi-errors, the hemotherapy, the degree of knowledge of the doctors in transfusion medicine and the indicators of transfusions; the latter through the application of a survey. A training program was initiated, the transfusion committee was created, the quality management system and the participation of nurses in transfusion were strengthened. Results: The degree of knowledge of the professionals was increased, in transfusion medicine, the decrease in the reactions of donors and recipients was achieved; from an existing rate in 2002 of 14 and 63 per thousand, respectively, to 1.1 and 0 per thousand in 2015; in addition, the severity of the reactions decreased. There was a decrease in the percentage of admitted patients who were transfused from 18.5 to 7.3. In addition, the number of transfusions performed by 40.5 percent decreased. Conclusions: The program is feasible and sustainable with existing resources and significantly optimized transfusional safety and quality(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Blood Safety/methods , Transfusion Medicine/methods , Transfusion Reaction/prevention & control , Health Programs and Plans
4.
Clin. biomed. res ; 38(4)2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1023783

ABSTRACT

Introdução: As transfusões sanguíneas começaram a ser realizadas no Brasil no século XX como forma de tratamento terapêutico. Com a descoberta do vírus HIV, a segurança do sangue doado passou a ser prioritária. Assim, candidatos à doação de sangue são submetidos a uma triagem clínica e sorológica, além do teste de ácido nucleico (NAT), obrigatório desde 2014 nos bancos de sangue. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo através da análise de dados dos doadores de sangue de um Serviço de Hemoterapia em Porto Alegre/RS, nos anos de 2015 a 2017. Avaliando resultados sorológicos e da técnica NAT para HIV. Resultados: Das 28.625 amostras de usuários do serviço de hemoterapia, 41 (0,14%) foram reagentes para o HIV e 21 (0,07%) foram reagente para o teste NAT. Estes dados demonstram uma reatividade duas vezes maior nas amostras de bolsas testadas sorologicamente quando comparadas com a metodologia utilizada no NAT. Conclusão: O avanço científico e tecnológico tem auxiliado no que se refere a redução dos riscos de transmissão de doenças infecto-contagiosa por transfusão sanguínea. O teste NAT teve um acréscimo significativo na pesquisa dos vírus para a segurança na liberação de hemocompoentes. O teste foi introduzido nas rotinas de banco de sangue no intuito de reduzir o período de janela imunológica quando comparado aos testes sorológicos, fato este não observado nos anos de coleta de dados no Serviço de Hemoterapia referido neste estudo. (AU)


Introduction: Blood transfusions began to be performed in Brazil in the twentieth century as a form of therapeutic treatment. With the discovery of the HIV, the safety of donated blood became a priority. Therefore, candidates for blood donation are subjected to clinical and serological screening, in addition to the nucleic acid test (NAT), which has been mandatory since 2014 in blood banks. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study using data from blood donors at one hemotherapy service in Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul, from 2015 to 2017. Serological and NAT results for HIV were evaluated. Results: Of the 28,625 samples of users of the hemotherapy service, 41 (0.14%) were HIV reagents and 21 (0.07%) had a reagent result for the NAT test. These data demonstrate a two-fold higher reactivity in the samples of serologically tested units as compared to the methodology used in NAT. Conclusions: Studies with different time periods are needed to further explain this association. The NAT test had a significant increase in the search for viruses and the safety in the release of blood components. The test was introduced in the blood bank routines in order to reduce the window period when compared to serological tests, a fact that was not observed in the years of data collection in the hemotherapy service referred to in this study. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Serologic Tests/methods , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis , HIV/isolation & purification , Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods , Retrospective Studies , Blood Safety/methods
5.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 20170000. 100 p. graf, ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1026681

ABSTRACT

O estudo partiu da premissa que a inserção de uma tecnologia irá auxiliar na produção de informações para conhecimento e educação nos processos que necessitam de acompanhamento, monitoramento e avaliação contínua das ações contribuindo com a implementação da política de formação direcionada. Objetivo geral Desenvolver um instrumento de acompanhamento do processo de administração de transfusão de hemocomponente para mitigação e rastreabilidade de incidentes transfusionais. Metodologia estudo descritivo realizado através de observação sistemática do processo de administração de transfusão de hemocomponente em uma instituição pública federal, localizada no Rio de Janeiro com foco no tratamento e cirurgia das doenças cardiovasculares. O estudo foi realizado conforme resolução n°466 de 2012 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde, submetido à Plataforma Brasil e aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa (CEP) da UNIRIO sob n° CAAE: 51244015.9.0000.5285 e CEP da instituição em que foi realizada a pesquisa sob o n° CAAE: 51244015.9.3001.5272. Foram observadas, 30 transfusões sanguíneas durante os meses de Junho e Julho de 2016. Resultados o estudo evidenciou que conforme o grau de risco, considerando a probabilidade e a severidade dos itens avaliados, todas as etapas do processo avaliado, apresentou Percentual de Conformidades (PC) baixo, ou seja, menor que 60% classificando-as quanto ao potencial grau de risco em alto risco. Conclusão os resultados apontam que mediante a avaliação das conformidades do processo de administração de transfusão sanguínea, há necessidade de uma gestão de ações de vigilância considerando os riscos inerentes identificados, de maneira proativa a fim de prevenir incidentes e minimizar danos associados à terapia, através da implantação de capacitação e educação permanente relacionada à temática. O instrumento irá auxiliar na rastreabilidade, monitorização e mitigação dos riscos de incidentes transfusionais de forma a garantir a qualidade e segurança de todo o processo


The study started from the premise that the insertion of a technology will help in the production of information for knowledge and education in the processes that need monitoring, monitoring and continuous assessment of the actions contributing to the implementation of the targeted training policy. General Objective To develop an instrument to monitor the blood transfusion administration process for the mitigation and traceability of transfusion incidents. Methodology A descriptive study was carried out through a systematic observation of the process of blood transfusion administration at a federal public institution, located in Rio de Janeiro, focused on the treatment and surgery of cardiovascular diseases. The study was carried out according to resolution n ° 466 of 2012 of the National Health Council, submitted to the Brazil Platform and approved by the Research Ethics Committee (CEP) of UNIRIO under n ° CAAE: 51244015.9.0000.5285 and CEP of the institution in which it was performed the research under CAAE: 51244015.9.3001.5272. Thirty blood transfusions were observed during the months of June and July 2016. Results The study showed that according to the degree of risk, considering the probability and severity of the evaluated items, all stages of the evaluated process presented Percentage of Conformities (PC), that is, less than 60%, classifying them for the potential high-risk degree. Conclusion, the results indicate that by evaluating the conformity of the process of blood transfusion administration, there is a need for a management of surveillance actions considering the inherent risks identified, in a proactive way in order to prevent incidents and minimize damage associated with therapy, through implementation of training and permanent education related to the theme. The instrument will assist in the traceability, monitoring and mitigation of the risks of transfusion incidents in order to guarantee the quality and safety of the entire process


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Blood Transfusion , Blood Safety/methods , Blood Safety/standards , Transfusion Reaction/prevention & control , Cardiovascular Diseases , Advance Directive Adherence
9.
Rev. cuba. hematol. inmunol. hemoter ; 29(2): 154-162, abr.-jun. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-672144

ABSTRACT

Introducción: en la provincia de Matanzas, de enero del 2003 a diciembre de 2011, se desarrolló un programa de hemovigilancia para incrementar la seguridad de la cadena transfusional. Objetivo: analizar los efectos de este programa sobre las reacciones adversas en los donantes de sangre. Métodos: Se identificó el estado de la notificación de los eventos adversos de la donación en el año 2002, etapa previa al programa. Se mejoró el servicio de donaciones con la revisión de los procederes y las buenas prácticas; a la metodología para la selección del donante se incorporaron los datos geográficos epidemiológicos de cada territorio. A partir de 2003, se notificaron las reacciones adversas de la donación mediante un formulario diseñado para ese fin, se analizaron sus causas, se tomaron las medidas preventivas y correctivas pertinentes. Se efectuaron acciones para prevenir estas y mejorar la calidad de la colecta como capacitación y consejería a los donantes. Se organizó un sistema de alerta rápida para detectar y minimizar los riesgos relacionados con la donación y la calidad de la colecta. Resultados: se disminuyó la tasa de reacciones del donante de 10,1 por mil donaciones en 2002 a 1,4 por mil donaciones en 2011. Se eliminaron las reacciones graves y se minimizaron las moderadas. La reacción más frecuente fue la vasovagal leve. Conclusiones: la hemovigilancia es una herramienta eficaz para incrementar la seguridad de los donantes y mejorar la calidad de la colecta de sangre y puede implementarse con escasos recursos


Introduction: from January 2003 to December 2011 a program of hemovigilance was developed to increase the safety of transfusion in the province of Matanzas. Objective: to analyze the effects of this program on the adverse reactions of blood donors. Methods: adverse reactions to blood donation were identified in 2002 prior to the introduction of the program. The donation service was improved with the revision of procedures and standard practice; epidemiological and geographic data was included in the donor's selection process. From 2003 on, the adverse reactions to donations were notified using a form specially designed; causes were analyzed and prevention and corrective actions were taken. Other proceedings were applied to prevent negative reactions at donation and to improve the quality of blood collection, such as training and advice to donors. A quick alert system was set up to detect and to correct the risks related to donation and the quality of the collection. Results: there was a decrease on the donor's reaction rate from 10, 1 out of 1 000 donations in 2002 to 1,4 out of 1000 in 2011. Severe adverse reactions were eliminated and moderate reactions were minimized. The most frequent was the vasovagal reaction. Conclusions: hemovigilance is an effective tool to increase donors' safety and to improve the quality of blood collection and it can be implemented with scarce resources


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Blood Preservation/methods , Blood Donors/ethics , Blood Safety/methods , Blood Transfusion/adverse effects , Quality Control
10.
Rev. cuba. hematol. inmunol. hemoter ; 29(1): 82-89, ene.-mar. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-666715

ABSTRACT

En Cuba es de carácter obligatorio realizar al 100 por ciento de la sangre donada, pruebas de laboratorio para detectar anticuerpos contra los Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana 1 y 2 (VIH), antígeno de superficie del Virus de la Hepatitis B (VHB), anticuerpos contra el Virus de la Hepatitis C (VHC) y la detección indirecta de Treponema pallidum por pruebas serológicas (VDRL o RPR), como ha regulado la Organización Panamericana de la Salud y el Centro para el Control Estatal de Control de la Calidad de los Medicamentos. Se decriben los resultados de esta vigilancia activa en donantes de sangre de la provincia de Cienfuegos desde 1989 hasta el 2009. Se aprecia notable descenso en la detección de casos positivos para la hepatitis B y sífilis a través de los años, mientras que el VIH mantiene un comportamiento caracterizado por cifras muy bajas, incluyendo varios años con ningún caso reportado. Finalmente la hepatitis C muestra una marcada tendencia al incremento en su incidencia entre este grupo poblacional


In Cuba is binding make the detection of antibodies against the 1 and 2 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Antigen of the Virus surface of Hepatitis B (HBV) and antibodies against the Virus of Hepatitis C (HCV) and the realization of VDRL, 100 por ciento of donated blood, as it has regulated the Pan American Health Organization and the Center for the State Control of the quality of the medicines Control. This article describes the results of this active surveillance in donor of the Cienfuegos province from 1989 until 2009. Shows remarkable decline in the detection of Hepatitis B and syphilis over the years, while the HIV remains a behavior characterized by very low figures, including several years with no reported case. Finally the Hepatitis C shows a marked tendency to the increase in its incidence


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Blood Donors/ethics , Communicable Diseases/complications , Communicable Diseases/transmission , Blood Safety/methods , Blood Transfusion/adverse effects , Health Surveillance System
12.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-615339

ABSTRACT

El desarrollo de la Medicina Transfusional en el Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología en los últimos 15 años, se ha caracterizado por el logro de resultados relevantes en aspectos metodológicos, técnico-investigativos y de desarrollo de los recursos humanos, como son: la actualización y distribución de procederes para bancos de sangre, servicios de transfusiones y de guías clínicas para el uso de los componentes de la sangre en todo el país; la implementación del sistema de gestión de la calidad y automatización en los bancos de sangre; la introducción de técnicas moleculares para el pesquisaje viral de donantes de sangre; la introducción de anticuerpos monoclonales hemoclasificadores de producción nacional; el desarrollo de investigaciones multicéntricas sobre aspectos socioculturales relacionados con la donación de sangre y el pesquisaje de agentes infecciosos en pacientes politransfundidos; la obtención y procesamiento de células madre hematopoyéticas de sangre periférica para trasplante y medicina regenerativa, así como el desarrollo de la hemovigilancia. Las proyecciones de trabajo deberán estar encaminadas a la creación de un banco de células progenitoras de cordón umbilical para uso clínico, la obtención y producción nacional de concentrados de factores de la coagulación para uso terapéutico y el desarrollo de un programa nacional de hemovigilancia


The development of the Transfusion Medicine in the Institute of Hematology and Immunology in past 15 years, has been characterized by the achievement of relevant results in the methodological, technical-research and of the development or human resources features including: the updating and distribution of procedures for the blood banks; transfusion services and of clinical guidances for the use of blood components in all the country; the implementation of the quality management system and the blood banks automation, the introduction of molecular techniques for the viral screening of blood donors; the introduction of hemoclassifying monoclonal antibodies of national production, the development of multicenter researches on the sociocultural features related to blood donation and the screening of infectious agents in poly-transfused patients; the obtaining and processing of hematopoietic stem cells of peripheral blood for transplantation and regenerative medicine, as well as the development of the hemo-surveillance. The work projections must to be aimed to creation of a bank of progenitor cells from the umbilical cord to clinical use, the achievement and national production of coagulation factor concentrates to therapeutic use, and the development of a national program of hemo-surveillance


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Tissue Banks/standards , Blood Safety/methods , Blood Transfusion/methods , /ethics
16.
São Paulo med. j ; 128(6): 320-323, Dec. 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-573992

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Selection of healthy blood donors is essential to ensure blood safety. A confidential self-exclusion (CSE) system was designed so that high-risk donors could confidentially exclude their blood from use in transfusions. This study aimed to compare the demographic characteristics and the results from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B surface (HBS) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening tests on donors who opted to get into and out of CSE. DESIGN AND SETTING: Analytical cross-sectional study on all volunteer donors at Shiraz Blood Transfusion Organization from March 21, 2006, to March 21, 2008. METHODS: The results from the abovementioned tests were compared between donors who opted into and out of CSE. RESULTS: 100,148 donors in 2006 and 104,271 in 2007 gave blood. Among these donors, respectively, 829 (0.82 percent) and 592 (0.57 percent) opted for the CSE. The prevalence of HIV antibodies, HBS antigens and HCV antibodies in CSE donors was significantly higher than in donors who did not choose CSE (p < 0.05). The prevalence of at least one of these three infections among CSE donors was 3.12 percent in 2006 and 3.04 percent in 2007, and was significantly higher than the prevalence among non-CSE donors (0.58 percent and 0.57 percent, respectively). CONCLUSION: Because of the higher prevalence of HBS, HCV and HIV positivity in blood donors who chose the CSE option, offering CSE to blood donors could be a potentially useful method for improving blood safety, since it could increase the detection of infected blood during the window period.


CONTEXTO Y OBJETIVO: La identificación y selección de donantes de sangre sanos es el primer paso para asegurar la seguridad de la sangre. Este estudio tiene como objetivo comparar las características demográficas y los resultados de los virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), la superficie de la hepatitis B (HBS) y viru de la hepatitis C (VHC) las pruebas de cribado en los donantes que optaron por entrar y salir de la libre y confidencial de exclusión. DISEÑO Y EMPLAZAMIENTO: Estudio transversal de todos los donantes voluntarios que acudieron a la Shiraz Blood Transfusion Organization entre el 21 de Marzo del 2006 y el 21 de Marzo del 2008. MÉTODOS: Los resultados de las pruebas antes mencionadas fueron comparados entre los donantes que optaron por entrar y salir de CSE. RESULTADOS: 100.148 donantes en 2006 y 104.271 en 2007 donaron sangre. Entre estos donantes, respectivamente, 829 (0,82 por ciento) y 592 (0,57 por ciento) optaron por el CSE. La prevalencia de anticuerpos contra el VIH, los antígenos HBS y anticuerpos contra el VHC en donantes de CSE fue significativamente mayor que en los donantes que no eligió CSE (P < 0,05). La prevalencia de al menos una de estas tres infecciones entre los donantes CSE fue 3,12 por ciento en 2006 y 3,04 por ciento en 2007, y fue significativamente mayor que la prevalencia entre los donantes no CSE (0,58 por ciento y 0,57 por ciento, respectivamente). CONCLUSIONES: Debido a la mayor prevalencia de BA, el VHC y la infección con VIH en donantes de sangre que eligieron la opción del CSE, ofreciendo CSE para los donantes de sangre podría ser un método potencialmente útil para mejorar la seguridad de la sangre, ya que podría aumentar la detección de sangre infectada durante el período de ventana.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Blood Donors/statistics & numerical data , Blood Safety/methods , Confidentiality , HIV Infections/blood , Hepatitis B/blood , Hepatitis C/blood , Self Disclosure , Blood Safety/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Time Factors
19.
Rev. argent. transfus ; 34(3/4): 161-173, 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-658250

ABSTRACT

Cualquier prueba pretransfusional tiene como objetivo garantizar la normal sobrevida de las células rojas transfundidas (detectando anticuerpos clínicamente significativos en el suero del receptor), minimizar los riesgos para el paciente y contener los costos. Desde su introducción, las pruebas pretransfusionales fueron sometidas a una constante modificación. La cuestión en debate es: ¿Qué constituye hoy, una estrategia segura y costo-efectiva y nos permite en forma rápida disponer de unidades compatibles?. La mayoría de los bancos de sangre testean en sus pruebas pretransfusionales: 1. grupo ABO y RH en dador y receptor. 2. Tamizaje de Ac irregulares en el receptor. 3. Identificación de la especificidad de ese anticuerpo irregular detectado. 4. Prueba de compatibilidad mayor (fase antiglobulínica) con una unidad Antígeno (Ag.) negativa. Bajo este protocolo una unidad compatibilizada es reservada para un paciente en particular por un tiempo de 48-72 horas (dependiendo de la política del servicio) y por lo tanto el stock de sangre disponible se verá reducido. En la política de tamizaje de ACS irregulares con compatibilidad abreviada (type and screen) , cada muestra de un potencial receptor es tipificada para ABO y RH y se realiza un tamizaje de AC inesperados pero clínicamente significativos. Para esto se incuba el suero del paciente con células conocidas (panel de 2 ó 3 tubos) que portan los Ag. de grupos sanguíneos más importantes y representativos, todos preferentemente en estado homocigota; se realiza una lectura a 37°C y una fase antiglobulínica. Si el resultado es negativo, no se reserva sangre compatibilizada. Si se requiere una transfusión, se realiza una compatibilidad abreviada (centrifugación inmediata) para demostrar incompatibilidad ABO y se libera la unidad. Si el resultado del tamizaje es positivo, se identifica el AC y se selecciona una unidad Antígeno negativa para realizar la compatibilidad mayor.


Pretransfusional tests have the object of assuring normal survival of transfused red cells (detecting clinically significant antibodies in the receptor serum), minimizing risks for patients and reducing costs. Since they were first introduced, pretransfusional tests have been subjected to continuous modifications. The issue under discussion is: Which protocol constitutes a safe and cost-effective strategy that allows for a quick availability of compatible units? In pre-transfusion tests, most blood banks test the following: 1. ABO group and RH factor in donor and receptor. 2. Sieving of irregular antibodies in receptor. 3. Identification of specificity of the detected irregular antibodies. 4. Crossmatching test (anti-globulin phase) with a negative Antigenic (Ag.) unit. Under this protocol. a compatible unit is kept for a particular patient for a 48-72-hour period (depending on the service policy) and therefore, the available blood stock will be reduced. In the policy for sieving irregular antibodies with abbreviated match (type and screen), each sample from a potential receptor is typified for ABO and RH, and a sieving of unexpected but clinically significant antibodies is carried out. For this purpose, the patients' serum is incubated with known cells (a 2 or 3-tube panel) which carry the Ag. of more relevant and representative blood groups, all of them preferably in homozygous state. Then an interpretation at 37° C and an anti-globulin phase are performed. If the result is negative, crossmatched blood is not stored. If a transfusion is required, an abbreviated crossmatch is carried out (immediate centrifugation) to demonstrate ABO incompatibility, and the unit is released. If the Sieving result is positive, the antibody is identified, and a negative antigen unit is selected to carry out the majar crossmatch.


Subject(s)
Humans , Blood Safety/methods , Blood Grouping and Crossmatching/methods , Blood Banks , Blood Group Incompatibility/diagnosis , Blood Transfusion/standards
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